From J. D. Dana 27 April 1857
Summary
In reply to CD’s query [see 2072], JDD describes what little is known about the crustacea of the Antarctic and southern lands.
Knows of no species of the cold temperate south identical with those of the cold temperate north.
Author: | James Dwight Dana |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 27 Apr 1857 |
Classmark: | DAR 162: 39 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-2083 |
Matches: 11 hits
- … and southern lands. Knows of no species of the cold temperate south identical with …
- … those of the cold temperate north. …
- … 1857] , CD had asked whether the Crustacea of the temperate northern seas bore a much …
- … stronger analogy to those of the temperate southern seas than those of the Antarctic did …
- … Hymenicinæ , as I call it) is cold temperate rather than Polar. Another Characteristic …
- … Cape Horn to Valparaiso,—being a cold temperate genus; and although unknown to the North, …
- … species. The Crustacea genera of the cold temperate waters have fewer species and are more …
- … Species. — I do not know of any species of the cold temperate South, identical with …
- … those of the cold temperate north. You have no doubt observed what I have written, on p. …
- … of the regions South of Valparaiso (cold temperate) differ more in genera from those north …
- … San Francisco, that those of the warm temperate South from those of the warm temp. north. …
From J. D. Hooker [16 November 1856]
Summary
JDH not happy with CD’s explanation of the absence of north temperate forms in the Southern Hemisphere, given his explanation for the spread of sub-arctic forms to the south. [CD’s note is in response to JDH’s criticism.]
Author: | Joseph Dalton Hooker |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | [16 Nov 1856] |
Classmark: | DAR 100: 162–3 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-1622 |
Matches: 7 hits
- … CD’s explanation of the absence of north temperate forms in the Southern Hemisphere, given …
- … added pencil ] after[‘ wards’ del ] the temperate can advance or do not wish to advance …
- … arctics will be checked & will invade— The temperate will hence be far longer in Tropics …
- … The subarctic will be first here to cross temperate & then Tropics. — They wd penetrate …
- … of the comparative rarity of Northern warm-temperate forms in the Southern Hemisphere. You …
- … without any change. As sub-arctic, temperate & Tropical are all slowly marching towards …
- … distressed, then *some stray [ interl ] the temperate will invade, [ illeg ] to height …
From H. W. Bates 30 April 1862
Summary
Discusses insects of south temperate S. America and New Zealand, especially with respect to the distribution and origin of Chilean Carabi, and has sent for a German monograph to learn about the eleven species he has found.
He refers to Chilean poverty in butterflies; scanty New Zealand insect fauna.
An analysis of south temperate insects is desirable, but the small English collections make him afraid to undertake it.
Author: | Henry Walter Bates |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 30 Apr 1862 |
Classmark: | DAR 47: 175, DAR 160.1: 67–8 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-3523 |
Matches: 11 hits
- … Discusses insects of south temperate S. America and New Zealand, especially with respect …
- … Zealand insect fauna. An analysis of south temperate insects is desirable, but the small …
- … Museum relative to the insects of South Temperate S. America & New Zealand. The Carabi of …
- … near resemblance with species of N. Temperate zone; I believe however there is no near …
- … in California, Canada (& U.S. ? ) & N. Temperate zone old world, but the Chilian sp. …
- … The genera are generally the same as N. Temperate, but the species in 6 cases form groups …
- … be no species more nearly related to N. Temperate than to Tropical American sp. The New …
- … a generic resemblance to those of N. Temperate zone; two of them come nearer to European …
- … analysis of the insect fauna of these S. Temperate countries; but the great deficiency of …
- … tropical forms and allowing northern temperate forms to migrate southwards towards the …
- … there are genera peculiar to the high temperate zones of both hemispheres which present in …
From C. J. F. Bunbury to Charles Lyell 20 February 1866
Summary
Discusses CD’s and J. D. Hooker’s letters to Lyell concerning Louis Agassiz’s theory of the glaciation of the Amazon basin in Brazil.
Author: | Charles James Fox Bunbury, 8th baronet |
Addressee: | Charles Lyell, 1st baronet |
Date: | 20 Feb 1866 |
Classmark: | F. J. Bunbury ed. 1891–3, Later life 1: 144–7 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-5011F |
Matches: 8 hits
- … be indicated by the distribution of temperate species in the mountains of eastern and …
- … Bunbury’s journal entry acknowledged that temperate species of Gaultheria , Gaylussacia , …
- … which he quotes, as instances of the occurrence of temperate forms on the Organ mountains; …
- … he seems to consider as a “temperate” genus every genus which …
- … is found at all in temperate climates, and here I think him mistaken. I think I mentioned …
- … from Hooker has not been found. For the ‘temperate’ genera mentioned by CD as occurring on …
- … Hypericum , Drosera , and Habenaria as ‘temperate’ genera (see letter to Charles Lyell, 7 …
- … on the Organ mountains in Brazil were not temperate species, but members of the tropical …
From James Croll 23 June 1869
Summary
Thanks for presentation copy of Origin [5th ed.].
Clarifies his point on north and south glacial periods. Supports CD’s view that temperate plants will move up mountains during the alternation.
Author: | James Croll |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 23 June 1869 |
Classmark: | DAR 161: 265 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-6799 |
To Charles Lyell 7 February [1866]
Summary
Discussion of Mrs Agassiz’s letter [to Mary Lyell, forwarded to CD] regarding S. American glacial action,
with comments on Bunbury’s letter on temperate plants.
Refers to opinions of Agassiz, David Forbes, Hooker, and CD on glacial period and glaciers.
Wishes he had published a long chapter on glacial period [Natural selection, pp. 535–66] written ten years ago.
Tells of death of his sister, Catherine, and other family matters.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Charles Lyell, 1st baronet |
Date: | 7 Feb [1866] |
Classmark: | American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.312) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-4999 |
Matches: 11 hits
- … with comments on Bunbury’s letter on temperate plants. Refers to opinions of Agassiz, …
- … My wonder was how any, even so few, temperate forms reached the mountains of Brazil; & I …
- … the marks of glacial action. For some temperate genera of plants viz Vaccineum, Andromeda, …
- … as Glacial action. That there are not more temperate plants can be accounted for by the …
- … discovered of the identity of so many temperate plants on the summit of Fernando Po & on …
- … are not considered by him, as usually temperate forms, I am of course silenced; but Hooker …
- … marks of glacial action. CD believed that temperate plants retreated to mountains in the …
- … the Cape of Good Hope, and in parts of temperate Australia.... But the great fact to bear …
- … close relationship existed between the temperate flora of Fernando Po, growing above 5000 …
- … in character. CD refers here to the temperate genera listed in the third paragraph of the …
- … s information to argue that ‘Those few temperate forms which were able to penetrate the …
From J. D. Hooker 21 February 1866
Summary
Had Busks and Lyells to dinner.
Examines and criticises evidence for CD’s hypothesis that the glacial period was not one of universal cold. Physicists deny its possibility.
Author: | Joseph Dalton Hooker |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 21 Feb 1866 |
Classmark: | DAR 102: 59, 62–4 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-5013 |
Matches: 10 hits
- … 1866] , n. 9). In an earlier paper on the temperate flora of Cameroon and Nigeria, Hooker …
- … had juxtaposed CD’s theory of temperate species moving overland to the tropics at the …
- … Darwin Library–CUL. On the existence of temperate plants on tropical mountains, see also …
- … as this of the distribution of Arctic & temperate types over tropical mts. To account for …
- … at present; whilst the dispersion of temperate forms from Japan to Tasmania & from Algeria …
- … found on the distribution of a very few temperate genera & species, a glacial extension …
- … tropical distribution, & claim that of temperate in your own justification. — The question …
- … has so little change been produced in the same time in temperate latitudes. But here you …
- … is the tropical differentiation greater than the temperate & is tropical distribution of …
- … types more general than temperate. I think it is, but to answer that one must see how many …
Johnston, Ivan M. 1938. New or noteworthy plants from temperate South America. Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 19: 248–63.
Matches: 1 hit
- … Ivan M. 1938. New or noteworthy plants from temperate South America. Journal of the Arnold …
From Berthold Carl Seemann 24 April 1862
Summary
Encloses a passage from his book, The botany of the voyage of H.M.S. "Herald" [1852–7].
Discusses possibility of publishing work on flora of Hawaiian Islands.
Author: | Berthold Carl Seemann |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 24 Apr 1862 |
Classmark: | DAR 177: 130, DAR 50: E28 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-3518 |
Matches: 6 hits
- … of enclosure : ‘As in Himalaya, Fernando Po & here, temperate forms get mingled with …
- … Tropical, apparently from neighborhood of Temperate forms. so it would have been in …
- … provided CD with information about temperate plants found on Clarence Peak, Fernando Po, …
- … harmoniously blended with those of the temperate. Alders and Blackberries are found with …
- … that during such periods plants from temperate zones could have migrated towards the …
- … have acted as ‘lines of invasion’ for temperate species ( ibid. , p. 378); see also this …
To J. D. Hooker 4 December [1857]
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Joseph Dalton Hooker |
Date: | 4 Dec [1857] |
Classmark: | DAR 114: 216 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-2180 |
From John Scott 22 January 1867
Summary
Position as Curator allows no time for experiment.
Describes plans for vast new layout of Calcutta Botanic Garden according to natural orders.
Himalayan and Scottish plants are doing well.
Hopes to experiment on temperate plants in tropics, to test CD’s views of migration during glacial periods.
Sends observations on acclimatisation of English cultivated plants.
Leersia CD sent are growing and fertile.
Author: | John Scott |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 22 Jan 1867 |
Classmark: | DAR 177: 117, DAR 111: A91 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-5376 |
Matches: 6 hits
- … are doing well. Hopes to experiment on temperate plants in tropics, to test CD’s views of …
- … out on a rather extensive scale the basis of a temperate herbaceous garden. So far as my …
- … globe to account for the occurrence of temperate species of plants on tropical mountains. …
- … flexibility of constitution, which many temperate plants possess, I believe that under …
- … respective indigens in their exodus from the temperate to the tropic zone; while there is …
- … careful observation of the various temperate plants I am now introducing to accumulate an …
From J. D. Dana [before 6 December 1855]
Summary
Responds to CD’s criticism of his use of word "Kingdom" in discussing geographical distribution of Crustacea.
Author: | James Dwight Dana |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | [before 6 Dec 1855] |
Classmark: | DAR (CD library – Dana, J. D. 1853) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-1544 |
Matches: 6 hits
- … species seemed to me to be so different, between the Sections—that is the temperate of one …
- … from the temperate of the other &c &c that I chose the stronger term—looking at the three …
- … the Australian Cirripedes, especially if the temperate shores be alone considered, are as …
- … several zones of temperature, the torrid, temperate & frigid, and even the subzones were …
- … not mean to imply that the species of the temperate zone had any close resemblance or any …
- … not mean to imply that the species of Temperate New Holland were allied to those of the …
To J. D. Hooker 12 August 1881
Summary
Responds to JDH on history of plant geography.
Opinion of Humboldt.
Origin of higher phanerogams.
Importance of the occurrence of south temperate forms in the Northern Hemisphere.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Joseph Dalton Hooker |
Date: | 12 Aug 1881 |
Classmark: | DAR 95: 524–7 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-13288 |
Matches: 4 hits
- … Importance of the occurrence of south temperate forms in the Northern Hemisphere. …
- … is more interesting than that of the temperate forms in S. hemisphere common to the …
- … Cameroon Mountains, Hooker had noted that temperate plants that were common in Europe were …
- … Dalton. 1863b. On the plants of the temperate regions of the Cameroons Mountains and …
Hooker, Joseph Dalton. 1852. On the climate and vegetation of the temperate and cold regions of East Nepal and the Sikkim Himalaya Mountains. Journal of the Horticultural Society of London 7: 69–131.
Matches: 1 hit
- … On the climate and vegetation of the temperate and cold regions of East Nepal and the …
Hooker, Joseph Dalton. 1863b. On the plants of the temperate regions of the Cameroons Mountains and islands in the Bight of Benin; collected by Mr Gustav Mann, government botanist. [Read 5 November 1863.] Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society (Botany) 7 (1864): 171–240.
Matches: 1 hit
- … Dalton. 1863b. On the plants of the temperate regions of the Cameroons Mountains and …
To J. D. Hooker 15 November [1856]
Summary
CD finds JDH’s objections to a mundane cold period significant, and he endeavours to show how they do not rule out mutability.
He is writing on crossing.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Joseph Dalton Hooker |
Date: | 15 Nov [1856] |
Classmark: | DAR 114: 182 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-1989 |
Matches: 4 hits
- … viz that many fold more of the warm-temperate species ought to have crossed the Tropics …
- … would be as follows. Some of the warm-temperate forms would penetrate the Tropics long …
- … sh d . infer that we ought to have in warm temperate S. hemisphere more representative or …
- … tolerably close species in the warmer temperate lands of the S. & N. I know not; as in La …
To Asa Gray 11 August [1858]
Summary
Species migration since the Pliocene. Effect of the glacial epoch. Present geographical distribution, especially similarities of mountain floras, explained by such migration; mountain summits as remnants of a once continuous flora and fauna.
Cross-fertilisation in Fumariaceae.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Asa Gray |
Date: | 11 Aug [1858] |
Classmark: | Archives of the Gray Herbarium, Harvard University (42 and 9a) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-2321 |
Matches: 5 hits
- … America, and of other parts of the northern temperate zone. [Read 14 December 1858 and 11 …
- … till it became what it now is; & then the temperate parts of Europe & America would be …
- … considerably distressed , that several temperate forms slowly travelled into the heart of …
- … As the temperature rose, all the temperate intruders would crawl up the mountains. Hence …
- … identical but representative forms of N. temperate plants. — There are similar classes of …
From Alphonse de Candolle 14 August 1877
Summary
Thanks for Francis Darwin’s Dipsacus paper.
Dislikes the word "protoplasm", because improved microscopes will uncover more fundamental substances. Also "plasma" merely hides the ignorance of modern chemists.
Expects waxy, glaucous-leaved plants to be most frequent in dry temperate climates.
Author: | Alphonse de Candolle |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 14 Aug 1877 |
Classmark: | DAR 161: 22 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-11106 |
Matches: 4 hits
- … Expects waxy, glaucous-leaved plants to be most frequent in dry temperate climates. …
- … are more frequent in hot countries than in temperate or cold ones, and in moist countries …
- … are more numerous in one of the three categories of hot, temperate or cold countries, …
- … I would bet on temperate ones. It is mainly here that the Leguminosae, Crassulaceae, …
From J. D. Hooker 29 November 1864
Summary
JDH is making inquiries for CD on temperate climbing plants.
Discusses politics of Royal Society Council in awarding CD the Copley Medal.
Author: | Joseph Dalton Hooker |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 29 Nov 1864 |
Classmark: | DAR 101: 258–9 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-4684 |
To Charles Lyell 26 April [1858]
Summary
Comments on letter from Georg Hartung to CL dealing with erratic boulders.
Discusses migration of plants and animals.
A letter from Thomas Thomson on heat endured by temperate plants.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Charles Lyell, 1st baronet |
Date: | 26 Apr [1858] |
Classmark: | American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.151) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-2262 |
letter | (208) |
bibliography | (4) |
people | (1) |
Darwin, C. R. | (109) |
Hooker, J. D. | (48) |
Bates, H. W. | (4) |
Lyell, Charles | (4) |
Scott, John | (4) |
Darwin, C. R. | (94) |
Hooker, J. D. | (55) |
Lyell, Charles | (11) |
Gray, Asa | (8) |
Wallace, A. R. | (5) |
Darwin, C. R. | (203) |
Hooker, J. D. | (103) |
Lyell, Charles | (15) |
Gray, Asa | (9) |
Wallace, A. R. | (8) |
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Descent in Commentary
Darwin in letters, 1869: Forward on all fronts
Summary
At the start of 1869, Darwin was hard at work making changes and additions for a fifth edition of Origin. He may have resented the interruption to his work on sexual selection and human evolution, but he spent forty-six days on the task. Much of the…
Matches: 1 hits
- … would migrate towards the equator during an ice age and that temperate species would survive at …