From Wilhelm Breitenbach 9 September 1881
Summary
Thanks for gift of Movement in plants.
Plans botanical research in Brazil.
Hermann von Jhering is conducting experiments on snakes.
WB obliged to work as newspaper correspondent.
Plans breeding experiments on dimorphic plants.
| Author: | Wilhelm Breitenbach |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | 9 Sept 1881 |
| Classmark: | DAR 160: 295 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-13325 |
Matches: 6 hits
- … Strasbourg) from 10 May 1881 until 1 August 1881 ( letter to W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, 10 May …
- … see Transcript. See letter to Wilhelm Breitenbach, 20 [June] 1881 . CD evidently sent …
- … See letter to Wilhelm Breitenbach, 20 [June] 1881 and nn. 3 and 4. CD was interested in …
- … the book in his letter (see letter from Wilhelm Breitenbach, [before 20 June 1881] ). …
- … reference material in his letter of [before 20 June 1881] . Medusae are the sexual forms …
- … Ihering , in a letter published in the Zeitschrift für Ethnologie , 18 June 1881, pp. 209– …
To Francis Darwin [after 27 May 1881]
Summary
Thanks FD for corrections [for Earthworms].
Discusses experiments on absorption in Drosera.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Francis Darwin |
| Date: | [after 27 May 1881] |
| Classmark: | DAR 211: 78 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-13181 |
Matches: 4 hits
- … fourth chapter of Earthworms on 23 May 1881 ( letter to Francis Darwin, 22–3 May 1881 ). …
- … paying a visit to Down in his letter to Francis of 27 May 1881 . In a description of the …
- … this letter and the letter to Francis Darwin, 27 May 1881 . CD and Francis were correcting …
- … starving plants (see letter from Francis Darwin, 23 [May 1881] and nn. 7 and 8). Philippe …
To F. G. M. Powell [after 3 December 1881]
Summary
Thanks FGMP for his sympathetic and very kind letter.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Frederick Glyn Montagu Powell |
| Date: | [after 3 Dec 1881] |
| Classmark: | DAR 202: 117v |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-13529 |
From G. J. Romanes 22 April [1881]
Summary
Only more sensitive seedlings respond to flashing light.
CD’s letter to Times ["On vivisection", 22 Apr 1881] in every way admirable.
GJR to be Zoological Secretary of Linnean Society.
Has decided on arrangement of material for his books Animal intelligence [1882]
and Mental evolution in animals [1883].
| Author: | George John Romanes |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | 22 Apr [1881] |
| Classmark: | E. D. Romanes 1896, p. 116 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-13134 |
Matches: 6 hits
- … to flashing light. CD’s letter to Times ["On vivisection", 22 Apr 1881] in every way …
- … question of vivisection ( letter to The Times , 21 April 1881 ) was a response to comments …
- … Cooper , seventh earl of Shaftesbury (both letters in The Times , 19 April 1881, p. 8). …
- … the letter to G. J. Romanes, 18 April 1881 . See letter to G. J. Romanes, 18 April …
- … 1881 and nn. 3 and 4. See letter to G. J. Romanes, 18 April 1881 and n. 8. …
- … 1881, Romanes was duly elected zoological secretary, Francis Darwin was elected to the council, and John Lubbock became president ( Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London (1880–1): 16). Romanes’s two books about the minds of animals were Animal intelligence ( G. J. Romanes 1882 ) and Mental evolution in animals ( G. J. Romanes 1883a ). No letter …
To Theodor Eimer 6 January [1882]
Summary
Is obliged for TE’s paper on the wall lizard and another paper.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Gustav Heinrich Theodor (Theodor) Eimer |
| Date: | 6 Jan [1882] |
| Classmark: | CUL: Library Correspondence 1953: ref. 1273 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-13600F |
To William Graham 5 August 1881
Summary
Thanks him for his letter. "I am not a quick thinker or a good talker and you would learn nothing from me on the many important subjects you have discussed."
Suggests meeting in London in lieu of a visit to Down.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | William Graham |
| Date: | 5 Aug 1881 |
| Classmark: | DAR 139.12: 8 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-13276 |
Matches: 4 hits
- … on The creed of science ( Graham 1881 ), see the letter to William Graham, 3 July 1881 . …
- … See letter from William Graham, [before 5 August 1881] ; only a copied …
- … Graham’s letter is extant. CD probably did not visit London until 13 December 1881 (CD’s ‘ …
- … Aug. 5, 1881. Dear Sir I thank you for your long and interesting letter. I am not a quick …
From Charles Mostyn Owen [after 29 May 1881]
Summary
Sorry to hear CD is unwell. Hopes outing [to Patterdale] will benefit him.
| Author: | Charles Mostyn Owen |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | [after 29 May 1881] |
| Classmark: | DAR 99: 204 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-13185 |
To Werner von Voigts-Rhetz 14 May 1881
Summary
CD defends English physiologists on vivisection.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Werner Adolf Friedrich Wilhelm (Werner) von Voigts-Rhetz |
| Date: | 14 May 1881 |
| Classmark: | DAR 185: 50 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-13156 |
Matches: 7 hits
- … Holmgren, [14] April 1881 ; the letter was printed in The Times , 18 April 1881, p. …
- … Glasgow, see the letter from Werner von Voigts-Rhetz, [after 18 April 1881] and n. 7. For …
- … See letter from Werner von Voigts-Rhetz, [after 18 April 1881] . See letter to Frithiof …
- … 10. In his letter to the editor of The Times , 21 April [1881] , CD highlighted …
- … 1875] . See letter from Werner von Voigts-Rhetz, [after 18 April 1881] and n. 12. Voigts- …
- … never teach ( letter from Werner von Voigts-Rhetz, [after 18 April 1881] and n. 11). For …
- … letter, I remain Dear Sir | respectfully To à | M. W. de Voigts-Rhetz | Oberkirch | G. Duché de Baden | Germany May 14 th 1881 …
From W. E. Darwin [24 April 1881]
Summary
Sends observations of wormcasts at Malvern. Describes stay at Abinger.
| Author: | William Erasmus Darwin |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | [24 Apr 1881] |
| Classmark: | Cornford Family Papers (DAR 275: 102) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-13141G |
Matches: 9 hits
- … CD had written a second letter to The Times , 21 April [1881] , in response to Cobbe's …
- … between this letter and the letter to The Times , 21 April [1881] (see n. 7, below), and …
- … Frances Power Cobbe had published a letter in The Times , 19 April 1881, p. 8, …
- … contradict CD’s claim in his letter to The Times , 18 April 1881, that a Royal Commission …
- … from W. E. Darwin, [13 March 1881] and n. 4; letter from Emma Darwin to G. H. Darwin, 16 …
- … for Earthworms ; see letter to W. E. Darwin, 19 February [1881] . Syenite, an intrusive …
- … diary (DAR 242); letter from Emma Darwin to G. H. Darwin, [16 April 1881] (DAR 210.3: 8)). …
- … visit again (see letter from Emma Darwin to G. H. Darwin, 31 January 1881 (DAR 210.3: 2)). …
- … 1881 (see n. 5, below). There are several parallel paths in the Malvern Hills, and tiers of parallel terraces around the site of the Iron Age fort, British Camp, on the top of the Herefordshire Beacon. William had gone to Malvern, possibly to the hydropathic establishment there, to recuperate from a head injury after falling off his horse (see letter …
To James Paget 3 December 1881
Summary
Is delighted with JP’s article on vivisection ["Vivisection: its pains and its uses, No. 1", Nineteenth Century 10 (1881): 920–30]. CD is "boiling over with indignation on the subject".
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | James Paget, 1st baronet |
| Date: | 3 Dec 1881 |
| Classmark: | Smithsonian Libraries and Archives (Dibner Library of the History of Science and Technology MSS 405 A. Gift of the Burndy Library) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-13526 |
Matches: 4 hits
- … to Frithiof Holmgren, [14] April 1881 , and the letter to The Times , 21 April [1881] . …
- … See letter from James Paget, 1 December 1881 . A notice in The Times , 2 December 1881, p. …
- … 1881. Vivisection: its pains and uses. [Three essays. ] Nineteenth Century 10: 920–48. Paget, Stephen, ed. 1901. Memoirs and letters …
- … 1881 ). Paget’s essay was impassioned and compared animal suffering in experimental procedures to that inflicted in sport or other areas where it was taken for granted and unregulated. Owen’s essay was more technical, and focused on surgical procedures. For more on CD’s interest in the controversy and his involvement in efforts to regulate vivisection, see Correspondence vol. 23, Appendix VI; for CD’s recent support for physiologists, see the letter …
To G. R. Jesse 23 April 1881
Summary
CD will not permit publication of his previous letter on vivisection.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | George Richard Jesse |
| Date: | 23 Apr 1881 |
| Classmark: | DAR 185: 34 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-13136 |
Matches: 5 hits
- … CD’s letter to Frithiof Holmgren, [14] April 1881 , had been published in …
- … in his letter to G. R. Jesse, 21 April 1881 ; Jesse had wanted to publish this letter ( …
- … The Times , 18 April 1881, p. 10. See letter from G. R. Jesse, 22 April 1881 and n. 5. …
- … see letter from G. R. Jesse, 22 April 1881 ). …
- … 1881 Private G. Jesse My Dear Sir I regret that I cannot comply with your request to permit the publication of my letter. …
To Hugo de Vries [18 October 1881]
Summary
Delighted to hear that HdeV intends working on the causes of variation.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Hugo de Vries |
| Date: | [18 Oct 1881] |
| Classmark: | Artis Library (De Vries 8) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-13415F |
To Francis Darwin [c. 8 July 1881?]
Summary
A stock certificate has arrived for FD.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Francis Darwin |
| Date: | [c. 8 July 1881?] |
| Classmark: | DAR 211: 82v |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-13186 |
To B. J. Sulivan 1 December 1881
Summary
Sends his subscription for the adopted Fuegian [James FitzRoy Button].
Feels very old and wishes he could be idle but finds himself miserable without any daily work.
Is reading Lyell’s biography [K. M. Lyell (1881)].
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Bartholomew James Sulivan |
| Date: | 1 Dec 1881 |
| Classmark: | Sulivan family (private collection) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-13525 |
Matches: 8 hits
- … and had sent CD a copy ( K. M. Lyell ed. 1881 ; letter to K. M. …
- … Lyell, Katharine Murray, ed. 1881. Life, letters and journals of Sir Charles Lyell, Bart. …
- … Lyell, 20 November 1881 ). See letter from B. J. …
- … See letter from B. J. Sulivan, 29 November 1881 and n. 1. CD initially proposed to …
- … for the mission was published in ibid. , 1 December 1881, pp. 285–6. See letter from B. J. …
- … Sulivan, 29 November 1881 and n. 4. In a note on this letter, Sulivan recalled the events …
- … 1881 . Charles Lyell ’s sister-in-law Katharine Murray Lyell had published a selection of Lyell’s letters, …
- … letter from B. J. Sulivan, 16 November 1880 ). A description of the mission at Tierra del Fuego appeared in the South American Missionary Magazine , 1 November 1881, …
To Nature 22 February [1881]
Summary
Summarises the "remarkable facts about the movements of plants" in Fritz Müller’s letter of January [12996]. CD comments that Müller’s observations support the conclusion that he and Francis Darwin arrived at – that leaves go to sleep to escape the full effects of radiation.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Nature |
| Date: | 22 Feb [1881] |
| Classmark: | Nature, 3 March 1881, p. 409 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-13061 |
Matches: 6 hits
- … by the relationship between this letter and the letter from Fritz Müller, 9 January 1881 . …
- … See letter from Fritz Müller, 9 January 1881 . See Movement in plants , p. 284. Francis …
- … from the plant surface. See letter from Fritz Müller, 9 January 1881 and n. 6. The bamboo …
- … in plants , p. 117. See letter from Fritz Müller, 9 January 1881 and n. 10. Hedychium is …
- … family of grasses. See letter from Fritz Müller, 9 January 1881 and n. 7. Phyllanthus is …
- … plants , p. 419). See letter from Fritz Müller, 9 January 1881 ; Müller included a diagram …
To W. E. Darwin 14 January [1881]
Summary
Discusses earthworm activity
and animal grazing on slopes.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | William Erasmus Darwin |
| Date: | 14 Jan [1881] |
| Classmark: | DAR 210.6: 171 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-13013 |
Matches: 4 hits
- … letter to Leslie Stephen, 11 January 1881 , and letter from Leslie Stephen, 12 January [ …
- … 1881] ). See letter from Lawrence Ruck, 12 January [1881] . CD was trying to determine …
- … See letter from W. E. Darwin, 13 January [1881] and n. 3. CD …
- … Society of London (see letter to T. H. Huxley, 22 January 1881 ). CD had asked Leslie …
To J. V. Carus 18 May 1881
Summary
Ernst Krause wishes to publish a section of Earthworms in Kosmos. CD has consented. Hopes JVC will not object. He feels under obligation to Krause.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Julius Victor Carus |
| Date: | 18 May 1881 |
| Classmark: | Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin – Preußischer Kulturbesitz (Slg. Darmstaedter Lc 1859: Darwin, Charles, Bl. 187–188) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-13164 |
Matches: 4 hits
- … asked about his health in his letter of 23 March 1881 , but the latest report Carus had …
- … correcting proof-sheets of Earthworms (see letter from Francis Darwin, 14 May 1881 ). …
- … See letter from Ernst Krause, 15 May 1881 . Earthworms was published in October 1881 ( …
- … s ‘Journal’ (Appendix II)). See letter to Ernst Krause, 18 May 1881 . The journal Kosmos , …
From Francis Darwin to George King [after 21 November 1881]
Summary
CD asks him to say that the beautiful specimens of Dischidia arrived safely.
| Author: | Francis Darwin |
| Addressee: | George King |
| Date: | [after 21 Nov 1881] |
| Classmark: | DAR 185: 113b |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-13501F |
From James Geikie 19 December 1881
Summary
Thanks CD for his support.
| Author: | James Murdoch (James) Geikie |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | 19 Dec 1881 |
| Classmark: | DAR 165: 34 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-13567 |
From Ernst Krause 15 May 1881
Summary
Sends his review of Movement in plants from Die Gartenlaube.
Comments on the future prospects of Kosmos.
Comments on review of Samuel Butler’s Unconscious memory by Romanes in Nature [23 (1880–1): 285–7] and Romanes’ reply to Butler [pp. 335–6].
Asks whether he might have a chapter of Earthworms to print in Kosmos.
| Author: | Ernst Ludwig (Ernst) Krause |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | 15 May 1881 |
| Classmark: | DAR 169: 113 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-13158 |
Matches: 6 hits
- … Krause a copy of Nature , 27 January 1881 (see letter to Ernst Krause, 29 January 1881 ). …
- … had started correcting proof-sheets (see letter from Francis Darwin, 14 May 1881 ). …
- … of the tone of the review (see letter from Ernst Krause, 10 February 1881 ). Butler …
- … replied to Romanes’s review in a letter published in Nature , 3 February 1881, pp. …
- … Romanes to write a letter defending his review (see Nature , 10 February 1881, pp. 335–6). …
- … letter in its original German, see Transcript. Krause’s summary of Movement in plants , written under his pseudonym, Carus Sterne, appeared in two instalments of Die Gartenlaube in April 1881 ( …
| letter | (871) |
| people | (77) |
| bibliography | (2) |
| Darwin, C. R. | (454) |
| Hooker, J. D. | (30) |
| Darwin, W. E. | (26) |
| Darwin, Francis | (17) |
| Darwin, G. H. | (16) |
| Darwin, C. R. | (397) |
| Romanes, G. J. | (32) |
| Hooker, J. D. | (29) |
| Darwin, Francis | (26) |
| Lyell, Charles | (24) |
| Darwin, C. R. | (851) |
| Hooker, J. D. | (59) |
| Romanes, G. J. | (47) |
| Darwin, W. E. | (46) |
| Darwin, Francis | (43) |
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Darwin in letters, 1881: Old friends and new admirers
Summary
In May 1881, Darwin, one of the best-known celebrities in England if not the world, began writing about all the eminent men he had met. He embarked on this task, which formed an addition to his autobiography, because he had nothing else to do. He had…
Matches: 1 hits
- … In May 1881, Darwin, one of the best-known celebrities in England if not the world, began …
Volume 29 (1881) is published!
Summary
In October 1881, Darwin published his last book, The formation of vegetable mould through the action of worms: with observations on their habits. A slim volume on a subject that many people could understand and on which they had their own opinions, it went…
Matches: 1 hits
- … From the start of 1881, Darwin had his demise on his mind. He increasingly relied on his son …
Intellectual capacities: From Caroline Kennard, 26 December 1881
Summary
We might assume that among female admirers of Darwin’s work, many would have been disappointed by his views on the comparative intellectual capacities of the sexes expressed in The Descent of Man (1872). This was certainly true of the American feminist…
Matches: 1 hits
- … We might assume that among female admirers of Darwin’s work, many would have been disappointed by …
Terms of engagement: To Julius Wiesner, 25 October 1881
Summary
Thomas Huxley’s pugnacious public defence of evolution led to his nickname ‘Darwin’s bulldog’ and to a view of Darwin as an evader of controversy. Darwin firmly believed that controversy rarely did any good, but this did not mean that he avoided challenges…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Thomas Huxley’s pugnacious public defence of evolution led to his nickname ‘Darwin’s bulldog’ and …
Darwin in letters, 1882: Nothing too great or too small
Summary
In 1882, Darwin reached his 74th year Earthworms had been published the previous October, and for the first time in decades he was not working on another book. He remained active in botanical research, however. Building on his recent studies in plant…
Matches: 1 hits
- … In 1882, Darwin reached his 74th year Earthworms had been published the previous October, and …
Darwin in letters, 1880: Sensitivity and worms
Summary
‘My heart & soul care for worms & nothing else in this world,’ Darwin wrote to his old Shrewsbury friend Henry Johnson on 14 November 1880. Darwin became fully devoted to earthworms in the spring of the year, just after finishing the manuscript of…
Matches: 1 hits
- … ‘My heart & soul care for worms & nothing else in this world,’ Darwin wrote to his old Shrewsbury …
1.18 John Collier, oil in Linnean
Summary
< Back to Introduction By 1881 it was clear to Darwin’s intimates that he was increasingly frail, and that, as he approached death, he had finally escaped from religious controversy to become a heroic figure, loved and venerated for his achievements…
Matches: 1 hits
- … < Back to Introduction By 1881 it was clear to Darwin’s intimates that he was …
Casting about: Darwin on worms
Summary
Earthworms were the subject of a citizen science project to map the distribution of earthworms across Britain (BBC Today programme, 26 May 2014). The general understanding of the role earthworms play in improving soils and providing nutrients for plants to…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Earthworms featured in the news announcement in May 2014 that a citizen science project had …
Religion
Summary
Design|Personal Belief|Beauty|The Church Perhaps the most notorious realm of controversy over evolution in Darwin's day was religion. The same can be said of the evolution controversy today; however the nature of the disputes and the manner in…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Design | Personal Belief | Beauty | The Church Perhaps the most notorious …
Referencing women’s work
Summary
Darwin's correspondence shows that women made significant contributions to Darwin's work, but whether and how they were acknowledged in print involved complex considerations of social standing, professional standing, and personal preference.…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Darwin's correspondence shows that women made significant contributions to Darwin's work, but …
Women as a scientific audience
Summary
Target audience? | Female readership | Reading Variation Darwin's letters, in particular those exchanged with his editors and publisher, reveal a lot about his intended audience. Regardless of whether or not women were deliberately targeted as a…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Target audience? | Female readership | Reading Variation Darwin's …
John Murray
Summary
Darwin's most famous book On the origin of species by means of natural selection (Origin) was published on 22 November 1859. The publisher was John Murray, who specialised in non-fiction, particularly politics, travel and science, and had published…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Darwin's most famous book On the origin of species by means of natural selection (Origin) was …
Diagrams and drawings in letters
Summary
Over 850 illustrations from the printed volumes of The Correspondence of Charles Darwin have been added to the online transcripts of the letters. The contents include maps, diagrams, drawings, sketches and photographs, covering geological, botanical,…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Over 850 illustrations from the printed volumes of The Correspondence of Charles Darwin have …
Darwin in letters, 1874: A turbulent year
Summary
The year 1874 was one of consolidation, reflection, and turmoil for Darwin. He spent the early months working on second editions of Coral reefs and Descent of man; the rest of the year was mostly devoted to further research on insectivorous plants. A…
Matches: 1 hits
- … The year 1874 was one of consolidation, reflection, and turmoil for Darwin. He spent the early …
Darwin's bad days
Summary
Despite being a prolific worker who had many successes with his scientific theorising and experimenting, even Darwin had some bad days. These times when nothing appeared to be going right are well illustrated by the following quotations from his letters:
Matches: 1 hits
- … Despite being a prolific worker who had many successes with his scientific theorising and …
Darwin as mentor
Summary
Darwin provided advice, encouragement and praise to his fellow scientific 'labourers' of both sexes. Selected letters Letter 2234 - Darwin to Unidentified, [5 March 1858] Darwin advises that Professor C. P. Smyth’s observations are not…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Darwin provided advice, encouragement and praise to his fellow scientific 'labourers' of both …
3.20 Elliott and Fry, c.1880-1, verandah
Summary
< Back to Introduction In photographs of Darwin taken c.1880-1, the expression of energetic thought conveyed by photographs of earlier years gives way to the pathos of evident physical frailty. While Collier’s oil portrait of this time emphasises…
Matches: 1 hits
- … < Back to Introduction In photographs of Darwin taken c.1880-1, the expression of …
Earthworms
Summary
As with many of Darwin’s research topics, his interest in worms spanned nearly his entire working life. Some of his earliest correspondence about earthworms was written and received in the 1830s, shortly after his return from his Beagle voyage, and his…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Sources | Discussion Questions | Experiment Earthworms and Wedgwood cousins …
Science: A Man’s World?
Summary
Discussion Questions|Letters Darwin's correspondence show that many nineteenth-century women participated in the world of science, be it as experimenters, observers, editors, critics, producers, or consumers. Despite this, much of the…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Discussion Questions | Letters Darwin's correspondence show that many nineteenth …
Animals, ethics, and the progress of science
Summary
Darwin’s view on the kinship between humans and animals had important ethical implications. In Descent, he argued that some animals exhibited moral behaviour and had evolved mental powers analogous to conscience. He gave examples of cooperation, even…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Darwin’s view on the kinship between humans and animals had important ethical implications. In …
