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To Francis Darwin   8 July 1881

Summary

Comments on the response to Movement in plants, which seems to have been successful.

Is going over revises of Earthworms.

Is investigating further his notion that leaves align themselves in the rain so as to shoot off drops of water.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Francis Darwin
Date:  8 July 1881
Classmark:  DAR 211: 85
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13237

Matches: 5 hits

  • … DAR 211: 85 Charles Robert Darwin Down 8 July 1881 Francis Darwin
  • … To Francis Darwin   8 July 1881
  • … Bank , London. See also letter to Francis Darwin, [ c . 8 July 1881? ] . Wilhelm Pfeffer , …
  • 1881 are in DAR 209.12: 126–31. See letter from Fritz Müller, 31 May 1881 . See Correspondence vol. 25, letter to Fritz Müller, 14 May 1877 . Francis returned from Straßburg (Strasbourg) on 1 August 1881 ( Emma Darwin’ …
  • 1881, pp. 400–3, and the German translation ( Carus trans. 1881 ) was reviewed by Gottlieb Haberlandt in Botanische Zeitung , 1 July 1881, pp. 415–19. See also letter to Francis Darwin, …

From Francis Darwin   19 [May 1881]

Summary

Is sorry to have involved himself in a priority dispute between Wortmann and Elfving. Intends to publish on circumnutation; will CD send him his notes? Apologises for taking CD’s protractor, will send it back. Has met Oscar Schmidt.

Author:  Francis Darwin
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  19 [May 1881]
Classmark:  DAR 274.1: 72
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13166F

Matches: 11 hits

  • … From Francis Darwin   19 [May 1881] …
  • … DAR 274.1: 72 Francis Darwin Strasbourg 19 [May 1881] Charles Robert Darwin …
  • … of a fungus (see letter from Francis Darwin, 14 May 1881 and n. 7). Francis had met …
  • … between this letter and the letter to Francis Darwin, 16 and 17 May 1881 . See letter …
  • … of a ship (see letter to Francis Darwin, 16 and 17 May 1881 and n. 11). Francis was …
  • … and 17 May 1881 . No correspondence between Francis and Elizabeth Darwin has been found. ‘ …
  • Darwin, Francis. 1881b. Ueber Circumnutation bei einem einzelligen Organe. Botanische Zeitung , 29 July 1881, …
  • Francis had mentioned meeting Oskar Schmidt in his letter of 14 May 1881 . Kneipe : pub, bar (German). Bernard Darwin
  • Francis’s paper, ‘Ueber Circumnutation bei einem einzelligen Organe’ (On circumnutation in a single-cell organ; F. Darwin 1881b ), appeared in Botanische Zeitung , 29 July 1881; …
  • Francis Darwin, 29 May 1879 ). Elfving was the first researcher to describe an autochemotropic (avoidance) response in the sporophore of the fungus Phycomyces nitens . His paper ‘En obeaktad känslighet hos Phycomyces’ (An unobserved sensitivity in Phycomyces; Elfving 1881 ) …
  • 1881 . Prepared under the direction of William MacCormac. 4 vols. London: J. W. Klockmann. Movement in plants : The power of movement in plants. By Charles Darwin. Assisted by Francis

To Francis Darwin   [c. 6 June 1881]

Summary

Has accepted FD’s correction to chapter seven [of Earthworms].

Weather is bad; sky like lead and the lake as black as ink.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Francis Darwin
Date:  [c. 6 June 1881]
Classmark:  DAR 211: 81
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13194

Matches: 3 hits

To Francis Darwin   [18 December 1881]

Summary

Andrew Clark finds that CD’s heart is perfectly right.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Francis Darwin
Date:  [18 Dec 1881]
Classmark:  DAR 211: 91
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13548

Matches: 2 hits

To Francis Darwin   28 [October 1881]

Summary

Earthworms is selling well.

Discussed how to repeat some of their plant experiments while in Cambridge.

Comments on Julius Wiesner’s views on plant movement.

S. H. Vines was very much surprised at the action of carbonate of ammonia on the roots of Euphorbia.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Francis Darwin
Date:  28 [Oct 1881]
Classmark:  DAR 211: 88
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13440

Matches: 7 hits

  • … DAR 211: 88 Charles Robert Darwin Down 28 [Oct 1881] Francis Darwin
  • … To Francis Darwin   28 [October 1881] …
  • … R. F. Cooke, 25 October 1881 . The Darwins and Francis’s son Bernard Darwin had visited …
  • 1881 . Camilla Pattrick , a former governess with the Darwin family, had translated German works for CD before Francis
  • Francis was in Wales, visiting his deceased wife’s family ( letter from Emma Darwin to H. E. Litchfield, [9 October 1881] ( …
  • 1881 and n. 3). See letter to J. D. Hooker, 22 October 1881 , and letter from J. D. Hooker, 27 October 1881 . Francis had sent home a salmon he caught while fishing in Wales (see letter from Francis Darwin, [ …
  • 1881. Griffith, William. 1846. On the structure of the ascidia and stomata of Dischidia rafflesiana Wall. [Read 20 January 1846. ] Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 20 (1846–7): 387–90. Movement in plants : The power of movement in plants. By Charles Darwin. Assisted by Francis

To Francis Darwin   9 November [1881]

Summary

Comments on two letters received from W. F. P. Pfeffer [13425, 13464] who thinks Julius Wiesner’s view that light, etc. acts directly on plants is wrong.

Is frantic over the number of letters received about worms; feels the enthusiasm of the reception of Earthworms is laughable.

Is confounded by Euphorbia rootlets and has re-examined the effect of carbonate of ammonia.

Has thought of three good experiments to oppose Wiesner.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Francis Darwin
Date:  9 Nov [1881]
Classmark:  DAR 211: 70, DAR 211: 89
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13476

Matches: 4 hits

  • … DAR 211: 70, DAR 211: 89 Charles Robert Darwin Down 9 Nov [1881] Francis Darwin
  • … To Francis Darwin   9 November [1881] …
  • 1881 . Francis had been salmon fishing in Wales (see letter from Francis Darwin, [21 …
  • 1881 and n. 2). CD had found differences in reaction to carbonate of ammonia in alternate rows of cells in the roots of Euphorbia myrsinites (myrtle spurge) and E. peplus (petty spurge). See letter to Francis Darwin, …

From Francis Darwin   [25 July 1881]

Summary

Reports on a visit to Hermann Vöchting and discussion of Julius Sachs.

Author:  Francis Darwin
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  [25 July 1881]
Classmark:  DAR 274.1: 67
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13252F

Matches: 8 hits

  • … From Francis Darwin   [25 July 1881] …
  • … DAR 274.1: 67 Francis Darwin Strassburg [25 July 1881] Charles Robert Darwin …
  • … the notice, see the letter from Francis Darwin, 16 July 1881 and n. 4. The paper was W. P. …
  • … Linnean Society ( Botany ) 18 (1881): 420–55. Darwin, Francis. 1880c. The theory of the …
  • … the Linnean Society ( Botany ) 18 (1881): 406–19. Darwin, Francis. 1901. The movements of …
  • Francis worked at Anton de Bary ’s laboratory in Straßburg in 1881, arriving home on 1 August ( Emma Darwin’ …
  • Francis Darwin. London: John Murray. 1880. Vöchting, Hermann. 1880. Ueber Spitze und Basis an den Pflanzenorganen. Botanische Zeitung , 27 August 1880, pp. 593–605; 3 September 1881, …
  • 1881, the Monday before 27 July was 25 July. Hermann Vöchting . Julius Sachs . See F. Darwin 1880b , p. 417. Vöchting 1880 . Narcissus is the genus of daffodil and narcissus. Vöchting experimented on two species, N. pseudonarcissus (common daffodil), and N. poeticus (poet’s narcissus; Vöchting 1882 ). Francis

From Francis Darwin   [19 June 1881]

Summary

Discusses observations on circumnutation by FD, Kraus, Wortmann.

Author:  Francis Darwin
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  [19 June 1881]
Classmark:  DAR 274.1: 76
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13220F

Matches: 6 hits

  • … From Francis Darwin   [19 June 1881] …
  • … DAR 274.1: 76 Francis Darwin Strassburg [19 June 1881] Charles Robert Darwin …
  • … going to church (see letter to Francis Darwin, 30 May [1881] and n. 6). Uhlans were light …
  • … Linnean Society ( Botany ) 18 (1881): 406–19. Darwin, Francis. 1881b. Ueber Circumnutation …
  • … of a fungus (see letter from Francis Darwin, 14 May 1881 and n. 7). In his paper, ‘Ein …
  • 1881 ). In the conclusion to his paper ‘ Ueber Circumnutation bei einem einzelligen Organe’ (On circumnutation in a single-cell organ; F. Darwin 1881b , p. 479), Francis

From Francis Darwin   23 [May 1881]

Summary

Would like some of his notes. Has been looking at roots of Linum, cucurbits, larch, and orchids. Is content that mother should teach Bernard whatever religion she likes.

Author:  Francis Darwin
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  23 [May 1881]
Classmark:  DAR 274.1: 66
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13170F

Matches: 8 hits

  • … From Francis Darwin   23 [May 1881] …
  • … DAR 274.1: 66 Francis Darwin Strasbourg 23 [May 1881] Charles Robert Darwin …
  • … this letter and the letter to Francis Darwin, 20 May 1881 . The Monday following 20 May …
  • … See letter to Francis Darwin, 20 May 1881 ; CD and Francis had begun correcting proof- …
  • … June 1881. The sheets had arrived at Down on 22 May 1881 (see letter to Francis Darwin, …
  • Darwin, Francis. 1880a. On the power possessed by leaves of placing themselves at right angles to the direction of incident light. [Read 16 December 1880. ] Journal of the Linnean Society ( Botany ) 18 (1881): …
  • 1881. Keynes, Randal. 2001. Annie’s box. Charles Darwin, his daughter and human evolution. London: Fourth Estate. Movement in plants : The power of movement in plants. By Charles Darwin. Assisted by Francis
  • 1881 and nn. 1 and 3). The proof-sheets were for Francis’s article ‘On the power possessed by leaves of placing themselves at right angles to the direction of incident light’ ( F. Darwin

From Francis Darwin   14 May 1881

Summary

News from the laboratory at Strasbourg; is working on Equisetum roots. Wortmann has found circumnutation in the mycelium of a fast-growing fungus. Please send papers (see 13155).

Author:  Francis Darwin
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  14 May 1881
Classmark:  DAR 274.1: 70
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13155F

Matches: 6 hits

  • … From Francis Darwin   14 May 1881
  • … DAR 274.1: 70 Francis Darwin 14 May 1881 Charles Robert Darwin …
  • … Linnean Society ( Botany ) 18 (1881): 406–19. Darwin, Francis. 1881b. Ueber Circumnutation …
  • … Zeitung ( F. Darwin 1881b ). See postcard to Francis Darwin, 12 May [1881] and n. 1; …
  • 1881. Freeman, Richard Broke. 1977. The works of Charles Darwin: an annotated bibliographical handlist. 2d edition. Folkestone, Kent: William Dawson & Sons. Hamden, Conn. : Archon Books, Shoe String Press. Movement in plants : The power of movement in plants. By Charles Darwin. Assisted by Francis
  • Darwin 1880b . Ernst Stahl had been Sachs’s assistant when Francis was in Würzburg in 1879; he became professor extraordinarius of botany at Straßburg (Strasbourg) in 1880. He moved to Jena as full professor of botany in 1881. ( …

From Francis Darwin   [after 17 June 1881]

Summary

Passes on an account from Cohen of preparations by Hahn of fossil coral-like structures.

Author:  Francis Darwin
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  [after 17 June 1881]
Classmark:  DAR 274.1: 74
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13208G

Matches: 3 hits

To Francis Darwin   [c. 8 July 1881?]

Summary

A stock certificate has arrived for FD.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Francis Darwin
Date:  [c. 8 July 1881?]
Classmark:  DAR 211: 82v
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13186

Matches: 3 hits

From Francis Darwin   16 July 1881

Summary

Reports de Bary’s opinion of Max Cornu. Accounts of various botanical experiments and observations.

Author:  Francis Darwin
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  16 July 1881
Classmark:  DAR 274.1: 71
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13245F

Matches: 4 hits

From Francis Darwin   17 June 1881

Summary

Glad CD approves of diaheliotropic paper. Reports on experiments with Carex and Yucca. Discusses translation of ‘Växtbook’ from Swedish. Heard some excellent music the previous night.

Author:  Francis Darwin
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  17 June 1881
Classmark:  DAR 274.1: 73
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13208F

Matches: 8 hits

  • … From Francis Darwin   17 June 1881
  • … DAR 274.1: 73 Francis Darwin Strassburg 17 June 1881 Charles Robert Darwin …
  • … pp. 17, 24–6). See letter to Francis Darwin, [16 June 1881] and n. 6; the work was ‘Försök …
  • … of reproduction; Hensen 1881 ). See letter to Francis Darwin, 27 May 1881 . It was Adolf …
  • 1881. Försök till analytisk behandling af växtformationerna. Meddelanden af Societas pro Fauna et Flora Fennica 8: 1–155. Movement in plants : The power of movement in plants. By Charles Darwin. Assisted by Francis
  • Darwin, Francis. 1880a. On the power possessed by leaves of placing themselves at right angles to the direction of incident light. [Read 16 December 1880. ] Journal of the Linnean Society ( Botany ) 18 (1881): …
  • Darwin, 8 June [1881] and n. 2. The history of salt ( Boddy 1881 ) was anonymously reviewed in Nature , 9 June 1881, pp. 123–4. The reviewer supposed that the book was written as ‘an elaborate joke’ and the tone of the review is very tongue-in-cheek. ‘Romanesque’: Francis
  • 1881] must have crossed in the mail with this letter. Francis’s paper ‘On the power possessed by leaves of placing themselves at right angles to the direction of incident light’ ( F. Darwin

From Francis Darwin to George King   [after 21 November 1881]

Summary

CD asks him to say that the beautiful specimens of Dischidia arrived safely.

Author:  Francis Darwin
Addressee:  George King
Date:  [after 21 Nov 1881]
Classmark:  DAR 185: 113b
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13501F

Matches: 2 hits

From Francis Darwin to Alphonse de Candolle   24 January [1881]

Summary

FD and CD have been interested in AdeC’s diagram for illustrating inheritance. The difficulty of estimating different qualities in oneself and others is very great. Encloses a diagram illustrating how FD compares himself with his parents. CD has filled in a comparison with his father. It shows he resembles his father more than FD resembles CD. [The qualities compared are: stature, hair, eyes, pulse, musical capacity, ability to draw, tendency toward biological sciences, tendency toward mathematical sciences, perseverence, memory, aptitude for foreign languages.]

Author:  Francis Darwin
Addressee:  Alphonse de Candolle
Date:  24 Jan [1881]
Classmark:  Archives de la famille de Candolle (private collection)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13642

Matches: 3 hits

  • … Candolle (private collection) Francis Darwin unstated 24 Jan [1881] Alphonse de Candolle …
  • … From Francis Darwin to Alphonse de Candolle   24 January [1881] …
  • 1881 . Francis wrote ‘1882’ in error. Candolle had enclosed a table showing how family characteristics could be traced over several generations with his letter of 18 January [1881] ; the table was evidently returned to Candolle and has not been found. Robert Waring Darwin . …

To the Darwin children   3 January 1881

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Summary

About the distribution of [surplus income] funds among the children.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Elizabeth (Bessy, Lizzy) Darwin; Francis Darwin; George Howard Darwin; Horace Darwin; Leonard Darwin; William Erasmus Darwin; Henrietta Emma Darwin; Henrietta Emma Litchfield
Date:  3 Jan 1881
Classmark:  DAR 210.6: 169
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-12972

Matches: 1 hit

  • … Robert Darwin Down 3 Jan 1881 Elizabeth (Bessy, Lizzy) Darwin Francis Darwin George Howard …

To the Darwin children   20 December 1881

Summary

Has promised to pay Hooker about £250 annually "for the formation of a perfect MS catalogue of all known plants [Index Kewensis]".

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Elizabeth (Bessy, Lizzy) Darwin; Francis Darwin; George Howard Darwin; Horace Darwin; Leonard Darwin; William Erasmus Darwin; Henrietta Emma Darwin; Henrietta Emma Litchfield
Date:  20 Dec 1881
Classmark:  DAR (CD library—Index Kewensis tom. 1)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13570

Matches: 1 hit

  • … Darwin Down 20 Dec 1881 Elizabeth (Bessy, Lizzy) Darwin Francis Darwin George Howard …

From Francis Darwin to Ernst Krause   [after 10 February 1881]

Summary

CD thanks him for his congratulations and for details of letters, which he will keep with the Butlerian documents.

FD is happy for his lecture to be republished in Kosmos.

Author:  Francis Darwin
Addressee:  Ernst Ludwig (Ernst) Krause
Date:  [after 10 Feb 1881]
Classmark:  The Huntington Library (HM 36219)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13048F

Matches: 3 hits

  • … Huntington Library (HM 36219) Francis Darwin Down [after 10 Feb 1881] Ernst Ludwig (Ernst) …
  • … From Francis Darwin to Ernst Krause   [after 10 February 1881] …
  • 1881 . Krause had sent details of the letters in which CD had discussed Samuel Butler ’s work when preparing Erasmus Darwin . Butler had publicly charged CD and Krause with the unacknowledged use of his work on the history of evolution, and claimed that they had disparaged him. On the back of the letter from Ernst Krause, 10 February 1881 , Krause had written a note to Francis ( …

To the Darwin children   16 September 1881

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Summary

A circular letter on the distribution of his money at death and the division ofErasmus’ estate.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Elizabeth (Bessy, Lizzy) Darwin; Francis Darwin; George Howard Darwin; Horace Darwin; Leonard Darwin; William Erasmus Darwin; Henrietta Emma Darwin; Henrietta Emma Litchfield
Date:  16 Sept 1881
Classmark:  DAR 210.6: 183
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13340

Matches: 2 hits

  • … Darwin Down 16 Sept 1881 Elizabeth (Bessy, Lizzy) Darwin Francis Darwin George Howard …
  • Francis Wedgwood , and his three surviving daughters, Emma Darwin , Elizabeth Wedgwood , and Charlotte Langton . Mr Norman was probably George Warde Norman . Catherine Langton (née Darwin), in her will, dated 9 January 1866, left her dividends to her husband, Charles Langton , and asked that the remainder of her property be sold in order to pay for bequests to her family, friends, and servants. William Erasmus Darwin . Erasmus Alvey Darwin , who died on 26 August 1881, …
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