From John James Aubertin 27 April 1863
Summary
Reminds CD of their acquaintance at Ilkley Wells; encloses portrait of self;
describes the topography, trade, commerce, produce, and population of São Paulo province.
Sends pieces of rock blasted for railway for CD to analyse.
Author: | John James Aubertin |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 27 Apr 1863 |
Classmark: | DAR 159: 123 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-4129 |
From John Scott 6 January 1863
Summary
Sends Primula scotica and P. farinosa.
So far cannot fertilise Gongora atropurpurea although it is similar to Acropera luteola.
Experimenting on intergeneric hybrids to test CD’s view that sterility is not a special endowment.
Scott’s personal history.
Acropera capsule grows.
Plans for experiments CD has suggested on Primula, peloric Antirrhinum, and Verbascum.
Asks about Gärtner’s experiments on maize.
Aware of Anderson-Henry’s failures.
Through kindness of J. H. Balfour and James McNab, enjoys facilities for research. JS is in charge of the propagating department. Balfour almost engaged him to be superintendent of the Madras Horticultural Garden.
Author: | John Scott |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 6 Jan 1863 |
Classmark: | DAR 177: 81, 83 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-3904 |
From George Henry Kendrick Thwaites 17 February 1863
Summary
Replies to CD’s letter: dimorphism common in Ceylon Rubiaceae. [See Forms of flowers, p. 286.]
Author: | George Henry Kendrick Thwaites |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 17 Feb 1863 |
Classmark: | DAR 109: A94 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-3994 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1877. Grisebach, August Heinrich Rudolph. 1845. …
From Robert Swinhoe 14 April 1863
Summary
Difference in plumage of Ardeola, a species of heron, in summer and winter. [See Descent 2: 190.]
Author: | Robert Swinhoe |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 14 Apr 1863 |
Classmark: | DAR 84.1: 18–19 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-4094 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … Hall, Philip B. 1987. Robert Swinhoe (1836–1877), FRS, FZS, FRGS: a Victorian naturalist …
From Daniel Oliver 22 January 1863
Summary
The number of "aquatic" flowers is reduced if one considers only those that expand under water.
Lecturing at Norwich.
Author: | Daniel Oliver |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 22 Jan 1863 |
Classmark: | DAR 173: 19 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-3937 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1877. Müller, Phillipp Jacob. 1861. Rubologische …
From T. H. Huxley 2 July 1863
Summary
Too busy to examine specimen. Will ask W. H. Flower to do it. Long catalogue of what keeps him busy and concerned.
C. Carter Blake, "a jackal of Owen’s", is the reviewer in Edinburgh Review and Anthropological Review [see 4223]. Has sent back his diploma of Hon. Fellowship to Anthropological Society.
Author: | Thomas Henry Huxley |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 2 July 1863 |
Classmark: | DAR 166: 298 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-4228 |
From Robert Swinhoe 29 July 1863
Summary
Describes the similarity in plumage changes between Japanese and Chinese birds on the one hand and British and continental birds on the other. Suggests the changes are due to the warm gulf streams around both islands.
Author: | Robert Swinhoe |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 29 July 1863 |
Classmark: | DAR 47: 176–7 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-4257 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … Hall, Philip B. 1987. Robert Swinhoe (1836–1877), FRS, FZS, FRGS: a Victorian naturalist …
From John Scott [after 12] April [1863]
Summary
Thanks for CD’s Linum paper [Collected papers 2: 93–105].
Has not published much because he would be ignored as a gardener; hence he is looking for a foreign appointment.
Has prepared orchid sterility paper at CD’s suggestion [Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 7 (1863): 543–50].
Author: | John Scott |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | [after 12] Apr [1863] |
Classmark: | DAR 177: 87 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-4087 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … 2d edition, revised. London: John Murray. 1877. ‘Two forms in species of Linum ’: On the …
From Friedrich Hildebrand 10 November 1863
Summary
Pleased CD has had his [FH’s] orchid paper published [Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 3d ser. 12 (1863): 169–74].
Extension of CD’s Primula heterostyly work.
Author: | Friedrich Hermann Gustav (Friedrich) Hildebrand |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 10 Nov 1863 |
Classmark: | DAR 166: 201 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-4337 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1877. Hildebrand, Friedrich. 1864. Experimente …
From W. E. Darwin 4 May [1863]
Summary
Sends observations on [Anchusa] plants from Isle of Wight.
Author: | William Erasmus Darwin |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 4 May [1863] |
Classmark: | DAR 110: 62 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-4139 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1877. Freeman, Richard Broke. 1978. Charles …
From John Scott 23 July [1863]
Summary
Discusses heterostyly in Hottonia.
Criticises L. C. Treviranus’ statements on Primula longiflora’s having short-styled form.
Describes his results with crossing different coloured primroses. Will let CD, when he reads his paper, decide whether his finding white and red varieties perfectly sterile when crossed, yet fertile inter se, ought to be published.
Difficulty in getting his orchid paper published in Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal.
Author: | John Scott |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 23 July [1863] |
Classmark: | DAR 177: 95 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-4252 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1877. Koch, Wilhelm Daniel Joseph. 1843–4. …
From Asa Gray 27 January 1863
Summary
Discusses the ill-will between England and U. S.
Considers the bases for deciding which plant species are "high" and which "low".
Comments on Alphonse de Candolle’s paper on oaks ["Étude sur l’espèce", Ann. Sci. Nat. (Bot.) 4th ser. 18 (1862): 59–110].
Encloses S. H. Scudder’s letter on Lepidoptera and fertilisation of orchids which identifies a butterfly with Platanthera pollinia adhering to it. Jokingly applies natural selection to butterflies acted on by orchid pollinia.
Author: | Asa Gray |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 27 Jan 1863 |
Classmark: | DAR 165: 129, 130 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-3950 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … 2d edition, revised. London: John Murray. 1877. Orchids : On the various contrivances by …
From Hermann Crüger 23 April 1863
Summary
Observations on Catasetum.
Figs require insects in order to set seed.
Author: | Hermann Crüger |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 23 Apr 1863 |
Classmark: | DAR 161: 276, DAR 205.8: 68 (Letters) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-4124 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … 2d edition, revised. London: John Murray. 1877. Orchids : On the various contrivances by …
From Asa Gray 7 July 1863
Summary
Has extracted CD’s Linum paper [Am. J. Sci. 2d ser. 36 (1863): 279–84].
Elaborate co-adaptations of orchids and insects demonstrate against "chance blows", whether few, as Oswald Heer would have, or many and slight as CD proposes.
Author: | Asa Gray |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 7 July 1863 |
Classmark: | DAR 165: 127, 137 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-4234 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1877. ‘Review of Bates on mimetic butterflies’: [ …
From Henry Fletcher Hance 10 May 1863
Summary
Sends sketch of Catasetum tridentatum fruit at request of Edward Bradford.
CD incorrectly asserted that Catasetum is male [Orchids, pp. 236–8].
Author: | Henry Fletcher Hance |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 10 May 1863 |
Classmark: | DAR 166: 95 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-4152 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … 2d edition, revised. London: John Murray. 1877. Orchids : On the various contrivances by …
From W. E. Darwin 8 May [1863]
Summary
Describes the structure of Corydalis and its arrangement for making pollen accessible to bees.
Author: | William Erasmus Darwin |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 8 May [1863] |
Classmark: | DAR 76: B188–90 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-4147 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1877. Willis, John Christopher. 1973. A dictionary …
From Roland Trimen 10, 13, and 18 October 1863
Summary
Comments on CD’s paper on Linum [Collected papers 2: 93–105].
Sends specimens of dimorphic and trimorphic Oxalis.
Comments on H. W. Bates’s work [Naturalist on the river Amazons].
Author: | Roland Trimen |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 10, 13 and 18 Oct 1863 |
Classmark: | DAR 109: B122–3 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-4319 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1877. List of the Linnean Society of London. …
From Hermann Crüger 8 August 1863
Summary
Thanks for presentation copy of Linum paper [Collected papers 2: 93–105].
Ficus experiments confirm CD’s supposition that insects visit Melastoma for nectar, but HC thinks pollen-seekers fertilise the flowers.
Maranta fertilisation.
Author: | Hermann Crüger |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 8 Aug 1863 |
Classmark: | DAR 161: 277, 277/1 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-4265 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … 2d edition, revised. London: John Murray. 1877. Orchids : On the various contrivances by …
From Asa Gray 26 May 1863
Summary
Discusses recent correspondence in the Athenæum: the disagreement between Lyell and Hugh Falconer and Owen’s remarks on heterogeny [see 4110].
Briefly discusses orchids and some problems in phyllotaxy.
Mentions the political situation and the quarrelsome behaviour of the English.
Author: | Asa Gray |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 26 May 1863 |
Classmark: | DAR 165: 135 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-4186 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … 2d edition, revised. London: John Murray. 1877. Orchids : On the various contrivances by …
From James Anderson 1 April 1863
Summary
Sends CD seeds of Cattleya crispa as requested [see Collected papers 2: 77–8].
Anticipates success for his attempts to cross orchids artificially. Has not had a single seed germinate from a pod that was not produced by artificial crossing.
Author: | James Anderson |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 1 Apr 1863 |
Classmark: | DAR 159: 59 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-4071 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … fertilised by insects. By Charles Darwin. 2d edition, revised. London: John Murray. 1877. …
Scott, John | (4) |
Gray, Asa | (3) |
Crüger, Hermann | (2) |
Darwin, W. E. | (2) |
Swinhoe, Robert | (2) |
Darwin, C. R. | |
Scott, John | (4) |
Gray, Asa | (3) |
Crüger, Hermann | (2) |
Darwin, W. E. | (2) |
Swinhoe, Robert | (2) |
Anderson Henry, Isaac | (1) |
Anderson, Isaac | (1) |
Anderson, James (c) | (1) |
Aubertin, J. J. | (1) |
Crocker, C. W. | (1) |
Hance, H. F. | (1) |
Hildebrand, Friedrich | (1) |
Huxley, T. H. | (1) |
Oliver, Daniel | (1) |
Thwaites, G. H. K. | (1) |
Trimen, Roland | (1) |
Walker, Francis | (1) |
Darwin in letters, 1877: Flowers and honours
Summary
Ever since the publication of Expression, Darwin’s research had centred firmly on botany. The year 1877 was no exception. The spring and early summer were spent completing Forms of flowers, his fifth book on a botanical topic. He then turned to the…
Matches: 28 hits
- … , Darwin’s research had centred firmly on botany. The year 1877 was no exception. The spring and …
- … from a family that the Darwins had befriended. The year 1877 was more than usually full of honours. …
- … of a very heavy shower’, William wrote on 24 August 1877 . ‘The leaves were not at all depressed; …
- … gardeners ( letter from W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, 25 August 1877 ). At Down House, Darwin and …
- … a delicate twig’ ( letter to R. I. Lynch, 14 September 1877 ). Research on movement would continue …
- … of some Infusoria’ ( letter from F. J. Cohn, 5 August 1877 ). Francis’s paper eventually appeared …
- … wrote to the editor, George Croom Robertson, on 27 April 1877 , ‘I hope that you will be so good …
- … had written to the editor Ernst Ludwig Krause on 30 June 1877 , ‘I have been much interested by …
- … the German debate (letters to W. E. Gladstone, 2 October 1877 and 25 October [1877] ). …
- … and lively’ ( letter from W. E. Gladstone, 23 October 1877 ). Gifts of German and Dutch …
- … Darwin and Ernst Haeckel). Writing to Darwin on 11 March 1877 , Krause declared the journal ‘an …
- … the director, Adriaan Anthoni van Bemmelen, on 12 February 1877 : ‘I suppose that every worker at …
- … of his 70th year. Darwin was in fact 68 on 12 February 1877. Distinguished guests and …
- … & smooth as butter’ ( letter to C. E. Norton, 16 March 1877 ). Hooker was asked repeatedly by …
- … & me to dejeuner!!!’ ( letter from J. D. Hooker, 14 June 1877 ). Darwin was staying in …
- … centuries to come’ ( letter from C. C. Graham, 30 January 1877 ). Graham then gave a lengthy …
- … man and of societies’ ( letter from Marcellin de Bonnal, [1877] ). A similar complaint came from …
- … by a duke!’ ( letter to J. M. Rodwell, 3 June 1877 ). Back home, he learned from his brother that …
- … order of the day’ ( letter from E. A. Darwin, 27 January [1877] ). Carlyle’s remarks were …
- … . In a letter from an unknown correspondent on 13 June 1877 , he was criticised for having quoted …
- … monstrosity ( letter from C. T. E. Siebold, 10 October 1877 ). An American banker, William Burrows …
- … back our civilization’ ( letter from W. B. Bowles, 17 May 1877 ). Bowles proposed that such …
- … of humanity beneath’ ( letter from W. B. Bowles, 18 May 1877 ). More transitional human …
- … inflexible tails ( letter from Arthur Mellersh, 1 January 1877 ). The American physician Jesse …
- … (Trollope 1867; letter to G. J. Romanes, [1 and 2 December 1877] ). Dispute and …
- … George and Francis. He wrote to Francis on 24 September 1877 about his forthcoming work, Life …
- … value’, he confessed in a letter of 25 November 1877 that the book had ‘resolved itself into a …
- … physical’ ( letter from W. M. Moorsom, 10 September 1877 ). Darwin was doubtful of the elephant …
1877 letters now online
Summary
Flowers, bloom, a son married . . . and a suspended monkey in Cambridge at Darwin's honorary LLD ceremony. The transcripts and footnotes of over 600 letters written to and from Darwin in 1877 are now online. Read more about Darwin's life in 1877…
Matches: 1 hits
- … of over 600 letters written to and from Darwin in 1877 are now online. Read more about Darwin& …
Photograph album of German and Austrian scientists
Summary
The album was sent to Darwin to mark his birthday on 12 February 1877 by the civil servant Emil Rade, and contained 165 portraits of German and Austrian scientists. The work was lavishly produced and bound in blue velvet with metal embossing. Its ornate…
Matches: 7 hits
- … album was sent to Darwin to mark his birthday on 12 February 1877 by the civil servant Emil Rade …
- … have ever received ( Letter to Ernst Haeckel, 16 February 1877 ) …
- … the start of his 70th year, but Darwin was only 68 in 1877. Despite this oversight, the album …
- … world.— ( Letter from Leonard Blomefield, 12 March 1877 ) Familiar faces Ernst …
- … with the final album. He wrote to Darwin on 9 February 1877 : ‘what will perhaps astonish you is …
- … worth to give you ( Letter from J. V. Carus, 22 March 1877 ) The professor of …
- … scientific work. ( Letter from C. G. Semper, 26 April 1877 ) Carl Kraus, an …
4.25 'Punch' 1877 re. Cambridge doctorate
Summary
< Back to Introduction Punch often ridiculed Darwin by showing him as a monkey or in other animalistic forms, but in 1877, when he at last received an honorary degree from Cambridge University, it paid its tribute to ‘wisdom’. ‘Punch to Dr. Darwin’…
Matches: 3 hits
Photograph album of Dutch admirers
Summary
Darwin received the photograph album for his birthday on 12 February 1877 from his scientific admirers in the Netherlands. He wrote to the Dutch zoologist Pieter Harting, An account of your countrymen’s generous sympathy in having sent me on my…
Matches: 5 hits
- … the photograph album for his birthday on 12 February 1877 from his scientific admirers in the …
- … lasting pleasure. ( Letter to Pieter Harting, 19 March 1877 ) Harting had also written …
- … it states his ‘69th Birthday’, when in fact he was 68 in 1877. It was arranged in alphabetical order …
- … from A. A. van Bemmelen and H. J. Veth, 6 February 1877 ) Dutch correspondents …
- … ( Letter from C. W. Thomson, 30 June 1877 ) Much earlier, in 1861, Tiberius Cornelis …
German and Dutch photograph albums
Summary
Darwin Day 2018: To celebrate Darwin's 209th birthday, we present two lavishly produced albums of portrait photographs which Darwin received from continental admirers 141 years ago. These unusual gifts from Germany and the Netherlands are made…
Cross and self fertilisation
Summary
The effects of cross and self fertilisation in the vegetable kingdom, published on 10 November 1876, was the result of a decade-long project to provide evidence for Darwin’s belief that ‘‘Nature thus tells us, in the most emphatic manner, that she abhors…
Matches: 6 hits
- … of plants.’ ( From Friedrich Hildebrand, 18 January 1877 ). Hermann Müller enthused that Darwin’s …
- … my book’ ( To Gardeners’ Chronicle , 19 February [1877] ). In contrast, as Hooker told Darwin, …
- … gloats over it' ( From J. D. Hooker, 27 January 1877 ). Darwin was especially pleased with …
- … have quite eviscerated it’ ( To Asa Gray, 18 February [1877] ). By mid-March 1877, the edition was …
- … index a little altered’ ( To R. F. Cooke, 11 December [1877] ). These changes were necessitated by …
- … wheat that he had studied ( From A. W. Rimpau, 10 December 1877 ). By the end of February 1878, …
Capturing Darwin’s voice: audio of selected letters
Summary
On a sunny Wednesday in June 2011 in a makeshift recording studio somewhere in Cambridge, we were very pleased to welcome Terry Molloy back to the Darwin Correspondence Project for a special recording session. Terry, known for his portrayal of Davros in Dr…
Matches: 1 hits
- … tiredness of the later years (e.g. letter to E.M. Dicey, [1877] ). Working …
Language: key letters
Summary
How and why language evolved bears on larger questions about the evolution of the human species, and the relationship between man and animals. Darwin presented his views on the development of human speech from animal sounds in The Descent of Man (1871),…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Letter 11074: Sayce, A. H. to Darwin, C. R., 27 July 1877 Darwin’s study of human nature …
Diagrams and drawings in letters
Summary
Over 850 illustrations from the printed volumes of The Correspondence of Charles Darwin have been added to the online transcripts of the letters. The contents include maps, diagrams, drawings, sketches and photographs, covering geological, botanical,…
Matches: 1 hits
- … activity at the site of a Roman villa, 15 November 1877 W. T. Thiselton-Dyer's …
Have you read the one about....
Summary
... the atheistical cats, or the old fogies in Cambridge? We've suggested a few - some funny, some serious - but all letters you can read here.
Matches: 1 hits
- … ... the atheistical cats, or the old fogies in Cambridge? We've suggested a few - some funny, some …
Charles Harrison Blackley
Summary
You may not have heard of Charles Harrison Blackley (1820–1900), but if you are one of the 15 million people in the UK who suffer from hay fever, you are indebted to him. For it was he who identified pollen as the cause of the allergy. Darwin was…
Matches: 1 hits
- … grains by a dilution method. In his letter of 9 March 1877 , Darwin wrote: ‘Your calculation of …
People featured in the Dutch photograph album
Summary
List of people appearing in the photograph album Darwin received from scientific admirers in the Netherlands for his birthday on 12 February 1877. We are grateful to Hester Loeff for providing this list and for permission to make her research available.…
German poems presented to Darwin
Summary
Experiments in deepest reverence The following poems were enclosed with a photograph album sent as a birthday gift to Charles Darwin by his German and Austrian admirers (see letter from From Emil Rade, [before 16] February 1877). The poems were…
Matches: 6 hits
- … (see letter from From Emil Rade , [before 16] February 1877). The poems were composed by …
- … in Rade’s account of the making of the album (Rade 1877, pp. 39–40), but the others were published …
- … Letter from Emil Rade 1 [before 16] February 1877 2 Münster i./Westf. …
- … From Emil Rade [before 16] February 1877 2 Münster i./Westf. February 1877. …
- … this letter and the letter to Emil Rade, 16 February 1877. 3. The gift was a photograph …
- … Appendix VI. A number of other poems were included in Rade 1877. …
Darwin on race and gender
Summary
Darwin’s views on race and gender are intertwined, and mingled also with those of class. In Descent of man, he tried to explain the origin of human races, and many of the differences between the sexes, with a single theory: sexual selection. Sexual…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Treat, 5 January 1872 Letter to [E. M. Dicey?], [1877] Letter to C. A. Kennard …
Darwin in public and private
Summary
Extracts from Darwin's published works, in particular Descent of man, and selected letters, explore Darwin's views on the operation of sexual selection in humans, and both his publicly and privately expressed views on its practical implications…
Exercise: Caricatures of Science
Summary
Caricatures provide intriguing insights into both ideals and transgressions of gender. The following six images show caricatured representations of nineteenth-century men and women of science. They provide insight into the boundaries of what was deemed …
Matches: 1 hits
- … Lydia Becker (1877) Caricature of Lydia Becker from …
Movement in Plants
Summary
The power of movement in plants, published on 7 November 1880, was the final large botanical work that Darwin wrote. It was the only work in which the assistance of one of his children, Francis Darwin, is mentioned on the title page. The research for this…
Floral Dimorphism
Summary
Sources|Discussion Questions|Experiment Floral studies In 1877 Darwin published a book that included a series of smaller studies on botanical subjects. Titled The different forms of flowers on plants of the same species, it consisted primarily of…
Matches: 5 hits
- … | Experiment Floral studies In 1877 Darwin published a book that included a …
- … findings on floral dimorphism were eventually published in 1877, but these experiments and …
- … SOURCES Book Darwin, C. R. 1877. The different forms of flowers on plants of the …
- … experiment, the class read chapter 1 of Charles Darwin’s 1877 T he Different Forms of …
- … Flowers on Plants of the Same Species (London: John Murray, 1877), 16. [2] Ibid., 30. …
1.14 William Richmond, oil
Summary
< Back to Introduction William Blake Richmond’s portrait of Darwin, dating from 1879, celebrated his honorary degree of LL.D (Doctor in Laws), awarded by Cambridge University in 1877. Darwin’s return to his alma mater for the presentation ceremony…