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Darwin Correspondence Project

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To T. H. Farrer   8 October 1880

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Summary

Questions the exact location of rooms and trenches at Abinger excavation [for Earthworms].

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Thomas Henry Farrer, 1st baronet and 1st Baron Farrer
Date:  8 Oct 1880
Classmark:  Linnean Society of London (LS Ms 299/35); DAR 185: 38
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-12743

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  • 1877 when the villa began to be excavated; two trenches had been dug so that CD could examine the nature

From Ernst Krause   4 October 1880

Summary

Has sent 2d ed. of his book, Werden und Vergehen [1880]. Notes that book was attacked in Prussian House of Deputies by ultramontane critics of Hermann Müller who had recommended it to his pupils.

Author:  Ernst Ludwig (Ernst) Krause
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  4 Oct 1880
Classmark:  DAR 169: 109
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-12737

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  • nature) under his pseudonym Carus Sterne; he had sent CD a copy of the first edition, which is in the Darwin Library–CUL ( Sterne 1876 ; see Correspondence vol. 25, letter from Ernst Krause, 11 March 1877

From Raphael Meldola   24 November 1880

Summary

Wants information on Fritz Müller’s papers bearing on Weismann’s work.

Author:  Raphael Meldola
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  24 Nov 1880
Classmark:  DAR 171: 140
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-12850

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  • 1877 to 1885 at the Atlas Works, where he developed aniline dyes and photographic developers ( Travis 2010 , pp. 145 and 152–3). For CD’s critique of Charles Wyville Thomson’s understanding of natural selection, see the letter to Nature , …

From G. H. Darwin   19 November 1880

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Summary

Comments on CD’s book [Movement in plants].

Continues with his experiments with ripple-marks.

Is in despair about his astronomy.

Author:  George Howard Darwin
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  19 Nov 1880
Classmark:  DAR 210.2: 87
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-12828

Matches: 1 hit

  • nature of the job has not been discovered. Francis Maitland Balfour , Arthur James Balfour’s brother, was a lecturer in animal morphology at Cambridge. Arthur John Evans , the son of John Evans , had published a collection of letters sent during 1877, …
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Darwin in letters, 1877: Flowers and honours

Summary

Ever since the publication of Expression, Darwin’s research had centred firmly on botany. The year 1877 was no exception. The spring and early summer were spent completing Forms of flowers, his fifth book on a botanical topic. He then turned to the…

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  • …   no little discovery of mine ever gave me so much pleasure as the making out the …

Photograph album of German and Austrian scientists

Summary

The album was sent to Darwin to mark his birthday on 12 February 1877 by the civil servant Emil Rade, and contained 165 portraits of German and Austrian scientists. The work was lavishly produced and bound in blue velvet with metal embossing. Its ornate…

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  • … The album was sent to Darwin to mark his birthday on 12 February 1877 by the civil servant Emil …

Cross and self fertilisation

Summary

The effects of cross and self fertilisation in the vegetable kingdom, published on 10 November 1876, was the result of a decade-long project to provide evidence for Darwin’s belief that ‘‘Nature thus tells us, in the most emphatic manner, that she abhors…

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  • … The effects of cross and self fertilisation in the vegetable kingdom , published on 10 November …

Suggested reading

Summary

  Contemporary writing Anon., The English matron: A practical manual for young wives, (London, 1846). Anon., The English gentlewoman: A practical manual for young ladies on their entrance to society, (Third edition, London, 1846). Becker, L. E.…

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  • …   Contemporary writing Anon.,  The English matron :  A practical manual for …

Language: key letters

Summary

How and why language evolved bears on larger questions about the evolution of the human species, and the relationship between man and animals. Darwin presented his views on the development of human speech from animal sounds in The Descent of Man (1871),…

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  • … The origin of language was investigated in a wide range of disciplines in the nineteenth century. …

Charles Harrison Blackley

Summary

You may not have heard of Charles Harrison Blackley (1820–1900), but if you are one of the 15 million people in the UK who suffer from hay fever, you are indebted to him. For it was he who identified pollen as the cause of the allergy. Darwin was…

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  • … You may not have heard of Charles Harrison Blackley (1820–1900), but if you are one of the 15 …

German poems presented to Darwin

Summary

Experiments in deepest reverence The following poems were enclosed with a photograph album sent as a birthday gift to Charles Darwin by his German and Austrian admirers (see letter from From Emil Rade, [before 16] February 1877). The poems were…

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  • … Experiments in deepest reverence The following poems were enclosed with a …

Darwin on race and gender

Summary

Darwin’s views on race and gender are intertwined, and mingled also with those of class. In Descent of man, he tried to explain the origin of human races, and many of the differences between the sexes, with a single theory: sexual selection. Sexual…

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  • … Darwin’s views on race and gender are intertwined, and mingled also with those of class. In …

Movement in Plants

Summary

The power of movement in plants, published on 7 November 1880, was the final large botanical work that Darwin wrote. It was the only work in which the assistance of one of his children, Francis Darwin, is mentioned on the title page. The research for this…

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  • … The power of movement in plants , published on 7 November 1880, was the final large botanical …

Darwin in public and private

Summary

Extracts from Darwin's published works, in particular Descent of man, and selected letters, explore Darwin's views on the operation of sexual selection in humans, and both his publicly and privately expressed views on its practical implications…

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  • … The following extracts and selected letters explore Darwin's views on the operation of sexual …

Dipsacus and Drosera: Frank’s favourite carnivores

Summary

In Autumn of 1875, Francis Darwin was busy researching aggregation in the tentacles of Drosera rotundifolia (F. Darwin 1876). This phenomenon occurs when coloured particles within either protoplasm or the fluid in the cell vacuole (the cell sap) cluster…

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  • … By John Schaefer, Harvard University* Charles Darwin’s enthusiasm for carnivorous …

1.14 William Richmond, oil

Summary

< Back to Introduction William Blake Richmond’s portrait of Darwin, dating from 1879, celebrated his honorary degree of LL.D (Doctor in Laws), awarded by Cambridge University in 1877. Darwin’s return to his alma mater for the presentation ceremony…

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  • … < Back to Introduction William Blake Richmond’s portrait of Darwin, dating from 1879, …

Darwin in letters, 1863: Quarrels at home, honours abroad

Summary

At the start of 1863, Charles Darwin was actively working on the manuscript of The variation of animals and plants under domestication, anticipating with excitement the construction of a hothouse to accommodate his increasingly varied botanical experiments…

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  • … At the start of 1863, Charles Darwin was actively working on the manuscript of  The variation of …

Plant or animal? (Or: Don’t try this at home!)

Summary

Darwin is famous for showing that humans are just another animal, but, in his later years in particular, his real passion was something even more ambitious: to show that there are no hard-and-fast boundaries between animals and plants.   In 1875 Darwin…

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  • … Darwin is famous for showing that humans are just another animal, but, in his later years in …

Darwin as mentor

Summary

Darwin provided advice, encouragement and praise to his fellow scientific 'labourers' of both sexes. Selected letters Letter 2234 - Darwin to Unidentified, [5 March 1858] Darwin advises that Professor C. P. Smyth’s observations are not…

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  • … Darwin provided advice, encouragement and praise to his fellow scientific 'labourers' of both …

Darwin on human evolution

Summary

'I hear that Ladies think it delightful reading, but that it does not do to talk about it, which no doubt promotes the sale.' For the first time online you can now read the full texts of nearly 800 letters Darwin wrote and received during 1871,…

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  • … I shall be well abused, for as my son Frank says: "you treat man in such a bare-faced manner." …

The origin of language

Summary

Darwin started thinking about the origin of language in the late 1830s. The subject formed part of his wide-ranging speculations about the transmutation of species. In his private notebooks, he reflected on the communicative powers of animals, their…

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  • … Darwin started thinking about the origin of language in the late 1830s. The subject formed part of …

Forms of flowers

Summary

Darwin’s book The different forms of flowers on plants of the same species, published in 1877, investigated the structural differences in the sexual organs of flowers of the same species. It drew on and expanded five articles Darwin had published on the…

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  • … Darwin’s book The different forms of flowers on plants of the same species , published in 1877, …

Darwin in letters, 1879: Tracing roots

Summary

Darwin spent a considerable part of 1879 in the eighteenth century. His journey back in time started when he decided to publish a biographical account of his grandfather Erasmus Darwin to accompany a translation of an essay on Erasmus’s evolutionary ideas…

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  • … There are summaries of all Darwin's letters from the year 1879 on this website.  The full texts of …

Species and varieties

Summary

On the origin of species by means of natural selection …so begins the title of Darwin’s most famous book, and the reader would rightly assume that such a thing as ‘species’ must therefore exist and be subject to description. But the title continues, …or…

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  • … On the origin of species by means of natural selection …so begins the title of Darwin’s most …
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