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To F. E. Abbot   6 September [1871]

Summary

CD’s views [on religion] are far from clear. He cannot make up his mind how far an inward conviction that there must be some Creator or First Cause is really trustworthy evidence. Does not feel he has thought deeply enough to express himself publicly on religion.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Francis Ellingwood Abbot
Date:  6 Sept [1871]
Classmark:  Harvard University Archives (Papers of F. E. Abbot, 1841–1904. Named Correspondence, 1857–1903. Folder: Darwin, Charles and W. E. Darwin (son), 1871–1883, box 44. HUG 1101)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-7924

Matches: 12 hits

  • … To F.  E.  Abbot   6 September [1871] …
  • … 16 November [1871] . See letter to F.   …
  • … E.  Abbot, 6 June [1871] and n.  3. …
  • … 1857–1903. Folder: Darwin, Charles and W. E. Darwin (son), 1871–1883, box 44. …
  • … HUG 1101) Charles Robert Darwin Down 6 Sept [1871] Francis Ellingwood Abbot …
  • … and the letter from F.  E.  Abbot, 20 August 1871 . CD refers to the letter from F.   …
  • … E.  Abbot, 20 August 1871 . Abbot was the editor of the Index ( ANB ). Abbot had been …
  • … letter from F.  E.  Abbot, 20 August 1871 ). CD mentioned the contradiction between divine …
  • … reproduction in Variation 2: 432. See letters to F.  E.  Abbot, 27 May [1871] and …
  • … 6 June [1871] . See, for example, Correspondence vol.  18, letter to F.  P.   …
  • … 1870] and n.  3. In the Index , 23 December 1871, p.  404, Abbot printed extracts from the …
  • … letters to F.  E.  Abbot, 27 May [1871] and …

From Roland Trimen   20 September 1871

Summary

On St G. J. Mivart’s Genesis of species and Chauncey Wright’s review of it [North Am. Rev. (July 1871)].

Author:  Roland Trimen
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  20 Sept 1871
Classmark:  DAR 178: 190
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-7956

Matches: 12 hits

  • … From Roland Trimen   20 September 1871
  • … DAR 178: 190 Roland Trimen London, Woburn Square, 24 20 Sept 1871 Charles Robert Darwin …
  • … s Genesis of species and Chauncey Wright’s review of it [ North Am. Rev. (July 1871)]. …
  • … by CD’s illness (see letter from Emma Darwin to Roland Trimen, [22 August 1871] ). An …
  • … announcement appeared in The Times , 1 September 1871, p.  1, of the marriage of CD’ …
  • … s daughter Henrietta Emma Darwin to Richard Buckley Litchfield on 31 August 1871. …
  • … Square, | London (W.C. ) 20 th . September, 1871. My dear M r . Darwin, Many thanks for …
  • … also letter from W.  W.  Reade, 18 September 1871  and n.  1. Wright used the image of an …
  • … the supernatural. The letter to Roland Trimen, 24 May [1871] , was a reply to the letter …
  • … from Roland Trimen, 17 and 18 April 1871 . Trimen was a clerk of the second class …
  • … Hope (South Africa; Colonial Office list 1871). CD had sent his reply to South Africa, but …
  • … See letter to Roland Trimen, 24 May [1871] and n.  4. Trimen, while visiting Albury, …

To F. E. Abbot   16 November [1871]

Summary

Explains why he must decline to write for the Index: his health is poor and he has never systematically thought much on religion. FEA may print his comments, "with qualifications", if he wishes.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Francis Ellingwood Abbot
Date:  16 Nov [1871]
Classmark:  Harvard University Archives (Papers of F. E. Abbot, 1841–1904. Named Correspondence, 1857–1903. Folder: Darwin, Charles and W. E. Darwin (son), 1871–1883, box 44. HUG 1101)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-8070

Matches: 11 hits

  • … To F.  E.  Abbot   16 November [1871] …
  • … 1857–1903. Folder: Darwin, Charles and W. E. Darwin (son), 1871–1883, box 44. …
  • … HUG 1101) Charles Robert Darwin Down 16 Nov [1871] Francis Ellingwood Abbot …
  • … letters to F.  E.  Abbot, 27 May [1871] and …
  • … 16 November [1871] , were published in …
  • … the Index , 23 December 1871, p.  404. CD’s copy is in DAR 139.12: …
  • … Abbot had enclosed a cheque for $50 with his letter of 1 November 1871 . Letter from F.   …
  • … E.  Abbot, 1 November 1871 . …
  • … and the letter from F.  E.  Abbot, 1 November 1871 . CD refers to his letter to F.   …
  • … E.  Abbot, 27 May [1871] , in which he praised Abbot’s ‘Truths for the times’ (Abbot  …
  • … 1870). See letter from F.  E.  Abbot, 1 November 1871  and n.  1. Extracts from CD’s …

From James Croll   17 August 1871

Summary

Refused to write a treatise on geological time.

His paper on W. B. Carpenter’s theory of ocean currents is appearing soon.

Author:  James Croll
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  17 Aug 1871
Classmark:  DAR 161: 266
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-7908

Matches: 12 hits

  • … From James Croll   17 August 1871
  • … DAR 161: 266 James Croll Edinburgh 17 Aug 1871 Charles Robert Darwin …
  • … in the Philosophical Magazine in October 1871 as a response to William Benjamin Carpenter’ …
  • … Gibraltar current, the Gulf Stream, and general oceanic circulation’ ( Carpenter 1871 ). …
  • … Press. Carpenter, William Benjamin. 1871. On the Gibraltar current, the Gulf Stream, …
  • … general oceanic circulation. [Read 9 January 1871. ] Proceedings of the Royal Geographical …
  • … 40 (October 1870): 233–59; 42 (October 1871): 241–80; 47 (February 1874): 94–122, (March …
  • … Edinburgh August 17 th 1871 Dear Sir, I am much obliged to you for your letter of 19 th …
  • … CD’s letter to Croll of 19 July [1871] was a letter of introduction for Edward Livingston …
  • … see letter from G.  H.  Darwin, [17 July 1871] ). The question of the age of the earth had …
  • … especially chapter 3. See letter from G.  H.  Darwin, [17 July 1871] , n.  2. Croll had …
  • … Their intensity increased sharply in 1871, requiring him to take intermittent leave from …

To C. L. Balch   15 April 1871

Summary

Thanks for the report of CLB’s lecture about Descent to the New York Liberal Club on 3 March 1871.

Sends four photographs of himself for the sculptor J. W. A. MacDonald.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Charles Leland Balch
Date:  15 Apr 1871
Classmark:  New York World, 8 May 1871
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-7687F

Matches: 8 hits

  • … To C.  L.  Balch   15 April 1871
  • … New York World , 8 May 1871 Charles Robert …
  • … Darwin 15 Apr 1871 Down Charles Leland Balch …
  • … to the New York Liberal Club on 3 March 1871. Sends four photographs of himself for the …
  • … and selection in relation to sex. By Charles Darwin. 2 vols. London: John Murray. 1871. …
  • … Down Beckenham, Kent, S.E. , April 15, 1871 To Professor Charles L.  Balch, Corresponding …
  • … Balch gave a lecture about Descent to the New York Liberal Club on 3 March 1871 ( New York …
  • … Times , 4 March 1871, p.  8). James Wilson Alexander MacDonald . CD may have enclosed …

From J. D. Hooker   5 August 1871

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Summary

Lengthy discussion of William Thomson’s address [BAAS, Edinburgh 1871].

Author:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  5 Aug 1871
Classmark:  DAR 103: 73–77
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-7896

Matches: 19 hits

  • … From J.  D.  Hooker   5 August 1871
  • … DAR 103: 73–77 Joseph Dalton Hooker Kew 5 Aug 1871 Charles Robert Darwin …
  • … Lengthy discussion of William Thomson’s address [BAAS, Edinburgh 1871]. …
  • … for the Advancement of Science on 2 August 1871; the meeting took place in Edinburgh, and …
  • … of Scottish mathematicians and physicists ( Thomson 1871 ). The greater part of Thomson’ …
  • … had been published in The Times , 4 August 1871. Thomson concluded his address with a …
  • … authority of Thomas Henry Huxley ( Thomson 1871 , pp.  ciii–cv). In his own presidential …
  • … also letter from J.  D.  Hooker, 3 July 1871  and n.  4. Hooker refers to Frances Harriet …
  • … Henslow Hooker . See Journal of Botany 9 (1871): 244. The plant was incorrectly referred …
  • … Society of Edinburgh 6: 553–5. Thomson, William. 1871. Presidential address. Report of …
  • … for the Advancement of Science, held at Edinburgh (1871): lxxxiv–cv. Tyndall, John. 1869. …
  • … Philosophical Magazine ,. [Read 8 April 1871 to the Cambridge Philosophical Society. ] 4th …
  • … when illuminated by sunlight ( Thomson 1871 , pp.  ci and cii; see also Tait 1869b ). …
  • … 17, letter to J.  D.  Hooker, 7 August [1869] and n.  5. See Thomson 1871 , pp.  civ– …
  • … cv. See Thomson 1871 , p.  civ. Thomson alluded in his presidential address to John …
  • … for the works of Shakespeare ( Thomson 1871 , p.  cv; Herschel 1861 , p.  12 n. ). Laputa …
  • … as ‘solid and irrefragable’ ( Thomson 1871 , p.  cv). Thomson claimed, ‘overpoweringly …
  • … back upon us with irresistible force’ ( Thomson 1871 , p.  cv). For Huxley’s views on the …
  • … funds for scientific research ( Thomson 1871 , pp.  lxxxvii–xc). Alexander von Humboldt’s …

To Chauncey Wright   12 September 1871

Summary

CW’s pamphlet [Darwinism (1871)] nearly ready. Friends have been much struck by it but say several passages rather obscure.

Glad CW coming to England. Will be delighted to see him at Down.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Chauncey Wright
Date:  12 Sept 1871
Classmark:  DAR 148: 384
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-7933

Matches: 10 hits

  • … To Chauncey Wright   12 September 1871
  • … DAR 148: 384 Charles Robert Darwin Down 12 Sept 1871 Chauncey Wright …
  • … CW’s pamphlet [ Darwinism (1871)] nearly ready. Friends have been much struck by it but …
  • … letter from Chauncey Wright, 1 August 1871 . See also Correspondence vol.  11. …
  • … was preparing Origin 6th ed. See letter from Chauncey Wright, 1 August 1871  and n.  13. …
  • … Wright mentioned his intention of travelling to Europe in his letter of 1 August 1871 . …
  • … see letter to Chauncey Wright, 13 and 14 July [1871] and n.  5. No correspondence with the …
  • … identified. See letter from Chauncey Wright, 1 August 1871  and n.  8. See, for example, …
  • … letter from A.  R.  Wallace, 12 July 1871 . See …
  • … Down, | Beckenham, Kent, Sept.  12, 1871. My dear Mr.  Wright, The printers have been …

From J. D. Hooker   26 March 1871

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Summary

Answers CD’s questions.

Reception of Descent. Evolution accepted everywhere; descent of man accepted calmly.

Morocco plans.

Fears for Huxley, who is overworked.

Author:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  26 Mar 1871
Classmark:  DAR 103: 65–8
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-7627

Matches: 15 hits

  • … From J.  D.  Hooker   26 March 1871
  • … DAR 103: 65–8 Joseph Dalton Hooker Kew 26 Mar 1871 Charles Robert Darwin …
  • … In his letter to Hooker of 21 March [1871] , CD had enclosed a specimen of Abutilon sent …
  • … Botanical Magazine as Abutilon darwinii ( Hooker 1871 ). The herbarium at Kew had received …
  • … specimens of Abutilon darwinii from Müller in 1869 (see Hooker 1871 ). See letter to J.   …
  • … D.  Hooker, 21 March [1871] . Azalea amoena is a synonym of Rhododendron obtusum . …
  • … Bibliography Cunningham, Robert Oliver. 1871. Notes on the natural history of the Strait …
  • … London: Ernest Benn. Hooker, Joseph Dalton. 1871. Abutilon Darwinii . Native of south …
  • … See letter to J.  D.  Hooker, 21 March [1871] and n.  4. See letter …
  • … to J.  D.  Hooker, 21 March [1871] and n.  5. See letter …
  • … to J.  D.  Hooker, 21 March [1871] . Hooker refers to Descent. Hooker refers to his …
  • … planned trip to Morocco. See letter from J.  D.  Hooker, 19 March 1871  and n.  4. …
  • … Hooker refers to Robert Oliver Cunningham and Cunningham 1871 . See letter from J.   …
  • … D.  Hooker, 19 March 1871  and n.  7. Henry John Elwes had been in the Scots Guards. …
  • … See letter from J.  D.  Hooker, 19 March 1871  and nn.  3 and 4. Hooker refers to Sultan …

To A. R. Wallace   30 January [1871]

Summary

Responds to ARW’s comments on CD’s argument about protection in Descent.

Comments on St G. Mivart’s criticism [Genesis of species (1871)]. "The pendulum will now swing against us."

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Alfred Russel Wallace
Date:  30 Jan [1871]
Classmark:  The British Library (Add MS 46434)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-7464

Matches: 14 hits

  • … To A.  R.  Wallace   30 January [1871] …
  • … Library (Add MS 46434) Charles Robert Darwin Down 30 Jan [1871] Alfred Russel Wallace …
  • … Mivart’s criticism [ Genesis of species (1871)]. "The pendulum will now swing against us." …
  • … Darwin. 2 vols. London: John Murray. 1871. Variation : The variation of animals and plants …
  • … letter to St G.  J.  Mivart, 26 January [1871] and n.  5. CD refers to Variation . Mivart …
  • … in chapter 5 of Descent . See letter from St G.  J.  Mivart, 26 January 1871  and n.  8. …
  • … this letter and the letter from A.  R.  Wallace, 27 January 1871 . See letter from A.   …
  • … R.  Wallace, 27 January 1871 . See letter from A.   …
  • … R.  Wallace, 27 January 1871  and n.  2, and Descent 1: 405. CD doubted that the dull …
  • … letter to Francis Darwin, [after 21 January 1871] and nn.  2 and 4, and letters from St …
  • … G.  J.  Mivart, 22 January 1871 , 24  …
  • … January 1871 , and …
  • … 26 January 1871 . In Mivart 1871a , p.  10, Mivart referred to Wallace’s ‘noble self- …
  • … to Francis Darwin, [after 21 January 1871] and nn.  5 and 6. On the lungs as a modified …

To F. W. Farrar   19 May [1871]

Summary

Thanks for present of FWF’s The witness of history [1871].

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Frederic William Farrar
Date:  19 May [1871]
Classmark:  DAR 144: 42
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-7763

Matches: 6 hits

  • … To F.  W.  Farrar   19 May [1871] …
  • … DAR 144: 42 Charles Robert Darwin Down 19 May [1871] Frederic William Farrar …
  • … Thanks for present of FWF’s The witness of history [1871]. …
  • … is established by the reference to Farrar 1871 ( The witness of history to Christ: five …
  • … sermons preached before the University of Cambridge ). CD refers to Farrar 1871 . …
  • … Bibliography Farrar, Frederic William. 1871. The witness of history to Christ: five …

From G. H. Darwin   [3–9 March 1871]

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Summary

Comments on points made in Hensleigh Wedgwood’s letter [7470] on moral sense in Descent.

Author:  George Howard Darwin
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  [3–9 Mar 1871]
Classmark:  DAR 88: 37–40
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-7561

Matches: 14 hits

  • … From G.  H.  Darwin   [3–9 March 1871] …
  • … DAR 88: 37–40 George Howard Darwin unstated [3–9 Mar 1871] Charles Robert Darwin …
  • … and selection in relation to sex. By Charles Darwin. 2 vols. London: John Murray. 1871. …
  • … letter from Hensleigh Wedgwood, [3–9 March 1871] , ‘Neither do I see how a moral God would …
  • … this letter and the letters from Hensleigh Wedgwood , [before 3 March 1871] and [3– …
  • … 9 March 1871] , and the letters to …
  • … Hensleigh Wedgwood , 3 March [1871] and …
  • … 9 March 1871 . George refers to …
  • … from Hensleigh Wedgwood, [before 3 March 1871] , section beginning, ‘A pointer dog if able …
  • … to the letter to Hensleigh Wedgwood, 3 March [1871] ; the original has not been found. …
  • … from Hensleigh Wedgwood, [ before 3 March 1871] , section beginning, ‘It is probable that …
  • … letter from Hensleigh Wedgwood, [3–9 March 1871] , ‘the beginning of moral feeling is the …
  • … from Hensleigh Wedgwood, [before 3 March 1871] , that begins, ‘You make the pricking of …
  • … from Hensleigh Wedgwood, [3–9 March 1871] , section beginning, ‘Thus the moral feelings …

From Asa Gray   3 August 1871

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Summary

AG hopes to meet CD’s sons, who are visiting America.

Author:  Asa Gray
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  3 Aug 1871
Classmark:  DAR 165: 176
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-7894

Matches: 15 hits

  • … From Asa Gray   3 August 1871
  • … DAR 165: 176 Asa Gray Botanic Garden, Cambridge, Mass. 3 Aug 1871 Charles Robert Darwin …
  • … Botanic Garden, | Cambridge, Mass. Aug 3, | 1871 My Dear Darwin Thank you for apprising me …
  • … Darwin and Francis Darwin , who had sailed for New York on 29 July 1871 (see letter to …
  • … Asa Gray, 16 July [1871] ). Gray met George and Francis in New York on his way to a …
  • … of Science took place in Indianapolis from 16 August 1871; its proceedings were …
  • … published in September 1871 (see American …
  • … Naturalist 5 (1871): 385– 6, 510–13). Gray assumed the presidency of the association at …
  • … Harvard, built between February and December 1871 ( Dupree 1959 , p.  345; J.  L.  Gray  …
  • … See also letter from Asa Gray, 14 April 1871 . Gray had encouraged CD’s interest in the …
  • … 1875. [Packard, Alpheus Spring, Jr. ] 1871. The mammoth cave and its inhabitants. The …
  • … County, central Kentucky, see [Packard] 1871 ; Gray did not join the expedition as it was …
  • … 619). See letter to Asa Gray, 16 July [1871] ; the list has not been found. Gray refers to …
  • … the house of Joseph Howland at Matteawan, New York, in June 1871 ( letter from Jane Gray …
  • … to Susan Loring, 16 June 1871 (Archives of the Gray Herbarium, Box G:22)). Gray had …

From William Preyer   8 May 1871

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Summary

Delighted that CD does not hesitate to follow his theory to its last consequences. "This is far more difficult in England than in Germany."

Wilhelm Müller in his new book [Beiträge zur pathologischen Anatomie und Physiologie des menschlichen Rückenmarks (1871)], adduces many facts in favour of CD’s theory.

Various observations on the human ear. [See Descent, 2d ed., p. 14 n.]

Author:  William Thierry (William) Preyer
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  8 May 1871
Classmark:  DAR 87: 49–51
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-7745

Matches: 12 hits

  • … From William Preyer   8 May 1871
  • … DAR 87: 49–51 William Thierry (William) Preyer Jena 8 May 1871 Charles Robert Darwin …
  • … Darwin. 2 vols. London: John Murray. 1871. EB : The Encyclopædia Britannica. A dictionary …
  • … University Press. 1910–11. Müller, Wilhelm. 1871. Beiträge zur pathologischen Anatomie und …
  • … und Physiologie des menschlichen Rückenmarks (1871)], adduces many facts in favour of CD’s …
  • … See letter to William Preyer, 30 April 1871 . Preyer refers …
  • … to W.  Müller 1871 ; see letter from …
  • … William Preyer, 27 April 1871  and n.  5. The enclosed note from …
  • … Wilhelm Müller has not been found. See letter from William Preyer, 27 April 1871  and n.   …
  • … 7, and letter to William Preyer, 30 April 1871 . Carl Gegenbaur. CD cited Josef Hyrtl on …
  • … Jena May 8, 1871 Dear Sir, I am very thankful to you for your kind letter and the intended …
  • … See letter to William Preyer, 30 April 1871 . See the enclosed drawing. The reference is …

To Hinrich Nitsche   25 April [1871]

Summary

Thanks HN for photographs of his ears and one showing the form of the ears in a foetal orang. He will show them to a wood-engraver when a new edition of Descent is called for [see Descent, 2d ed., p. 17].

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Hinrich Nitsche
Date:  25 Apr [1871]
Classmark:  Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, Sondersammlungen (Sammlung Liebeskind/XI/29)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-7714

Matches: 9 hits

  • … To Hinrich Nitsche   25 April [1871] …
  • … Sammlung Liebeskind/XI/29) Charles Robert Darwin Down 25 Apr [1871] Hinrich Nitsche …
  • … and the letter from E.  R.  Lankester, 17 April [1871] . See letter from E.   …
  • … R.  Lankester, 17 April [1871] and n.  6. …
  • … and selection in relation to sex. By Charles Darwin. 2 vols. London: John Murray. 1871. …
  • … relationship between this letter and the letter from Hinrich Nitsche, 18 April 1871 . See …
  • … letter from Hinrich Nitsche, 18 April 1871  and enclosures. Nitsche had sent CD pictures …
  • … letter from Hinrich Nitsche, 18 April 1871 . CD did not publish the pictures of Nitsche’ …
  • … letter from Hinrich Nitsche, 18 April 1871  and n.  5. CD refers to Edwin Ray Lankester …

To John Murray   8 March [1871]

Summary

Asks what his profits on the reprints of Descent will be when half have been sold.

Good reviews in Saturday Review and Pall Mall Gazette;

contemptuous one as usual in Athenæum.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  John Murray
Date:  8 Mar [1871]
Classmark:  National Library of Scotland (John Murray Archive) (Ms. 42152 ff. 222–3)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-7555

Matches: 14 hits

  • … To John Murray   8 March [1871] …
  • … Murray Archive) (Ms. 42152 ff. 222–3) Charles Robert Darwin Down 8 Mar [1871] John Murray …
  • … Charles Darwin. 2 vols. London: John Murray. 1871. Freeman, Richard Broke. 1977. The works …
  • … Massey’s Concerning spiritualism ( Massey [1871] ). No letter from Massey has been found. …
  • … a week of publication (see letter from John Murray, 27 February [1871] , and letter to …
  • … Francis Darwin, [28 February 1871] ). CD’s presentation list for Descent has six names …
  • … Conn. : Archon Books, Shoe String Press. [Leifchild, John R. ] 1871. Review of Descent . …
  • … Athenæum 4 March 1871, pp. 275–7. …
  • … Massey, Gerald. [1871. ] Concerning spiritualism. London: J. Burns. …
  • … issue of Descent (see letter from John Murray, 27 February [1871] , letter to Francis …
  • … Darwin, [28 February 1871] , and Freeman 1977 ). CD’s copy of the …
  • … of Descent in the Saturday Review , 4 March 1871, pp.  276–7, is in DAR 226.2: 102–4. …
  • … s anonymous review in the Athenæum ( [Leifchild] 1871 ) is in DAR 226.2: 69–70. A …
  • … in the Pall Mall Gazette , 2 March 1871, p.  4. For a list of reviews of Descent , see …

From Archibald Geikie   24 December 1871

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Summary

Sends a paper on denudation ["On modern denudation", Trans. Geol. Soc. Glasgow 3 (1871): 153–90].

Author:  Archibald Geikie
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  24 Dec 1871
Classmark:  DAR 165: 24
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-8119

Matches: 6 hits

  • … From Archibald Geikie   24 December 1871
  • … DAR 165: 24 Archibald Geikie Edinburgh 24 Dec 1871 Charles Robert Darwin …
  • … paper on denudation ["On modern denudation", Trans. Geol. Soc. Glasgow 3 (1871): 153–90]. …
  • … See letter to Archibald Geikie, 20 December [1871] . Geikie refers to …
  • … Geikie 1868 ; see letter to Archibald Geikie, 20 December 1871  and n.  3. …
  • … Ramsay Lodge | Edinburgh 24 th . December 1871 My dear M r . Darwin You confer the favour …

From R. F. Cooke   26 April 1871

Summary

Believes heliotype process is best for book illustrations. Has sent copies [of Descent] to Loescher and Carus.

Is working on an estimate for the cheap [6th] edition of the Origin.

The Times review has not hurt sales of Descent.

Author:  Robert Francis Cooke; John Murray
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  26 Apr 1871
Classmark:  DAR 171: 396
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-7719

Matches: 11 hits

  • … From R.  F.  Cooke   26 April 1871
  • … Francis Cooke John Murray London, Albemarle St, 50a 26 Apr 1871 Charles Robert Darwin …
  • … to R.  F.  Cooke that has not been found; see letter from R.  F.  Cooke, 28 April 1871 . …
  • … Darwin. 2 vols. London: John Murray. 1871. Expression : The expression of the emotions in …
  • … See letter to R.  F.  Cooke, 22 April [1871] and nn.  2 and 3. Cooke refers to the plates …
  • … translation of Descent (Lessona trans.  1871) were later transferred from Ermanno Loescher …
  • … Pomba (see letter from Luigi Pomba, 6 May 1871 ). Julius Victor Carus was translating …
  • … Descent into German (Carus trans.  1871). See …
  • … letter from John Murray, 12 April [1871] and n.  2, and letter to J.   …
  • … V.  Carus, 25 April [1871] . Origin 6th ed.  was not published until February 1872 (see …
  • … 85. See letter to R.  F.  Cooke, 22 April [1871] and n.  8. This annotation may be a note …

To Francis Darwin   21 May [1871]

Summary

CD will pay for the American trip if it takes place.

Asks whether FD can help him understand the eyes of cephalopods; is the structure the same as in the Vertebrata and are the parts developed from homologous layers of skin?

Has been pleased by a recent review.

Postscript: Is thinking of a cheap edition of the Origin [1872] in which he hopes to answer St George Mivart’s criticisms.

Asks FD whether he can get some references to good papers on cephalapod eyes.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Francis Darwin
Date:  21 May [1871]
Classmark:  DAR 211: 7–8
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-7765

Matches: 15 hits

  • … To Francis Darwin   21 May [1871] …
  • … DAR 211: 7–8 Charles Robert Darwin Down 21 May [1871] Francis Darwin …
  • … in relation to sex. By Charles Darwin. 2 vols. London: John Murray. 1871. Goodman, …
  • … Neville. 1871. Review of Descent , St. G. Mivart, Genesis of species and A. R. Wallace, …
  • … a trip to the United States; see letter from G.  H.  Darwin, [14 May 1871] and n.  1. On …
  • … see the letter to Francis Darwin, 16 May [1871] . George Howard Darwin and Norman Moore . …
  • … a cheap edition of Origin (see letter to R.  F.  Cooke, 22  April [1871] , letter to John …
  • … Murray, 23 April [1871] , and letter from R.   …
  • … F.  Cooke, 26 April 1871 ). CD refers to St George Jackson Mivart and to Mivart 1871a . …
  • … to Francis Darwin, [after 21 January 1871] ). No review by Pryor has been been found. …
  • … Mivart 1871a , and Wallace 1871b by Neville Goodman ( Goodman 1871 ); it appeared …
  • … in the May 1871 issue of Journal of Anatomy and Physiology edited by George Murray …
  • … seemed to contradict his theory ( Goodman 1871 , pp.  363, 365–6). CD briefly mentioned …
  • … Balfour and John William Strutt . See letter from G.  H.  Darwin, [14 May 1871] . See …
  • … letter to Francis Darwin, 16 May [1871] and n.  4. CD had corresponded with John Murray …

From Francis Galton   13 September 1871

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Summary

Is turning to experiments with rats, "Siamesed together" for cross-circulation.

Author:  Francis Galton
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  13 Sept 1871
Classmark:  DAR 105: A33–4
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-7938

Matches: 13 hits

  • … From Francis Galton   13 September 1871
  • … DAR 105: A33–4 Francis Galton London, Rutland Gate, 42 13 Sept 1871 Charles Robert Darwin …
  • … the letter to Francis Galton, 14 April [1871] . Galton refers to CD’s holiday at Haredene, …
  • … Appendix II)). See letter from Emma Darwin to Roland Trimen, [22 August 1871] . See letter …
  • … from Francis Galton to Francis Darwin, 7 April 1871 . See …
  • … letter from Francis Galton, 9 January 1871 , n.  1. Galton’s …
  • … see letter from Francis Galton, 21 November 1871 ); he replaced Oscar Louis Fraser , who …
  • … Bibliography Galton, Francis. 1871. Experiments in pangenesis, by breeding from rabbits of …
  • … been largely transfused. [Read 30 March 1871. ] Proceedings of the Royal Society of London …
  • … left London for India in April 1871 (see …
  • … Galton 1871 , p.  305, and …
  • … Francis Galton to Francis Darwin, 7 April 1871  and n.  4). The old English or black rat …
  • … Richard Buckley Litchfield on 31 August 1871 (see CD’s ‘Journal’ (Appendix II)). The …

To Fritz Müller   2 August [1871]

Summary

Opinions on Descent.

Sexual selection and mimicry in Lepidoptera; sexual selection as an aid to protective imitation.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Johann Friedrich Theodor (Fritz) Müller
Date:  2 Aug [1871]
Classmark:  The British Library (Loan MS 10 no 34)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-7892

Matches: 15 hits

  • … To Fritz Müller   2 August [1871] …
  • … Darwin Haredene Down letterhead 2 Aug [1871] Johann Friedrich Theodor (Fritz) Müller …
  • … the relationship between this letter and the letter from Fritz Müller, 14 June 1871 . See …
  • … letter from Fritz Müller, 14 June 1871 . See …
  • … letter from Fritz Müller, 14 June 1871  and n.  1. For reviews of Descent see …
  • … see letter to A.  R.  Wallace, 1 August [1871] . Müller never produced such a volume, but …
  • … at Haredene from 28 July until 25 August 1871 (see ‘Journal’ (Appendix II)). CD worked on …
  • … Origin 6th ed.  between 18 June and 29 October 1871, but noted he had ‘lost two months by …
  • … in relation to sex. By Charles Darwin. 2 vols. London: John Murray. 1871. Hooker, …
  • … Joseph Dalton. 1871. Abutilon Darwinii . Native of south Brazil. Curtis’s Botanical …
  • … Correspondence vols.  15 and 16. See letter from Fritz Müller, 14 June 1871  and n.  4. …
  • … See letter from Fritz Müller, 14 June 1871 . In Descent 2d ed. , p.  317, CD added Müller’ …
  • … colour. See letter from Fritz Müller, 14 June 1871  and nn.  17 and 18. CD did not add the …
  • … by Joseph Dalton Hooker as Abutilon darwinii ( Hooker 1871 ; see plate on p. 515). See …
  • … letter from J.  D.  Hooker, 26 March 1871  and nn.  1 and 2. In Cross and self …
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Darwin in letters, 1871: An emptying nest

Summary

The year 1871 was an extremely busy and productive one for Darwin, with the publication in February of his long-awaited book on human evolution, Descent of man. The other main preoccupation of the year was the preparation of his manuscript on expression.…

Matches: 30 hits

  • … The year 1871 was an extremely busy and productive one for Darwin, seeing the …
  • … promotes the sale’ ( letter from J. D. Hooker, 26 March 1871 ). The profits for Darwin were …
  • … first two printings, Darwin wrote to Murray on 20 March 1871 , ‘It is quite a grand trade to be a …
  • … in memory of the book’ ( letter to H. E. Darwin, 20 March 1871 ). Reaction …
  • … to read it ( letter from James Crichton-Browne, 19 February 1871 ). The African explorer and …
  • … pleasant or not’ (letter from W. W. Reade, 21 February 1871). The geologist William Boyd Dawkins …
  • … to buy them’ ( letter from W. B. Dawkins, 23 February 1871 ). Thomas Henry Huxley marvelled that …
  • … tide-marks!’ ( letter from T. H. Huxley, 20 February 1871 ). Asa Gray remarked, somewhat …
  • … and pointed ears”  (letter from Asa Gray, 14 April 1871) Like his previous book,  …
  • … arms and legs ( letter from C. L. Bernays, 25 February 1871 ). Samples of hair arrived from …
  • … his head ( letter from W. B. Tegetmeier, [before 25 April 1871] )). Hinrich Nitsche, ‘the lucky …
  • … orang-utan foetus ( letter from Hinrich Nitsche, 18 April 1871 ). Darwin thought he might use the …
  • … poor return’ ( letter to Hinrich Nitsche, 25 April [1871] ). Animal anecdotes appeared in …
  • … space each morning ( letter from Arthur Nicols, 7 March 1871 ; letter from B. J. Sulivan, 11 …
  • … of beauty ( letter from E. J. Pfeiffer, [before 26 April 1871] ). Roland Trimen, a long-time …
  • … in the past ( letter from Roland Trimen, 17 and 18 April 1871 ). Candid disagreement …
  • … were raised to a high pitch, as Innes wrote on 26 May 1871 about the darker races arising …
  • … as far as this goes’ ( letter to J. B. Innes, 29 May [1871] ). On religion and morality …
  • … Creator made it’ ( letter from George Morrish, 18 March 1871 ). Darwin received an anonymous …
  • … Descent  ( letter from a child of God, [after 24 February 1871] ). Yet some continued to …
  • … religious feeling’ ( letter from F. E. Abbot, 20 August 1871 ). The Anglican clergyman and …
  • … brethren’ ( letter from George Henslow, 5 December 1871 ). Ernst Haeckel boasted of his month …
  • … monkey !’ ( letter from Ernst Haeckel, 21 December 1871 ). Descent  was extensively …
  • … independent of all times and all circumstances’ (8 April 1871, p. 5). Darwin condemned the author of …
  • … & classics’ ( letter to John Murray, 13 April [1871] ). But a similar point was made by …
  • … the killing of some members of a hive a duty (Cobbe 1871, pp. 174, 188–9). Darwin was particularly …
  • … by culture, not biology ( letter from John Morley, 30 March 1871 ). Reaction at home …
  • … its master. ( Letter from Hensleigh Wedgwood, [3–9 March 1871] .) Some of Darwin’s …
  • … to me’ ( letter to Hensleigh Wedgwood, 9 March 1871 ). A widening rift By far the …
  • … 1871a), which appeared just prior to  Descent  in early 1871. ‘I daresay it will tell heavily …

Darwin’s queries on expression

Summary

When Darwin resumed systematic research on emotions around 1866, he began to collect observations more widely and composed a list of queries on human expression. A number of handwritten copies were sent out in 1867 (see, for example, letter to Fritz Muller…

Matches: 14 hits

  • … Blair, R.H. 11 July 1871 Worcester College for the …
  • … Brooke, C.A.J. 30 April 1871 Sarawak, Borneo …
  • … Chaumont, F.S.B.F. de 11 March 1871 Woolston, …
  • … Crichton-Browne, James 3 April 1871 West Riding …
  • … Donders, F.C. 28 March 1871 Utrecht, Netherlands …
  • … Foster, Michael 4 June [1871] Trinity College, …
  • … Gray, Asa 14 April 1871 Cambridge, Massachusetts, …
  • … Gray, Asa 10 & 14 March [1871] Cambridge, …
  • … Mivart, G.J. 26 Jan 1871 North Bank, London, England …
  • … Reade, Winwood W. 1 Feb 1871 11 St Mary Abbot's …
  • … Rejlander, O.G. [1871] Victoria Street, London, …
  • … Smith, Andrew 1 Feb. 1871 11 Saint Mary Abbot's …
  • … Smith, Andrew 17 April 1871 16 Alexander Square, …
  • … Swinhoe, Robert 14 March 1871 33 Oakley Square, …

Frank Chance

Summary

The Darwin archive not only contains letters, manuscript material, photographs, books and articles but also all sorts of small, dry specimens, mostly enclosed with letters. Many of these enclosures have become separated from the letters or lost altogether,…

Matches: 6 hits

  • … first is undated but we know it was written before 25 April 1871 because Darwin alluded to a case …
  • … report by the pigeon-fancier W. B. Tegetmeier, 25 April [1871] . In his letter Chance is …
  • … (Letter from Frank Chance, [before 25 April 1871] ) Responding to this meticulous self …
  • … were very rare. When we were editing volume 19 (1871), Chance’s enclosure of beard and …
  • … : In your work on the ""Descent of Man"" (ed. 1871) ii. 298, 299, in …
  • … followed up on a similar case that CD had observed on 13 May 1871. William’s letter of 5 June 1871

4.17 'Figaro', unidentifiable 1871

Summary

< Back to Introduction Yet another portrayal of Darwin as a tree-dwelling ape was published in The Figaro in October 1871, and titled ‘A Darwinian hypothesis’. The image survives in a torn page in the Darwin archive, but it has so far proved…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … tree-dwelling ape was published in The Figaro in October 1871, and titled ‘A Darwinian …
  • … date of creation October 1871 
 computer-readable date 1871-10-01 to 1871-10-27 
 …

Darwin’s favourite photographer: From O. G. Rejlander, 30 April 1871

Summary

In the 1860s Darwin began collecting photographs of emotional expression. They seemed to capture fleeting movements of the face, and allowed him to observe with more detachment. But the technology was still new. Even under the best conditions, exposure…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … In the 1860s Darwin began collecting photographs of emotional expression. They seemed to capture …

Animals, ethics, and the progress of science

Summary

Darwin’s view on the kinship between humans and animals had important ethical implications. In Descent, he argued that some animals exhibited moral behaviour and had evolved mental powers analogous to conscience. He gave examples of cooperation, even…

Matches: 3 hits

  • … sleep to-night’ ( letter to E. R. Lankester, 22 March [1871] ). In Descent , Darwin described …
  • … perseverance’ ( letter to Nature , [before 27 April 1871] ). When Galton could no longer look …
  • … ‘Siamesing’ ( letter from Francis Galton, 13 September 1871 ). Several years later, proof …

Henrietta Emma Darwin

Summary

Henrietta “Etty” Darwin (1843–1927) was the eldest of Charles Darwin’s daughters to reach adulthood. She married Richard Buckley Litchfield in 1871. She was a valued editor to her father as well as companion and correspondent to both of her parents.…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … reach adulthood. She married Richard Buckley Litchfield in 1871. She was a valued editor to her …
  • … by her father for his scientific writing, particularly his 1871 work,   The Descent of Man .  In …

Cross and self fertilisation

Summary

The effects of cross and self fertilisation in the vegetable kingdom, published on 10 November 1876, was the result of a decade-long project to provide evidence for Darwin’s belief that ‘‘Nature thus tells us, in the most emphatic manner, that she abhors…

Matches: 4 hits

  • … of self-fertilisation’ ( To J. D. Hooker, 23 July [1871] ). Darwin also informed Müller of this …
  • … in his hothouse ( To Fritz Müller, 2 August [1871] ). By late 1871, Darwin was already …
  • … generations’ ( To Federico Delpino, 22 November 1871 ). Delpino replied that he looked forward to …
  • … and horticulture ( From Federico Delpino, 5 December 1871 ). When Darwin began writing in February …

Darwin and the Church

Summary

The story of Charles Darwin’s involvement with the church is one that is told far too rarely. It shows another side of the man who is more often remembered for his personal struggles with faith, or for his role in large-scale controversies over the…

Matches: 5 hits

  • … [1850] and n. 6; and letter to J. B. Innes, 29 May [1871] ). Their true friendship does …
  • … request favourably—’ (letter from J. B. Innes, 26 May 1871 ). Indeed Innes had such a high …
  • … school and organ funds (letter to J. B. Innes, 13 January 1871 ). Down’s next clergyman …
  • … very dull sermons’ (letter to J. B. Innes, 18 January [1871] ). Mr Powell was happy to take up …
  • … qualifications’ (letter from J. B. Innes, 5 June 1871 ). Particularly in the early days of …

Moral Nature

Summary

In Descent of Man, Darwin argued that human morality had evolved from the social instincts of animals, especially the bonds of sympathy and love. Darwin gathered observations over many decades on animal behavior: the heroic sacrifices of social insects,…

Matches: 8 hits

  • … Letter 7048 : Darwin, W. E., to Darwin, C. R., [April? 1871] In Descent of man (1: 71 …
  • … Letter 7645 : Morley, John to Darwin, 30 March 1871 The politician and man of letters, …
  • … of Descent of Man in the Pall Mall Gazette (Morley 1871). Darwin admired the review, and …
  • … Letter 7685 : Darwin to Morley, John, 14 April [1871] "When I speak of intellectual …
  • … Letter 7691 , Morley, John, to Darwin, 17 April 1871 "I don't think Mr. Mill& …
  • … 7470 : Wedgwood, Hensleigh to Darwin, [before 3 March 1871] Darwin exchanged long letters …
  • … Letter 7537 : Darwin, C. R. to Wenslow, Hensleigh, 3 March [1871] Using the example of …
  • … 3. [ available at Darwinonline ] Cobbe, F. P. 1871. 'Darwinism in morals'. …

Strange things sent to Darwin in the post

Summary

Some of the stranger things Darwin received in the post can tell us a lot about how Darwin worked at home. In 1863, Darwin was very excited when the ornithologist Alfred Newton sent him a diseased, red-legged partridge foot with an enormous ball of clay…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … have germinated out of the dung ’.   In 1871, Darwin asked Ray Lankester to …
  • … enclosed with the letter from Hinrich Nitsche, 18 April 1871 (DAR 87: 46r) In Variation …

Darwin and vivisection

Summary

Darwin played an important role in the controversy over vivisection that broke out in late 1874. Public debate was sparked when the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals brought an unsuccessful prosecution against a French physiologist who…

Matches: 3 hits

  • … heart’ ( Correspondence vol. 19, letter to ?, 19 May [1871] ). As a magistrate in Down, he had …
  • … vol. 19, letter to E. R. Lankester, 22 March [1871] ). In the same year, Darwin had published …
  • … of the British Association for the Advancement of Science in 1871 that outlined principles for …

Experimenting with emotions

Summary

Darwin’s interest in emotions can be traced as far back as the Beagle voyage. He was fascinated by the sounds and gestures of the peoples of Tierra del Fuego. On his return, he started recording observations in a set of notebooks, later labelled '…

Matches: 3 hits

  • … on his behalf. The emotional specimen In 1871, Darwin contacted the German …
  • … round them’ ( letter to A. D. Kindermann, [27 March 1871] ). Darwin had begun collecting …
  • … relation” (letter from Michael Foster, 4 June [1871] ). Making experiments familiar …

Henrietta Darwin's diary

Summary

Darwin's daughter Henrietta kept a diary for a few momentous weeks in 1871. This was the year in which Descent of Man, the most controversial of her father's books after Origin itself, appeared, a book which she had helped him write. The small…

Matches: 8 hits

  • … wrote the following journal entries in March and July 1871 in a small lockable, leather-bound …
  • … by Henrietta herself. Darwin’s letters in 1870 and 1871 ( Correspondence , vols 18 and 19) …
  • … missions due to take place between 26 February and 5 March 1871 in four towns within the deanery of …
  • … from Charles and Emma Darwin to F. J. Wedgwood, [March 1871?], and letter from F. J. Wedgwood to H. …
  • … University Library. Henrietta Darwin | March 1871 1871 March— Sea Grove …
  • … away what they have no equivalent for. July 4th 1871. How hard it is to wait—the …
  • … I think I am a very happy woman. Sunday July 9 th . 1871 I want to think why I shd …
  • … mission leaders in the  Hampshire Advertiser , 21 January 1871, p. 7. 4 Probably John …

William Winwood Reade

Summary

On 19 May 1868, an African explorer and unsuccessful novelist, William Winwoode Reade (1838–1875) offered to help Darwin, and started a correspondence and, arguably, a collaboration, that would last until Reade's death. After a first 1861 tour of…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … of it" – Winwood Reade to Charles Darwin, 31 January 1871 ) and sought Darwin’s advice on …

Women as a scientific audience

Summary

Target audience? | Female readership | Reading Variation Darwin's letters, in particular those exchanged with his editors and publisher, reveal a lot about his intended audience. Regardless of whether or not women were deliberately targeted as a…

Matches: 5 hits

  • … Letter 7624 - Bathoe, M . B. to Darwin, [25 March 1871] Mary Bathoe responds …
  • … Letter 7644 - Barnard, A. to Darwin, [30 March 1871] J. S. Henslow’s daughter, …
  • … 7651 - Wedgwood, F. J. to Darwin, H. E., [1 April 1871] Frances Wedgwood offers …
  • … 7411 - Pfeiffer, E. J. to Darwin, [before 26 April 1871] The poet Emily Pfeiffer …
  • … Letter 8055 - Hennell, S. S. to Darwin, [7 November 1871] Sarah Hennell writes to Darwin …

Francis Galton

Summary

Galton was a naturalist, statistician, and evolutionary theorist. He was a second cousin of Darwin’s, having descended from his grandfather, Erasmus. Born in Birmingham in 1822, Galton studied medicine at King’s College, London, and also read mathematics…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … his results tended to disprove Darwin’s theory (Galton 1871). This brought a quick rejoinder from …
  • … together to facilitate cross-circulation ( 13 September 1871 ). His views on inheritance continued …

Diagrams and drawings in letters

Summary

Over 850 illustrations from the printed volumes of The Correspondence of Charles Darwin have been added to the online transcripts of the letters. The contents include maps, diagrams, drawings, sketches and photographs, covering geological, botanical,…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … of sexual differences in viviparous fish,  [before 1 June 1871] Fritz Müller's …

Capturing Darwin’s voice: audio of selected letters

Summary

On a sunny Wednesday in June 2011 in a makeshift recording studio somewhere in Cambridge, we were very pleased to welcome Terry Molloy back to the Darwin Correspondence Project for a special recording session. Terry, known for his portrayal of Davros in Dr…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … politely worded rebuke to St G. J. Mivart ( 21 April [1871] ) for  the inadequacies, as Darwin saw …

Have you read the one about....

Summary

... the atheistical cats, or the old fogies in Cambridge? We've suggested a few - some funny, some serious - but all letters you can read here.

Matches: 1 hits

  • … ... the atheistical cats, or the old fogies in Cambridge? We've suggested a few - some funny, some …
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