To J. J. Weir 18 April [1868]
Summary
Discusses rapid replacement of mates among birds. "I begin to think that the pairing of birds must be as delicate and tedious an operation as the pairing of young gentlemen and ladies. If I can convince myself that there are habitually many unpaired birds it will be a great aid to me in sexual selection". Notes rivalry of singing birds.
Heard from George Rolleston of the inherited effects of an eye injury.
Disagrees with A. R. Wallace’s idea "that birds learn to make their nests from having seen them whilst young" ["The philosophy of birds’ nests", Intellect. Obs. 11 (1867): 413–20].
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | John Jenner Weir |
Date: | 18 Apr [1868] |
Classmark: | Duke University, Rubenstein Rare Book and Manuscript Library (RL.10387) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-6128 |
Matches: 12 hits
- … To J. J. Weir 18 April [1868] …
- … between this letter and the letter from J. J. Weir, 5 April 1868 . See letters from J. …
- … 85: B103). See letter from J. J. Weir, 5 April 1868 . CD refers to Edward Jenner . CD …
- … selection. See letter from J. J. Weir, [14 April 1868] . CD included the information in …
- … missing part of the letter from J. J. Weir, 5 April 1868 , or the letter from J. J. …
- … J. Weir, 5 April 1868 , [14 April 1868] , and 16 April 1868 . See letter from J. J. …
- … to W. D. Fox, 25 February [1868] , the letter to J. J. Weir, 29 February [1868] , and …
- … letter from J. J. Weir, 5 April 1868 and n. 6. See letter from J. J. Weir, 5 April …
- … Weir, [14 April 1868] . For earlier discussion of bullfinch behaviour, see the letters from J. J. …
- … Weir, [before 3] March 1868 and [before 5] March 1868 . See letter from J. J. …
- … Weir, 4 April [1868] and n. 4. See letter from J. J. Weir, 16 April 1868 . In a note …
- … Weir, 16 April 1868 and n. 9. CD refers to Abraham Dee Bartlett ; see letter to J. J. …
To J. J. Weir 7 May [1868]
Summary
Thanks JJW for his great assistance.
Discusses sexual selection in birds.
Sends queries on secondary sexual characteristics of birds.
Has often marvelled at the different growth of the flowering and creeping branches of ivy.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | John Jenner Weir |
Date: | 7 May [1868] |
Classmark: | American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-6165 |
Matches: 12 hits
- … To J. J. Weir 7 May [1868] …
- … to him: see letters from J. J. Weir, 20 April 1868 , [before 28 April] 1868 , 28 April – …
- … letter and the letter from J. J. Weir, [4–7] May 1868 . Weir had written four letters to …
- … 6. See letter from J. J. Weir, 28 April – 4 May 1868 . CD probably refers to Marcgravia …
- … 1: 417 (see letter from J. J. Weir, 24 March 1868 ). In Descent 1: 395, CD cited Weir’s …
- … were damaged (see letter from J. J. Weir, [before 5] March 1868 ). According to CD’s ‘ …
- … Weir, 20 April 1868 . See letter from J. J. Weir, [before 28 April] 1868 . The …
- … J. J. Weir, 27 February [1868] and 29 February [1868] , and letter from J. J. Weir, [ …
- … on 17 May 1868. See letter from J. J. Weir, [4–7] May 1868 . See letter to J. J. …
- … Weir, [4–7] May 1868 . See letter from J. J. …
- … letter to CD of 20 April 1868. See letter from J. J. Weir, [4–7] May 1868 and n. 4. …
- … Weir, 4 April [1868] and n. 4. The letter to Abraham Dee Bartlett has not been found. See letter from J. J. …
To J. J. Weir 30 May [1868]
Summary
Glad to have JJW’s opinion on nest-building. Wallace’s view [that skill is learned] is opposed to many facts.
Asks JJW about birds and their behaviour.
Wants information on the first plumage of different breeds of canaries.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | John Jenner Weir |
Date: | 30 May [1868] |
Classmark: | University of Chicago Library, Special Collections Research Center (Joseph Halle Schaffner collection box 1, folder 2) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-6215 |
Matches: 8 hits
- … To J. J. Weir 30 May [1868] …
- … J. Weir, 5 June 1868 ). …
- … W. Bates, 21 May [1868] . Weir apparently did not visit Down in June (see letter to J. …
- … 238). See letter from J. J. Weir, [14 April 1868] . CD discussed the relation between …
- … 1868] and n. 7). See also letter to J. J. Weir, 18 April [1868] , and letter from J. …
- … J. Weir, 20 April 1868 . See letter from J. J. …
- … from Edward Blyth, 18 May 1868 . See letter from J. J. Weir, [before 30 May 1868] ; …
- … Weir, 18 May 1868 , and letter from Edward Blyth, 18 May 1868 and nn. 4 and 5. Blyth actually wrote to CD about Pavo spiciferus. See also letter from J. J. …
From J. J. Weir 31 March 1868
Summary
Sexual behaviour of chaffinches.
Numbers of female linnets in September.
His experiments on brightly coloured larvae [as food], testing A. R. Wallace’s theory.
His observations of a rookery make him wonder whether it may not be more difficult than we think for birds to pair.
Author: | John Jenner Weir |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 31 Mar 1868 |
Classmark: | DAR 46.1: 98–101, DAR 84.1: 69–70 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-6074 |
Matches: 7 hits
- … From J. J. Weir 31 March 1868 …
- … See letter to J. J. Weir, 27 March [1868] and n. 3. See …
- … 7. See letter to J. J. Weir, 27 March [1868] and n. 6. Weir later published two papers …
- … Wallace . See letter to J. J. Weir, 27 March [1868] . Muscicapa griseola (now M. …
- … Weir, 27 March [1868] . See letter to J. J. Weir, 27 March [1868] and n. …
- … letter from J. J. Weir, [26] March 1868 and n. 4. See also letter to J. J. …
- … J Jenner Weir C Darwin Esq re . 1.1 As … Ping— 2.2] crossed pencil 3.2 the season I … larvæ. — 7.2] crossed pencil 8.1 You ask … year? — 11.4] crossed pencil 12.1 In a similar] ‘Mar 31 1868 | …
From J. J. Weir 16 March 1868
Author: | John Jenner Weir |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 16 Mar 1868 |
Classmark: | DAR 84.1: 57–60 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-6016 |
Matches: 5 hits
- … From J. J. Weir 16 March 1868 …
- … or chicken. See letter from J. J. Weir, 24 March 1868 . See letter to J. J. Weir, 13 …
- … See letter from J. J. Weir, 11 March 1868 . Weir’s brother was Harrison Weir. CD cited …
- … 2: 109. See letter to J. J. Weir, 13 March [1868] and n. 5. Weir refers to Mareca …
- … s observation. See letter to J. J. Weir, 29 February [1868] . The family Gallinaceae or …
To J. J. Weir 22 March [1868]
Summary
Glad to hear about pigeons. Did not know some birds could win affections of females more than others, except among peacocks.
Comments on polygamy in birds.
Discusses sex ratios among birds.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | John Jenner Weir |
Date: | 22 Mar [1868] |
Classmark: | Private collection |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-6038 |
Matches: 5 hits
- … To J. J. Weir 22 March [1868] …
- … between this letter and the letter from J. J. Weir, 16 March 1868 . See letter from J. …
- … Harrison Weir. See letter from J. J. Weir, 16 March 1868 . Robert Heron discussed mate …
- … J. Weir, 16 March 1868 . CD refers to the British Museum . J. J. Weir’s brother was …
- … Hewitt , [ c. 22 March 1868]. See letter from J. J. Weir, 16 March 1868 and nn. 6 and …
To J. J. Weir 4 April [1868]
Summary
CD thanks JJW for the mine of information his last "ten!" letters contain. Comments on sexual display of pheasants and colour preferences of pigeons.
Asks about hens that pair earliest in spring and about possible existence of unpaired birds.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | John Jenner Weir |
Date: | 4 Apr [1868] |
Classmark: | American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-6090 |
Matches: 8 hits
- … To J. J. Weir 4 April [1868] …
- … J. Weir, 7 March 1868 , 23 March 1868 , and 31 March 1868 . …
- … J. Weir, 24 March 1868 ), CD had asked whether he should forward Weir’s letter to …
- … the results (see letter to J. J. Weir, 27 March [1868] , and letter from J. J. Weir, …
- … J. Weir, 11 March 1868 . The order Gallinaceae included fowls, pheasants, and quail, and …
- … 1868 and 31 March 1868. Alfred Russel Wallace had asked Weir to carry out experiments to test Wallace’s theory that brightly coloured caterpillars would be refused by birds (see Correspondence vol. 15, letter from A. R. Wallace, 24 February [1867] and n. 4). After receiving Weir’s preliminary results ( letter from J. …
- … Weir, 28 March 1868 . Dun Hen Carrier: a female dun-coloured pigeon. The information on the pigeon is cited in Descent 2: 118. Roland Trimen visited CD in London on 25 March 1868 (see letter to Roland Trimen, [21 March 1868] ). See letter from Edward Hewitt, 28 March 1868 . In Descent 2: 117, CD cited Hewitt on the indifference of female birds to the beauty of male plumage. See letters from J. …
- … 1868 (see ‘Journal’ ( Correspondence vol. 16, Appendix II)). In a note dated 28 March, CD cited Abraham Dee Bartlett of the Zoological Gardens, Regent’s Park: ‘Mr Bartlett … instanced the Gold pheasant which exhibits his splendid frill & turns from side to side before female bird. ’ (DAR 84:2: 198. ) For Weir’s description of display in members of the Fringillidae, see the letter from J. …
To J. J. Weir 27 March [1868]
Summary
Thanks for information [about sex ratios] received from bird-catchers.
"Can you form any theory about all the many cases which you have given me and others which have been published, of when one pair is killed, another soon appearing?"
Facts about gay-coloured caterpillars very satisfactory.
Comments on Pangenesis.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | John Jenner Weir |
Date: | 27 Mar [1868] |
Classmark: | Linnean Society of London (Quentin Keynes Collection) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-6059 |
Matches: 7 hits
- … To J. J. Weir 27 March [1868] …
- … this letter and the letter from J. J. Weir, [26] March 1868 . See letters from J. …
- … J. Weir, 23 March 1868 and n. 6. Weir’s information was not added to three of the four …
- … his letter of 24 February 1868 . See letter from J. J. Weir, 23 March 1868 and n. 2. …
- … J. Weir, 23 March 1868 , 24 March 1868 , and [26] March 1868 . See letter from J. J. …
- … Weir, [26] March 1868 and n. 7. See letter from J. J. Weir, 23 March 1868 . In a note …
- … 1868 (DAR 84.2: 209). In Descent 1: 259, CD mentioned the information on nightingales. See letter from J. J. Weir, 24 March 1868 and n. 1. The reference is to Alfred Russel Wallace . See letter from J. …
From J. J. Weir 7 March 1868
Summary
Various facts about birds: pairing, finding new mates, protective coloration, polygamy, sexual differences.
Author: | John Jenner Weir |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 7 Mar 1868 |
Classmark: | DAR 86: A21–4 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-5995 |
From J. J. Weir [before 28 April] 1868
Summary
Proportion of sexes in chaffinches.
Pugnacity of blackbirds and robins.
Harrison Weir reports up to nine eggs in starling nests.
Newspaper report of a sheep born with its owner’s brand.
Author: | John Jenner Weir |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | [before 28 Apr] 1868 |
Classmark: | DAR 86: C1–2, DAR 84.1: 73–4 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-6078 |
Matches: 4 hits
- … From J. J. Weir [before 28 April] 1868 …
- … imagination’, see the letter from J. J. Weir, 5 April 1868 . See also letter to J. J. …
- … letter and the letter from J. J. Weir, 28 April–4 May 1868 . For more on Spitalfields, …
- … see the letter from J. J. Weir, [before 5] March 1868 ). In Descent 2: 121, CD referred …
From J. J. Weir 18 May 1868
Summary
Answers CD’s question on whether any female birds regularly sing.
Author: | John Jenner Weir |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 18 May 1868 |
Classmark: | DAR 84.1: 81–2, DAR 86: A37–8 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-6181 |
From J. J. Weir [before 5] March 1868
Summary
Does not think females give preference to any males. Coloration, pugnacity; cases of use of colour in struggle for existence. [see Descent 1: 395.]
Author: | John Jenner Weir |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | [before 5] Mar 1868 |
Classmark: | DAR 82: A109–12 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-5985 |
Matches: 5 hits
- … From J. J. Weir [before 5] March 1868 …
- … OED ). See letter to J. J. Weir, 27 February [1868] . Henry Walter Bates and Frederic …
- … for Colias edusa (see n. 5, above). See letter to J. J. Weir, [6 March 1868] and n. 7. …
- … this letter and the letter to J. J. Weir, [6 March 1868] . Weir’s name appears on CD’s …
- … 16, Appendix IV). See letter to J. J. Weir, 29 February [1868] and letter from J. J. …
From J. J. Weir 20 April 1868
Summary
Instinct in birds; nest-building.
Inheritance of acquired characters.
Author: | John Jenner Weir |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 20 Apr 1868 |
Classmark: | DAR 181: 76 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-6130 |
Matches: 4 hits
- … From J. J. Weir 20 April 1868 …
- … mentioning circular letters has been found. See letter to J. J. Weir, 18 April [1868] . …
- … J. Weir, 18 April [1868] and n. 14). See letter to J. J. Weir, 18 April [1868] and …
- … 1868 , Weir had told CD that Percy J. Weir had been born with a mark on his knee resembling a scar Weir himself had as the result of an accident. Weir refers to the popular belief in maternal imagination as the source of various deformities (see letter to J. …
From J. J. Weir [14 April 1868]
Author: | John Jenner Weir |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | [14 Apr 1868] |
Classmark: | DAR 84.1: 88–9 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-6152 |
To J. J. Weir [6 March 1868]
Summary
Discusses beaks and relative numbers of the sexes of goldfinches.
Comments on sexual selection among butterflies.
Mentions Kerguelen moth collected by Hooker.
Comments on JJW’s observations on coloured birds.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | John Jenner Weir |
Date: | [6 Mar 1868] |
Classmark: | American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.348) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-5986 |
Matches: 5 hits
- … To J. J. Weir [6 March 1868] …
- … J. Weir, [before 5] March 1868 and n. 11. CD had noted, referring to Joseph Dalton …
- … J. J. Weir, [before 3] March 1868 and [before 5] March 1868 . See letter from J. J. …
- … Weir, [before 3] March 1868 and n. 5. See letter from J. J. Weir, [before 5] March …
- … 1868] . In his letter of [before 5] March 1868 , Weir had mentioned Triphaena pronuba (now Noctua pronuba ), the large yellow underwing moth, being chased by a robin in his aviary. Alfred Russel Wallace had made the suggestion in an article on protective mimicry ([A. R. Wallace] 1867b, p. 16). CD referred to Weir’s and Wallace’s remarks in Descent 1: 395. See letter from J. …
To J. J. Weir 18 June [1868]
Summary
CD thanks JJW for letter about the crimson breast of linnets
and the fate of a pugnacious female bullfinch.
Refers to JJW’s pointing out the number of Jenners and Weirs who have been naturalists, and cites some writings by men of those families about striking cases of birds.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | John Jenner Weir |
Date: | 18 June [1868] |
Classmark: | American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-6250 |
From J. J. Weir [after 27 February] 1868
Summary
Trusts his paper ["Apterous Lepidoptera" (1867), printed for the West Kent Natural History, Microscopical, and Photographic Society] showed that he is thoroughly a disciple of CD.
Cites evidence that birds undoubtedly distinguish colours. [see Descent 2: 110.]
Author: | John Jenner Weir |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | [after 27 Feb] 1868 |
Classmark: | DAR 84.1: 77–80 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-5939 |
Matches: 4 hits
- … From J. J. Weir [after 27 February] 1868 …
- … letter and the letter to J. J. Weir, 27 February [1868] . Weir refers to Weir 1867 . …
- … See letter to J. J. Weir, 27 February [1868] and n. 1. Harrison William Weir . CD …
- … weaver. See letter to J. J. Weir, 27 February [1868] and n. 4. Vidua erythrorhynchus is …
From J. J. Weir [before 18 June 1868]
Author: | John Jenner Weir |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | [before 18 June 1868] |
Classmark: | DAR 84.1: 141–2 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-6249 |
From J. J. Weir [before 17] October 1868
Summary
Both sexes of Crossoptilon auritum (eared pheasant) obtained the red cheeks the first year.
Coloration of the linnet.
Author: | John Jenner Weir |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | [before 17] Oct 1868 |
Classmark: | DAR 86: A36, 53; DAR 84.1: 139 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-6421 |
Matches: 4 hits
- … From J. J. Weir [before 17] October 1868 …
- … letter and the letter to J. J. Weir, 17 October 1868 . Weir had visited Down House on …
- … J. Weir, 11 March 1868 , and [before 18 June 1868] , and letter to J. J. Weir, 18 …
- … 1868] and n. 9). He also refers to the Zoological Gardens, Regent’s Park, London. In Descent 1: 290, CD stated that the plumage and crimson head appeared early in life in both sexes of Crossoptilon auritum , the eared pheasant; he noted that he received this information from the Zoological Gardens. CD cited Weir for this information on plumage changes in young males of the ‘Gold pheasant’ in Descent 2: 213 n. 34. CD and Weir had already exchanged letters on plumage changes in linnets and redpolls; see letters from J. …
To J. J. Weir 13 March [1868]
Summary
Thanks for facts about birds displaying plumage during courtship; "for Butterflies I must trust to analogy altogether in regard to sexual selection".
Invites JJW to visit in summer.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | John Jenner Weir |
Date: | 13 Mar [1868] |
Classmark: | The British Library (Egerton MS 2952: 8–10) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-6009 |
Matches: 3 hits
- … To J. J. Weir 13 March [1868] …
- … See letter from J. J. Weir, 11 March 1868 . CD refers to the letters from J. …
- … 1868 , and to Weir’s earlier letters of [after 27 February] 1868, [before 3] March 1868, and [before 5] March 1868. John James Audubon discussed the courtship of birds in his Ornithological biography (Audubon 1831–[39]). CD’s annotated copy is in the Darwin Library–CUL (see Marginalia 1: 21–3). See letter from J. J. …
Darwin, C. R. | (25) |
Weir, J. J. | (24) |
Wallace, A. R. | (4) |
Blyth, Edward | (2) |
Weir, H. W. | (2) |
Darwin, C. R. | (36) |
Weir, J. J. | (15) |
Tegetmeier, W. B. | (2) |
Wallace, A. R. | (2) |
Bartlett, A. D. | (1) |
Darwin, C. R. | (61) |
Weir, J. J. | (39) |
Wallace, A. R. | (6) |
Blyth, Edward | (2) |
Tegetmeier, W. B. | (2) |