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To J. D. Hooker   [20? July 1860]

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Summary

CD’s reaction to review of the Origin [by Samuel Wilberforce] in Quarterly Review [see 2881].

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:  [20? July 1860]
Classmark:  DAR 115: 33a
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2875

Matches: 10 hits

  • … To J.  D.  Hooker   [20? July 1860] …
  • … DAR 115: 33a Charles Robert Darwin Hartfield [20? July 1860] Joseph Dalton Hooker …
  • … was probably written before the letters to T.  H.  Huxley, 20 July [1860] , and to John …
  • … Lubbock , 20 July [1860]. It could possibly have been enclosed with the preceding letter, …
  • … in question (see n.  2, below) was published on Wednesday, 18 July 1860 ( Publisher’s …
  • … vigour and maturity. ’ ( [Wilberforce] 1860 , p.  263). Several of Lyell’s remarks against …
  • … Paul. 1966–89. [Wilberforce, Samuel. ] 1860. [Review of Origin. ] Quarterly Review 108: …
  • … Circular , 17 July 1860, p.  339). The July issue of the Quarterly Review carried an …
  • … passage in the review ( [Wilberforce] 1860 , pp.  254–5): We do not think that, with all …
  • … of the transmutationist. ’ ( [Wilberforce] 1860 , p.  260). Charles Lyell’s attack on …

To J. D. Hooker   [2 July 1860]

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Summary

CD, ill and despondent about hostile reviews, is cheered by JDH’s account of Oxford battle, particularly by willingness of JDH and Huxley to fight for CD’s theory in public.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:  [2 July 1860]
Classmark:  DAR 115: 64
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2853

Matches: 7 hits

  • … To J.  D.  Hooker   [2 July 1860] …
  • … DAR 115: 64 Charles Robert Darwin Sudbrook Park [2 July 1860] Joseph Dalton Hooker …
  • … CD returned to Down on Saturday, 7 July 1860 (‘Journal’; Appendix II). See letter to J.   …
  • … D.  Hooker, [3 July 1860] . Sudbrook Park was in the village of Richmond, Surrey, only a …
  • … to the preceding letter, also dated 2 July 1860. Hooker’s letter must have been dispatched …
  • … not been identified. CD first mentioned Owen’s comment in March 1860 (see letter to J.   …
  • … D.  Hooker, 3 March [1860] ). The Darwins were planning to leave for Hartfield, Surrey, …

To Daniel Oliver   20 October [1860]

Summary

Will take Natural History Review, but cannot write for it.

Has mass of notes on irritability in orchids,

but he ought to work on Variation.

Drosera was an interlude while away from home. Expectations for effect of carbonate of ammonia on Dionaea. The important phenomenon in Drosera is the segregation of the red fluid within the leaf, not action of carbonate of ammonia on the red fluid.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Daniel Oliver
Date:  20 Oct [1860]
Classmark:  DAR 261.10: 20 (EH 88206004)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2956

Matches: 7 hits

  • … To Daniel Oliver   20 October [1860] …
  • … DAR 261.10: 20 (EH 88206004) Charles Robert Darwin Eastbourne 20 Oct [1860] Daniel Oliver …
  • … plants , which appeared in 1875. See letter to Daniel Oliver, 14 October [1860] . …
  • … The Darwins in fact did not return home until 10 November 1860 (‘Journal’; Appendix II). …
  • … See letter to Daniel Oliver, 23 [October 1860] . Thomas Henry Huxley and John Lubbock were …
  • … also one of the new editors. See letters to T.  H.  Huxley, 20 July [1860] , and to John …
  • … Lubbock , 20 July [1860]. Orchids was published in 1862. CD eventually published his work …

To J. D. Hooker   12 March [1860]

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Summary

Lyell and CD would urge JDH to make his essays into a book, but see he has embarked on a huge project with G. Bentham [Genera plantarum, 3 vols. (1862–83)].

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:  12 Mar [1860]
Classmark:  DAR 115: 46
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2728

Matches: 8 hits

  • … To J.  D.  Hooker   12 March [1860] …
  • … DAR 115: 46 Charles Robert Darwin Down 12 Mar [1860] Joseph Dalton Hooker …
  • … to Origin , has not been found, but see the letter to J.  D.  Hooker, 3 March [1860] . …
  • … D.  Hooker, [26 February or 4 March 1860] ). CD’s experiments on the plants that Hooker …
  • … into a new volume (see letter to J.  D.  Hooker, 8 February [1860] ). An announcement in …
  • … Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette , 3 March 1860, p.  189, stated that Hooker and George …
  • … Lyell visited Down from 9 to 12 March 1860. Lyell made notes on several of his discussions …
  • … of Lyell’s entries are dated 13 March 1860. Among the subjects discussed, as indicated by …

To John Murray   3 August [1860]

Summary

Thanks JM for Quarterly Review [July 1860] in which he is "quizzed splendidly". The Bishop [Wilberforce] misrepresents him often, but clever men think they can write a review with very slight knowledge of the book.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  John Murray
Date:  3 Aug [1860]
Classmark:  National Library of Scotland (John Murray Archive) (Ms.42152 ff.74–75)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2888

Matches: 7 hits

  • … To John Murray   3 August [1860] …
  • … Murray Archive) (Ms.42152 ff.74–75) Charles Robert Darwin Down 3 Aug [1860] John Murray …
  • … Thanks JM for Quarterly Review [July 1860] in which he is "quizzed splendidly". The …
  • … mentioned in the review. [Wilberforce] 1860 , p.  260. The passage reads: But we can give …
  • … Murray. 1859. [Wilberforce, Samuel. ] 1860. [Review of Origin. ] Quarterly Review 108: …
  • … to Down from Hartfield, Sussex, on 2 August 1860 ( Emma Darwin’s diary). The July issue …
  • … s anonymous review of Origin ( [Wilberforce] 1860 ). John Murray , who published Origin , …

To J. S. Henslow   29 January [1860]

Summary

Measles has ben running through the house, but they are now quit of it.

Discusses plans for JSH to visit; eager to discuss Origin.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  John Stevens Henslow
Date:  29 Jan [1860]
Classmark:  RR Auction (dealers) (8 December 2021, lot 119)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2666F

Matches: 7 hits

  • … To J. S. Henslow   29 January [1860] …
  • … 8 December 2021, lot 119) Charles Robert Darwin Down 29 Jan [1860] John Stevens Henslow …
  • … See Correspondence vol. 8, letter from Leonard Jenyns, 4 January 1860 , and letter to J. …
  • … S. Henslow, 3 February [1860] . The letter from Jenyns forwarded by Henslow to CD has …
  • … letter in the Athenæum , 11 February 1860, pp. 206–7, Henslow speculated that prehistoric …
  • … the letter to J. D. Hooker, 3 January [1860] ( Correspondence vol. 8). Leonard Darwin had …
  • … Henslow visited Down from 14 to 16 February 1860. The Darwins were in London from 6 to 11 …

To Charles Lyell   17 June [1860]

Summary

Discusses relationship between natural selection and more general laws. Law of gravity is not seen as requiring design. Mentions mathematicians’ judgment of probability.

Notes gestation periods for hounds.

Etty is somewhat better.

Mentions his paper on fertilisation of orchids by insects [Collected papers 2: 32–5].

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Charles Lyell, 1st baronet
Date:  17 June [1860]
Classmark:  American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.217)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2833

Matches: 7 hits

  • … To Charles Lyell   17 June [1860] …
  • … Mss.B.D25.217) Charles Robert Darwin Down 17 June [1860] Charles Lyell, 1st baronet …
  • … See letter to Charles Lyell, 14 [June 1860] , and letter from …
  • … Charles Lyell, 15 June 1860 . William Paley and other natural theologians argued that the …
  • … CD’s information has not been identified. See letters to Charles Lyell , 1 [June 1860] and …
  • … 25 [June 1860] . Henrietta Emma Darwin . …
  • … to Gardeners’ Chronicle , [4–5 June 1860]. For CD’s earlier paper on the fertilisation of …

To Williams & Norgate   18 May [1860]

Summary

Requests a copy of Unger 1852 (Versuch einer Geschichte der Pflanzenwelt; an attempt at a history of the vegetable kingdom).

Requests a copy of the issue of British and Foreign Medical Review which contains a review of Origin, if it is a different publication from British and Foreign Medical and Chirurgical Review

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Williams & Norgate
Date:  18 May [1860]
Classmark:  Lanier family (private collection)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2810F

Matches: 6 hits

  • … To Williams & Norgate   18 May [1860] …
  • … family (private collection) Charles Robert Darwin Down 18 May [1860] Williams & Norgate …
  • … Review . In spring 1860, house numbers in Queen Anne Street, London, were changed (see …
  • … vol. 8, letter to Asa Gray, 22 May [1860] . No letter from CD requesting the Medical and …
  • … to this letter, but see Correspondence vol. 8, letter to Charles Lyell, 22 May [1860] . …
  • … The review in question was [Carpenter] 1860 in the British and Foreign Medical-Chirurgical …

To J. D. Hooker   29 [May 1860]

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Summary

Convinced selection is the efficient cause. Less convinced of physical causes than JDH because he sees adaptation everywhere and that must be due to selection.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:  29 [May 1860]
Classmark:  DAR 115: 58
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2816

Matches: 7 hits

  • … To J.  D.  Hooker   29 [May 1860] …
  • … DAR 115: 58 Charles Robert Darwin Down 29 [May 1860] Joseph Dalton Hooker …
  • … A letter from Hooker to Harvey dated 26 May 1860 indicates that Harvey had written a long …
  • … Harvey has not been found. See, however, letter to W.  H.  Harvey, [20–4 September 1860] . …
  • … Harvey Hodgson Hooker was born on 27 May 1860. The reference has not been traced. It may …
  • … had primarily borne. See letter to J.  D.  Hooker, 8 February [1860] . William Henry …
  • … corresponded with Hooker in May and June 1860 about the theological implications of CD’s …

To Charles Giles Bridle Daubeny   16 July [1860]

Summary

Confirms CGBD’s impression given in a letter to J. S. Henslow that CD in the Origin did not touch directly upon the final causes of sexuality, which CD considers one of the "profoundest mysteries in nature". CD is inclined to stress sexuality as the means of keeping forms constant and checking variation although he grants its role in the origination of varieties. [See 2869.]

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Charles Giles Bridle Daubeny
Date:  16 July [1860]
Classmark:  Magdalen College, Oxford (MC:F26/C1/118)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2869A

Matches: 12 hits

  • … To Charles Giles Bridle Daubeny   16 July [1860] …
  • … MC:F26/C1/118) Charles Robert Darwin Hartfield 16 July [1860] Charles Giles Bridle Daubeny …
  • … CD’s letter to J.  S.  Henslow, 16 July [1860] ( Correspondence vol.  8), which refers to …
  • … 8, letter to J.  S.  Henslow, 16 July [1860] . CD alludes to the sentence ‘Intercrossing …
  • … letter to J.  S.  Henslow, 16 July [1860] ( Correspondence vol.  8). The correspondence …
  • … of Science in Oxford, in a session chaired by Henslow on 28 June 1860 (see Athenæum , …
  • … 7 July 1860, p.  25). CD did not attend the meeting (see Correspondence vol.   …
  • … 8, letter to J.  D.  Hooker, 26 [June 1860] ). In writing the present letter to Daubeny, …
  • … volume, Supplement, letter to Charles Daubeny, 1 August [1860] and n.  2). CD may also …
  • … press (see, for example, Athenæum , 7 July 1860, pp.  25–6, reproduced in Correspondence …
  • … the second edition, published on 7 January 1860, in the phrase ‘with the exception of the …
  • … parental stock (see Athenæum , 7 July 1860, pp.  25–6; see also Daubeny 1860a ). Gemmation …

To J. S. Henslow   3 February [1860]

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Summary

Thanks for L. Jenyns’ very sensible letter [missing].

Will be delighted to see JSH whenever he can come.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  John Stevens Henslow
Date:  3 Feb [1860]
Classmark:  DAR 93: A62
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2682

Matches: 5 hits

  • … To J.  S.  Henslow   3 February [1860] …
  • … DAR 93: A62 Charles Robert Darwin Down 3 Feb [1860] John Stevens Henslow …
  • … s views about CD’s work, see letter to Leonard Jenyns, 7 January [1860] . Henslow visited …
  • … the Darwins from 14 to 16 February 1860 ( Emma Darwin’s diary). See letter to J.   …
  • … S.  Henslow, 9 February [1860] . …

From John Higgins   16 June 1860

Summary

Has not received any replies from the parties.

Either he or his son will value the property after JH’s return to Alford.

Author:  John Higgins
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  16 June 1860
Classmark:  Lincolnshire Archives (HIG/4/2/3/7)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2837F

Matches: 6 hits

  • … From John Higgins   16 June 1860
  • … Lincolnshire Archives (HIG/4/2/3/7) John Higgins Alford 16 June 1860 Charles Robert Darwin …
  • … vol. 8, letter to John Higgins, 13 June [1860] . CD was thinking of buying an estate at …
  • … letter from John Higgins, 19 June 1860 ). John Higgins’s son was John Higgins (1826– …
  • … Lincolnshire (see Correspondence vol. 8, letter to John Higgins, 13 June [1860] ). …
  • … Biel June 16. 1860 Dear Sir I received your Letter of the 13 th . yesterday but I had …

From A. W. von Hofmann to Edward Cresy   27 October 1860

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Summary

Is enclosing Alfred Swaine Taylor’s book On poisons (1848). Reports on his own experiment with the starch test in dissolving iodine in different measures of water.

Author:  August Wilhelm von Hofmann
Addressee:  Edward Cresy, Jr
Date:  27 Oct 1860
Classmark:  DAR 58.1: 5
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2966A

Matches: 6 hits

  • … From A.  W.  von Hofmann to Edward Cresy   27 October 1860
  • … DAR 58.1: 5 August Wilhelm von Hofmann 27 Oct 1860 Edward Cresy, Jr …
  • … from A.  W.  von Hofmann to Edward Cresy, 13 October 1860. CD had questioned the system …
  • … letter to Edward Cresy, 14 October [1860] ). Hofmann refers to Taylor 1848 . Hofmann’s …
  • … Cresy enclosed with a letter of his own (see letter from Edward Cresy, 30 October 1860 ). …
  • … R.  College of Chemistry Oct.  27. 1860. My dear Sir I enclose you the book on poison from …

From John Cattell   [after 5 May 1860]

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Summary

Future orders will be highly esteemed.

Author:  John Cattell
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  [after 5 May 1860]
Classmark:  DAR 53.2: 167r
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-9213

Matches: 6 hits

  • … From John Cattell   [after 5 May 1860] …
  • … DAR 53.2: 167r John Cattell unstated [after 5 May 1860] Charles Robert Darwin …
  • … has not been found, but see Correspondence vol. 8, letter from John Cattell, 12 May 1860 . …
  • … and the letter from John Cattell, 12 May 1860 ( Correspondence vol. 8) and from the date …
  • … see n. 2, below). John Cattell (1786/7–1860) was a nurseryman in Westerham, Kent, with …
  • … 13 August 1855 ). He died on 5 May 1860 ( England & Wales, national probate calendar ( …

To Edward Cresy   [19 October 1860]

Summary

Obliged for note of 16th.

Failed to enclose letter from Hofmann.

Will be glad to read A. S. Taylor’s work [On poisons in relation to medical jurisprudence and medicine, 2d ed. (1859)].

Daughter Henrietta still weak.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Edward Cresy, Jr
Date:  [19 Oct 1860]
Classmark:  DAR 143
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2933

Matches: 8 hits

  • … To Edward Cresy   [19 October 1860] …
  • … DAR 143 Charles Robert Darwin Eastbourne [19 Oct 1860] Edward Cresy, Jr …
  • … letter to Edward Cresy, 14 October [1860] , and by the reference to the Darwins remaining …
  • … his letter to Edward Cresy, 14 October [1860] . Although the Darwins intended to return to …
  • … did not return to Down until 10 November 1860 (‘Journal’; Appendix II). Cresy apparently …
  • … in his letter to Edward Cresy, 14 October [1860] . Taylor 1848 . Cresy may have related in …
  • … which published its report in August 1860, rejected the proposed move in favour of …
  • … Museum , session 24 January – 28 August 1860, 16: 173–525). The Metropolitan Board of …

From Henry Fawcett   16 July [1861]

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Summary

Elaborates on his article ["A popular exposition of Mr Darwin on the origin of species", Macmillan’s Mag. 3 (1860): 81–92]. Was anxious to point out that CD’s method of investigation is philosophically correct. Asks permission to call.

Author:  Henry Fawcett
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  16 July [1861]
Classmark:  DAR 98 (ser. 2): 29–30
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2868

Matches: 13 hits

  • … origin of species", Macmillan’s Mag. 3 (1860): 81–92]. Was anxious to point out that CD’s …
  • … The year is given by the reference to Fawcett 1860 (see n.  2, below). …
  • … CD’s letter to Fawcett of 6 December [1860] , commenting on his article ‘A popular …
  • … Mr.  Darwin on the Origin of species’, published in the December 1860 issue of Macmillan’ …
  • … s Magazine ( Fawcett 1860 ), is in the Supplement to Correspondence vol. 18. There is an …
  • … a letter to Thomas Henry Huxley, 5 [December 1860] ( Correspondence vol.  8). In the fifth …
  • … London: John Murray. 1859. [Sedgwick, Adam. ] 1860. Objections to Mr Darwin’s theory of …
  • … the origin of species. Spectator , 24 March 1860, pp. 285–6. [ …
  • … Reprinted with revisions in ibid. , 7 April 1860, pp. 334–5. ] …
  • … University Press. 1927–96. Fawcett, Henry. 1860. A popular exposition of Mr Darwin on the …
  • … Sedgwick’s charge (in [A.  Sedgwick] 1860 ) that CD had violated the rules of induction, …
  • … in a letter to Alexander Bain, 11 April 1860 (Mineka and Lindley eds.  1972, p.  695). [ …
  • … appeared in Fawcett’s article ( Fawcett 1860 , p.  83), where he attributed it to the …

To John Innes   11 September [1860]

Summary

Going to sea-side for Etty’s health.

Asks JBI further questions about a striped donkey he had reported to CD.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  John Brodie Innes
Date:  11 Sept [1860]
Classmark:  Cleveland Health Sciences Library (Robert M. Stecher collection)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2912

Matches: 5 hits

  • … To John Innes   11 September [1860] …
  • … Robert M. Stecher collection) Charles Robert Darwin Down 11 Sept [1860] John Brodie Innes …
  • … See letter to John Innes, 6 September [1860] . Innes’s information about donkeys is not …
  • … cited by CD in Variation . See letters to John Innes , 18 July [1860] and …
  • … 6 September [1860] . …

To Daniel Oliver   [21 November 1860]

Summary

The plant CD’s father called "flycatcher" was not Asclepias.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Daniel Oliver
Date:  [21 Nov 1860]
Classmark:  DAR 261.10: 27 (EH)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2987

Matches: 5 hits

  • … To Daniel Oliver   [21 November 1860] …
  • … of dogbane, Apocynum androsaemifolium . See letter from Daniel Oliver, 23 November 1860 . …
  • … DAR 261.10: 27 (EH) Charles Robert Darwin Down [21 Nov 1860] Daniel Oliver …
  • … in the letter to J. D. Hooker, 21 November [1860] . Oliver’s letter has not been found. CD …
  • … letter to Daniel Oliver, 16 November [1860] ). Brown 1833. There is a lightly annotated …

To Williams and Norgate   29 [January 1860]

Summary

Orders copy of book by Louis Agassiz [Nomenclatoris Zoologici Index Universalis (1846)].

Mentions book sent by Quatrefages de Bréau.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Williams & Norgate
Date:  29 [Jan 1860]
Classmark:  American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.194)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2666

Matches: 7 hits

  • … To Williams and Norgate   29 [January 1860] …
  • … Society (Mss.B.D25.194) Charles Robert Darwin Down 29 [Jan 1860] Williams & Norgate …
  • … there is a record of a payment on 10 March 1860 of £2 19 s . 5 d .  made out to Williams …
  • … endorsement. See letter to Williams and Norgate, 16 January [1860] . There is an entry in …
  • … book (Down House MS) dated 29 January 1860 that records a payment of £3 11 s . 4 d .  to …
  • … in the letter to J.  L.  A.  Quatrefages de Bréau, 30 March [1860]. Quatrefages de Bréau …
  • … a second work with a similar title in 1860. Both books are in the Darwin Library–CUL and …

To John Innes   28 December [1860]

Summary

News of Etty’s health and of neighbours.

Pleased that JBI likes Origin.

CD never expected to convert people in less than 20 years, though now convinced he is "in the main right". Bishop of Oxford’s review made "splendid fun" of him.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  John Brodie Innes
Date:  28 Dec [1860]
Classmark:  Cleveland Health Sciences Library (Robert M. Stecher collection)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-3032

Matches: 8 hits

  • … To John Innes   28 December [1860] …
  • … Robert M. Stecher collection) Charles Robert Darwin Down 28 Dec [1860] John Brodie Innes …
  • … of Oxford. CD refers to Wilberforce’s anonymous review of Origin ( [Wilberforce] 1860 ). [ …
  • … Wilberforce] 1860 , pp.  254–5. See also letter to J.   …
  • … D.  Hooker, [20? July 1860] . John Lubbock . John William Brodie Innes and Eliza Mary …
  • … by the ‘B.  of Oxford’ ( [Wilberforce] 1860 ). Henrietta Emma Darwin had been ill for some …
  • … suffered in July and again in October 1860. Robert Ainslie , formerly of Tromer Lodge, …
  • … Co. 1845–78. [Wilberforce, Samuel. ] 1860. [Review of Origin. ] Quarterly Review 108: 225– …
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Darwin in letters, 1860: Answering critics

Summary

On 7 January 1860, John Murray published the second edition of Darwin’s Origin of species, printing off another 3000 copies to satisfy the demands of an audience that surprised both the publisher and the author. It wasn't long, however, before ‘the…

Matches: 29 hits

  • … On 7 January 1860, John Murray published the second edition of Darwin’s  Origin of …
  • … in railway stations ( letter to Charles Lyell, 14 January [1860] ). By May, with the work …
  • … be nice easy reading.’ ( letter to Asa Gray, 22 May [1860] ). Origin : reactions and …
  • … his main argument ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 3 January [1860] ). Darwin’s magnanimous …
  • … utterly  smashed’ ( letter to T. H. Huxley, 3 July [1860] ). (A chronological list of all the …
  • … the only track that leads to physical truth’ (Sedgwick 1860) that most wounded Darwin. Having spent …
  • … investigation.—’ ( letter to J. S. Henslow, 8 May [1860] ). Above all else Darwin prided …
  • … ample lot of facts.’ ( letter to Asa Gray, 18 February [1860] ). To those who objected that his …
  • … as real.’ ( letter to C. J. F. Bunbury, 9 February [1860] ). This helps to explain why Darwin was …
  • … progression ( letter to Charles Lyell, 18 [and 19 February 1860] ). To this and Lyell’s many other …
  • … than a success ( see letter to J. D. Hooker, 14 February [1860] ). I think geologists …
  • … to reasoning.’ ( letter to A. R. Wallace, 18 May 1860 ). Darwin began to tabulate (and …
  • … and five botanists ( see letter to J. D. Hooker, 3 March [1860] ). Others, like François Jules …
  • … at it, makes me sick!’ ( letter to Asa Gray, 3 April [1860] ). By the end of 1860, Darwin …
  • … those of embryology ( letter to Asa Gray, 10 September [1860] ). Only his theory, he believed, …
  • … of species ( see letter from T. H. Huxley, 6 August 1860 ). But Baer in fact eventually opposed …
  • … other animals’ ( letter to Charles Lyell, 10 January [1860] )— he and others were well aware that …
  • … after 4 hours battle’ (letter from J. D. Hooker, 2 July 1860). Other correspondents informed Darwin …
  • … thing for subject.—’ ( letter to T. H. Huxley, 3 July [1860] ). Further details of the meeting, …
  • … theological reform tract  Essays and reviews  in January 1860 as to that of  Origin  itself. …
  • … ( letter from J. S. Henslow to J. D. Hooker, 10 May 1860 ). What worried Darwin most about such …
  • … support altogether (letters to Charles Lyell, 1 June [1860] and 11 August [1860] ). As …
  • … view the subject’ ( letter to Charles Lyell, 15 February [1860] ); later he became ‘fairly sick’ …
  • … of his geological argument, he wrote to Lyell on 6 June [1860] : 'I am beginning to despair …
  • … Darwin was not, however, entirely preoccupied in 1860 with his critics and the reception of  Origin …
  • … two days after the second edition was issued, on 9 January 1860, he turned to preparing the first …
  • … compressed arguments of  Origin . Many of the letters of 1860 pertain to his collection of further …
  • … in the fertilisation of plants. In the spring and summer of 1860, he began to investigate the …
  • … changed structure.’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 27 April [1860] ). Tracing the complicated …

British Association meeting 1860

Summary

Several letters refer to events at the British Association for the Advancement of Science held in Oxford, 26 June – 3 July 1860. Darwin had planned to attend the meeting but in the end was unable to. The most famous incident of the meeting was the verbal…

Matches: 7 hits

  • … the Advancement of Science meeting in Oxford, June–July 1860 Several letters in the year 1860
  • … Advancement of Science held in Oxford, 26 June – 3 July 1860. Darwin had planned to attend the …
  • … broken down” (letter to Charles Lyell, 25 [June 1860] ). Undoubtedly the most famous …
  • … are less well known. The following account of the 1860 meeting of the British Association in …
  • … by their precise attribution. Athenæum , 7 July 1860, p. 19: Introduction to the reports …
  • … lively during the week. Athenæum , 7 July 1860, pp. 25–6: Thursday session of Section D. …
  • … monkey was the gift of speech. Athenæum , 14 July 1860, pp. 64–5: Saturday session, …

Dramatisation script

Summary

Re: Design – Adaptation of the Correspondence of Charles Darwin, Asa Gray and others… by Craig Baxter – as performed 25 March 2007

Matches: 4 hits

  • … should not be in conflict. A TREMENDOUS FURORE: 1859-1860 In which Darwin distributes …
  • … in the long run prevail. CERTAIN BENEFICIAL LINES: 1860 Asa Gray presents his argument …
  • … 1859 70  A GRAY TO JD HOOKER, 5 JANUARY 1860 71L AGASSIZ, JULY 1860
  • … 100 A GRAY, ATLANTIC MONTHLY FOR JULY, AUGUST AND OCTOBER, 1860 101 GRAY’S ARTICLE IN THE …

New material added to the American edition of Origin

Summary

A ‘revised and augmented’ American edition of Origin came on the market in July 1860, and was the only authorised edition available in the US until 1873. It incorporated many of the changes Darwin made to the second English edition, but still contained…

Matches: 11 hits

  • … response to Darwin (see letters from Asa Gray, [10 January 1860], [17 January 1860], and 23 January …
  • … of stereotyping (see letter from Asa Gray, 23 January [1860] and n. 2). The firm agreed, however, to …
  • … of species (two letters to Baden Powell, 18 January 1860), Darwin subsequently changed his mind. On …
  • … this off to Gray enclosed in his letter of [8 or 9 February 1860]. He had earlier sent Gray some …
  • … given by Hewett Cottrell Watson in his letter of [3? January 1860]) that Darwin wanted inserted at …
  • … American edition in the letter to Lyell, 18 [and 19 February 1860]. Darwin suggested to Gray that …
  • … additional corrections” (letter to Asa Gray, 1 February [1860]). By 1 May 1860, D. Appleton …
  • … printings of Origin (see letter to Asa Gray, 22 May [1860] and enclosure) and were preparing to …
  • … American edition of Origin was available in July 1860 (see [Gray] 1860b, p. 116). It is …
  • …   Charles Darwin Down, Bromley, Kent, Feb. 1860   [Darwin’s …
  • … 363–6). See also letter from John Lubbock, [after 28 April 1860?]. 4 Origin , p. 188. …

Natural Selection: the trouble with terminology Part I

Summary

Darwin encountered problems with the term ‘natural selection’ even before Origin appeared.  Everyone from the Harvard botanist Asa Gray to his own publisher came up with objections. Broadly these divided into concerns either that its meaning simply wasn’t…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … ( Charles Darwin to Charles Lyell   6 June [1860 ]) Darwin encountered problems with the …
  • … ( Charles Darwin to Charles Lyell, 6 June [1860]) To Lyell, Darwin wrote: ‘ I doubt …

Essay: Design versus necessity

Summary

—by Asa Gray DESIGN VERSUS NECESSITY.—DISCUSSION BETWEEN TWO READERS OF DARWIN’S TREATISE ON THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES, UPON ITS NATURAL THEOLOGY. (American Journal of Science and Arts, September, 1860) D.T.—Is Darwin’s theory atheistic or pantheistic…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … (American Journal of Science and Arts, September , 1860) D.T.—Is Darwin’s theory atheistic …

Essay: Natural selection & natural theology

Summary

—by Asa Gray NATURAL SELECTION NOT INCONSISTENT WITH NATURAL THEOLOGY. Atlantic Monthly for July, August, and October, 1860, reprinted in 1861. I Novelties are enticing to most people; to us they are simply annoying. We cling to a long-accepted…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … Monthly for  July ,  August , and  October , 1860, reprinted in 1861. I …

Review: The Origin of Species

Summary

- by Asa Gray THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES BY MEANS OF NATURAL SELECTION (American Journal of Science and Arts, March, 1860) This book is already exciting much attention. Two American editions are announced, through which it will become familiar to many…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … (American Journal of Science and Arts, March, 1860) This book is already exciting much …

Darwin and Down

Summary

Charles and Emma Darwin, with their first two children, settled at Down House in the village of Down (later ‘Downe’) in Kent, as a young family in 1842.   The house came with eighteen acres of land, and a fifteen acre meadow.  The village combined the…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … plant sensitivity: To Charles Lyell,  24 November [1860] : describing experiments on …
  • … On co-adaptation: To J. D. Hooker,  12 July [1860] : on adaptation in Orchis pyramidalis …

Rewriting Origin - the later editions

Summary

For such an iconic work, the text of Origin was far from static. It was a living thing that Darwin continued to shape for the rest of his life, refining his ‘one long argument’ through a further five English editions.  Many of his changes were made in…

Matches: 7 hits

  • … the last proof sheets on 26 December 1859 ; published 1860 1 st US ‘revised and augmented’ …
  • … 2 nd to 3 rd editions; US edition By June 1860 Darwin was at least open to the …
  • … be needed ‘ soon, ever, or never ’.  By November 1860 he had heard that it was , and it was …
  • … additions now sent.— In the meantime, in July 1860, a ‘revised and augmented’ American …
  • … he had yet to start it on 28 January, but on 2 February 1860 he told Herbert Spencer that it was …
  • … (see letter from Jeffries Wyman, [ c . 15] September 1860 ). Among pigs in a particular …
  • … who only began corresponding with Darwin in November 1860, too late for the third edition.   …

The whale-bear

Summary

Darwin came to regard ‘bear’ as a ‘word of ill-omen’.  In the first edition of Origin he told the story of a black bear seen swimming for hours with its mouth wide open scooping insects from the water ‘like a whale’. He went on to imagine that natural…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … ( William Henry Harvey to Charles Darwin, 24 August 1860 ) Darwin came to regard ‘bear’ as …

From morphology to movement: observation and experiment

Summary

Darwin was a thoughtful observer of the natural world from an early age. Whether on a grand scale, as exemplified by his observations on geology, or a microscopic one, as shown by his early work on the eggs and larvae of tiny bryozoans, Darwin was…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … In a letter to  Gardeners’ Chronicle  in June 1860 , he asked readers living in other parts of …
  • … plant  Drosera rotundifolia  (common sundew) in 1860, around the same time he began work on orchid …

Evolution: Selected Letters of Charles Darwin 1860-1870

Summary

This selection of Charles Darwin’s letters includes correspondence with his friends and scientific colleagues around the world; letters by the critics who tried to stamp out his ideas, and by admirers who helped them to spread. It takes up the story of…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … them to spread. It takes up the story of Darwin’s life in 1860, in the immediate aftermath of the …
  • … out to me. No doubt many will be. Darwin to Huxley, 1860. I cannot tell …

Syms Covington

Summary

When Charles Darwin embarked on the Beagle voyage in 1831, Syms Covington was ‘fiddler & boy to Poop-cabin’. Covington kept an illustrated journal of his observations and experiences on the voyage, noting wildlife, landscapes, buildings and people and,…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … a new ear-trumpet  for him from London, and again  in 1860 .  Covington still assisted …

The Lyell–Lubbock dispute

Summary

In May 1865 a dispute arose between John Lubbock and Charles Lyell when Lubbock, in his book Prehistoric times, accused Lyell of plagiarism. The dispute caused great dismay among many of their mutual scientific friends, some of whom took immediate action…

Matches: 8 hits

  • … implements of early humans (C. Lyell 1859). In September 1860 he visited sites in both France and …
  • … ( Correspondence vol. 8, letter to Charles Lyell, 4 May [1860] and n. 3; Hutchinson 1914, 1: 51). …
  • … book, Prehistoric times (Lubbock 1865).  By 1860, Lyell had begun work on a sixth edition …
  • … completed and set in type for Elements of geology in 1860 and then re-set in 1861 for …
  • … well as the Swiss lake-dwellings, was originally written in 1860 for the sixth edition of the ‘ …
  • … discoveries and conclusions which had been made before 1860; but I gladly took advantage of the …
  • … to them, or to any authors of later date than the summer of 1860, I must have expanded the plan of …
  • … expenditures, and condition of the institution for the year 1860  15 (1861): 284–343. Translated by …

Darwin in letters, 1863: Quarrels at home, honours abroad

Summary

At the start of 1863, Charles Darwin was actively working on the manuscript of The variation of animals and plants under domestication, anticipating with excitement the construction of a hothouse to accommodate his increasingly varied botanical experiments…

Matches: 4 hits

  • …  vol. 8, letter to Charles Lyell, 10 January [1860] ). In the same letter he reminded Lyell of …
  • … who was already ill-disposed towards Owen following his 1860 review of  Origin , wrote to Falconer …
  • … exercise Darwin was Huxley’s assertion, first made in his 1860 review of  Origin , that in order …
  • …  and  Viola species, had interested Darwin since 1860; it continued to capture his attention ( …

Darwin and Fatherhood

Summary

Charles Darwin married Emma Wedgwood in 1839 and over the next seventeen years the couple had ten children. It is often assumed that Darwin was an exceptional Victorian father. But how extraordinary was he? The Correspondence Project allows an unusually…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … any of his children were ill, Darwin was unable to work. In 1860 his seventeen-year-old daughter …
  • … on account of Etty.’ (Darwin to W. D. Fox,  18 October [1860] ) Seven of the Darwin children lived …

Religion

Summary

Design|Personal Belief|Beauty|The Church Perhaps the most notorious realm of controversy over evolution in Darwin's day was religion. The same can be said of the evolution controversy today; however the nature of the disputes and the manner in…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … Letter 2814 — Darwin, C. R. to Gray, Asa, 22 May [1860] Darwin writes to Gray about the …
  • … Letter 2855 — Darwin, C. R. to Gray, Asa, 3 July [1860] Darwin writes to Gray and tells him …

Darwin’s Photographic Portraits

Summary

Darwin was a photography enthusiast. This is evident not only in his use of photography for the study of Expression and Emotions in Man and Animal, but can be witnessed in his many photographic portraits and in the extensive portrait correspondence that…

Matches: 4 hits

  • … to the copy he had sent five years previously in his 1860 letter to Hooker , Darwin exclaimed …
  • … matter, and he was far more satisfied with the results. In 1860-61 and again in 1864 Charles Darwin …
  • … most transformative photographs of Darwin.The years between 1860 and 1864 took a physical and …
  • … his ‘venerable beard’! Images: Charles Darwin, 1860-61, William Darwin, Courtesy of Harvard …

Darwin’s queries on expression

Summary

When Darwin resumed systematic research on emotions around 1866, he began to collect observations more widely and composed a list of queries on human expression. A number of handwritten copies were sent out in 1867 (see, for example, letter to Fritz Muller…

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  • … Bridges, Thomas (b) [Oct 1860 or after] [Keppel …
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