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From Daniel Oliver   14 April 1863

Summary

The ovule of Primula is amphitropous or what J. Georg Agardh calls apotropo-amphitropous [see Theoria systematis plantarum (1858), tab. 24, fig. 5–6].

Author:  Daniel Oliver
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  14 Apr 1863
Classmark:  DAR 173: 21
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4093

Matches: 6 hits

  • … calls apotropo-amphitropous [see Theoria systematis plantarum (1858), tab. 24, fig. 5–6]. …
  • … Bibliography Agardh, Jacob Georg. 1858. Theoria systematis plantarum; accedit familiarum …
  • … amphitropal’ is not apparent in Agardh 1858 , but see p.  331 and Tab. XXVII, fig.  1. …
  • … Hofmeister, Wilhelm Friedrich Benedict. 1858. Neuere Beobachtungen über Embryobildung der …
  • … is to Wilhelm Hofmeister and Hofmeister 1858 , p.  199. Micropetalous: ‘having very small …
  • … from the former to the latter’ ( Hofmeister 1858 , p.  119). The endostome was the opening …

From Henri Louis Frédéric de Saussure   17 January 1863

Summary

His work on Mexico has some geology, which might interest CD.

He is currently at work on the "filiation des genres des espèces et des moeurs des guepes [hornets]".

Author:  Henri Louis Frédéric (Henri) de Saussure
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  17 Jan 1863
Classmark:  DAR 177: 40
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-3923

Matches: 6 hits

  • … wasps formed the fourth part of Saussure 1858–71 . Saussure 1862 . The London bookseller, …
  • … reference is to the first volume of Saussure 1858–71 , a memoir on the natural history of …
  • … Mexico, the Antilles, and the United States. Saussure 1858 . CD’ …
  • … s lightly annotated copy of Saussure 1858  is in the Darwin Pamphlet Collection–CUL.   …
  • … others]. Saussure, Henri Louis Frédéric de. 1858–71. Mémoires pour servir a l’histoire …
  • … H. Georg. Saussure, Henri Louis Frédéric de. 1858. Observations sur les mœurs de divers …

From Hugh Falconer   8 January [1863]

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Summary

Comments on his elephant paper

and CD’s observations on dimorphism in Melastomataceae.

Author:  Hugh Falconer
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  8 Jan [1863]
Classmark:  DAR 164: 11
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-3908

Matches: 5 hits

  • … History 3d ser. 10: 363–70. Leidy, Joseph. 1858. Notice of remains of extinct Vertebrata, …
  • … n.  7, below. Falconer refers to Leidy 1858 , pp.  28–9. Joseph Leidy , a North American …
  • … of Europe, or of M.  sivalensis , of the Sivalic Hills, of India’ ( Leidy 1858 , p.  28). …
  • … See also Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (1858): 10. …
  • … Leidy 1858  was summarised in the January 1863 number of Annals and Magazine of Natural …

From George Bentham   21 May 1863

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Summary

Returns CD’s pamphlets.

Wishes CD would work out further what keeps certain species immutable for great periods.

Feels himself a convert, but cannot go all lengths with CD.

Feels some reviewers distort CD’s argument.

Author:  George Bentham
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  21 May 1863
Classmark:  DAR 160: 157
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4172

Matches: 5 hits

  • … Vols. 10,11] Pouchet, Félix Archimède. 1858. Note sur des proto-organismes végétaux et …
  • … of Japan and North America ( A.  Gray 1858–9 ). Gray’s hypothesis was that an ancient …
  • … the northern temperate zone. [Read 14 December 1858 and 11 January 1859. ] Memoirs of the …
  • … Félix Archimède Pouchet ( Pouchet 1858  and 1859), which purported to demonstrate the …
  • … Linnean Society of London. 1888. Gray, Asa. 1858–9. Diagnostic characters of new species …

From Isaac Anderson-Henry   26–7 January 1863

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Summary

Has done extensive plant hybridisation: strawberry, raspberry, Rhododendron.

Author:  Isaac Anderson; Isaac Anderson Henry
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  26–7 Jan 1863
Classmark:  DAR 159: 61
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-3948

Matches: 5 hits

  • … Cabinet and Florists’ Magazine 26 (1858): 60–7. ] Bean, William Jackson. 1970–88. Trees …
  • … and editor of its journal, in which Jameson 1858  was published. CD was interested in …
  • … Gardens, Kew. 1893–1996. Jameson, William. 1858. Excursion made from Quito to the River …
  • … is given at length in the 26 th Vol (for 1858) of Harrisons Floricultural Cabinet p 60. My …
  • … Anderson[-Henry] 1853  was republished in 1858 in the Horticultural Cabinet and Florists’ …

From G. H. K. Thwaites   8 June 1863

Summary

Dimorphism in Linum.

Situation in some of the lower Algae is analogous to that in phaenogams. In some, conjugation occurs between separate filaments, in others between cells of same filament.

Forwards a letter from S. O. Glenie enclosing specimens of Cassia fistula which show the two forms of the anthers.

Author:  George Henry Kendrick Thwaites
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  8 June 1863
Classmark:  DAR 178: 121–2
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4208

Matches: 2 hits

  • … and Candolle 1824–73 , 4: 344, and Thwaites 1858–64 , p.  137. The ‘L’ denotes Carolus …
  • … Junk. 1976–88. Thwaites, George Henry Kendrick. 1858–64. Enumeratio plantarum Zeylaniæ: an …

From J. P. Thom   14 January 1863

Summary

Thanks for a gift of £20.

Author:  John Pringle Thom
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  14 Jan 1863
Classmark:  DAR 178: 107
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-3916

Matches: 2 hits

  • … CD and Thom became acquainted in 1857 or 1858 at Lane’s previous establishment at Moor …
  • … vol.  7, letter to W.  D.  Fox, 24 June [1858] ). There is an entry in CD’s Account book– …

From Edward Levett Darwin   7 September 1863

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Summary

Glad to find they are cousins.

Sends his book [High Elms (pseud.), The game-preserver’s manual (1858)].

Author:  Edward Levett Darwin
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  7 Sept 1863
Classmark:  DAR 99: 17–18
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4295

Matches: 1 hit

  • … are cousins. Sends his book [High Elms (pseud. ), The game-preserver’s manual (1858)]. …

From George Bentham   [c. 14 April 1863]

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Summary

Asks CD whether he knows of "anything worth looking at" that has appeared abroad on his theory of the origin of species.

Author:  George Bentham
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  [c. 14 Apr 1863]
Classmark:  DAR 160: 155
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4096

Matches: 2 hits

  • … University Press. 1985–. Decaisne, Joseph. 1858–75. Le jardin fruitier du Muséum ou …
  • … journal. The references are to Decaisne 1858–75 (published in 129 parts forming nine …

From J. D. Hooker   [12 January 1863]

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Summary

Huxley’s lectures [Man’s place in nature (1863)]; he would be a scientific H. T. Buckle, if he were more careful.

Asks CD what the evidence is for inheritance of acquired characteristics.

Author:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  [12 Jan 1863]
Classmark:  DAR 101: 98
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-3892

Matches: 2 hits

  • … see, for example, Correspondence vol.  7, letters to J.  D. Hooker, 23 February [1858] and …
  • … 31 March [1858] , and Correspondence vol.  10, letter to J.  D.  Hooker, 7 March [1862] ). …

From George Henry Kendrick Thwaites   17 February 1863

Summary

Replies to CD’s letter: dimorphism common in Ceylon Rubiaceae. [See Forms of flowers, p. 286.]

Author:  George Henry Kendrick Thwaites
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  17 Feb 1863
Classmark:  DAR 109: A94
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-3994

Matches: 2 hits

  • … 1893–1996. Thwaites, George Henry Kendrick. 1858–64. Enumeratio plantarum Zeylaniæ: an …
  • … enumeration of the Ceylon plants ( Thwaites 1858–64 ). CD had asked Thwaites to send him …

From J. D. Hooker   24 January 1863

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Summary

JDH delivers CD’s letter to C. V. Naudin.

Neither Naudin nor Decaisne appreciates Origin.

Discusses Naudin on physiological causes of species formation;

Decaisne on plant heredity.

JDH on Lincoln’s emancipation proclamation.

Author:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  24 Jan 1863
Classmark:  DAR 101: 99–100
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-3940

Matches: 2 hits

  • … Letouzey & Ané. 1933–. Decaisne, Joseph. 1858–75. Le jardin fruitier du Muséum ou …
  • … Naturelle, or to portions of Decaisne 1858–75 , which was published in 129 parts before …

From J. D. Hooker   [13 May 1863]

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Summary

Lyell is "half-hearted but whole-headed" for CD’s theory. George Bentham wholly converted.

Bates’s book delightful but has a Darwinistic bias.

Cameroon plants.

JDH defends Bates against J. E. Gray’s slanders.

Author:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  [13 May 1863]
Classmark:  DAR 101: 137–40
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4165

Matches: 2 hits

  • … 3: 118–23. Nägeli, Carl Wilhelm von. 1858–68. Beiträge zur Wissenschaftlichen Botanik. 4 …
  • … Oliver and the first part of Nägeli 1858–68 , pp.  39–156. Oliver had been assisting CD …

From J. D. Hooker   [24 May 1863]

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Summary

Flora of Cameroons shakes JDH’s faith in ability to explain past or present migrations. Sees need for a major novel explanation such as natural selection, glacial cold, or continental connections.

Lyell in a bad way about feud with Falconer.

JDH’s opinion of Wallace, Bates, J. E. Gray, Owen, Asa Gray, Lubbock, and Bentham.

Bentham’s Linnean Society address [see 4118].

Author:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  [24 May 1863]
Classmark:  DAR 101: 143–6
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4169

Matches: 2 hits

  • … The reference is to the first part of Nägeli 1858–68 . CD wished to consult the work for …
  • … Hardwicke. Nägeli, Carl Wilhelm von. 1858–68. Beiträge zur Wissenschaftlichen Botanik. 4 …

From Robert Swinhoe   14 August 1863

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Summary

Sends two interesting cases: a flamingo with barnacles covering its legs

and castrated wild asses of Kutch.

Author:  Robert Swinhoe
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  14 Aug 1863
Classmark:  DAR 205.2 (Letters): 253
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4268

Matches: 1 hit

  • … from the Bengal Army in 1855 ( Army list 1858). Kutch is an area in the north of the …

From Daniel Oliver   27 February 1863

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Summary

Answers CD’s query on Primula longiflora and P. scotica.

Would like abstract of CD’s paper ["Two forms of Linum", Collected papers 2: 93–105] for Natural History Review.

Author:  Daniel Oliver
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  27 Feb 1863
Classmark:  DAR 108: 178
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4015

Matches: 1 hit

  • … at the British Museum until his death in 1858. Brown left his herbarium to his assistant …

From T. W. Woodbury   17 March 1863

Summary

Bee species of different sizes build cells the same size.

Author:  Thomas White Woodbury
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  17 Mar 1863
Classmark:  DAR 181: 150
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4049

Matches: 1 hit

  • … made a study of bee-cell construction in 1858, and discussed the subject in Origin , pp.   …

From J. D. Hooker   [6 March 1863]

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Summary

Lyell’s position on mutability.

Directions for care of hothouse plants.

Falconer hostile to Lyell’s book.

JDH’s Wedgwood ware collection.

Author:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  [6 Mar 1863]
Classmark:  DAR 101: 114–16
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4036

Matches: 1 hit

  • … the Entomological Society of London n.s. 5 (1858–61): 223–8, 335–61. Correspondence : The …

From Ludolph Christian Treviranus   12 February 1863

Summary

Sends his paper ["Über Dichogamie nach C. C. Sprengel und Ch. Darwin", Bot. Ztg. (1863): 1–7, 9–16].

Author:  Ludolph Christian Treviranus
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  12 Feb 1863
Classmark:  DAR 178: 182
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-3980

Matches: 1 hit

  • … to Gardeners’ Chronicle , [before 13 November 1858] ( Correspondence vol.  7), Origin , ‘ …

From Hermann Crüger   8 August 1863

Summary

Thanks for presentation copy of Linum paper [Collected papers 2: 93–105].

Ficus experiments confirm CD’s supposition that insects visit Melastoma for nectar, but HC thinks pollen-seekers fertilise the flowers.

Maranta fertilisation.

Author:  Hermann Crüger
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  8 Aug 1863
Classmark:  DAR 161: 277, 277/1
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4265

Matches: 1 hit

  • … of the Linnean Society (Botany) 2 (1858): 130–2. [Vols. 10,11] ‘Two forms in species of …
Document type
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Date
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Abstract of Darwin’s theory

Summary

There are two extant versions of the abstract of Darwin’s theory of natural selection. One was sent to Asa Gray on 5 September 1857, enclosed with a letter of the same date (see Correspondence vol. 6, letter to Asa Gray, 5 September [1857] and enclosure).…

Matches: 11 hits

  • … sent to Charles Lyell and Joseph Dalton Hooker in June 1858 as part of Darwin’s contribution to the …
  • … manuscript and the printed text of Darwin and Wallace 1858 have been noted. For CD’s work on the …
  • … dated Down, September 5th, 1857.” (Darwin and Wallace 1858, p. 50). The text comprises the second …
  • … printed version reads: ‘astounded’ (Darwin and Wallace 1858, p. 50). 3 The printed version …
  • … carpets, of another for cloth, &c.’ (Darwin and Wallace 1858, p. 51). 10 The printed …
  • … external appearances, but who could’ (Darwin and Wallace 1858, p. 51). 11 The manuscript …
  • … should go on selecting for one object’ (Darwin and Wallace 1858, p. 51). 13 The printed …
  • … few years, or at most a few centuries’ (Darwin and Wallace 1858, p. 51). 17 At this point in …
  • … not hold the progeny of one pair’ (Darwin and Wallace 1858, p. 51). 18 The printed version …
  • … printed version reads: ‘far more’ (Darwin and Wallace 1858, p. 52). 21 The printed version …
  • … by struggling with other organisms’ (Darwin and Wallace 1858, p. 52). 22 The printed version …

The writing of "Origin"

Summary

From a quiet rural existence at Down in Kent, filled with steady work on his ‘big book’ on the transmutation of species, Darwin was jolted into action in 1858 by the arrival of an unexpected letter (no longer extant) from Alfred Russel Wallace outlining a…

Matches: 19 hits

  • … Charles Lyell,  25 [November 1859] ) The year 1858 opened with Darwin hard at work …
  • … on hybridism, on 29 December 1857, Darwin began in January 1858 to prepare the next chapter, ‘Mental …
  • … facts on record.—’ (letter to W. D. Fox, 31 January [1858] ). In addition to behaviour such as …
  • … occurred in nature (see letter to Asa Gray, 4 April [1858] , and  Natural selection , p. 161). …
  • … you have seen,’ he told Hooker in his letter of 8 [June 1858] , ‘yet I have been forced to …
  • … much of his research completed, Darwin began in mid-June 1858 to write up the results of his study …
  • … of my Chapters.’ (letter to Charles Lyell, 18 [June 1858] ). As was his custom, Darwin did …
  • … endorsement, the editors have dated the letter 18 [June 1858]. However, the accuracy of Darwin’s …
  • … Darwin received Wallace’s letter and manuscript on 3 June 1858, the same day that another letter …
  • … 2). The correspondence between mid-May and mid-June 1858 provides some circumstantial …
  • … of anxiety. He says in a letter to Syms Covington, 18 May [1858] , that he expects the …
  • … full well you will be dreadfully severe.—’ On 18 [May 1858] , he again tells Hooker: ‘There is …
  • … the Darwin–Wallace papers at the Linnean Society on 1 July 1858. It also includes an unpublished …
  • … days immediately following his letter to Lyell. On 18 June 1858, his eldest daughter, Henrietta Emma …
  • … did not attend the meeting of the Linnean Society on 1 July 1858. After the theory of natural …
  • … a ‘small volume’ (letter to J. D. Hooker, 12 October [1858] ). Begun while he was in Sandown on …
  • … detailed sections for his ‘big book’. In September 1858 he finished his manuscript discussion of …
  • … experiments on bees’ cells continued through the autumn of 1858, even though he had completed a …
  • … of publishing (see ‘Journal’; Appendix II). Twice in 1858 and three times in 1859 he had gone to …

The evolution of honeycomb

Summary

Honeycombs are natural engineering marvels, using the least possible amount of wax to provide the greatest amount of storage space, with the greatest possible structural stability. Darwin recognised that explaining the evolution of the honey-bee’s comb…

Matches: 14 hits

  • … of reaching.’ (Letter from G. R. Waterhouse, 10 February 1858 .) By now not only …
  • … together. (Letter from G. R. Waterhouse, 13 February 1858 .) In April 1858, Darwin went to …
  • … discussion in a memorandum to W. H. Miller, [15 April 1858] , summarising his position as follows …
  • … by other cells (letter from G. R. Waterhouse, 17 April 1858 ). Waterhouse also told Darwin …
  • … piece of honeycomb (letter to W. B. Tegetmeier, [21 April 1858] ); however, it had been mislaid. …
  • … beginnings of the comb (letter to W. B. Tegetmeier, 9 May [1858] ). He suspected that the first …
  • … manner of building’ (letter to W. E. Darwin, [26 May 1858] .) To Tegetmeier, he explained in more …
  • … cylindrical cells (letter to W. B. Tegetmeier, 5 June [1858] ). Tegetmeier suggested putting a …
  • … and buying a swarm (letter to W. B. Tegetmeier, 8 [June 1858] ). (Articial wax is probably …
  • … result is shown in the photograph below. In August 1858, Waterhouse’s remarks at the 5 April …
  • … At a meeting of the Entomological Society on 7 July 1858 ( Proceedings of the Entomological Society …
  • … latest controversies in his letter to Darwin of 2 August 1858 . The notion that the theory of …
  • … with the least possible expenditure of wax, but in September 1858 Tegetmeier was able to give Darwin …
  • … of cells. (Letter to W. B. Tegetmeier, 8 September [1858] .) In  Origin , in November …

Darwin in letters, 1858-1859: Origin

Summary

The years 1858 and 1859 were, without doubt, the most momentous of Darwin’s life. From a quiet rural existence filled with steady work on his ‘big book’ on species, he was jolted into action by the arrival of an unexpected letter from Alfred Russel Wallace…

Matches: 25 hits

  • … The years 1858 and 1859 were, without doubt, the most momentous of Darwin’s life. From …
  • … of organic change at the Linnean Society of London in July 1858 and prompted the composition and …
  • … from these years. The 'big book' The year 1858 opened with Darwin hard at …
  • … on hybridism, on 29 December 1857, Darwin began in January 1858 to prepare the next chapter, ‘Mental …
  • … facts on record.—’ ( letter to W. D. Fox, 31 January [1858] ). In addition to behaviour such as …
  • … occurred in nature ( see letter to Asa Gray, 4 April [1858] , and  Natural selection , p. 161). …
  • … you have seen,’ he told Hooker in his letter of 8 [June 1858] , ‘yet I have been forced to …
  • … best.—’ Other topics discussed in the letters of 1858 also relate to questions that Darwin …
  • … much of his research completed, Darwin began in mid-June 1858 to write up the results of his study …
  • … of my Chapters.’ ( letter to Charles Lyell, 18 [June 1858] ). As was his custom, Darwin did …
  • … endorsement, the editors have dated the letter 18 [June 1858]. However, the accuracy of Darwin’s …
  • … Darwin received Wallace’s letter and manuscript on 3 June 1858, the same day that another letter …
  • … 2). The correspondence between mid-May and mid-June 1858 provides some circumstantial …
  • … of anxiety. He says in a letter to Syms Covington, 18 May [1858], that he expects the publication of …
  • … full well you will be dreadfully severe.—’ On 18 [May 1858], he again tells Hooker: ‘There is not …
  • … the Darwin–Wallace papers at the Linnean Society on 1 July 1858, including a letter from Wallace to …
  • … days immediately following his letter to Lyell. On 18 June 1858, his eldest daughter, Henrietta Emma …
  • … did not attend the meeting of the Linnean Society on 1 July 1858. The writing of Origin …
  • … a ‘small volume’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 12 October [1858] ). Begun while he was in Sandown on …
  • … detailed sections for his ‘big book’. In September 1858 he finished his manuscript discussion of …
  • … experiments on bees’ cells continued through the autumn of 1858, even though he had completed a …
  • … the most difficult challenge to his views. In November 1858, he communicated a long summary of his …
  • … letter to Gardeners’ Chronicle, [before 13 November 1858] ), in which he presented the evidence for …
  • … of publishing (see ‘Journal’; Appendix II). Twice in 1858 and three times in 1859 he had gone to …
  • … we run two horses’ ( letter to W. E. Darwin, 6 October [1858] ). Visitors to Down and trips to …

Diagrams and drawings in letters

Summary

Over 850 illustrations from the printed volumes of The Correspondence of Charles Darwin have been added to the online transcripts of the letters. The contents include maps, diagrams, drawings, sketches and photographs, covering geological, botanical,…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … on the structure of bees’ cells,  [before 8 June 1858] , and their geometry,  [19 June 1858] . …

Dates of composition of Darwin's manuscript on species

Summary

Many of the dates of letters in 1856 and 1857 were based on or confirmed by reference to Darwin’s manuscript on species (DAR 8--15.1, inclusive; transcribed and published as Natural selection). This manuscript, begun in May 1856, was nearly completed by…

Matches: 6 hits

  • … manuscript, begun in May 1856, was nearly completed by June 1858. At that point Darwin was …
  • … theory of transmutation ( letter to Charles Lyell, 18 [June 1858] ). Darwin recorded in his …
  • … 10 9 March 1858 Mental powers and the instincts of …
  • … [4] 12 June 1858 [3] [Discussion on large genera and …
  • … [6] 12 June 1858 [Correcting chapter 6] (DAR 10.2: 26a- …
  • … intended to be added to chapter 4 was completed on 14 April 1858. Stauffer considers the alterations …

Instinct and the Evolution of Mind

Summary

Sources|Discussion Questions|Experiment Slave-making ants For Darwin, slave-making ants were a powerful example of the force of instinct. He used the case of the ant Formica sanguinea in the On the Origin of Species to show how instinct operates—how…

Matches: 5 hits

  • … Letter 2226 —Frederick Smith to Darwin, 26 Feb 1858 In this letter, Smith, a prominent …
  • … Letter 2235 —Darwin to Frederick Smith, [before 9 Mar 1858] This letter contains a list of …
  • … Letter 2413 —Charles Darwin to Emma Darwin, [25 Apr 1858] Written from Moor Park, a …
  • … 2265 —Charles Darwin to William Erasmus Darwin, [26 Apr 1858] Writing to his eldest son, …
  • … Letter 2306 —Charles Darwin to Joseph Hooker, 13 [July 1858] In this famous letter to …

Dramatisation script

Summary

Re: Design – Adaptation of the Correspondence of Charles Darwin, Asa Gray and others… by Craig Baxter – as performed 25 March 2007

Matches: 4 hits

  • … and gratefully Charles Darwin. CREED AND FEVER: 1858 In which Gray expresses his …
  • … Origin of Species…’ FOUNDATIONS OF FAITH: 1857-1858 In which Gray and Hooker begin …
  • … 1856 24  C DARWIN TO JD HOOKER, 13 JULY 1858 25  C DARWIN TO JD HOOKER, …
  • … OF COMMON PRAYER 47  C DARWIN TO A GRAY, 4 JULY 1858 48  C DARWIN TO LYELL …

Alfred Russel Wallace’s essay on varieties

Summary

The original manuscript about varieties that Wallace composed on the island of Gilolo and sent to Darwin from the neighbouring island of Ternate (Brooks 1984) has not been found. It was sent to Darwin as an enclosure in a letter (itself missing), and was…

Matches: 3 hits

  • … Darwin to Charles Lyell (letter to Charles Lyell, 18 [June 1858] ). The only known version of the …
  • … below. Wallace’s essay was written in February 1858. He recollected the events surrounding …
  • … and habits which they exhibit. Ternate, February, 1858. Note 1 In CD’s …

Fake Darwin: myths and misconceptions

Summary

Many myths have persisted about Darwin's life and work. Here are a few of the more pervasive ones, with full debunking below...

Matches: 1 hits

  • … Many myths have persisted about Darwin's life and work. Here are a few of the more pervasive ones, …

Darwin and Fatherhood

Summary

Charles Darwin married Emma Wedgwood in 1839 and over the next seventeen years the couple had ten children. It is often assumed that Darwin was an exceptional Victorian father. But how extraordinary was he? The Correspondence Project allows an unusually…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … driven away grief.’ (Darwin to W. D. Fox,  2 July [1858] ). The death of a baby daughter only a …
  • … small adventures (Darwin to his son William,  [30 October 1858] ). In one letter in 1856, he …

Darwin's health

Summary

On 28 March 1849, ten years before Origin was published, Darwin wrote to his good friend Joseph Hooker from Great Malvern in Worcestershire, where Dr James Manby Gully ran a fashionable water-cure establishment. Darwin apologised for his delayed reply to…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … vol. 7, letter to Robert Monsey Rolfe, 10 November [1858] , and Correspondence vol. 12, …
  • … Correspondence vol. 7, letter to W. D. Fox, 13 November [1858] ). He first visited the …

Controversy

Summary

The best-known controversies over Darwinian theory took place in public or in printed reviews. Many of these were highly polemical, presenting an over-simplified picture of the disputes. Letters, however, show that the responses to Darwin were extremely…

Matches: 6 hits

  • … Letter 2285 — Darwin, C. R. to Lyell, Charles, 18 [June 1858] Darwin writes to Lyell and …
  • … Letter 2294 — Darwin, C. R. to Lyell, Charles, [25 June 1858] Darwin writes to Lyell saying …
  • … Letter 2295 — Darwin, C. R. to Lyell, Charles, 26 [June 1858] Darwin writes to Lyell and …
  • … Hooker, J. D. & Lyell, Charles to Linnean Society, 30 June 1858 Hooker and Lyell write …
  • … Letter 2306 — Darwin, C. R. to Hooker, J. D., 13 [July 1858] Darwin writes to Hooker, saying …
  • … Letter 2337 — Wallace, A. R. to Hooker, J. D., 6 Oct 1858 Darwin thanks Hooker and Lyell for …

Darwin's bad days

Summary

Despite being a prolific worker who had many successes with his scientific theorising and experimenting, even Darwin had some bad days. These times when nothing appeared to be going right are well illustrated by the following quotations from his letters:

Matches: 1 hits

  • … Despite being a prolific worker who had many successes with his scientific theorising and …

Darwin as mentor

Summary

Darwin provided advice, encouragement and praise to his fellow scientific 'labourers' of both sexes. Selected letters Letter 2234 - Darwin to Unidentified, [5 March 1858] Darwin advises that Professor C. P. Smyth’s observations are not…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … Letter 2234 - Darwin to Unidentified, [5 March 1858] Darwin advises that Professor C. P. …

Women’s scientific participation

Summary

Observers | Fieldwork | Experimentation | Editors and critics | Assistants Darwin’s correspondence helps bring to light a community of women who participated, often actively and routinely, in the nineteenth-century scientific community. Here is a…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … Letter 2221 - Blyth, E. to Darwin, [22 February 1858] Edward Blyth, curator of the …
  • … Letter 2345 - Darwin to Hooker, J. D., [20 October 1858] Darwin describes to Joseph …

Origin

Summary

Darwin’s most famous work, Origin, had an inauspicious beginning. It grew out of his wish to establish priority for the species theory he had spent over twenty years researching. Darwin never intended to write Origin, and had resisted suggestions in 1856…

Matches: 5 hits

  • … a similar  theory by Alfred Russel Wallace in June 1858. In the aftermath of the first public …
  • … a longer abstract of his species theory . On 5 July 1858, Darwin stated his intention to start work …
  • … was writing his essay on the flora of Australia in December 1858, he asked to borrow Darwin’s ‘ …
  • … convert. ’ Making the book By mid-October 1858, Darwin had expected that his abstract …
  • … was having, and the fulfilment of his stated aim in July 1858 when he began to write his abstract: ‘ …

On the Origin of Species

Summary

From a quiet rural existence at Down in Kent, filled with steady work on his ‘big book’ on the transmutation of species, Darwin was jolted into action in 1858 by the arrival of an unexpected letter (no longer extant) from Alfred Russel Wallace outlining a…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … transmutation of species, Darwin was jolted into action in 1858 by the arrival of an unexpected …
  • … of organic change at the Linnean Society of London in July 1858 and prompted the composition and …

Orchids

Summary

Why Orchids? Darwin  wrote in his Autobiography, ‘During the summer of 1839, and, I believe, during the previous summer, I was led to attend to the cross-fertilisation of flowers by the aid of insects, from having come to the conclusion in my…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … would again bubble to the surface of Darwin’s mind. By 1858, Darwin had examined over a hundred …
  • … beginning of a period of intense orchid research, but June 1858 brought a letter that changed Darwin …

2.26 Linnean Society medal

Summary

< Back to Introduction In 1908 the Linnean Society celebrated the jubilee of ‘the greatest event’ in its whole history, which had occurred on 1 July 1858: the presentation by Charles Lyell and Joseph Hooker of papers by Darwin and Alfred Russel…

Matches: 3 hits

  • … event’ in its whole history, which had occurred on 1 July 1858: the presentation by Charles Lyell …
  • … of thanks recalled the momentous reading of the papers in 1858, and the stunned or bemused reactions …
  • … is inscribed round the rim on both sides ‘LINN.SOC.LOND: 1858–1908’. The ‘Objects exhibited in the …
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