To J. A. H. de Bosquet 19 January [1854]
Summary
Further comments on JAHdeB’s MS.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Joseph Augustin Hubert de Bosquet |
| Date: | 19 Jan [1854] |
| Classmark: | DAR 143: 130 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-1548 |
Matches: 6 hits
- … Bosquet 1854 . CD had sent the first two Cirripedia volumes, Living Cirripedia (1851) and …
- … Fossil Cirripedia (1851) , to Bosquet in December 1852 (letter to J. A. H. de Bosquet, …
- … de Limbourg. Haarlem. Fossil Cirripedia (1851): A monograph on the fossil Lepadidæ, or, …
- … cirripedes of Great Britain. By Charles Darwin. London: Palaeontographical Society. 1851. …
- … Living Cirripedia (1851): A monograph of the sub-class Cirripedia, with figures of all the …
- … The Lepadidæ; or, pedunculated cirripedes. By Charles Darwin. London: Ray Society. 1851. …
From Richard Thomas Lowe 19 September 1854
Summary
The land shells, both fossil and recent, of Madeira and Porto Santo have features peculiar to them, so RTL would have no difficulty in identifying them.
| Author: | Richard Thomas Lowe |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | 19 Sept 1854 |
| Classmark: | DAR 205.9: 392 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-1593 |
Matches: 11 hits
- … Bibliography Fossil Cirripedia (1851): A monograph on the fossil Lepadidæ, or, …
- … cirripedes of Great Britain. By Charles Darwin. London: Palaeontographical Society. 1851. …
- … Living Cirripedia (1851): A monograph of the sub-class Cirripedia, with figures of all the …
- … By Charles Darwin. London: Ray Society. 1851. Living Cirripedia (1854): A monograph of the …
- … both recent and fossil land shells. Lowe 1851 , a reprinting of two papers originally …
- … intended to replace those parts of Lowe 1851 that dealt with the Mollusca ( Lowe 1854 , …
- … Ray Society. 1854. Lowe, Richard Thomas. 1851. Primitiæ et novitiæ faunæ et floræ Maderæ …
- … See App x . to my Primitiæ (Van Voorst 1851) pp. XIV, XV. In p. XIV observe that I now …
- … interest in Madeiran natural history. CD sent Lowe copies of Living Cirripedia (1851) and …
- … Fossil Cirripedia (1851) (see MS attached to CD’s copy of Living Cirripedia (1854) in …
- … In the preface to Living Cirripedia (1851): vii, CD wrote: ‘To the Rev. R. T. Lowe I am …
To G. R. Waterhouse 29 August [1854]
Summary
Sends fossil cirripedes for the museum’s collection.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | George Robert Waterhouse |
| Date: | 29 Aug [1854] |
| Classmark: | Natural History Museum, Library and Archives (Archives DF PAL/100/7/) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-1583 |
Matches: 5 hits
- … author of a work on recent and fossil shells ( Woodward 1851–6 ). Searles Valentine Wood …
- … which CD described in Fossil Cirripedia (1851) and (1854). Wood’s collection is mentioned …
- … Bibliography Fossil Cirripedia (1851): A monograph on the fossil Lepadidæ, or, …
- … London: Palaeontographical Society. 1851. Withers, Thomas Henry. 1928–53. Catalogue of …
- … History). Woodward, Samuel Pickworth. 1851–6. A manual of the Mollusca; or, a rudimentary …
To Fanny Mackintosh Wedgwood 18 [August 1854]
Summary
Thanks for writing about E. A. Darwin’s illness. Will never forget the comfort she was [when Anne Darwin died, 1851].
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Frances Emma Elizabeth (Fanny) Mackintosh; Frances Emma Elizabeth (Fanny) Wedgwood |
| Date: | 18 [Aug 1854] |
| Classmark: | Cleveland Health Sciences Library (Robert M. Stecher collection) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-1547 |
To A. A. Gould 9 September [1854]
Summary
Returns cirripede specimens to AAG. Encloses specimens for Louis Agassiz in same box.
Since AAG is a member of the Ray Society, will not send him a copy of Living Cirripedia, vol. 2.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Augustus Addison Gould |
| Date: | 9 Sept [1854] |
| Classmark: | Houghton Library, Harvard University (Augustus A. Gould papers, 1831–66 MS Am 1210: 225) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-1591 |
To Robert Patterson 6 April [1854]
Summary
He has returned William Thompson’s MSS and, he believes, all his specimens of Cirripedia.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Robert Patterson |
| Date: | 6 Apr [1854] |
| Classmark: | Praeger 1935, p. 713 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-1565 |
To P. G. King 21 February 1854
Summary
PGK’s letter stirred memories of their old days in the Beagle.
Gives news of his work on cirripedes. Would like to examine Scalpellum papillosum of King from Patagonia if PGK’s father has a duplicate in his collection.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Philip Gidley King |
| Date: | 21 Feb 1854 |
| Classmark: | Mitchell Library, Sydney (MLMSS 3447/2 Item 1) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-1554A |
Matches: 5 hits
- … naturalist, died in 1853. Living Cirripedia (1851) described the pedunculated cirripedes. …
- … of Scalpellum papillosum in Living Cirripedia (1851) : 375 under ‘Species dubiæ’, stating …
- … cabin with CD during the Beagle voyage. From 1851, after completing a naval survey of New …
- … Journal 5: 332–49. Living Cirripedia (1851): A monograph of the sub-class Cirripedia, with …
- … By Charles Darwin. London: Ray Society. 1851. Living Cirripedia (1854): A monograph of the …
To J. A. H. de Bosquet 13 August [1854]
Summary
Thanks JAHdeB for his present of two volumes [Description des Entomostracés fossiles des terrains tertiaires de la France et de la Belgique (1852) and "Les Crustacés fossiles du Limbourg" (1854)]. CD was interested in the remarks on geographical distribution of the Entomostraca.
CD’s second volume for the Ray Society [Living Cirripedia] is finished but not yet published.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Joseph Augustin Hubert de Bosquet |
| Date: | 13 Aug [1854] |
| Classmark: | Lucy T. Eisenberg (private collection) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-1578 |
To John Price 26 [August 1854]
Summary
Discusses specimen of Balanus crenatus.
Sorry JP’s children are ill.
Will come to Liverpool if well [for meeting of BAAS].
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | John Price |
| Date: | 26 [Aug 1854] |
| Classmark: | DAR 147: 272 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-1582 |
To Thomas Salt 12 July [1854]
Summary
Thanks for money paid into his account. Has not received interest payment from Lord Powis.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Thomas Salt |
| Date: | 12 July [1854] |
| Classmark: | Rachel Salt (private collection); sold by Spink’s (dealers), July 2018 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-1577F |
To J. E. Gray 28 March [1854]
Summary
Asks for parts of The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Erebus and Terror [1844–75].
Asks about the arrangement of cirripedes at the Museum; hopes JEG will keep CD’s names.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | John Edward Gray |
| Date: | 28 Mar [1854] |
| Classmark: | Natural History Museum, Library and Archives (Zoology letters 2: 56) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-1564 |
To Albany Hancock 24 August [1854]
Summary
Can AH spare Alcippe specimens for British Museum?
C. S. Bate has found Alcippe off Plymouth.
Discusses returning specimens to AH.
Owes to AH the discussion of powers of excavation of Verruca in Living Cirripedia [vol. 2 (1854)].
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Albany Hancock |
| Date: | 24 Aug [1854] |
| Classmark: | Archives of the New York Botanical Garden (Charles Finney Cox Collection) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-1580 |
To J. D. Hooker 27 [June 1854]
Summary
CD gives his definition of "highness" and "lowness" as "morphological differentiation" from a common embryo or archetype. JDH’s view, with which CD agrees when it can be applied, is the same as Milne-Edwards’, i.e., the physiological division of labour. There is little agreement among zoologists and CD admits his own lack of clarity.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Joseph Dalton Hooker |
| Date: | 27 [June 1854] |
| Classmark: | DAR 114: 121 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-1573 |
To S. P. Woodward 6 May 1854
Summary
CD expresses his inability to accept the view that the Hippuritidae are in any way a connecting link between the oysters and the barnacles.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Samuel Pickworth Woodward |
| Date: | 6 May 1854 |
| Classmark: | Natural History Museum, Library and Archives (1909: 9) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-1570 |
To J. D. Hooker 7 July [1854]
Summary
CD’s view requires only that ancient organisms resemble embryological stages of existing ones. Thus "highness" in plants is difficult to evaluate because they have no larval stages. Would compare highest members of two groups, rather than archetype, to determine which group was higher. Against Forbes’s polarity and parallelism.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Joseph Dalton Hooker |
| Date: | 7 July [1854] |
| Classmark: | DAR 114: 123 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-1577 |
To J. W. Lubbock 28 March [1854]
Summary
Distressed to find himself in conflict with JWL on appointment of a Guardian [for the parish].
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | John William Lubbock, 3d baronet |
| Date: | 28 Mar [1854] |
| Classmark: | The Royal Society (LUB: D20) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-1563 |
To T. H. Huxley 8 September [1854]
Summary
Agrees with THH on metamorphosis of branchiae of Balanus, and on his view of Owen.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Thomas Henry Huxley |
| Date: | 8 Sept [1854] |
| Classmark: | Imperial College of Science, Technology, and Medicine Archives (Huxley 5: 11) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-1590 |
To Mrs Stutchbury 22 August 1854
Summary
Arranges to return a collection of cirripedes which belongs to her husband [Samuel Stutchbury].
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Hannah Louisa Bernard; Hannah Louisa Stutchbury |
| Date: | 22 Aug 1854 |
| Classmark: | Matthews 1982, p. 262 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-1579A |
Matches: 1 hit
- … of his cirripede monographs ( Living Cirripedia (1851): vi). Stutchbury was at the time in …
To J. D. Hooker 2 December [1854]
Summary
JDH’s "grand speech" on receiving the Royal Medal.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Joseph Dalton Hooker |
| Date: | 2 Dec [1854] |
| Classmark: | DAR 114: 158 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-1609 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … Rosse, was president of the Royal Society, 1851–4. His speech describing J. D. Hooker’s …
To a librarian [early September? 1854]
Summary
Will return all but two volumes; requests four titles, including Pepys’s Diaries, but not the first volume.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Librarian |
| Date: | [early Sept? 1854] |
| Classmark: | The British Library (Surrogate RP 9763) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-1592F |
Matches: 1 hit
- … Office directory of the six home counties 1851). The letter may have been sent to Mudie’s …
| letter | (23) |
| Darwin, C. R. | (21) |
| Hooker, J. D. | (1) |
| Lowe, R. T. | (1) |
| Bernard, H. L. | (1) |
| Bosquet, J. A. H. de | (2) |
| Darwin, C. R. | (2) |
| Gould, A. A. | (1) |
| Gray, J. E. | (1) |
| Hancock, Albany | (1) |
| Henslow, J. S. | (1) |
| Hooker, J. D. | (3) |
| Huxley, T. H. | (1) |
| King, P. G. | (1) |
| Librarian | (1) |
| Lubbock, J. W. (b) | (1) |
| Lyell, Charles | (1) |
| Mackintosh, F. E. E. | (1) |
| Patterson, Robert | (1) |
| Price, John | (1) |
| Salt, Thomas | (1) |
| Stutchbury, H. L. | (1) |
| Waterhouse, G. R. | (1) |
| Wedgwood, F. E. E. | (1) |
| Woodward, S. P. | (1) |
| Darwin, C. R. | (23) |
| Hooker, J. D. | (4) |
| Bosquet, J. A. H. de | (2) |
| Bernard, H. L. | (1) |
| Gould, A. A. | (1) |
The death of Anne Elizabeth Darwin
Summary
Charles and Emma Darwin’s eldest daughter, Annie, died at the age of ten in 1851. Emma was heavily pregnant with their fifth son, Horace, at the time and could not go with Charles when he took Annie to Malvern to consult the hydrotherapist, Dr Gully.…
Matches: 5 hits
- … Darwin’s eldest daughter, Annie, died at the age of ten in 1851. Emma was heavily pregnant with …
- … expired at Malvern at 1 Midday on the 23 d . of April 1851.— I write these few pages, as I …
- … her dear joyous face. Blessings on her.— April 30. 1851. Notes: 1 …
- … Darwin’s reaction to her sister’s death Aug. 1851. Etty nearly 8 years old. She appeared for …
- … Annie's illness and death To W. D. Fox, [ 27 March 1851 ] To Emma Darwin, [17 …
Our poor dear dear child: To Emma Darwin, [23 April 1851]
Summary
Marsha Richmond shares her experiences of editing the very moving letters Darwin wrote to his wife Emma about the death of their daughter Anne Elizabeth Darwin in 1851, aged 10.
Matches: 1 hits
- … about the death of their daughter Anne Elizabeth Darwin in 1851, aged 10. …
Darwin’s study of the Cirripedia
Summary
Darwin’s work on barnacles, conducted between 1846 and 1854, has long posed problems for historians. Coming between his transmutation notebooks and the Origin of species, it has frequently been interpreted as a digression from Darwin’s species work. Yet…
Matches: 12 hits
- … he explained in the preface to Living Cirripedia (1851): vii, ‘to have described only a single …
- … In both volumes of Living Cirripedia (1851 and 1854), Darwin devoted an …
- … parts of the mature animal.’ ( Living Cirripedia (1851): 25). As a basis for his homologies, …
- … in the various genera of Lepadidae ( Living Cirripedia (1851): 286–7), which he later …
- … the highest classificatory value’ ( Living Cirripedia (1851): 285).^12^ For delineating …
- … the cement glands of the organism ( Living Cirripedia (1851): 20). This association suggested to …
- … feel no hesitation in advancing it. ( Living Cirripedia (1851): 37–8) In Living …
- … belonging to the same species!’ ( Living Cirripedia (1851): 293)—this discovery was unique in the …
- … devoted the first sixty-five pages of Living Cirripedia (1851), and a lengthy section in …
- … by a letter he wrote to Charles Spence Bate, 13 June [1851] ( Correspondence vol. 5), in …
- … mentioned both Coral reefs and Living Cirripedia (1851), but it was the latter work that …
- … to the analogy with plants in Living Cirripedia (1851): 214: ‘Although the existence of …
Darwin’s reading notebooks
Summary
In April 1838, Darwin began recording the titles of books he had read and the books he wished to read in Notebook C (Notebooks, pp. 319–28). In 1839, these lists were copied and continued in separate notebooks. The first of these reading notebooks (DAR 119…
Matches: 24 hits
- … pages of text copied from Notebook C and carries on through 1851; the second (DAR 128) continues the …
- … from Parent to offspring of some Forms of Disease. 1851 [Whitehead 1851]. Packard. A Guide to …
- … [Malcolm 1836] H. Dixon Life of Pen [W. H. Dixon 1851].— Southeys Life of Wesley [R. …
- … Humboldt 1849]. Liebigs Lectures on Chemistry [Liebig 1851]. Sir John Davies. China …
- … Steenstrup on Hermaphroditismus [Steenstrup 1846]. 1851. Jan. 6 th . Pickering Races …
- … 1850].— April 5 Manual of Geology Lyell [Lyell 1851] —— 30 Annales des Sc. Phys. de …
- … nothing July 16 th Dixon. Pigeons [E. S. Dixon 1851].— Dec. 26. Count Odart’s …
- … Wilkie [Cunningham 1843] [DAR 119: 23b] 1851 Jan 27. M. Martineau. …
- … 1844]. good London Labour & London Poor [Mayhew 1851].— Missionary Life in Canada …
- … July 1 st . Edwardes Year in Punjaub [Edwardes 1851] good 16 Gleig’s Life of Clive [Gleig …
- … 15. Liebig Familiar letters on Chemistry [Liebig 1851]. Nov. 15 th Wilson Voyage. Scotland …
- … [DAR *128: 182] 83 Jury Report. Exhibition of 1851 on silk-worms & sheep, selection …
- … et de ses ràces ou varietes 8 o . 12. p. 1 Pl. Poitiers 1851. Chez H. Oudin [Mauduyt 1851] Read …
- … of Madeira with list of Birds ( some migratory ) [Harcourt 1851]. Yarrell has (read) Rev d …
- … Horticulture, Floriculture and Natural Science ] (1850? 1851?) must positively be read 96 …
- … 1852] grand illustrated work on Legumes [?Vilmorin-Andrieux 1851–7] 110 [DAR *128: 154] …
- … March 26. Gosse’s Sojourn in Jamaica [Gosse 1851] April 30 Journal of Horticultural Soc of …
- … 1852 . Feb. 1. Emigrants Manual [Burton 1851] March 10 th Hind’s Solar System …
- … Man’s Nature & Development [Atkinson and Martineau 1851] —— 25 Head. Home Tour …
- … of the Indian Archipelago and Eastern Asia ] Vol I to V 1851 M. Edwards. Introduction …
- … —— 13 th Neale’s Residences in Siam [Neale 1851] 22 Sir J. Davis China during War and …
- … 1853] (excellent) —— 23 Howitts Victoria [Howitt 1851] part of (poor) Oct 7 th Sir …
- … 28 th . Delineations of the Ox Tribe &c by George Vasey. 1851 [Vasey 1851]. May 28. …
- … June 8 th Sketch of Madeira by E. Vernon Harcourt p. 1851 [Harcourt 1851] —— 11 Busk …
Living and fossil cirripedia
Summary
Darwin published four volumes on barnacles, the crustacean sub-class Cirripedia, between 1851 and 1854, two on living species and two on fossil species. Written for a specialist audience, they are among the most challenging and least read of Darwin’s works…
Matches: 5 hits
- … four volumes on the crustacean sub-class Cirripedia between 1851 and 1854, two on living species and …
- … made to the plates, but even close to publication in early 1851, Darwin told Sowerby, ‘ I like the …
- … books. ’ When the first fossil monograph appeared in June 1851, it was the third part of volume 5 …
- … of the living species; having finished writing in July 1851 , he corrected proof-sheets from …
- … the first volume of Living Cirripedia bears the date 1851, it did not appear until January …
Darwin in letters, 1847-1850: Microscopes and barnacles
Summary
Darwin's study of barnacles, begun in 1844, took him eight years to complete. The correspondence reveals how his interest in a species found during the Beagle voyage developed into an investigation of the comparative anatomy of other cirripedes and…
Matches: 3 hits
- … confusing sub-class of Crustacea, Living Cirripedia (1851, 1854) and Fossil Cirripedia (1851 …
- … dioecious plants from monoecious forms (Living Cirripedia (1851): 214; (1854): 29, 528 n.) and, at …
- … he justified in a lengthy footnote (Living Cirripedia (1851): 293 n.). The problem that bothered …
Darwin in letters, 1851-1855: Death of a daughter
Summary
The letters from these years reveal the main preoccupations of Darwin’s life with a new intensity. The period opens with a family tragedy in the death of Darwin’s oldest and favourite daughter, Anne, and it shows how, weary and mourning his dead child,…
1.3 Thomas Herbert Maguire, lithograph
Summary
< Back to Introduction This striking portrait of Darwin, dating from 1849, belonged to a series of about sixty lithographic portraits of naturalists and other scientists drawn by Thomas Herbert Maguire. They were successively commissioned over a…
Matches: 5 hits
- … the small impression that can be purchased.’ In 1851 the scope of the project was expanded …
- … in securing the Association’s decision to hold its July 1851 meeting in Ipswich. Furthermore, this …
- … When Prince Albert himself visited the Ipswich conference in 1851 amid great celebrations, he too …
- … Letter from Ransome to Michael Faraday, 6 June 1851, in Frank A.J.L. James (ed.), The …
- … of Science’, dated from Ipswich, Times (3 July 1851), p. 5. ‘Visit of Prince Albert to Ipswich’, …
Alexander Burns Usborne
Summary
Alexander Burns Usborne was born in Kendal, Westmorland, in 1808, the son of Alexander and Margaret Usborne; his father died in 1818 and in his will was described as the purser on HMS Hannibal. His son joined the navy in 1825 aged 16 as a second-class…
George Robert Waterhouse
Summary
George Waterhouse was born on 6 March 1810 in Somers Town, North London. His father was a solicitor’s clerk and an amateur lepidopterist. George was educated from 1821-24 at Koekelberg near Brussels. On his return he worked for a time as an apprentice to…
Matches: 1 hits
- … branch. Waterhouse became keeper of mineralogy in 1851 and keeper of geology in 1856, where he added …
Darwin and Fatherhood
Summary
Charles Darwin married Emma Wedgwood in 1839 and over the next seventeen years the couple had ten children. It is often assumed that Darwin was an exceptional Victorian father. But how extraordinary was he? The Correspondence Project allows an unusually…
Bartholomew James Sulivan
Summary
On Christmas Day 1866, Bartholomew Sulivan sat down to write a typically long and chatty letter to his old friend, Charles Darwin, commiserating on shared ill-health, glorying in the achievements of their children, offering to collect plant specimens, and…
People featured in the Dutch photograph album
Summary
Here is a list of people that appeared in the photograph album Darwin received for his birthday on 12 February 1877 from scientific admirers in the Netherlands. Many thanks to Hester Loeff for identifying and researching them. No. …
John Murray
Summary
Darwin's most famous book On the origin of species by means of natural selection (Origin) was published on 22 November 1859. The publisher was John Murray, who specialised in non-fiction, particularly politics, travel and science, and had published…
Matches: 1 hits
- … publications, his barnacle books ( Fossil Cirripedia (1851 and 1854) and Living Cirripedia …
People featured in the Dutch photograph album
Summary
List of people appearing in the photograph album Darwin received from scientific admirers in the Netherlands for his birthday on 12 February 1877. We are grateful to Hester Loeff for providing this list and for permission to make her research available.…
George Eliot (Mary Ann Evans)
Summary
George Eliot was the pen name of celebrated Victorian novelist Mary Ann Evans (1819-1880). She was born on the outskirts of Nuneaton in Warwickshire and was educated at boarding schools from the age of five until she was 16. Her education ended when she…
Matches: 1 hits
- … responsible for the magazine's success at that time. In 1851 she met the philosopher, writer …
Thomas Henry Huxley
Summary
Dubbed “Darwin’s bulldog” for his combative role in controversies over evolution, Huxley was a leading Victorian zoologist, science popularizer, and education reformer. He was born in Ealing, a small village west of London, in 1825. With only two years of…
Death of Annie Darwin
Summary
The Darwins' 10-year old daughter, Anne Elizabeth, dies in Malvern. Charles is with her, but Emma, heavily pregnant, has to stay behind at Down.
Matches: 1 hits
- … The Darwins' 10-year old daughter, Anne Elizabeth, dies in Malvern. Charles is with her, but Emma …
Horace Darwin born
Summary
Darwin's son, and ninth child, Horace is born
Matches: 1 hits
- … Darwin's son, and ninth child, Horace is born …
About Darwin
Summary
To many of us, Darwin’s name is synonymous with his theory of evolution by natural selection. But even before the publication of On the Origin of Species in 1859, he was publicly known through his popular book about the voyage of the Beagle, and he was…
Matches: 1 hits
- … in his sense of loss when his daughter Annie died in 1851. Darwin was educated at the …
