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Darwin’s study of the Cirripedia

Summary

Darwin’s work on barnacles, conducted between 1846 and 1854, has long posed problems for historians. Coming between his transmutation notebooks and the Origin of species, it has frequently been interpreted as a digression from Darwin’s species work. Yet…

Matches: 23 hits

  • Darwins work on barnacles, conducted between 1846 and 1854, has long posed
  • … , it has frequently been interpreted as a digression from Darwins species work. Yet when this study
  • anomalous. Moreover, as the letters in this volume suggest, Darwins study of cirripedes, far from
  • classification using the most recent methods available, Darwin was able to provide a thorough
  • his views on the species question (Crisp 1983).    Darwins interest in invertebrate zoology
  • voyage. Darwin expressed his current enthusiasm in a letter to William Darwin Fox, 23 May 1833 ( …
  • such questions as yours,—whether number of species &c &c should enter as an element in
  • from common stocksIn this view all relations of analogy &c &c &, consist of those
  • metamorphoses, as we shall see presently in Hippoboscus &c  states that in Crust, antennæ & …
  • 1852) or elevating it to a separate class altogether (R. Owen 1855). Milne-Edwards and Owen also
  • as a distinct class between the Crustacea and the Annelida (R. Owen 1855).^7^ Darwin, however, with
  • of the common barnacles (the Lepadidae and Balanidae) in 1853. Upon dissecting Alcippe and
  • was challenged in 1859 by August Krohn. As he admitted in a letter to Charles Lyell, 28 September
  • … (as Darwin called it in his Autobiography and in his letter to Lyell), was more than a matter of
  • Toward the end of his study of Balanus , in a letter to Hooker on 25 September [1853] ( …
  • latter instrument suited his purposes well; he reported in a letter to Richard Owen, 26 March 1848
  • and mounting his specimens is well demonstrated by a letter he wrote to Charles Spence Bate, 13
  • spirits  Every cirriped that I dissect I preserve the jaws &c. &c. in this manner, which
  • received the Royal Medal of the Royal Society of London in 1853, even before completing the second
  • vol. 5, letter from J. D. Hooker, [4 November 1853] ), Hooker wrote: ‘The RS. have voted you the
  • printed in the Proceedings of the Royal Society 6 (1853): 3556, mentioned both Coral reefs
  • conception of archetype in a letter to Huxley, 23 April [1853] ( Correspondence vol. 5), …
  • CDs specimen has remained unique. (The editors thank Drs R. W. Ingle and G. Boxshall of the British

Darwin’s reading notebooks

Summary

In April 1838, Darwin began recording the titles of books he had read and the books he wished to read in Notebook C (Notebooks, pp. 319–28). In 1839, these lists were copied and continued in separate notebooks. The first of these reading notebooks (DAR 119…

Matches: 26 hits

  • In April 1838, Darwin began recording the titles of books he had read and the books he wished to
  • … (DAR 119) opens with five pages of text copied from Notebook C and carries on through 1851; the
  • used these notebooks extensively in dating and annotating Darwins letters; the full transcript
  • … *128). For clarity, the transcript does not record Darwins alterations. The spelling and
  • book had been consulted. Those cases where it appears that Darwin made a genuine deletion have been
  • by H. W. Rutherford ( Catalogue of the library of Charles Darwin now in the Botany School, …
  • to be Read [DAR *119: Inside Front Cover] C. Darwin June 1 st . 1838
  • … [DAR *119: 2v.] Whites regular gradation in man [C. White 1799] Lindleys
  • … [Reimarius 1760] The Highlands & Western Isl ds  letter to Sir W Scott [MacCulloch 1824
  • Louisiana [darby 1816] & Finch Travels [Finch 1833]. (Lyell) Maximilian in Brazil [Wied
  • 183440]: In Portfolio ofabstracts34  —letter from Skuckard of books on Silk Worm
  • of Mexico [W. H. Prescott 1843], strongly recommended by Lyell (read) Berkeleys Works
  • 1844] L d  Cloncurry Memm [Lawless 1849] Lady Lyell Sir J Heads Forest scenes in
  • … [Fellows 1839] Catherine 48 Life of Collins R.A. [Collins 1848] Phases of Faith
  • Martineau [H. Martineau 1837] Layards Babylon [Layard 1853] Vol. V of Campbells
  • round world 18036 [Lisyansky 1814]— nothing Lyells Elements of Geology [Lyell 1838] …
  • J 57  Brownes Religio Medici [T. Browne 1643] Lyells Book III 5th Edit 58  [Lyell 1837] …
  • Land [Twamley 1852] Life of T. Moore [?T. Moore 18536] have read vol III. Mundys
  • 1859]. (goodish) 1  The personal library of Charles Stokes from whom CD borrowed books
  • Erskine. 2 vols. London.  *119: 14 Babington, Charles Cardale. 1839Primitiæ floræ   …
  • of Useful Knowledge.) London.  *119: 13 Badham, Charles David. 1845Insect life . …
  • … [Abstract in DAR 205.3: 180.] 119: 21a Bell, Charles. 1806Essays on the anatomy of
  • of the London Clay . London.  *119: 12v. Brace, Charles Loring. 1852Hungary in 1851: …
  • 1848Memoirs of the life of William   Collins, Esq., R.A.  2 vols. London.  *119: 23; 119: …
  • by Richard Owen.  Vol. 4 of  The works of John Hunter, F.R.S. with notes . Edited by James F. …
  • Robert. 1843Memoirs of the life of John   Constable, R.A., composed chiefly of his letters. …

Religion

Summary

Design|Personal Belief|Beauty|The Church Perhaps the most notorious realm of controversy over evolution in Darwin's day was religion. The same can be said of the evolution controversy today; however the nature of the disputes and the manner in…

Matches: 15 hits

  • … the most notorious realm of controversy over evolution in Darwin's day was religion. The same …
  • … nineteenth century were different in important ways. Many of Darwin's leading supporters were …
  • … their religious beliefs with evolutionary theory. Darwin's own writing, both in print and …
  • … much as possible. A number of correspondents tried to draw Darwin out on his own religious views, …
  • … political contexts. Design Darwin was not the first to challenge …
  • … of departure reviews of Origin . The second is a single letter from naturalist A. R. Wallace to …
  • … everything is the result of “brute force”. Letter 2855 — Darwin, C. R. to Gray, Asa, 3 …
  • … nature, as he is in a “muddle” on this issue. Letter 3256 — Darwin, C. R. to Gray, Asa, …
  • … about an angel. Letter 3342 — Darwin, C. R. to Gray, Asa, 11 Dec [1861] Darwin …
  • … questions about design. Letter 6167 — Darwin, C. R. to Gray, Asa, 8 May [1868] …
  • Letter 5140 — Wallace, A. R. to Darwin, C. R., 2 July 1866 Wallace writes a lengthy analysis …
  • … up revelation”. Letter 2534 — Kingsley, Charles to Darwin, C. R., 18 Nov 1859 …
  • … on beauty. Letter 4752 — Darwin, C. R. to Lyell, Charles, 22 Jan [1865] Darwin …
  • … of beauty by animals. Letter 5565 — Kingsley, Charles to Darwin, C. R., 6 June 1867 …
  • … 1536 — Darwin, C. R. to Lubbock, J. W. (b), 11 Oct [1853] Darwin gives his opinion to Sir …

Before Origin: the ‘big book’

Summary

Darwin began ‘sorting notes for Species Theory’ on 9 September 1854, the very day he concluded his eight-year study of barnacles (Darwin's Journal). He had long considered the question of species. In 1842, he outlined a theory of transmutation in a…

Matches: 21 hits

  • Darwin begansorting notes for Species Theoryon 9 September 1854, the
  • day he concluded his eight-year study of barnacles ( Darwin's Journal ). He had long
  • to paper in a more substantial essay. By this point, Darwin had also admitted to his close friend
  • he acknowledged, ‘ like confessing a murder ’. While Darwin recognised he had far more work to do
  • reaction to the transmutation theory it contained convinced Darwin that further evidence for the
  • of Vestiges to him. It took another ten years before Darwin felt ready to start collating his
  • I shall feel, if I when I get my notes together on species &c &c, the whole thing explodes
  • introduction to Hookers Flora of New Zealand in October 1853, he discovered that it contained
  • to the entire natural history community by sending a letter to the GardenersChronicle , …
  • geograph. distribution, geological historyaffinities &c &c &c.. And it seems to me, …
  • him: none more so than that of his old friend, the geologist Charles Lyell, who, in May 1856, twenty
  • his theory ( Darwin's Journal ). Just a month earlier, Lyells brother-in-law Charles
  • Darwin also understood the urgency to publish and, following Lyells advice in May 1856, began to
  • By November 1856, he had both good and bad news to report to Lyell: ‘ I am working very steadily at
  • it adequately. On 18 June 1858, Darwin received a now lost letter from Wallace enclosing his essay
  • the Original Type', which Wallace asked to be forwarded to Lyell (Wyhe 2012). Writing to
  • called diphtheria. Then, on 23 June, Darwins infant son, Charles, ‘ commenced with Fever of some
  • his nurse had sickened. The following day, Darwin accepted Lyell and Hookers suggestion that they
  • now writing a great work. He showed it to Dr. Hooker and Sir Charles Lyell, who thought so highly of
  • I had, however, quite resigned myself & had written half a letter to Wallace to give up all
  • and a half chapters were edited and published in 1975 by R. C. Stauffer under the title Charles

Darwin in letters, 1851-1855: Death of a daughter

Summary

The letters from these years reveal the main preoccupations of Darwin’s life with a new intensity. The period opens with a family tragedy in the death of Darwin’s oldest and favourite daughter, Anne, and it shows how, weary and mourning his dead child,…

Matches: 22 hits

  • letters from these years reveal the main preoccupations of Darwins life with a new intensity. The
  • life but I trust happy The anguish felt by Darwin is painfully expressed in letters
  • speak of her again. Yet the family gradually recovered, Darwins monographs were printed, and Darwin
  • to the cirripedes. Before turning to his species work, Darwin somewhat ruefully recorded in his
  • monographs by natural history societies, though welcomed by Darwin, did not run smoothly. …
  • public recognition of his scientific achievements when, in 1853, he was awarded a Royal Medal by the
  • the  Correspondence  describes the major achievements of Darwins cirripede work as a whole and
  • societies, which were supported by subscriptions, was that Darwins volumes were not publicly
  • in Germany at the forefront of work in invertebrate zoology, Darwin began a correspondence with
  • provided the foundations for a relationship with Darwin that soon developed into a valued friendship
  • April 1854, when his cirripede study was drawing to a close, Darwin re-entered London scientific
  • thought to proposing men of scientific eminence, such as Charles Lyell and Henri Milne-Edwards, for
  • with lots of claret is what I want Perhaps Darwins decision to take a more active
  • in his health was indicated by his comment in a letter to Hooker on 29 [May 1854] : ‘Very far
  • to substantiate it is manifest in the correspondence. Darwins friends and colleagues were
  • outspoken young naturalists like Huxley, reacted eagerly to Darwins suggestions, although not
  • large-scale geological changes. As he told Hooker in a letter of 5 June [1855] , ‘it shocks my
  • the dispersal of animals and plants with Hooker who, with Charles Lyell and Edward Forbes, was one
  • he had written to Hooker ( Correspondence  vol. 4, letter to J. D. Hooker, 13 [June 1850] ), …
  • interested in animal breeding. As Darwin told Fox in a letter of 27 March [1855] , the object of
  • classification Hybridism, domestic animals & plants &c &c &c) to see how far they
  • … ‘all nature is perverse & will not do as I wish it’ ( letter to W. D. Fox, 7 May [1855] ). But

Darwin’s hothouse and lists of hothouse plants

Summary

Darwin became increasingly involved in botanical experiments in the years after the publication of Origin. The building of a small hothouse - a heated greenhouse - early in 1863  greatly increased the range of plants that he could keep for scientific…

Matches: 23 hits

  • Towards the end of 1862, Darwin resolved to build a small hothouse at Down House, forexperimental
  • hothouse early in 1863 marked something of a milestone in Darwins botanical work, since it greatly
  • book (Down House MS) and  Correspondence  vol5, letter to JD. Hooker, 19 April [1855] ). …
  • Though his greenhouse was probably heated to some extent, Darwin found himself on several occasions
  • make observations and even experiments on his behalf. Darwins decision to build a hothouse
  • its sensitivity to touch (see  Correspondence  vol10, letter to JD. Hooker, 12 [December
  • his employers hothouses over the previous two years. In a letter of 24 December [1862] ( …
  • Encyclopedia of gardening  (Loudon 1835), a copy of which Darwin signed in 1841 (see the copy in
  • of heat’ (p1100). The latter was the sense in which Darwin used the word. The building of
  • he had had, he wouldprobably have made a mess of it’ (letter to GH. Turnbull, [16? February
  • addingI shall keep to curious & experimental plants’ (letter to JD. Hooker, 13 January
  • of Westerham, with whom he had dealt over many years. In his letter to Hooker, Darwin mentioned that
  • of the plants you want before going to Nurserymen’ (letter from JD. Hooker, [15 January 1863] ) …
  • I shall avoid[,] of course I must not have from Kew’ (letter to JD. Hooker, 30 January [1863] ) …
  • him: ‘I long to stock it, just like a school-boy’ (letter to JDHooker, 15 February [1863] ). …
  • of the tropics ( Correspondence  vol3, letter to Charles Lyell, 8 October [1845] ). …
  • continuing: ‘Do you not think you ought to be sent with M r  Gower to the Police Court?’ (William
  • had4 houses of different temperatures’ (letter to WC. Tait, 12 and 16 March [1869] ,  …
  • which he received in mid-February (see letter from LC. Treviranus, 12 February 1863 ). …
  • or orders listed. Corrected spellings are taken from Lindley 1853Index Kewensis , the  Gray
  • …  The reference is to James Bateman, an orchid specialist (RDesmond 1994). 17.  Stylidium
  • …       Chæmatostigma.       …
  • Cyanophyllum magnificum M  r  Low 29 | of Melastomaceæ …