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Darwin in letters, 1877: Flowers and honours
Summary
Ever since the publication of Expression, Darwin’s research had centred firmly on botany. The year 1877 was no exception. The spring and early summer were spent completing Forms of flowers, his fifth book on a botanical topic. He then turned to the…
Matches: 21 hits
- … Ever since the publication of Expression , Darwin’s research had centred firmly on botany. The …
- … of these projects would culminate in a major publication. Darwin’s botany was increasingly a …
- … assisted his father’s research on movement and bloom, and Darwin in turn encouraged his son’s own …
- … from a family that the Darwins had befriended. The year 1877 was more than usually full of honours. …
- … from Germany, Austria, and the Netherlands. Closer to home, Darwin received an honorary Doctorate of …
- … sites for possible earthworm activity. Now in his 69th year, Darwin remained remarkably productive, …
- … no controversy. In his autobiographical reflections, Darwin remarked: ‘no little discovery of …
- … (‘Recollections’, p. 419). During the winter and spring, Darwin was busy preparing the manuscript of …
- … and presented to the Linnean Society of London. In the book, Darwin adopted the more recent term …
- … as dimorphic without comparing pollen-grains & stigmas’, Darwin remarked to Joseph Dalton …
- … In the end, Darwin did not publish on the subject, but Francis later reported some of the results of …
- … of a very heavy shower’, William wrote on 24 August 1877 . ‘The leaves were not at all depressed; …
- … gardeners ( letter from W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, 25 August 1877 ). At Down House, Darwin and …
- … a delicate twig’ ( letter to R. I. Lynch, 14 September 1877 ). Research on movement would continue …
- … with thread, card, and bits of glass. Encouraging Francis Darwin greatly enjoyed …
- … eminent German botanist Ferdinand Julius Cohn, who confirmed Francis’s observations: ‘the most …
- … of some Infusoria’ ( letter from F. J. Cohn, 5 August 1877 ). Francis’s paper eventually appeared …
- … wrote to the editor, George Croom Robertson, on 27 April 1877 , ‘I hope that you will be so good …
- … had written to the editor Ernst Ludwig Krause on 30 June 1877 , ‘I have been much interested by …
- … the German debate (letters to W. E. Gladstone, 2 October 1877 and 25 October [1877] ). …
- … had visited Down House and become friendly with George and Francis. He wrote to Francis on 24 …
1877 letters now online
Summary
Flowers, bloom, a son married . . . and a suspended monkey in Cambridge at Darwin's honorary LLD ceremony. The transcripts and footnotes of over 600 letters written to and from Darwin in 1877 are now online. Read more about Darwin's life in 1877…
Matches: 9 hits
- … a son married . . . and a suspended monkey in Cambridge at Darwin's honorary LLD ceremony. The …
- … than a few hundred copies w d . be sold Darwin spent the spring and early summer …
- … measurements of the size and number of pollen-grains, Darwin compared the fertility of individual …
- … times. His publisher knew from previous experience that Darwin was a poor judge of sales, and …
- … after completing his manuscript of Forms of flowers , Darwin took up the problem of ‘bloom’ in …
- … whose function was little understood. In the end, Darwin did not publish on the subject, but his son …
- … at the work. Alongside his work on bloom, Darwin resumed observations on the movement …
- … A notable departure from botanical work came in April, when Darwin submitted his paper ‘Biographical …
- … Cause for celebration came in November when Darwin’s alma mater, the University of Cambridge, …
Darwin in letters, 1879: Tracing roots
Summary
Darwin spent a considerable part of 1879 in the eighteenth century. His journey back in time started when he decided to publish a biographical account of his grandfather Erasmus Darwin to accompany a translation of an essay on Erasmus’s evolutionary ideas…
Matches: 21 hits
- … There are summaries of all Darwin's letters from the year 1879 on this website. The full texts …
- … 27 of the print edition of The correspondence of Charles Darwin , published by Cambridge …
- … to publish a biographical account of his grandfather Erasmus Darwin to accompany a translation of an …
- … the sensitivity of the tips. Despite this breakthrough, when Darwin first mentioned the book to his …
- … 1879 ). He was also unsatisfied with his account of Erasmus Darwin, declaring, ‘My little biography …
- … W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, [after 26] July [1879] ). From July, Darwin had an additional worry: the …
- … that his grandfather had felt the same way. In 1792, Erasmus Darwin had written: ‘The worst thing I …
- … contained a warmer note and the promise of future happiness: Darwin learned he was to be visited by …
- … Hacon, 31 December 1879 ). Seventy years old Darwin’s seventieth birthday on 12 …
- … Virchow’s attempt to discredit evolutionary theory in 1877, assured him that his views were now …
- … editor of the journal Kosmos , which had been founded in 1877 by Krause and others as a journal …
- … with Charles Darwin and Ernst Haeckel. Kosmos was, as Francis Darwin reported from Germany that …
- … the children correctly’, mentioning in particular that Francis Galton was the son of one of Erasmus …
- … to contradict false statements that had been published by Francis Galton’s aunt, Mary Anne …
- … for Captain Robert FitzRoy on the Beagle voyage, Francis Beaufort of the Admiralty described the …
- … and poet’ ( Correspondence vol. 1, letter from Francis Beaufort to Robert FitzRoy, 1 September …
- … and particularly the theory of natural selection in 1877) had previously told Krause, ‘He is a very …
- … perplexed than ever about life of D r . D’ ( letter to Francis Darwin, 12 July [1879] ). It was …
- … in plants. Over the previous two years, he and his son Francis had worked together on the …
- … of radicles, the embryonic roots of seedlings ( letter to Francis Darwin, 16 June [1879] ). …
- … of laws he had received from Cambridge University in 1877. Emma Darwin recorded that Darwin found …
Darwin in letters, 1878: Movement and sleep
Summary
In 1878, Darwin devoted most of his attention to the movements of plants. He investigated the growth pattern of roots and shoots, studying the function of specific organs in this process. Working closely with his son Francis, Darwin devised a series of…
Matches: 24 hits
- … lessen injury to leaves from radiation In 1878, Darwin devoted most of his attention to …
- … organs in this process. Working closely with his son Francis, Darwin devised a series of experiments …
- … of most advanced plant laboratories in Europe. While Francis was away, Darwin delighted in …
- … from botanical research was provided by potatoes, as Darwin took up the cause of an Irish …
- … would rid Ireland of famine. Several correspondents pressed Darwin for his views on religion, …
- … closed with remarkable news of a large legacy bequeathed to Darwin by a stranger as a reward for his …
- … birthday ( letter to Ernst Haeckel, 12 February [1878] ), Darwin reflected that it was ‘more …
- … Expression ), and the final revision of Origin (1872), Darwin had turned almost exclusively to …
- … Movement in plants In the spring of 1878, Darwin started to focus on the first shoots and …
- … were enrolled as researchers, as were family members. Darwin asked his niece Sophy to observe …
- … ( letter to Sophy Wedgwood, 24 March [1878–80] ). While Darwin was studying the function of …
- … on one side, then another, to produce movement in the stalk. Darwin compared adult and young leaves …
- … (see Movement in plants , pp. 112–13). He explained to Francis on 2 July : ‘I go on maundering …
- … after growth has ceased or nearly ceased.’ Finally, Darwin turned to plant motion below the …
- … precision the lines of least resistance in the ground.’ Darwin would devote a whole chapter to the …
- … out that he missed sensitiveness of apex’ ( letter to Francis Darwin, [11 May 1878] ). …
- … the bassoon & apparently more by a high than a low note.’ Francis apparently played the musical …
- … on plant movement were intensely collaborative, with Francis playing a more active role than ever. …
- … exchanged when they were apart. At the start of June, Francis left to work at Sach’s laboratory in …
- … ( letter to W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, 18 June [1878] ). While Francis was away, Darwin sent regular …
- … to talk to, about my work, I scribble to you ( letter to Francis Darwin, 7 [July 1878] ). Two …
- … is horrid not having you to discuss it with’ ( letter to Francis Darwin, 20 [July 1878] ). …
- … topics and dictating experimental method and design. Francis seems to have been allowed to work more …
- … the German Association of Naturalists in September 1877, Darwin’s outspoken supporter Ernst Haeckel …
Francis Darwin
Summary
Known to his family as ‘Frank’, Charles Darwin’s seventh child himself became a distinguished scientist. He was an undergraduate at Trinity College, Cambridge, initially studying mathematics, but then transferring to natural sciences. Francis completed…
Matches: 8 hits
- … Known to his family as ‘Frank’, Charles Darwin’s seventh child himself became a distinguished …
- … but then transferring to natural sciences. Francis completed his studies at Cambridge, …
- … into debt and had kept the matter secret for some months. Darwin was very stern in his advice: ‘I …
- … an old fellow as I daresay I appear to you’ (letter to Francis Darwin, 18 October [1870] ). …
- … engaged to Amy Ruck in 1872; the couple married in 1874. Francis was already living in Down. and …
- … a laboratory run by Julius von Sachs in Wurzburg. Francis Darwin was elected to the Royal …
- … course, that his father had not been knighted, although in 1877 Charles Darwin was awarded an …
- … ( The Power of Movement in Plants, 1880). Perhaps Francis Darwin, whom the family regarded as a …
Cross and self fertilisation
Summary
The effects of cross and self fertilisation in the vegetable kingdom, published on 10 November 1876, was the result of a decade-long project to provide evidence for Darwin’s belief that ‘‘Nature thus tells us, in the most emphatic manner, that she abhors…
Matches: 26 hits
- … the result of a decade-long project to provide evidence for Darwin’s belief that ‘‘Nature thus tells …
- … on plants with two or three different forms of flowers, Darwin had focused on the anatomical and …
- … of different forms of pollen. Although many plants that Darwin observed had flowers with adaptations …
- … rates, growth, and constitutional vigour. Although Darwin was no stranger to long months and years …
- … … is highly remarkable’ In September 1866, Darwin announced to the American botanist …
- … several years ( To Édouard Bornet, 1 December 1866 ). Darwin began a series of experiments, …
- … ). It was only after a new season of experiments that Darwin would confirm that this poppy shed its …
- … access to flowers was only the tip of the iceberg. Darwin next focused on the California …
- … conditions’ ( From Fritz Müller, 1 December 1866 ). Darwin’s interest was piqued and he described …
- … when self-fertilised, although fewer than crossed plants. Darwin sent some of these seeds to Müller, …
- … [1868] ). Müller, in turn, sent seeds from his plants to Darwin and both men continued to …
- … Müller remarked, on receiving a new batch of seeds from Darwin, ‘that it was ‘curious to see, on …
- … ( From Fritz Müller, 15 June 1869 ). By May 1870, Darwin reported that he was ‘rearing crossed …
- … 8 January 1876] ). It was his cousin, the statistician Francis Galton, who provided a statistical …
- … to publish the report in the introduction to the book ( To Francis Galton, 13 January [1876] ). …
- … 6 June 1876] ). The project proved to be too complex and Francis Darwin later recalled, ‘the …
- … birth of Darwin’s first grandchild, a son born to Amy and Francis Darwin on 7 September, suddenly …
- … if, as I expect, you find it too much for you’ ( To Francis Darwin, 16 September [1876] ). Francis …
- … have accepted all, though some slightly modified’ ( To Francis Darwin, 20 September [1876] ). …
- … ‘Your corrections are very good & very useful’ ( To Francis Darwin 25 September [1876] ). …
- … of plants.’ ( From Friedrich Hildebrand, 18 January 1877 ). Hermann Müller enthused that Darwin’s …
- … my book’ ( To Gardeners’ Chronicle , 19 February [1877] ). In contrast, as Hooker told Darwin, …
- … gloats over it' ( From J. D. Hooker, 27 January 1877 ). Darwin was especially pleased with …
- … have quite eviscerated it’ ( To Asa Gray, 18 February [1877] ). By mid-March 1877, the edition was …
- … index a little altered’ ( To R. F. Cooke, 11 December [1877] ). These changes were necessitated by …
- … wheat that he had studied ( From A. W. Rimpau, 10 December 1877 ). By the end of February 1878, …
Dipsacus and Drosera: Frank’s favourite carnivores
Summary
In Autumn of 1875, Francis Darwin was busy researching aggregation in the tentacles of Drosera rotundifolia (F. Darwin 1876). This phenomenon occurs when coloured particles within either protoplasm or the fluid in the cell vacuole (the cell sap) cluster…
Matches: 24 hits
- … By John Schaefer, Harvard University* Charles Darwin’s enthusiasm for carnivorous plants -- …
- … than the origin of all the species in the world. ’ Darwin’s rigorous experimentation with these …
- … plants in the scientific and public imagination. Darwin’s son, Francis, carried on his father …
- … experience with his father's thorough experiments, Francis sought to elaborate on the book’s …
- … fluid in the cell vacuole (the cell sap) cluster together. Darwin senior had theorized in …
- … protoplasm . Inspired by his investigation of Drosera , Francis set out to examine the cup-like …
- … The Loves of the Plants (1789) his grandfather, Erasmus Darwin, wrote that each dew-filled cup …
- … to prevent insects from creeping up to devour its seed.’ Francis, however, expected to find that the …
- … sent to his father from Kew Gardens by Joseph Dalton Hooker, Francis began growing his own specimens …
- … into deciphering plant carnivory. On 28 May 1876, Francis wrote to his father that he had …
- … emphatically exclaiming ‘ Hooray theory. Blow facts. ’ Francis drew comparisons to ‘the absorption …
- … article on aggregation in D. rotundifolia tentacles, Francis had to delay further examinations …
- … investigation and suggested further observations, imploring Francis ‘ I would work at this subject …
- … ‘Seed-bearing’ experiments with Dipsacus . While Darwin was ‘curious if the movements of the …
- … golden eggs. ’ With his father's encouragement, Francis recorded ‘ splendid …
- … After witnessing this ‘ grand discovery ’ himself, Darwin excitedly described the protoplasmic …
- … William Thiselton-Dyer at Kew Gardens by early July, and Darwin wrote to his second son, George …
- … and proofreading Darwin’s second edition of Orchids (1877). By January of the following …
- … ( Dipsacus sylvestris )’ at the Royal Society on 1 March 1877 (F. Darwin 1877a). His address was …
- … and a plate of sixteen figures, was published in July 1877 in the Quarterly Journal of …
- … the journal by the end of the month ( Nature , 23 August 1877, p. 339). Although, as Darwin …
- … to his father’s beloved Drosera rotundifolia in June 1877, finding sundews that had been ‘fed’ …
- … Grant. References Darwin, C. 1877. The Contractile Filaments of the …
- … teasel ( Dipsacus sylvestris ). (Abstract.) [Read 1 March 1877.] Proceedings of the Royal …
Movement in Plants
Summary
The power of movement in plants, published on 7 November 1880, was the final large botanical work that Darwin wrote. It was the only work in which the assistance of one of his children, Francis Darwin, is mentioned on the title page. The research for this…
Matches: 23 hits
- … 7 November 1880, was the final large botanical work that Darwin wrote. It was the only work in which …
- … about their research while he was away from home. Although Darwin lacked a state of the art research …
- … research being pursued by other naturalists who, like Francis, had come to this centre for the study …
- … methods and use the most advanced laboratory equipment. Darwin also benefitted from the instrument …
- … copied but also improved on some of the apparatuses that Francis had been introduced to at Würzburg. …
- … plant physiology, but it was at its core informed by Darwin’s theory of evolution, particularly by …
- … early 1860s, at a time when his health was especially bad, Darwin had taken up the study of climbing …
- … reproduced as a small book, giving it a much wider audience. Darwin was not the first naturalist to …
- … which eventually appeared in 1875. In the same year, Darwin published a much longer work, …
- … about the nature of movement, so much so, that at one point Darwin had considered combining the …
- … digestive processes. With his final great botanical work, Darwin would attempt ‘ to bring all the …
- … emotions had their origins in non-human animal expression. Darwin had not done experimental work in …
- … from all over Europe and beyond. When Darwin’s son Francis worked in this laboratory in the summers …
- … had also asked Horace to discuss the point with his friend Francis Balfour(258). Darwin promised to …
- … ‘Very curious results’ In May 1877, Darwin asked one of his most trusted …
- … of any success. '. Just two months later, Darwin put Francis in charge of this aspect of the …
- … of movement ( letter from R. I. Lynch, [before 28 July 1877] ). ‘ I do not believe I sh d . …
- … more familiar with the research in Sachs’s laboratory as Francis’s departure for Würzburg was …
- … to Wurzburg, & work by myself will be dull work’ . Francis was in Würzburg until early August. …
- … good instruments were never far from Darwin’s thinking. Francis viewed the new instruments he was …
- … design an improved version of the instrument, a klinostat; Francis later described and illustrated …
- … was the relationship between bending movement and growth. Francis described the disagreements about …
- … those of Gray, who had written an article on the subject in 1877 (A. Gray 1877e). Gray had reported …
Language: key letters
Summary
How and why language evolved bears on larger questions about the evolution of the human species, and the relationship between man and animals. Darwin presented his views on the development of human speech from animal sounds in The Descent of Man (1871),…
Matches: 13 hits
- … human species, and the relationship between man and animals. Darwin presented his views on the …
- … he first began to reflect on the transmutation of species. Darwin’s correspondence reveals the scope …
- … he exchanged information and ideas. Letter 346: Darwin, C. R. to Darwin, C. S., 27 Feb 1837 …
- … one stock.” Letter 2070: Wedgwood, Hensleigh to Darwin, C. R., [before 29 Sept 1857] …
- … down of former continents.” Letter 3054: Darwin, C. R. to Lyell, Charles, 2 Feb [1861] …
- … that languages, like species, were separately created. Darwin writes to the geologist Charles Lyell …
- … I tell him is perfectly logical.” Letter 5605: Darwin, C. R. to Müller, J. F. T., 15 Aug …
- … loud noise?” Letter 7040: Wedgwood, Hensleigh to Darwin, C. R., [1868-70?] As …
- … gradually growing to such a stage” Letter 8367: Darwin, C. R. to Wright, Chauncey, 3 June …
- … unconsciously altering the breed. Letter 8962: Darwin, C. R. to Max Müller, Friedrich, 3 …
- … Letter 10194: Max Müller, Friedrich to Darwin, C. R., 13 Oct [1875] For Müller, human and …
- … Language […]” Letter 9887: Dawkins, W. B. to Darwin, C. R., 14 Mar 1875 The …
- … of race […]” Letter 11074: Sayce, A. H. to Darwin, C. R., 27 July 1877 Darwin’s …
Darwin's 1876 letters online
Summary
Birth, tragic death . . . and cardigan jackets. To mark the 211th anniversary of Darwin's birth, we have released online the transcripts and footnotes of over 460 letters written to and from him in 1876 and a supplement of 180 letters written before…
Matches: 9 hits
- … . . . and cardigan jackets. To mark the 211th anniversary of Darwin's birth, we have released …
- … of 180 letters written before 1876. Read more about Darwin's life in 1876 and see a full …
- … The year 1876 started energetically, with Darwin working on the first draft of his book on the …
- … in August and the book was published by John Murray, Darwin’s usual publisher, in November; he …
- … quantity of work left in me for new matter. Darwin had to be disciplined about his urge …
- … Co. A second edition of Orchids was published in January 1877; Darwin had been working on it …
- … Annie’s death, though not so grievous to me. Darwin’s daughter-in-law, Amy, died a few …
- … his parents; Emma and Charles took on the care of the baby. Francis too took refuge in work, …
- … from a recently discovered collection of letters to Charles Darwin from his son William. They reveal …
All Darwin's letters from 1873 go online for the anniversary of Origin
Summary
To celebrate the 158th anniversary of the publication of Origin of species on 24 November, the full transcripts and footnotes of over 500 letters from and to Charles Darwin in 1873 are now available online. Read about Darwin's life in 1873 through his…
Matches: 9 hits
- … and footnotes of over 500 letters from and to Charles Darwin in 1873 are now available online. …
- … father or an atheist. Here are some highlights from Darwin's correspondence in 1873: …
- … to J. D. Hooker, 23 October [1873] ) In 1873, Darwin continued work on insectivorous …
- … , published in 1875. Investigating the sundew's sensitivity, Darwin found that the glandular …
- … to bend inward, so that the plant closed like a fist. Darwin was fascinated by this transmission of …
- … appeared anonymously in the Edinburgh Review in April. Darwin asked one of his Scottish …
- … to T. H. Huxley, 23 April 1873 ) Darwin wrote this to Thomas Henry Huxley, in the hope …
- … some love of the new and marvellous ( Letter to Francis Galton, 28 May 1873 ) …
- … investing money very well; very methodical in my habits.' Francis added to his father's …
Darwin in letters, 1875: Pulling strings
Summary
‘I am getting sick of insectivorous plants’, Darwin confessed in January 1875. He had worked on the subject intermittently since 1859, and had been steadily engaged on a book manuscript for nine months; January also saw the conclusion of a bitter dispute…
Matches: 25 hits
- … Editions Plants always held an important place in Darwin’s theorising about species, and …
- … his periods of severe illness. Yet on 15 January 1875 , Darwin confessed to his close friend …
- … way to continuous writing and revision, activities that Darwin found less gratifying: ‘I am slaving …
- … bad.’ The process was compounded by the fact that Darwin was also revising another manuscript …
- … coloured stamens.’ At intervals during the year, Darwin was diverted from the onerous task of …
- … zoologist St George Jackson Mivart. In April and early May, Darwin was occupied with a heated …
- … chapter of the controversy involved a slanderous attack upon Darwin’s son George, in an anonymous …
- … on 12 January , breaking off all future communication. Darwin had been supported during the affair …
- … Society of London, and a secretary of the Linnean Society, Darwin’s friends had to find ways of …
- … pp. 16–17). ‘How grandly you have defended me’, Darwin wrote on 6 January , ‘You have also …
- … in public. ‘Without cutting him direct’, he advised Darwin on 7 January , ‘I should avoid him, …
- … & again’ ( letter from J. D. Hooker, 16 January 1875 ). Darwin had also considered taking up …
- … , ‘I feel now like a pure forgiving Christian!’ Darwin’s ire was not fully spent, however, …
- … in the same Quarterly article that attacked George. Darwin raised the matter at the end of the …
- … to rest, another controversy was brewing. In December 1874, Darwin had been asked to sign a memorial …
- … Hensleigh and Frances Wedgwood. She had corresponded with Darwin about the evolution of the moral …
- … Darwin had become acquainted with Klein when his son Francis was studying medicine in London. Klein …
- … performed on animals in previous years by Darwin’s cousin Francis Galton. These had been …
- … manuscripts and proofs, Darwin now relied heavily on his son Francis, who had made the decision in …
- … wrote, ‘I beg ten thousand pardon & more’ ( letter to Francis Darwin, [ c . February 1875?] …
- … plants , and moved on to Variation 2d ed., Francis signed himself, ‘Your affect son … the …
- … were involved in the launch of Kosmos in April 1877. From Haeckel, Darwin received a copy of a …
- … 219.1: 89). The most eminent of Darwin’s guests was Francis, duke of Teck, a German prince …
- … Darwin could not keep up, and on 22 July , he had Francis reply: ‘My Father desires me to say …
- … on 2 December, the same meeting at which Romanes and Francis Darwin were made fellows. But Thiselton …
Darwin in letters, 1880: Sensitivity and worms
Summary
‘My heart & soul care for worms & nothing else in this world,’ Darwin wrote to his old Shrewsbury friend Henry Johnson on 14 November 1880. Darwin became fully devoted to earthworms in the spring of the year, just after finishing the manuscript of…
Matches: 22 hits
- … heart & soul care for worms & nothing else in this world,’ Darwin wrote to his old …
- … to adapt to varying conditions. The implications of Darwin’s work for the boundary between animals …
- … studies of animal instincts by George John Romanes drew upon Darwin’s early observations of infants, …
- … of evolution and creation. Many letters flowed between Darwin and his children, as he took delight …
- … Financial support for science was a recurring issue, as Darwin tried to secure a Civil List pension …
- … with Samuel Butler, prompted by the publication of Erasmus Darwin the previous year. …
- … Charles Harrison Tindal, sent a cache of letters from two of Darwin’s grandfather’s clerical friends …
- … divines to see a pig’s body opened is very amusing’, Darwin replied, ‘& that about my …
- … registry offices, and produced a twenty-page history of the Darwin family reaching back to the …
- … the world’ ( letter from J. L. Chester, 3 March 1880 ). Darwin’s sons George and Leonard also …
- … and conciliate a few whose ancestors had not featured in Darwin’s Life . ‘In an endeavour to …
- … think I must pay a round of visits.’ One cousin, Reginald Darwin, warmed to George: ‘he had been …
- … an ordinary mortal who could laugh’ ( letter from W. E. Darwin to Charles and Emma Darwin, 22 July …
- … whose essay on Erasmus’s scientific work complemented Darwin’s biographical piece. Krause’s essay …
- … Kosmos in February 1879, an issue produced in honour of Darwin’s birthday. Krause enlarged and …
- … Mr Butler whatever.’ Power of movement With Francis’s assistance, the last of Darwin’s …
- … the genus given by Gray in an article and textbook (A. Gray 1877 and A. Gray 1879, pp. 20–1). ‘I …
- … of the nervous system, and the nature of ‘sensitivity’. Francis Balfour described Movement in …
- … the intake of stones and flints to aid digestion. He asked Francis to check for castings on old …
- … rightly thought the ‘queer subject’ of interest to Francis Galton, who had already taken thumb …
- … extending the study to public-school pupils ( letter to Francis Galton, 7 April 1880 , and …
- … William’s interest in geology, and longed to see Francis elected fellow of the Royal Society. He …
1.14 William Richmond, oil
Summary
< Back to Introduction William Blake Richmond’s portrait of Darwin, dating from 1879, celebrated his honorary degree of LL.D (Doctor in Laws), awarded by Cambridge University in 1877. Darwin’s return to his alma mater for the presentation ceremony…
Matches: 15 hits
- … William Blake Richmond’s portrait of Darwin, dating from 1879, celebrated his honorary degree of LL …
- … Senate House . . . and the scene was very animated.’ As Darwin entered the room, he ‘received an …
- … orator, speaking in Latin, elegantly but speciously adapted Darwin’s theories to ‘a passage of …
- … wearing a mortarboard and academic gown from cords over Darwin’s head. Whether the students intended …
- … (son of George Richmond, who had painted the watercolour of Darwin in his youth), received the …
- … in this same year. In a letter of 18 June 1879, Darwin told Thiselton-Dyer (Hooker’s son-in …
- … he found it difficult to establish any personal rapport with Darwin during his time at Down House. …
- … The Times critic thought it a ‘noble portrait’; Darwin was ‘wearing his crimson doctor’s gown, …
- … seigniory’. Its reception by the University and the Darwin family was apparently less enthusiastic. …
- … the expression are characteristic of my father’. When Emma Darwin saw it for the first time on a …
- … Zoology department of the University. Richmond’s image of Darwin never became familiar and popular …
- … Collier for another and very different oil portrait. With Darwin’s death perceived to be not far …
- … bibliography ‘University News’, Observer (18 Nov. 1877), p. 6. ‘Mr. Darwin at Cambridge’, …
- … exhibition’, Manchester Guardian (17 May 1880), p. 5. Francis Darwin (ed.), The Life and …
- … Christmas number of the Art Journal, 1902, p. 31. Francis Darwin and A.C. Seward, More Letters …
Referencing women’s work
Summary
Darwin's correspondence shows that women made significant contributions to Darwin's work, but whether and how they were acknowledged in print involved complex considerations of social standing, professional standing, and personal preference.…
Matches: 15 hits
- … Darwin's correspondence shows that women made significant contributions to Darwin's work, …
- … set of selected letters is followed by letters relating to Darwin's 1881 publication …
- … throughout Variation . Letter 2395 - Darwin to Holland, Miss, [April 1860] …
- … anonymised and masculinised. Letter 3316 - Darwin to Nevill, D. F., [12 November …
- … Nevill is referenced by name for her “kindness” in Darwin’s Fertilisation of Orchids . …
- … critic. Letter 4370 - Wedgwood, L. C. to Darwin, [April - May 1865] Darwin …
- … as “friends in Surrey”. Letter 4794 - Darwin to Lyell, C., [25 March 1865] …
- … B”. Letter 7060 - Wedgwood, F. J. to Darwin, [1867 - 72] Darwin’s …
- … in the final publication. Letter 7223 - Darwin to Wedgwood, L. C., [9 June 1867 - …
- … in Expression . Letter 5817 - Darwin to Huxley, T. H., [30 January 1868 …
- … baby in Mary Barton. Letter 8321 - Darwin to Litchfield, H. E., [13 May …
- … at him. Letter 7345 - Wedgwood, L. C. to Darwin, [15 June 1872] Darwin’s …
- … I can implicitly rely”. Letter 8427 - Darwin to Litchfield H. E., [25 July 1872] …
- … Darwin, [4 January 1871] Darwin’s brother-in-law, Francis Wedgwood, sends the results of …
- … Letter 11221 - Darwin to Darwin, H., [1 November 1877] Darwin asks his sons, …
Darwin in letters, 1864: Failing health
Summary
On receiving a photograph from Charles Darwin, the American botanist Asa Gray wrote on 11 July 1864: ‘the venerable beard gives the look of your having suffered, and … of having grown older’. Because of poor health, Because of poor health, Darwin…
Matches: 24 hits
- … On receiving a photograph from Charles Darwin, the American botanist Asa Gray wrote on 11 July …
- … … of having grown older’. This portrait, the first of Darwin with his now famous beard, had been …
- … 52 hours without vomiting!! In the same month, Darwin began to consult William Jenner, …
- … prescribed a variety of antacids and purgatives, and limited Darwin’s fluid intake; this treatment …
- … the dimorphic aquatic cut-grass Leersia . In May, Darwin finished his paper on Lythrum …
- … he had set aside the previous summer. In October, Darwin let his friends know that on his …
- … letter of 15 December [1864] to the surgeon and naturalist Francis Trevelyan Buckland, Darwin …
- … November and December were also marked by the award to Darwin of the Royal Society’s Copley Medal; …
- … been unsuccessfully nominated the two previous years. As Darwin explained to his cousin William …
- … it was conferred, brought a dramatic conclusion to the year. Darwin also wrote to Fox that he was …
- … progress’ in Britain. Challenging convention Darwin’s concern about the acceptance of …
- … vol. 11). In a letter of [27 January 1864] , Darwin wrote to Hooker: ‘The only approach to work …
- … produce tendrils However, the queries that Darwin, describing himself as ‘a broken-down …
- … tendrils’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, [8 February 1864] ). Darwin’s excitement about his …
- … ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 2 June [1864] ). When Darwin asked Oliver whether the tendrils of …
- … for his teacherly tone, explaining that he had felt that Darwin had misunderstood some accepted …
- … ( letter from Daniel Oliver, [17 March 1864] ). Though Darwin replied with his typical humility …
- … habits of climbing plants’ (‘Climbing plants’), which Darwin submitted to the Linnean Society in …
- … was often the case, he was interested in transitional forms. Darwin came to think, for example, that …
- … and tendril-bearers. At the end of his paper, Darwin used species from the genus Lathyrus …
- … the tendrils then revert to leaves, as in L. nissolia . Darwin wrote (‘Climbing plants’, p. 115): …
- … of dimorphic and trimorphic plants’), and later in his 1877 book, The different forms of flowers on …
- … measures, and drew the figures for ‘Climbing plants’. Francis, aged 14, collected specimens of …
- … in the second edition of Orchids , published in 1877. These publications were partly inspired by …
'An Appeal' against animal cruelty
Summary
The four-page pamphlet transcribed below and entitled 'An Appeal', was composed jointly by Emma and Charles Darwin (see letter from Emma Darwin to W. D. Fox, [29 September 1863]). The pamphlet, which protested against the cruelty of steel vermin…
Matches: 8 hits
- … many persons Squires Ladies & MPs' (see letter from Emma Darwin to W. D. Fox, [6–27 …
- … the campaign than she expected (see the letter from Emma Darwin to William Erasmus Darwin, [2 …
- … distributing the 'cruelty pamphlet', and letter from Emma Darwin to W. D. Fox, 8 December …
- … of 'many of the leading sportsmen of the country', and Francis Trevelyan Buckland, well …
- … paper Animal World , and prominently linked Charles Darwin"s name to the offer of a prize …
- … a further public appeal against the use of steel traps in 1877 ( Spectator , 6 January 1877, p. 15 …
- … for working horses with sore necks (see letter from Emma Darwin to William Erasmus Darwin, [23 April …
- … moral qualities possessed by human civilisation. However, Darwin was not against blood-sports: his …
Forms of flowers
Summary
Darwin’s book The different forms of flowers on plants of the same species, published in 1877, investigated the structural differences in the sexual organs of flowers of the same species. It drew on and expanded five articles Darwin had published on the…
Matches: 28 hits
- … Darwin’s book The different forms of flowers on plants of the same species , published in 1877, …
- … later claimed, in a lecture at the Royal Institution, that Darwin’s theory, ‘falls short of being a …
- … stock’ (T. H. Huxley 1860, p. 198). In Origin , p. 272, Darwin had contended that the sterility …
- … ‘How perplexing’ Darwin had first noticed differences in the flowers of …
- … plants” ’, he told his close friend Joseph Hooker . Darwin suspected the flowers were dioecious …
- … roughness of stigma!’ At this early stage in his research, Darwin’s hypothesis was that the …
- … to a dioecious state. After further study, Darwin discovered, contrary to his expectations, …
- … about equal number of seed, how perplexing it will be. ’ Darwin was surprised again in December …
- … cannot make out the mystery next Spring. ’ By March 1861, Darwin had begun to refer to the ‘ …
- … required insect agency to effect fertilisation and set seed, Darwin became convinced that oxlips …
- … as a result of cross-fertilisation with primroses. As Darwin was finishing his paper on the …
- … hopes that it may throw some light on Hybridisation’. Darwin echoed this assertion in the conclusion …
- … special endowment to keep created species distinct.’ What Darwin referred to here as a ‘homomorphic …
- … same form. At this late stage in his Primula research, Darwin discovered that another plant, …
- … ‘Truly wonderful’ It was not long before Darwin began to receive remarks on his Primula …
- … worth highlighting in taxonomic works. He closed by asking Darwin to study the case of Viola …
- … always produced an abundance of seed. This was a topic Darwin would return to, but for the moment, …
- … mentioned in his Primula paper. In July 1862, Darwin explained to Gray, ‘ I have lately …
- … distinct .’ As well as performing his own experiments, Darwin received information on other species …
- … with two species , one of which had not been worked on by Darwin. Before Darwin began …
- … of what would eventually be published as Variation , Darwin told Hooker, ‘ I have just finished …
- … ‘Almost stark staring mad’ Darwin next moved on to Lythrum , a genus that he …
- … not being an intermediary stage towards separate sexes, Darwin was keen to further his research on …
- … of Trimorphism with 3 different pollens & 3 stigmas ’. Darwin had hoped to publish the results …
- … his papers on forms of flowers into a book. By January 1877, Darwin informed Hooker, ‘ …I am only …
- … about Dimorphic & Trimorphic plants ’. He wanted his son Francis to examine at Kew yet more …
- … illegitimate offspring of heterostyled plants. By late March 1877 Darwin told Carus that he was …
- … . He contacted his publisher John Murray in early April 1877, telling him, ‘ I wish the …
Volume appendices
Summary
Here is a list of the appendices from the print volumes of the Correspondence of Charles Darwin with links to adapted online versions where they are available. Appendix I in each volume contains translations of letters in foreign languages and these can…
Matches: 16 hits
- … from the print volumes of the Correspondence of Charles Darwin with links to adapted online …
- … When not specified Appendix II is a chronology of Darwin’s life in the period covered by the volume, …
- … 1 II Darwin’s Beagle records 1 III …
- … 1 V Darwin’s early notes on coral reef formation …
- … 2 IV Darwin’s notes on marriage 2 V …
- … 2 VI Darwin and William Kemp on the vitality of seeds …
- … 3 III Darwin’s notes arising from conversations with Joseph Dalton Hooker …
- … 4 II Darwin’s study of the Cirripedia 4 …
- … 5 II Death of Anne Elizabeth Darwin …
- … 6 III Dates of composition of Darwin’s manuscript on species …
- … 7 III Abstract of Darwin’s species theory …
- … 7 V Death of Charles Waring Darwin 7 VI …
- … 9 V Correspondence between Erasmus Darwin and Josiah Wedgwood I, concerning …
- … 9 IX Letters between Thomas Francis Jamieson and Charles Lyell on the geology …
- … 10 IX Diplomas presented to Charles Darwin …
- … German poems presented to Charles Darwin in February 1877 25 VII …
People featured in the German and Austrian photograph album
Summary
Biographical details of people from the Habsburg Empire that appeared in the album of German and Austrian scientists sent to Darwin on 12 February 1877. We are grateful to Johannes Mattes for providing these details and for permission to make his…
Matches: 6 hits
- … in the album of German and Austrian scientists sent to Darwin on 12 February 1877. We are …
- … Akademie in Vienna and published the books “Darwin und der Darwinismus” (1869) and “Leitfaden der …
- … Wissenschaften 1975. p. 77. Le Monnier, Francis Knight of (Le Monnier, Franz …
- … in Linz (1871), Vienna (1873) and Prostějov (1877). M. Pichler: Notice of death. In: …
- … of Vienna (Dr., 1873). Habilitation in palaeontology (1877) and geology (1880) at the Technical …
- … (1859), geologist (1873) and finally chief geologist (1877) and Bergrat of the Imperial …
