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Darwin in letters, 1863: Quarrels at home, honours abroad
Summary
At the start of 1863, Charles Darwin was actively working on the manuscript of The variation of animals and plants under domestication, anticipating with excitement the construction of a hothouse to accommodate his increasingly varied botanical experiments…
Matches: 13 hits
- … that he was ‘unwell & must write briefly’ ( letter to John Scott, 31 May [1863] ), and in a …
- … were himself, Hooker, Huxley, Alfred Russel Wallace, and John Lubbock. Honours abroad …
- … of the Royal Society ( see letter from Edward Sabine to John Phillips, 12 November 1863 ). …
- … year with the Hertfordshire nurseryman Thomas Rivers. John Scott Darwin had found a …
- … of botanical subjects, the crossing experiments that Scott had begun on the primrose family after …
- … correspondence in 1863. Darwin eventually communicated Scott’s Primula work to the Linnean …
- … hoped would counteract Huxley’s criticism ( letter from John Scott, 23 July [1863] ). Darwin …
- … that your paper will have permanent value’ ( letter to John Scott, 31 May [1863] ). Scott received …
- … the “Origin” is not at all palatable!’ ( letter from John Scott, [3 June 1863] ). Darwin’s …
- … a position offered in Darjeeling, India ( see letter from John Scott, 22 May 1863 , and letter …
- … 1860; it continued to capture his attention ( see letter to John Scott, 12 April [1863] ). …
- … months. However, the two-volume work was not published until 1868. Roping in the family …
- … to Malvern the following week. Three letters in August from John Goodsir, professor of anatomy at …
Darwin’s queries on expression
Summary
When Darwin resumed systematic research on emotions around 1866, he began to collect observations more widely and composed a list of queries on human expression. A number of handwritten copies were sent out in 1867 (see, for example, letter to Fritz Muller…
Matches: 25 hits
- … for ease of distribution sometime in late 1867 or early 1868. Darwin went over his questions, …
- … in Ceylon, wrote the botanist George Thwaites on 22 July 1868 , “all endeavour to drill their …
- … for other peoples or vice versa. The Scottish botanist John Scott wrote from Calcutta, 4 May 1868 …
- … funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council, and the John Templeton Foundation. …
- … Bulmer, J 13 Aug 1868 [Gipps Land, nr. Flemington? …
- … Bunnett, Templeton 13 Aug 1868 Echuca, Australia …
- … Darwin, W.E. [after 29 March 1868] Chester Place, …
- … Darwin, W.E. [7? April 1868] Southampton, England …
- … Darwin, W.E. [22? April 1868] Southampton, England …
- … Forbes, David 26 March 1868 Boulton, England (about …
- … Geach, F.F. April 1868 Johore, Malaysia …
- … Glenie, S.O. 22 July 1868 Peradeniya, Ceylon …
- … Glenie, S.O. [July 1868] Trincomalee, Ceylon …
- … Hagenauer, J.A. 13 Aug 1868 Flemington, Australia …
- … Hawkshaw, Cicely Mary (to ED) 9 Feb 1868 Liphook, …
- … Hooker, J.D. 5 Sept 1868 Kew, London (about Nagasaki …
- … Lacy, Dyson [before 13 Aug 1868] [Queensland, …
- … Lane, H.B. 13 Aug 1868 Belfast, Australia? …
- … Lang, Archibald G. 13 Aug 1868 [Coranderrk, …
- … Muller, Fritz 30 Jan [1868] Itajahy, Santa Catharina …
- … Reade, Winwood W. 23 May 1868 Conservative Club, …
- … Scherzer, Karl Von 20 Oct 1868 Ministry of Commerce, …
- … in expedition to East Asia Scott, John 4 …
- … Smyth, R. Brough 13 Aug 1868 Flemington, Australia …
- … Speedy, J. 29 Sept 1868 Freshwater, Isle of Wight, …
Darwin in letters, 1865: Delays and disappointments
Summary
The year was marked by three deaths of personal significance to Darwin: Hugh Falconer, a friend and supporter; Robert FitzRoy, captain of the Beagle; and William Jackson Hooker, director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and father of Darwin’s friend…
Matches: 19 hits
- … on a paper on Verbascum (mullein) by CD’s protégé, John Scott, who was now working in India. …
- … also a serious dispute between two of Darwin’s friends, John Lubbock and Charles Lyell . These …
- … Appendix II). In May, he invited a new doctor, John Chapman, to Down and began a course of Chapman’s …
- … Variation . In March Darwin wrote to his publisher, John Murray, ‘Of present book I have 7 …
- … forward, except the last & concluding one’ ( letter to John Murray, 31 March [1865] ). In …
- … will be ready for the press in the autumn’ ( letter to John Murray, 4 April [1865] ). In early …
- … ‘I am never idle when I can do anything’ ( letter to John Murray, 2 June [1865] ). It was not …
- … illness and delay, the book was not published until January 1868. 'Climbing plants' …
- … questions and suggesting new lines of research. John Scott A similar, though not so …
- … effort took place in the beginning of the year when John Scott, a protégé of Darwin’s whom Darwin …
- … his experiments on Verbascum. Darwin had suggested to Scott in 1862, when Scott was working at …
- … varieties (see Correspondence vol. 10, letter to John Scott, 19 November [1862] ). Darwin had …
- … 9, letter to J. D. Hooker, 28 September [1861] ). Scott had evidently started his crossing …
- … 1864, despite suffering from sea-sickness ( letter from John Scott, 21 July 1865 ). This may have …
- … by him as a ‘scientific arithmetician’, found errors in Scott’s calculations, and Hooker announced …
- … and ‘awfully tedious to read’, though he praised Scott’s ‘industry & ability’ ( letter from J. …
- … would take up the work again when he had time ( letter from John Scott, 21 July 1865 ); at the …
- … manuscript was published as chapter 27 of Variation in 1868. The wider debate …
- … serenity of the Christian world’ (Brewster 1862, p. 3). John Hutton Balfour, though he had sent …
Darwin in letters, 1862: A multiplicity of experiments
Summary
1862 was a particularly productive year for Darwin. This was not only the case in his published output (two botanical papers and a book on the pollination mechanisms of orchids), but more particularly in the extent and breadth of the botanical experiments…
Matches: 16 hits
- … of sterility between varieties of Verbascum . When John Scott, foreman of the propagating …
- … Darwin, impressed, gave him the commission ( see letter to John Scott, 11 December [1862] ). …
- … to publish on Linum ‘at once’ ( letter to John Scott, 11 December [1862] ), writing up his …
- … buy it. When he submitted the manuscript to his publisher, John Murray, he boasted: ‘I can say with …
- … in the least , whether the Book will sell’ ( letter to John Murray, 9 [February 1862] ). To his …
- … paper for the Natural History Review ( see letter to John Lubbock, 16 [December 1862] ). Aware …
- … of the old Beagle crew, Bartholomew James Sulivan, John Clements Wickham, and Arthur Mellersh, …
- … of this, he prescribed strict conditions for a meeting with John Lubbock: ‘if you could … let me go …
- … at 9 o clock I do not think it would hurt me’ ( letter to John Lubbock, 23 October [1862] ). …
- … on botany. Even at the start of their correspondence he told John Scott: ‘Botany is a new subject to …
- … odds & ends of botany & you know far more’ ( letter to John Scott, 19 November [1862] ). …
- … Lyell, 14 October [1862] ). Moreover, when the physicist John Tyndall, fresh from a summer in the …
- … of Darwin’s circle was in Switzerland in the summer: John Lubbock briefly met up with Tyndall and …
- … discovered prehistoric lake-dwellings ( see letter from John Lubbock, 23 August 1862 ). Lubbock …
- … to view the prehistoric sites near Amiens ( see letter from John Lubbock, 15 May 1862 ), and he …
- … about the antiquity of the human species ( see letter from John Lubbock, 6 January 1862 ). …
Darwin in letters, 1864: Failing health
Summary
On receiving a photograph from Charles Darwin, the American botanist Asa Gray wrote on 11 July 1864: ‘the venerable beard gives the look of your having suffered, and … of having grown older’. Because of poor health, Because of poor health, Darwin…
Matches: 21 hits
- … oxlip ( P. elatior ), and published his results in an 1868 article (‘Illegitimate offspring of …
- … of a paper by another of his orchid correspondents, John Traherne Moggridge, who in June sent him …
- … of insect pollinators in 1864 and following years. John Scott again Much of Darwin’s …
- … plight of another of Darwin’s fellow orchid-experimenters, John Scott. Their correspondence had been …
- … of the orchid Acropera . Darwin communicated one of Scott’s papers on the orchid Oncidium to …
- … a number of topics for him to work on. Darwin encouraged Scott to publish his results independently, …
- … by a steady stream of suggestions and support from Darwin, Scott produced a paper on the Primulaceae …
- … are the most troublesome In March, Darwin and Scott’s typically technical and detailed …
- … as foreman of the propagating department for five years. Scott felt that his superiors, James McNab …
- … and no hope of attaining a foreign appointment. Convinced of Scott’s talent and his ‘burning zeal …
- … points’, Darwin asked Hooker about the possibility of Scott’s conducting experiments at Kew on …
- … noted, for example, the jealousies that would be provoked by Scott’s position, suggesting that the …
- … reference from Balfour that suggested that while Scott was a good worker and showed great promise as …
- … indomitable perseverance, and his knowledge’ ( letter to John Scott, 10 June 1864 ). Hooker met …
- … support ‘on the grounds of science’ ( letter to John Scott, 9 April 1864 ), but Scott declined …
- … 1864 ). A notably rambling and long letter arrived from John Beck, a Shrewsbury schoolfellow of …
- … by a merciful deity for the use of humankind ( letter from John Beck, 6 October 1864 ). …
- … his brother Erasmus told him of a subscription fund for John William Colenso, bishop of Natal, South …
- … that a Neanderthal race once extended across Europe. John Lubbock mentioned his forthcoming volume …
- … of the Royal Society, Edward Sabine, to the geologist John Phillips revealed Sabine’s fears that in …
- … ever so little degree the Council’s award’ ( letter to John Lubbock, 21 December [1864] ). In …
Natural Science and Femininity
Summary
Discussion Questions|Letters A conflation of masculine intellect and feminine thoughts, habits and feelings, male naturalists like Darwin inhabited an uncertain gendered identity. Working from the private domestic comfort of their homes and exercising…
Matches: 6 hits
- … discusses the scientific career of botanist and gardener John Scott . Scott is “one of those men …
- … discusses the scientific career of botanist and gardener John Scott . Differentiating between …
- … Letter 6044 - Darwin to Darwin, G. H., [24 March 1868] Darwin relays his discussion with …
- … Letter 6046 - Weir, J. J. to Darwin, [24 March 1868] John Weir describes experiments he …
- … Letter 6139 - Doubleday, H. to Darwin, [22 April 1868] Doubleday details his experiments …
- … Letter 6453 - Langton, E. to Wedgwood, S. E., [9 November 1868] Darwin’s nephew, Edmund, …
Scientific Networks
Summary
Friendship|Mentors|Class|Gender In its broadest sense, a scientific network is a set of connections between people, places, and things that channel the communication of knowledge, and that substantially determine both its intellectual form and content,…
Matches: 11 hits
- … Mentors Darwin's close relationship with John Stevens Henslow, the professor of botany …
- … he mentored. The first is between Darwin and his neighbour, John Lubbock and the second is between …
- … Letter 1585 — Darwin, C. R. to Lubbock, John, [Sept 1854] Darwin sends Lubbock a beetle he …
- … Letter 1720 — Darwin, C. R. to Lubbock, John, 19 [July 1855] Darwin congratulates Lubbock on …
- … Letter 1979 — Darwin, C. R. to Lubbock, John, 27 Oct [1856] Darwin provides detailed …
- … Letter 5770 — Müller, H. L. H. to Darwin, C. R., Jan [1868] Müller thanks Darwin for his …
- … expert William Bernard Tegetmeier and the Scottish gardener John Scott, illustrate how the rigid …
- … him to publish in his journal. The debate about John Scott Letter 3800 — …
- … found in flowers did not become fertilised when pollinated. Scott suggests Acropera has both …
- … in the anthers. Letter 4463 — Scott, John to Darwin, C. R., 14 Apr [1864] Scott …
- … to Gray, Asa, 13 Sept [1864] Darwin sends abstract of John Scott’s paper [see 4332 ] and …
Women’s scientific participation
Summary
Observers | Fieldwork | Experimentation | Editors and critics | Assistants Darwin’s correspondence helps bring to light a community of women who participated, often actively and routinely, in the nineteenth-century scientific community. Here is a…
Matches: 14 hits
- … Letter 5817 - Darwin to Huxley, T. H., [30 January 1868] Darwin asks Thomas Huxley to …
- … to Darwin, [1873] Ellen Lubbock, wife of naturalist John Lubbock, responds to Darwin’s …
- … 6453 - Langton, E. to Wedgwood, S. E., [9 November 1868] Darwin’s nephew, Edmund, …
- … - Langton, E. & C. to Wedgwood S. E., [after 9 November 1868] Darwin’s nephews, Edmund …
- … in a marble tablet”. Letter 6815 - Scott, J. to Darwin, [2 July 1869] John …
- … Letter 6139 - Doubleday, H. to Darwin, [22 April 1868] Doubleday responds to Darwin’s …
- … Letter 6046 - Weir, J. J. to Darwin, [24 March 1868] John Weir describes experiments …
- … Letter 6083 - Casparay, J. X. R. to Darwin, [2 April 1868] Casparay details his …
- … Letter 6139 - Doubleday, H. to Darwin, [22 April 1868] Naturalist Henry Doubleday …
- … J., [5 April 1859] Darwin asks his publisher, John Murray, to forward a manuscript copy of …
- … editorial criticism of a paper written by English naturalist John Lubbock. In addition to offering …
- … Letter 6046 - Weir, J. J. to Darwin, [24 March 1868] John Weir describes experiments …
- … Letter 6066 - Weir, H. W. to Darwin, [28 March 1868] Harrison Weir passes on …
- … Letter 6081 - Darwin to Bowman, W., [2 April 1868] Darwin requests surgeon and …
Forms of flowers
Summary
Darwin’s book The different forms of flowers on plants of the same species, published in 1877, investigated the structural differences in the sexual organs of flowers of the same species. It drew on and expanded five articles Darwin had published on the…
Matches: 5 hits
- … articles Darwin had published on the topic between 1861 and 1868. Two related questions inform all …
- … results of similar work carried out by correspondents like John Scott . Scott had been studying …
- … of plants ’, Darwin told Ernst Haeckel in February 1868. The first of these, ‘On the character and …
- … read on 19 March. Both papers were published in the June 1868 issue of the Journal of the Linnean …
- … to write Forms of flowers . He contacted his publisher John Murray in early April 1877, …
Darwin’s reading notebooks
Summary
In April 1838, Darwin began recording the titles of books he had read and the books he wished to read in Notebook C (Notebooks, pp. 319–28). In 1839, these lists were copied and continued in separate notebooks. The first of these reading notebooks (DAR 119…
Matches: 24 hits
- … 1697] Sportsman’s repository 4 to . [W. H. Scott 1820]— contains much on dogs …
- … The Highlands & Western Isl ds letter to Sir W Scott [MacCulloch 1824] at Maer? W. F. …
- … Lee Scot’s Narrative of Shipwreck in China [J. L. Scott 1841] Lockarts Life of Burns …
- … The Emigrant, Head [F. B. Head 1846] St. John’s Highlands [C. W. G. Saint John 1846] …
- … B.M. 6. 6. Black Edin. Longman [Ramsay 1848] St. John’s Nat. Hist. of Sutherlanshire, Murray …
- … 1851]. Packard. A Guide to the Study of Insects 1868. U. States [Packard 1868–9] (an …
- … Liebigs Lectures on Chemistry [Liebig 1851]. Sir John Davies. China during the War and Peace …
- … Mitchells Australia [Mitchell 1838] Walter Scott’s life [Lockhart 1837–8] 1 st 2 nd …
- … well skimmed 1839 Jan 10 All life of W. Scott [Lockhart 1837–8] except 5 th vol …
- … life of Cicero. 2 Vols [Middleton 1741] 15 th W. Scott’s life of Swift [W. Scott 1814].— …
- … of Gibbons History [Gibbon 1776–88] Octob 1 st . Scott’s life of Dryden [W. Scott 1808] …
- … d . Series. vol 3. p. 1 to 312 30 th Colquhoun (John) The Moor & the Loch [Colquhoun …
- … Buffon [Milne-Edwards 1834–40]. March 5 th St. John’s Highlands [Saint John 1846] 8 …
- … May 6 th . Scotts Narrative of Shipwreck on China [J. L. Scott 1841] —— 20 Eyres Travels in …
- … Tone Autobiography [Tone 1826] very amusing March 10 John Galt Autobiography [Galt 1833] poor …
- … 1848] Madam Malguet [Torrens] 1848] —— Lives of John & Alex. Belthune [?Bethune 1840 and …
- … Ireland [Thompson 1849–56]. Vol. I. II & 3 May. St. John’s Tour in Sutherlandshire [Saint …
- … Translation [Sévigné 1801] Quentin Durward [W. Scott] 1823]. Veronica [Zschokke 1845b]. G. …
- … 171] Pagets Travels in Hungary & Transylvania [John Paget 1839]— account of Dogs like …
- … Empire [Huc 1855] Feb 16 th Pagets Hungary [John Paget 1839] —— Bechsteins …
- … . Edinburgh. 119: 7a, 13a Bowerbank, James Scott. 1840. A history of the fossil fruits …
- … Letters on natural magic, addressed to Sir Walter Scott, Bart. London. [Other eds.] 119: 21b …
- … ——. 1837–8. Memoirs of the life of Sir Walter Scott, Bart . 7 vols. Edinburgh and London. …
- … 2 vols. London. 119: 5a Packard, Alpheus Spring. 1868–9. Guide to the study of …
Discussion Questions and Essay Questions
Summary
There are a wide range of possibilities for opening discussion and essay writing on Darwin’s correspondence. We have provided a set of sample discussion questions and essay questions, each of which focuses on a particular topic or correspondent in depth.…
Matches: 4 hits
- … theories?[Mary Boole (1864), F. E. Abbot (1871-4), John Fordyce (1879), William Graham (1881)] …
- … What was Darwin’s influence on experimental practice? [John Scott and sexual dimorphism (1862), …
- … and earlier), Wallace on the selection of sterility (1868), Wallace on sexual selection (1869-70)] …
- … and human society? [In different human races (David Forbes, 1868, W. Reade, 1870-1) As a product of …
Darwin in letters,1870: Human evolution
Summary
The year 1870 is aptly summarised by the brief entry Darwin made in his journal: ‘The whole of the year at work on the Descent of Man & Selection in relation to Sex’. Descent was the culmination of over three decades of observations and reflections on…
Matches: 8 hits
- … Darwin reckoned that he had started writing on 4 February 1868, only five days after the publication …
- … the folded margin. Darwin, who had posed for the sculptor in 1868, an experience he described as …
- … vol. 16, letter to J. D. Hooker, 26 November [1868] ; this volume, letter to Thomas Woolner, 10 …
- … the mother and foetus during pregnancy. As a case in point, John Jenner Weir described the offspring …
- … also discussed recent experiments by Louis Pasteur and John Tyndall that provided evidence for the …
- … a memorandum. He asked his neighbour, the naturalist John Lubbock, who was now MP for Maidstone, to …
- … reference to mankind of much importance ’ ( letter to John Lubbock, 17 July 1870 ). The motion to …
- … fine breeding: ‘the father is descended from Sir Walter Scott’s celebrated “Maida”’ ( letter from …
Darwin in letters, 1877: Flowers and honours
Summary
Ever since the publication of Expression, Darwin’s research had centred firmly on botany. The year 1877 was no exception. The spring and early summer were spent completing Forms of flowers, his fifth book on a botanical topic. He then turned to the…
Matches: 6 hits
- … and trimorphism that he had written between 1861 and 1868 and presented to the Linnean Society of …
- … as Daniel Oliver, Friedrich Hildebrand, Fritz Müller, and John Scott who had provided initial …
- … the full paper. A disgruntled Darwin reported to George John Romanes on 23 May , ‘the Council …
- … and ignorance in the name of science: ‘I am not John the baptist from the wilderness of locusts and …
- … me in a considerate and friendly manner.’ He wrote to John Brodie Innes, the former vicar of Down, …
- … Charles Norton, had stayed at Keston Rectory near Down in 1868 and had visited Down House. Darwin …
Virginia Isitt: Darwin’s secretary?
Summary
In an undated and incomplete draft letter to a “Miss I.”, Emma Darwin appears to be arranging for Miss I. to come to Down for a trial period as a secretary. When the letter first came to light, no one had heard of the mysterious “Miss I.” and, as far as we…
Darwin in letters, 1876: In the midst of life
Summary
1876 was the year in which the Darwins became grandparents for the first time. And tragically lost their daughter-in-law, Amy, who died just days after her son's birth. All the letters from 1876 are now published in volume 24 of The Correspondence…
Matches: 5 hits
- … had been founded in March 1876 by the London physiologist John Scott Burdon Sanderson to discuss how …
- … expressed in the pangenesis hypothesis, first published in 1868 ( Variation 2: 357–404). Others …
- … Darwin rejoiced to hear that the Cambridge astronomer John Couch Adams not only approved of George’s …
- … at the pre-publication sale dinner held by his publisher, John Murray ( letter to John Murray, 15 …
- … ). In England, the clergyman botanist George Henslow, son of John Stevens Henslow, Darwin’s …
