Search: contains ""

Darwin in letters, 1882: Nothing too great or too small

Summary

In 1882, Darwin reached his 74th year Earthworms had been published the previous October, and for the first time in decades he was not working on another book. He remained active in botanical research, however. Building on his recent studies in plant…

Matches: 27 hits

… In 1882 , Darwin reached his 74th year Earthworms had been published the previous …
… for scientific colleagues or their widows facing hardship. Darwin had suffered from poor health …
… is nearly run’ ( letter to Lawson Tait, 13 February 1882 ). His condition worsened in March. …
… of his scientific friends quickly organised a campaign for Darwin to have greater public recognition …
… Botanical observation and experiment had long been Darwin’s greatest scientific pleasure. The year …
… styled plants ( letter from Fritz Müller, 1 January 1882 , and letter to Fritz Müller, 4 January …
… working at the effects of Carbonate of Ammonia on roots,’ Darwin wrote, ‘the chief result being that …
… for some hours in a weak solution of C. of Ammonia’. Darwin’s interest in root response and the …
… London on 6 and 16 March, respectively. In January, Darwin corresponded with George John …
… letter from Arthur de Souza Corrêa, 28 December 1881 ). Darwin had a long-running interest in such …
… experiments had been conducted to lend support to Darwin’s theory of pangenesis (see …
… any extra labour’ ( letter to G. J. Romanes, 6 January 1882 ). The finished paper, ‘On new …
… effects on chlorophyll ( letter to Joseph Fayrer, 30 March 1882 ). He received a specimen of …
… one plant or animal!’ ( letter to Henry Groves, 3 April 1882 ). He wrote to an American in Kansas …
… experimentising on them’ ( letter to J. E. Todd, 10 April 1882 ). While enthusiasm drove him, …
… affects my heart’ ( letter to Henry Groves, 3 April 1882 ). Earthworms and evolution …
… Murray, carried an anonymous article on the book in January 1882 . The reviewer’s assessment was …
… researches themselves’ ( Quarterly Review , January 1882 , p. 179). Darwin commented at length on …
… about evolution’ ( letter to John Murray, 21 January 1882 ). The author was in fact the clergyman …
… at an early age was encouraged by Darwin. He wrote to Francis : ‘I say nothing about the loss to …
… a small tribute of respect’ (letter from John Lubbock to Francis Darwin, 20 April 1882 (DAR 215: 10n …
… of ice dams causing glacial lakes was presented by Thomas Francis Jamieson in a paper to the …
… Darwin’s views on eugenics, a term coined by his cousin Francis Galton, were mixed, partly owing to …
… years of Darwin’s life show his increasing attachment to Francis , as father and son worked together …
… no one to talk to, I scribble this to you’ ( letter to Francis Darwin, [1 August 1878] ). …
… from Charlotte Papé, 16 July 1875 ). She now addressed Francis , who could best appreciate the …
… and nothing too small’ (letter from Charlotte Papé to Francis Darwin, 21 April 1882 , DAR 215: 7k). …

The full edition is now online!

Summary

For nearly fifty years successive teams of researchers on both sides of the Atlantic have been working to track down all surviving letters written by or to Charles Darwin, research their content, and publish the complete texts. The thirtieth and final…

Matches: 9 hits

… to track down all surviving letters written by or to Charles Darwin, research their content, and …
… picture than we have ever had before of the course of Darwin’s life and development of his thought. …
… the last 6 years. Those 400 letters flesh out the whole of Darwin’s life from his time on board HMS …
… volume. Discover more about the final months of Darwin's life in our Life and Letters …
… run. ’ Letter to Lawson Tait, 13 February 1882 In early 1882 , Darwin, who …
… as I am. ’ Letter to John Murray, 21 January 1882 Darwin was by now confident …
… no pain. ’ Letter to T. H. Huxley, 27 March 1882 Darwin wrote this to Thomas …
… children it is worth having .’ Letter from Emma Darwin to J. D. Hooker, [20 April 1882 ] …
… on 20 April: this letter concludes the correspondence for 1882 . The family had expected Darwin to be …

Darwin in letters, 1881: Old friends and new admirers

Summary

In May 1881, Darwin, one of the best-known celebrities in England if not the world, began writing about all the eminent men he had met. He embarked on this task, which formed an addition to his autobiography, because he had nothing else to do. He had…

Matches: 24 hits

… In May 1881, Darwin, one of the best-known celebrities in England if not the world, began …
… a very old man, who probably will not last much longer.’ Darwin’s biggest fear was not death, but …
… sweetest place on this earth’. From the start of the year, Darwin had his demise on his mind. He …
… provision for the dividing of his wealth after his death. Darwin’s gloominess was compounded by the …
… and new admirers got in touch, and, for all his fears, Darwin found several scientific topics to …
… Evolution old and new when revising his essay on Erasmus Darwin’s scientific work, and that Darwin …
… memory in November 1880 and in an abusive letter about Darwin in the St James’s Gazette on 8 …
… in a review of Unconscious memory in Kosmos and sent Darwin a separate letter for …
… of the false accusation’. Other friends rallied round. Francis Balfour translated Krause’s account …
… had been a major undertaking for both Darwin and his son Francis , who assisted in the many …
… of their behaviour were trustworthy ( letter to Francis Galton, 8 March [1881] ). Although results …
… July, sending the pages to Germany for further checks by Francis Darwin, who was spending the summer …
… Ruskin, who lived there. Sending the last two chapters to Francis on 27 May , Darwin wrote, …
… to begin any new subject requiring much work’, he told Francis Darwin on 30 May . ‘I have been …
… case.’ An additional motivation may have been to support Francis Darwin’s published research on …
… Darwin tried a variety of plants and reagents, telling Francis on 17 October , ‘I have wasted …
… up the job; but I cannot endure to do this’, Darwin told Francis on 9 November , and writing …
… vol. 30, letter to C. A. Kennard, 9 January 1882 ). ‘I sometimes receive so many …
… Cambridge Scientific Instrument Company led Darwin to chide Francis for giving a klinostat designed …
… supporters, and rejoiced in his election. Promoting Francis ’s own botanical research was as …
… on 27 January for not commending papers presented by Francis at the Linnean Society the previous …
… realised was ‘incumbent’ upon him), Darwin, certain that Francis had not been offended, stated, ‘I …
… letter to Asa Gray, 29 January 1881 ). While Francis was working in de Bary’s …
… Nature published the day after Darwin’s death in April 1882 . Deaths, gifts and legacies …

Darwin in letters, 1878: Movement and sleep

Summary

In 1878, Darwin devoted most of his attention to the movements of plants. He investigated the growth pattern of roots and shoots, studying the function of specific organs in this process. Working closely with his son Francis, Darwin devised a series of…

Matches: 25 hits

… lessen injury to leaves from radiation In 1878, Darwin devoted most of his attention to …
… organs in this process. Working closely with his son Francis, Darwin devised a series of experiments …
… of most advanced plant laboratories in Europe. While Francis was away, Darwin delighted in …
… from botanical research was provided by potatoes, as Darwin took up the cause of an Irish …
… would rid Ireland of famine. Several correspondents pressed Darwin for his views on religion, …
… closed with remarkable news of a large legacy bequeathed to Darwin by a stranger as a reward for his …
… birthday ( letter to Ernst Haeckel, 12 February [1878] ), Darwin reflected that it was ‘more …
… Expression ), and the final revision of Origin (1872), Darwin had turned almost exclusively to …
… Movement in plants In the spring of 1878, Darwin started to focus on the first shoots and …
… were enrolled as researchers, as were family members. Darwin asked his niece Sophy to observe …
… ( letter to Sophy Wedgwood, 24 March [1878–80] ). While Darwin was studying the function of …
… on one side, then another, to produce movement in the stalk. Darwin compared adult and young leaves …
… (see Movement in plants , pp. 112–13). He explained to Francis on 2 July : ‘I go on maundering …
… after growth has ceased or nearly ceased.’ Finally, Darwin turned to plant motion below the …
… precision the lines of least resistance in the ground.’ Darwin would devote a whole chapter to the …
… out that he missed sensitiveness of apex’ ( letter to Francis Darwin, [11 May 1878] ). …
… the bassoon & apparently more by a high than a low note.’ Francis apparently played the musical …
… on plant movement were intensely collaborative, with Francis playing a more active role than ever. …
… exchanged when they were apart. At the start of June, Francis left to work at Sach’s laboratory in …
… ( letter to W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, 18 June [1878] ). While Francis was away, Darwin sent regular …
… to talk to, about my work, I scribble to you ( letter to Francis Darwin, 7 [July 1878] ). Two …
… is horrid not having you to discuss it with’ ( letter to Francis Darwin, 20 [July 1878] ). …
… topics and dictating experimental method and design. Francis seems to have been allowed to work more …
… cells of oats to determine whether they had chlorophyll, Francis reported ( letter from Francis …
… who was delighted, and eventually published them in his 1882 book Animal intelligence . ‘Like the …

Francis Darwin

Summary

Known to his family as ‘Frank’, Charles Darwin’s seventh child himself became a distinguished scientist. He was an undergraduate at Trinity College, Cambridge, initially studying mathematics, but then transferring to natural sciences. Francis completed…

Matches: 8 hits

… Known to his family as ‘Frank’, Charles Darwin’s seventh child himself became a distinguished …
… but then transferring to natural sciences. Francis completed his studies at Cambridge, …
… into debt and had kept the matter secret for some months. Darwin was very stern in his advice: ‘I …
… an old fellow as I daresay I appear to you’ (letter to Francis Darwin, 18 October [1870] ). …
… engaged to Amy Ruck in 1872; the couple married in 1874. Francis was already living in Down. and …
… a laboratory run by Julius von Sachs in Wurzburg. Francis Darwin was elected to the Royal …
… his father had not been knighted, although in 1877 Charles Darwin was awarded an honorary degree …
… ( The Power of Movement in Plants, 1880). Perhaps Francis Darwin, whom the family regarded as a …

Movement in Plants

Summary

The power of movement in plants, published on 7 November 1880, was the final large botanical work that Darwin wrote. It was the only work in which the assistance of one of his children, Francis Darwin, is mentioned on the title page. The research for this…

Matches: 23 hits

… 7 November 1880, was the final large botanical work that Darwin wrote. It was the only work in which …
… about their research while he was away from home. Although Darwin lacked a state of the art research …
… research being pursued by other naturalists who, like Francis , had come to this centre for the study …
… methods and use the most advanced laboratory equipment. Darwin also benefitted from the instrument …
… copied but also improved on some of the apparatuses that Francis had been introduced to at Würzburg. …
… plant physiology, but it was at its core informed by Darwin’s theory of evolution, particularly by …
… early 1860s, at a time when his health was especially bad, Darwin had taken up the study of climbing …
… reproduced as a small book, giving it a much wider audience. Darwin was not the first naturalist to …
… which eventually appeared in 1875. In the same year, Darwin published a much longer work, …
… about the nature of movement, so much so, that at one point Darwin had considered combining the …
… digestive processes. With his final great botanical work, Darwin would attempt ‘ to bring all the …
… emotions had their origins in non-human animal expression. Darwin had not done experimental work in …
… viewed the division between animals and plants as absolute, Darwin was interested in similarities. …
… from all over Europe and beyond. When Darwin’s son Francis worked in this laboratory in the summers …
… had also asked Horace to discuss the point with his friend Francis Balfour(258). Darwin promised to …
… of any success. '. Just two months later, Darwin put Francis in charge of this aspect of the …
… more familiar with the research in Sachs’s laboratory as Francis ’s departure for Würzburg was …
… to Wurzburg, & work by myself will be dull work’ . Francis was in Würzburg until early August. …
… good instruments were never far from Darwin’s thinking. Francis viewed the new instruments he was …
… design an improved version of the instrument, a klinostat; Francis later described and illustrated …
… was the relationship between bending movement and growth. Francis described the disagreements about …
… increased turgescence which precedes it ’ was reported by Francis , who added that Sachs ‘ doesn’t …
… Nature the day after his father’s death (F. Darwin 1882 ). Darwin’s study of plant movement went …

4.52 'Wasp' caricature

Summary

< Back to Introduction Less than a fortnight after Darwin’s death, an irreverent portrayal of him appeared on the cover of a Californian satirical magazine. The Wasp, based in San Francisco, resembled the better-known New York magazine Puck in its…

Matches: 9 hits

… Back to Introduction Less than a fortnight after Darwin’s death, an irreverent portrayal …
… the modern Germanic idiom. However, while Puck treated Darwin as a hero, The Wasp was …
… or owls flying over the jungle add a touch of the sinister. Darwin’s supposedly intimate connections …
… the cartoon, The Wasp ’s editor noted laconically, ‘Darwin and the link are both missing’, and in …
… element of “ridicule” in our portrait of the illustrious Darwin. We are surprised that your three …
… the others were lunatics.’ The Wasp even mocked Darwin’s burial in Westminster Abbey, and …
… War – views which would have made it antagonistic to Darwin’s belief in human monogenesis from a …
… The Illustrated Wasp was a Czech political refugee, Francis Korbel. With his brothers, he had …
… (signed bottom right)   date of creation April 1882   computer-readable date c …

3.16 Oscar Rejlander, photos

Summary

< Back to Introduction Darwin’s plans for the illustration of his book The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (1872) led him to the Swedish-born painter and photographer, Oscar Gustaf Rejlander. Rejlander gave Darwin the notes that he had…

Matches: 20 hits

… < Back to Introduction Darwin’s plans for the illustration of his book The …
… and photographer, Oscar Gustaf Rejlander. Rejlander gave Darwin the notes that he had himself made …
… in the early 1870s (he died in January 1875), and Darwin assisted him financially on at least one …
… The Expression of the Emotions. In April of that year, Darwin wrote to the London firm of Elliott …
… to any purchasers’. Phillip Prodger has suggested that Darwin agreed to be photographed by Rejlander …
… Expression of the Emotions. Open sale of any portraits of Darwin was likely to be highly …
… Library contains photographs by him of Richard Litchfield (Darwin’s son in law), and another man, …
… this was the wedding day of Litchfield and Henrietta Darwin, which Rejlander thus commemorated. …
… plans for purveying a fanciful or dramatised portrayal of Darwin, he was evidently thwarted, as …
… transition from pathognomy to portraiture in his work for Darwin must have raised interesting …
… and on one side. Of the five or so known photographs of Darwin, evidently taken at more than one …
… photographs. In this way they communicate a sense of Darwin’s commanding intellect and physical …
… However, they may have seemed too dramatic to please the Darwin family, and were evidently not …
… 1871, and reproduced in the London Journal in June 1872. Darwin also sent it to various contacts …
… Dresser. However, it was a fourth photograph, showing just Darwin’s head and shoulders in profile, …
… was published in Nature in 1874, and was included in Francis Darwin’s list of canonical …
… illustrate an obituary article in the same journal in April 1882 . A coarser wood engraved version …
… (1 October 1876); L’Univers Illustré (29 April 1882 ); and (reversed) in La Revue Illustrée …
… March 1875), p. 301, reprinted in the same journal (29 April 1882 ), p. 428. Wood engraving in a …
… accompanying a laudatory article by Revd R.A. Armstrong. Francis Darwin’s catalogue of portraits of …

3.18 Elliott and Fry photos, c.1869-1871

Summary

< Back to Introduction The leading photographic firm of Elliott and Fry seems to have portrayed Darwin at Down House on several occasions. In November 1869 Darwin told A. B. Meyer, who wanted photographs of both him and Wallace for a German…

Matches: 22 hits

… photographic firm of Elliott and Fry seems to have portrayed Darwin at Down House on several …
… Payments to the firm on 25 July 1869 and 5 April 1870 in Darwin’s banking account must relate to …
… to Wallace. Elliott and Fry evidently approached Darwin again in the spring of 1871, with a …
… to Down again for a simpler portrayal. On 2 August 1871, Darwin wrote, ‘Many thanks for the …
… which of Elliott and Fry’s widely disseminated images of Darwin were taken in summer 1869, and which …
… view, is not much help. However, two of the group now in the Darwin archive were dated by Darwin’s …
… the later 1870s are clearly wide of the mark. As regards Darwin’s appearance, he does not look older …
… this group of photographs, of which there is a print in the Darwin archive (DAR 225.117), shows a …
… and must therefore have been reissued commemoratively. Darwin’s daughter Henrietta owned this, and …
… to it. In another of Elliott and Fry’s photographs, Darwin sits sternly erect; in yet another he …
… to a profile or nearer to a frontal view. In all of them Darwin is wearing a distinctive waistcoat, …
… the complexities, John van Wyhe, in his ‘Iconography’ of Darwin portraits, identifies some of the …
… the day, which were widely marketed. Thus the photographs of Darwin were frequently reissued in …
… in the National Portrait Gallery. An idealised version of Darwin’s head from one of the Elliott and …
… the same block was re-used as the frontispiece to the June 1882 issue, which had two obituary …
… engraving which seems almost to exaggerate the shagginess of Darwin’s hair, eyebrows and beard, …
… lurid Illustrated Police News, accompanying a notice of Darwin’s death in 1882 . A vignette …
… signed by A. Gusman in Le Magasin Pittoresque, c. 1882 (Bridgeman Images), and a painting by …
… 1869–71 Elliott and Fry photographs were mentioned by Francis Darwin in his catalogue of portraits …
… of the Emotions , pp. 434-49, and in vol. 21 (June 1882 ), as frontispiece, accompanying two …
… article in a supplement to the same journal (22 April 1882 ) (DAR 215.22c). It was copied in a …
… Photographic Studios of Europe (London: Piper and Carter, 1882 ), pp. 42-5, ‘Messrs Elliott & …

Darwin in letters, 1877: Flowers and honours

Summary

Ever since the publication of Expression, Darwin’s research had centred firmly on botany. The year 1877 was no exception. The spring and early summer were spent completing Forms of flowers, his fifth book on a botanical topic. He then turned to the…

Matches: 27 hits

… Ever since the publication of Expression , Darwin’s research had centred firmly on botany. The …
… of these projects would culminate in a major publication. Darwin’s botany was increasingly a …
… assisted his father’s research on movement and bloom, and Darwin in turn encouraged his son’s own …
… The year 1877 was more than usually full of honours. Darwin received two elaborate photograph albums …
… from Germany, Austria, and the Netherlands. Closer to home, Darwin received an honorary Doctorate of …
… sites for possible earthworm activity. Now in his 69th year, Darwin remained remarkably productive, …
… no controversy. In his autobiographical reflections, Darwin remarked: ‘no little discovery of …
… (‘Recollections’, p. 419). During the winter and spring, Darwin was busy preparing the manuscript of …
… and presented to the Linnean Society of London. In the book, Darwin adopted the more recent term …
… as dimorphic without comparing pollen-grains & stigmas’, Darwin remarked to Joseph Dalton …
… measurements of the size and number of pollen-grains, Darwin compared the fertility of individual …
… primrose and purple loosestrife. In the course of his work, Darwin found a number of other …
… dreadful work making out anything about dried flowers’, Darwin complained to Asa Gray on 8 March …
… which include heterstyled species. This pleases me.’. Darwin dedicated the book to Gray, ‘as a small …
… separate publications together into a larger whole enabled Darwin to advance more speculative views …
… In the end, Darwin did not publish on the subject, but Francis later reported some of the results of …
… 25 August 1877 ). At Down House, Darwin and Francis devised a method of recording leaf …
… with thread, card, and bits of glass. Encouraging Francis Darwin greatly enjoyed …
… eminent German botanist Ferdinand Julius Cohn, who confirmed Francis ’s observations: ‘the most …
… Infusoria’ ( letter from F. J. Cohn, 5 August 1877 ). Francis ’s paper eventually appeared in the …
… Die Seele des Kindes (The mind of the child; Preyer 1882 ), based partly on observations of his son …
… had visited Down House and become friendly with George and Francis . He wrote to Francis on 24 …
… ‘As for “natural selection”’, he wrote to Francis on 25 November , ‘frankly to me it now seems a …
… for he began to receive petitions from strangers. The writer Francis Lloyd, who was in poor health …
… for his further work. Lloyd had written a critique of Francis Galton’s theory of heredity in 1876, …
… will allow me to send you a cheque for £10’ ( letter to [Francis Lloyd], 1 May [1877] ). Another …
… In the end, Darwin made the journey along with Emma. George, Francis , and Horace also attended. The …

Animals, ethics, and the progress of science

Summary

Darwin’s view on the kinship between humans and animals had important ethical implications. In Descent, he argued that some animals exhibited moral behaviour and had evolved mental powers analogous to conscience. He gave examples of cooperation, even…

Matches: 22 hits

… Darwin’s view on the kinship between humans and animals had important ethical …
… a live worm on a hook (‘Recollections’, pp. 358, 388). Darwin’s concern for animals aligned with …
… and an integral part of medical and veterinary training. Darwin was clearly disturbed by the …
… to E. R. Lankester, 22 March [1871] ). In Descent , Darwin described an animal enduring a …
… to the last hour of his life’ ( Descent 1: 40). Darwin’s closest encounter with …
… of different breeds together. Galton reported regularly to Darwin on the results (all negative). He …
… Society, calling into question the theory of pangenesis. Darwin was taken aback, and swiftly replied …
… no longer look after the rabbits (many died from the cold), Darwin offered to give the poor …
… further cross-circulation and ‘Siamesing’ ( letter from Francis Galton, 13 September 1871 ). …
… more influenced by experiments on animals than on plants’, Darwin conceded. ‘I think a large number …
… ( letter to G. J. Romanes, 18 July 1875 ). Darwin was concerned that the method be painless, …
… 1874 ). In the previous sections, we have traced Darwin’s growing interest in physiology and …
… were analogous to those performed on dogs and other animals. Darwin’s work on insectivorous plants …
… an acquaintance of the Darwins, and had corresponded with Darwin cordially about his moral theory, …
… ( letter to F. B. Cobbe, [14 January 1875] ). Darwin’s involvement in the vivisection …
… in regard to health &c, I look at as puerile. Darwin saw a need for regulation (licensing …
… with costly equipment, a supply of animals, etc.. Darwin was concerned that ‘private men’ would be …
… ( letter to H. E. Litchfield, 4 January [1875] ) Darwin worked closely with Burdon …
… the total abolition of the practice. ‘It seems to me’, Darwin remarked to George Romanes, ‘that …
… organised defence. To bring more solidarity to the field, Darwin’s son Francis , and a number of his …
… in general’ ( letter from T. L. Brunton, 12 February 1882 ). Darwin declined the offer to be …
… 1881 ). The organization had its first meeting on 20 April 1882 , the day after Darwin’s death. …

Casting about: Darwin on worms

Summary

Earthworms were the subject of a citizen science project to map the distribution of earthworms across Britain (BBC Today programme, 26 May 2014). The general understanding of the role earthworms play in improving soils and providing nutrients for plants to…

Matches: 12 hits

… for plants to flourish can be traced back to the last book Darwin wrote, snappily-titled The …
… on their habits, which was published in 1881. Despite Darwin’s fears that a book on earthworms might …
… out in his Natural History of Selborne of 1789 (a book Darwin claimed had ‘much influence on my …
… a new field in natural history, and almost a century later Darwin argued that all fields had passed …
… variety of strange things he persuaded people to do. Darwin concluded that worms had no sense …
… of a metal whistle and to being shouted at, but also to Francis Darwin playing the bassoon, and to …
… made calculations about larger castings on poorer soils, and Francis helped with calculations …
… . After a while, looking for earthworm casts became a habit; Francis noticed worm casts in fir woods …
… existence of worms at that altitude. By the 1870s, Darwin was also drawing on the work of …
… him. Soon worm excrement was trusted to postal services, and Darwin acquired casts from India and …
… observations he had gathered to write a book on the subject. Darwin brought to the topic the …
… bigger souls than anyone wd suppose’ ( letter to W. E. Darwin, 31 January [1881] (CUL DAR 210.6: …

Women as a scientific audience

Summary

Target audience? | Female readership | Reading Variation Darwin's letters, in particular those exchanged with his editors and publisher, reveal a lot about his intended audience. Regardless of whether or not women were deliberately targeted as a…

Matches: 7 hits

… Female readership | Reading Variation Darwin's letters, in particular those …
… a broad variety of women had access to, and engaged with, Darwin's published works. A set of …
… women a target audience? Letter 2447 - Darwin to Murray, J., [5 April 1859] …
… that his views are original and will appeal to the public. Darwin asks Murray to forward the …
… and criticisms of style. Letter 2461 - Darwin to Hooker, J. D., [11 May 1859] …
… typically-male readers. Letter 7124 - Darwin to Darwin, H. E., [8 February 1870] …
… Letter 13650 Kennard, C. A. to Darwin, [28 January 1882] Caroline Kennard responds …

1.18 John Collier, oil in Linnean

Summary

< Back to Introduction By 1881 it was clear to Darwin’s intimates that he was increasingly frail, and that, as he approached death, he had finally escaped from religious controversy to become a heroic figure, loved and venerated for his achievements…

Matches: 21 hits

… < Back to Introduction By 1881 it was clear to Darwin’s intimates that he was …
… worthy likeness. While there were numerous photographs of Darwin in these last years, they lacked …
… to a commemorative function. Ouless’s characterisation of Darwin as an introspective and melancholy …
… as a thinker. George Romanes and other members of Darwin’s circle therefore gained his …
… by subscription, and donated to the Linnean Society. Darwin’s evolutionary theory had first been …
… Sir John Lubbock; Romanes was its Zoological Secretary; and Darwin’s son Francis was a member of the …
… as his recent portrait of Joseph Hooker testified. Moreover, Darwin would ‘most particularly …
… made him a member of the Darwinian set, with sympathy for Darwin’s ideas, and an informed interest …
… of an Artist (1926), shows him entirely attuned to Darwin’s theories on the origins of the human …
… with his intellectual sitters. Like the photographs taken by Darwin’s son Leonard, Collier’s …
… later to a Singaporean newspaper, the sittings took place in Darwin’s study at Down House – the …
… and any other subject that cropped up.’ On 7 August 1881 Darwin was able to report to Romanes that …
… far as I can judge, this seems true’ – Romanes agreed. Darwin added that Collier ‘was the most …
… As a further sign of their rapport, Collier later gave Darwin a copy of his newly published Primer …
… about to be hung in the rooms of the society’ in April 1882 , when his death was announced, and …
… reviewer – and he turned out to be the perfect choice. Darwin is seen in frontal view, with light …
… to distract from the benign but penetrating expression of Darwin’s eyes, with a highlighted wisp of …
… By the time it was exhibited at the Royal Academy in May 1882 , Darwin was already dead. Speaking at …
… 27 May 1881. Correspondence between Darwin and Collier in 1882 , DCP-LETT-13689 and DCP-LETT-13701. …
… ‘The Royal Academy Banquet’, Times (1 May 1882 ), p. 7. ‘Fine arts and music. Royal Academy – …
… Romanes and Darwin in 1881 (DCP-LETT-13173, 13229, 13282). Francis Darwin and A.C. Seward (eds), …

2.14 Boehm, Westminster Abbey roundel

Summary

< Back to Introduction A bronze plaque or medallion with a portrayal of Darwin was installed in Westminster Abbey in 1888, six years after his grand funeral and burial there. Like the seated statue of Darwin in the Natural History Museum of 1884–1885…

Matches: 14 hits

… A bronze plaque or medallion with a portrayal of Darwin was installed in Westminster Abbey in 1888, …
… in 1888 mentions a ‘bronze medallion portrait head of Mr. Darwin . . . lately . . . erected by his …
… bigoted rejection of the scientific advances associated with Darwin’s name, and a lack of patriotism …
… filled the Abbey. Perhaps anticipating this difficulty, Darwin’s half-cousin Francis Galton proposed …
… funds and attention to the Natural History Museum statue of Darwin – this idea was not taken up, but …
… the walls at this part are fully covered’. In the event, Darwin was buried in the north nave aisle …
… a commemorative bust, mentioned in the Times on 13 May 1882 , was not followed up; and the bronze …
… Nowhere was there scope for an inscription to record Darwin’s achievements; nor could his family …
… corner’ was gradually created (c.1893–1915), in which Darwin’s portrayal became just one in a group …
… of George Gabriel Stokes, erected in 1904, matched that of Darwin, and, in between them, three round …
… plaques commemorating James Prescott Joule, Joseph Hooker (Darwin’s closest friend), and William …
… moulded frame; a decorative cartouche is inscribed simply ‘DARWIN’. His mild and thoughtful face, …
… of the Muniments of Westminster Abbey, Matthew Payne. ‘Mr. Darwin’s funeral’, Daily News (26 …
… in R.J. Berry (ed.), Charles Darwin: A Commemoration 1882 –1982 (London: Linnean Society and …

Referencing women’s work

Summary

Darwin's correspondence shows that women made significant contributions to Darwin's work, but whether and how they were acknowledged in print involved complex considerations of social standing, professional standing, and personal preference.…

Matches: 16 hits

… Darwin's correspondence shows that women made significant contributions to Darwin's work, …
… standing, and personal preference. George Romanes in his 1882 publication Animal intelligence …
… set of selected letters is followed by letters relating to Darwin's 1881 publication …
… throughout Variation . Letter 2395 - Darwin to Holland, Miss, [April 1860] …
… anonymised and masculinised. Letter 3316 - Darwin to Nevill, D. F., [12 November …
… Nevill is referenced by name for her “kindness” in Darwin’s Fertilisation of Orchids . …
… critic. Letter 4370 - Wedgwood, L. C. to Darwin, [April - May 1865] Darwin …
… as “friends in Surrey”. Letter 4794 - Darwin to Lyell, C., [25 March 1865] …
… B”. Letter 7060 - Wedgwood, F. J. to Darwin, [1867 - 72] Darwin’s …
… in the final publication. Letter 7223 - Darwin to Wedgwood, L. C., [9 June 1867 - …
… in Expression . Letter 5817 - Darwin to Huxley, T. H., [30 January 1868 …
… baby in Mary Barton. Letter 8321 - Darwin to Litchfield, H. E., [13 May …
… at him. Letter 7345 - Wedgwood, L. C. to Darwin, [15 June 1872] Darwin’s …
… I can implicitly rely”. Letter 8427 - Darwin to Litchfield H. E., [25 July 1872] …
… Darwin, [4 January 1871] Darwin’s brother-in-law, Francis Wedgwood, sends the results of …
… [1 November 1877] Darwin asks his sons, Horace and Francis , to observe earthworm activity …

3.14 Julia Margaret Cameron, photos

Summary

< Back to Introduction In the summer of 1868 Darwin took a holiday on the Isle of Wight with his immediate family, his brother Erasmus, and his friend Joseph Hooker. The family’s accommodation at Freshwater was rented from the photographer Julia…

Matches: 24 hits

… < Back to Introduction In the summer of 1868 Darwin took a holiday on the Isle of …
… Cameron, who seized this opportunity to portray both Darwin and Hooker – portraits that would come …
… and in particular Hooker’s speech – a ‘Eulogium’ of Darwin, would represent a public victory for the …
… such as to heighten the demand for images of Hooker and of Darwin himself. She was in any case a …
… from Cameron’s portraits that included the one of Darwin, thought that ‘Something of what William …
… done’, had been achieved by these photographs. Darwin was not a natural inhabitant of this …
… characteristics of the four or five known photographs of Darwin which Cameron took in the summer of …
… them romantically dishevelled and swathed in rough drapery, Darwin is wearing his usual conventional …
… than a passing resemblance’ between these photographs and Darwin’s own engraved portrait of Leonardo …
… one serves as frontispiece to R.B. Freeman’s Charles Darwin: A Companion . In another shot, he …
… powerful resolve, and there is a quality which his son Francis described as characteristic of him – …
… captured by Cameron with great skill: in fact, her image of Darwin was such as to offset the …
… of Descent of Man. Indeed, such ennobling images of Darwin fed into a perception of the superior …
… that it was ‘Not a very successful picture, although Mr. Darwin was very pleased with it’. In fact …
… revered sitter, Tennyson. Nevertheless, this photograph of Darwin was highly favoured, and had a …
… actuality. Ernst Haeckel recalled his first impressions of Darwin on a visit to Down House in 1866: …
… of Dr Johnson discoursing; and Cameron’s emphasis on Darwin’s domed skull is attuned to nineteenth …
… intelligence. Relations between Cameron and the Darwin family continued to be very cordial, …
… the role of her agent at the BAAS conference. He reported to Darwin at the end of August, ‘I have …
… 28–30cm. vertically. Although the profile photograph of Darwin was reproduced as a lantern slide and …
… a loss of most of the tonal subtlety of the original; as Darwin complained in a letter to Alfred …
… 88202895; 88204450; 88204438, with a printed facsimile of Darwin’s signature.   copyright …
… Review , 101 (April 1857), 2 parts, part 2, pp. 442–468. Darwin’s letters to Hooker, 17 [Aug. 1868] …
… ‘Professor Haeckel on Darwin’ in Times (28 Sept. 1882 ), p. 6. Francis Darwin (ed.), The Life …

2.11 Christian Lehr, plaster bust

Summary

< Back to Introduction A plaster bust of Darwin by the German artist Christian Wilhelm Jacob Lehr the younger, dating from 1883, has found its way to a historic zoological library in the Netherlands. This is the Artis Bibliotheek, Natura Artis…

Matches: 11 hits

… < Back to Introduction A plaster bust of Darwin by the German artist Christian Wilhelm …
… this or another cast from the same model) was known to the Darwin family, although it was based not …
… photographer Alfred Naumann of Leipzig, which is now in the Darwin archive (DAR 225: 126). On the …
… by the New York Academy of Sciences for a bronze bust of Darwin, destined for the American Museum of …
… indeed a ‘dignified’ and rather idealising portrayal of Darwin, prophet-like in the effect of the …
… be known as yet about the circumstances in which the bust of Darwin was produced. The date suggests …
… der Bildenden Künstler of 1928, puzzlingly mention a ‘Darwin monument’ [‘Denkmal’] by Lehr in …
… had first-hand knowledge, is not clear. There is no bust of Darwin by Lehr in the Museum’s …
… , accessed October 2019. Francis Darwin (ed.), The Life and Letters of Charles Darwin Vol. 3 …
… Seeman, 1928), article on Lehr. R.B. Freeman, Charles Darwin, A Companion , 2 nd ed. (London: …
… Outreach , 4 (2011), pp. 478–488 (pp. 483–484), quoting Francis Darwin’s letter to Cox, 15 March …

Darwin’s reading notebooks

Summary

In April 1838, Darwin began recording the titles of books he had read and the books he wished to read in Notebook C (Notebooks, pp. 319–28). In 1839, these lists were copied and continued in separate notebooks. The first of these reading notebooks (DAR 119…

Matches: 25 hits

… In April 1838, Darwin began recording the titles of books he had read and the books he wished …
… used these notebooks extensively in dating and annotating Darwin’s letters; the full transcript …
… *128). For clarity, the transcript does not record Darwin’s alterations. The spelling and …
… book had been consulted. Those cases where it appears that Darwin made a genuine deletion have been …
… a few instances, primarily in the ‘Books Read’ sections, Darwin recorded that a work had been …
… of the books listed in the other two notebooks. Sometimes Darwin recorded that an abstract of the …
… own. Soon after beginning his first reading notebook, Darwin began to separate the scientific …
… the second reading notebook. Readers primarily interested in Darwin’s scientific reading, therefore, …
… editors’ identification of the book or article to which Darwin refers. A full list of these works is …
… page number (or numbers, as the case may be) on which Darwin’s entry is to be found. The …
… in the bibliography that other editions were available to Darwin. While it is likely that Darwin …
… are not found listed here. The description given by Francis Darwin of his father’s method of …
… Darwin Library (AC.34). Darwin’s books were bequeathed to Francis Darwin, who, in 1908, gave all but …
… to be available to scholars using the archive. Books that Francis Darwin had kept were left to his …
… 1828] 31 An analysis of British Ferns. G. W. Francis 4 s [Francis 1837]— plates of …
… never read his works ( Calendar no. 11875). In February 1882 , however, after reading the …
… work is listed again on p. [22]. 44 Probably Francis Boott. 45 Edward …
… Africa . London. *119: 18v.; 119: 14a Bacon, Francis . 1825–36. The works of Francis …
… ed. London. [Darwin Library.] 128: 12 Castelnau, Francis , Comte de. 1846. M. de Castelnau …
… of Linnæus . n.p. 119: 4a Davis, John Francis . 1852. China, during war and since …
… the Second. London. [Other eds.] 119: 17b Francis , George William. 1837. An analysis …
… of J. Galt . 2 vols. London. 119: 21b Galton, Francis . 1853. The narrative of an …
… Cowper . 4 vols. London. 119: 5a Head, Francis Bond. 1834. Bubbles from the Brunnens …
… Leonard, ed. 1843. Memoirs and correspondence of Francis Horner. Edited by Leonard Horner. 2 …
… . Boston. [Other eds.] *119: 18v. [Jeffrey, Francis ]. 1811. Alison on taste. Edinburgh …

3.20 Elliott and Fry, c.1880-1, verandah

Summary

< Back to Introduction In photographs of Darwin taken c.1880-1, the expression of energetic thought conveyed by photographs of earlier years gives way to the pathos of evident physical frailty. While Collier’s oil portrait of this time emphasises…

Matches: 13 hits

… < Back to Introduction In photographs of Darwin taken c.1880-1, the expression of …
… While Collier’s oil portrait of this time emphasises Darwin’s benign but penetrating gaze, the …
… photographs taken by the firm of Elliott and Fry, showing Darwin on the verandah of Down House - …
… of the image. How far these qualities truly represent Darwin’s prevailing mood, or are, rather, a …
… by Gustav Kruell to serve as the frontispiece to volume 3 of Francis Darwin’s Life and Letters …
… photograph from this group, which belonged to Henrietta Darwin and is now in the Darwin archive, was …
… dating, and it is not clear on what basis the photograph of Darwin seated on the verandah is dated …
… out that the cold autumn of 1881, following the death of Darwin’s brother Erasmus, may be a likely …
… 1881, echoed in another to B.J. Sulivan of 1 December 1881, Darwin complained of feeling very old, …
… All these Elliott and Fry photographs were reissued after Darwin’s death as ‘cartes’ and ‘cabinet’ …
… references and bibliography letters from Darwin to Hooker, 15 June 1881 (DCP-LETT-13207) and to B …
… des Sciences de la Bibliothèque Universelle , 7 (May 1882 ). Francis Darwin (ed.), The Life and …
… History), Special Guide no. 4, Memorials of Charles Darwin , 2 nd ed. (London: Trustees of the …

	CCD intro	(2)
	Featured	(2)
	Correspondents	(3)
	Darwin family	(1)
	Family and friends	(1)
	Home and family	(1)
	Life sciences	(3)
	Darwin's controversies	(1)
	Natural selections: a longer read	(2)
	Historical documents	(3)
	Key correspondents	(1)
	audio	(1)
	Publishers artists and illustrators	(1)
	Religion	(1)

Darwin Correspondence Project

Search form

Search: contains ""

Bad Request

Summary

Matches: 27 hits

Summary

Matches: 9 hits

Summary

Matches: 24 hits

Summary

Matches: 25 hits

Summary

Matches: 8 hits

Summary

Matches: 23 hits

Summary

Matches: 9 hits

Summary

Matches: 20 hits

Summary

Matches: 22 hits

Summary

Matches: 27 hits

Summary

Matches: 22 hits

Summary

Matches: 12 hits

Summary

Matches: 7 hits

Summary

Matches: 21 hits

Summary

Matches: 14 hits

Summary

Matches: 16 hits

Summary

Matches: 24 hits

Summary

Matches: 11 hits

Summary

Matches: 25 hits

Summary

Matches: 13 hits