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Darwin in letters, 1877: Flowers and honours
Summary
Ever since the publication of Expression, Darwin’s research had centred firmly on botany. The year 1877 was no exception. The spring and early summer were spent completing Forms of flowers, his fifth book on a botanical topic. He then turned to the…
Matches: 19 hits
- … Ever since the publication of Expression , Darwin’s research had centred firmly on botany. The …
- … of these projects would culminate in a major publication. Darwin’s botany was increasingly a …
- … assisted his father’s research on movement and bloom, and Darwin in turn encouraged his son’s own …
- … from a family that the Darwins had befriended. The year 1877 was more than usually full of honours. …
- … from Germany, Austria, and the Netherlands. Closer to home, Darwin received an honorary Doctorate of …
- … sites for possible earthworm activity. Now in his 69th year, Darwin remained remarkably productive, …
- … no controversy. In his autobiographical reflections, Darwin remarked: ‘no little discovery of …
- … (‘Recollections’, p. 419). During the winter and spring, Darwin was busy preparing the manuscript of …
- … of respect and affection’. He hinted as much in his letter of 4 June : ‘you will see I have done …
- … In the end, Darwin did not publish on the subject, but Francis later reported some of the results of …
- … of a very heavy shower’, William wrote on 24 August 1877 . ‘The leaves were not at all depressed; …
- … have shared Hooker’s suspicion of ambitious gardeners ( letter from W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, 25 August …
- … … tap one of the young leaves with a delicate twig’ ( letter to R. I. Lynch, 14 September 1877 ). …
- … with thread, card, and bits of glass. Encouraging Francis Darwin greatly enjoyed …
- … eminent German botanist Ferdinand Julius Cohn, who confirmed Francis’s observations: ‘the most …
- … , or to the vibratory flagella of some Infusoria’ ( letter from F. J. Cohn, 5 August 1877 ). …
- … wrote to the editor, George Croom Robertson, on 27 April 1877 , ‘I hope that you will be so good …
- … his sense of form and of motion was exact and lively’ ( letter from W. E. Gladstone, 23 October …
- … the Westphalian Provincial Society for Science and Art. In a letter to Darwin written before 16 …
Darwin in letters, 1879: Tracing roots
Summary
Darwin spent a considerable part of 1879 in the eighteenth century. His journey back in time started when he decided to publish a biographical account of his grandfather Erasmus Darwin to accompany a translation of an essay on Erasmus’s evolutionary ideas…
Matches: 19 hits
- … There are summaries of all Darwin's letters from the year 1879 on this website. The full texts …
- … 27 of the print edition of The correspondence of Charles Darwin , published by Cambridge …
- … to publish a biographical account of his grandfather Erasmus Darwin to accompany a translation of an …
- … the sensitivity of the tips. Despite this breakthrough, when Darwin first mentioned the book to his …
- … many blessings, was finding old age ‘a dismal time’ ( letter to Henry Johnson, 24 September 1879 ) …
- … wrinkles one all over like a baked pear’ ( enclosure in letter from R. W. Dixon, 20 December 1879 …
- … itself, or gone some other way round?’ At least the last letter of 1879 contained a warmer note and …
- … office to complete Horace’s marriage settlement ( letter from W. M. Hacon, 31 December 1879 ). …
- … but they were ‘as nice and good as could be’ ( letter from Karl Beger, [ c. 12 February 1879] ) …
- … Virchow’s attempt to discredit evolutionary theory in 1877, assured him that his views were now …
- … on your life’s work, which is crowned with glory’ ( letter from Ernst Haeckel, 9 February 1879 ). …
- … editor of the journal Kosmos , which had been founded in 1877 by Krause and others as a journal …
- … with Charles Darwin and Ernst Haeckel. Kosmos was, as Francis Darwin reported from Germany that …
- … the children correctly’, mentioning in particular that Francis Galton was the son of one of Erasmus …
- … to contradict false statements that had been published by Francis Galton’s aunt, Mary Anne …
- … for Captain Robert FitzRoy on the Beagle voyage, Francis Beaufort of the Admiralty described the …
- … and poet’ ( Correspondence vol. 1, letter from Francis Beaufort to Robert FitzRoy, 1 September …
- … and particularly the theory of natural selection in 1877) had previously told Krause, ‘He is a very …
- … of laws he had received from Cambridge University in 1877. Emma Darwin recorded that Darwin found …
Darwin in letters, 1878: Movement and sleep
Summary
In 1878, Darwin devoted most of his attention to the movements of plants. He investigated the growth pattern of roots and shoots, studying the function of specific organs in this process. Working closely with his son Francis, Darwin devised a series of…
Matches: 23 hits
- … lessen injury to leaves from radiation In 1878, Darwin devoted most of his attention to …
- … organs in this process. Working closely with his son Francis, Darwin devised a series of experiments …
- … of most advanced plant laboratories in Europe. While Francis was away, Darwin delighted in …
- … from botanical research was provided by potatoes, as Darwin took up the cause of an Irish …
- … would rid Ireland of famine. Several correspondents pressed Darwin for his views on religion, …
- … closed with remarkable news of a large legacy bequeathed to Darwin by a stranger as a reward for his …
- … Hooker, ‘or as far as I know any scientific man’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 14 December [1878] ). …
- … Expression ), and the final revision of Origin (1872), Darwin had turned almost exclusively to …
- … Movement in plants In the spring of 1878, Darwin started to focus on the first shoots and …
- … were enrolled as researchers, as were family members. Darwin asked his niece Sophy to observe …
- … or arched.… Almost all seedlings come up arched’ ( letter to Sophy Wedgwood, 24 March [1878–80] ). …
- … (see Movement in plants , pp. 112–13). He explained to Francis on 2 July : ‘I go on maundering …
- … when he finds out that he missed sensitiveness of apex’ ( letter to Francis Darwin, [11 May 1878] …
- … the bassoon & apparently more by a high than a low note.’ Francis apparently played the musical …
- … Darwin complained. ‘I am ashamed at my blunder’ ( letter to John Tyndall, 22 December [1878] ). …
- … on plant movement were intensely collaborative, with Francis playing a more active role than ever. …
- … exchanged when they were apart. At the start of June, Francis left to work at Sach’s laboratory in …
- … accursed German language: Sachs is very kind to him’ ( letter to W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, 18 June …
- … have nobody to talk to, about my work, I scribble to you ( letter to Francis Darwin, 7 [July 1878] …
- … but it is horrid not having you to discuss it with’ ( letter to Francis Darwin, 20 [July 1878] ). …
- … determine whether they had chlorophyll, Francis reported ( letter from Francis Darwin, [after 7 …
- … ‘There is one machine we must have’, Francis wrote ( letter from Francis Darwin, [before 17 July …
- … the German Association of Naturalists in September 1877, Darwin’s outspoken supporter Ernst Haeckel …
Francis Darwin
Summary
Known to his family as ‘Frank’, Charles Darwin’s seventh child himself became a distinguished scientist. He was an undergraduate at Trinity College, Cambridge, initially studying mathematics, but then transferring to natural sciences. Francis completed…
Matches: 8 hits
- … Known to his family as ‘Frank’, Charles Darwin’s seventh child himself became a distinguished …
- … but then transferring to natural sciences. Francis completed his studies at Cambridge, …
- … into debt and had kept the matter secret for some months. Darwin was very stern in his advice: ‘I …
- … so bothersome an old fellow as I daresay I appear to you’ (letter to Francis Darwin, 18 October …
- … engaged to Amy Ruck in 1872; the couple married in 1874. Francis was already living in Down. and …
- … a laboratory run by Julius von Sachs in Wurzburg. Francis Darwin was elected to the Royal …
- … course, that his father had not been knighted, although in 1877 Charles Darwin was awarded an …
- … ( The Power of Movement in Plants, 1880). Perhaps Francis Darwin, whom the family regarded as a …
Cross and self fertilisation
Summary
The effects of cross and self fertilisation in the vegetable kingdom, published on 10 November 1876, was the result of a decade-long project to provide evidence for Darwin’s belief that ‘‘Nature thus tells us, in the most emphatic manner, that she abhors…
Matches: 26 hits
- … the result of a decade-long project to provide evidence for Darwin’s belief that ‘‘Nature thus tells …
- … on plants with two or three different forms of flowers, Darwin had focused on the anatomical and …
- … of different forms of pollen. Although many plants that Darwin observed had flowers with adaptations …
- … rates, growth, and constitutional vigour. Although Darwin was no stranger to long months and years …
- … … is highly remarkable’ In September 1866, Darwin announced to the American botanist …
- … several years ( To Édouard Bornet, 1 December 1866 ). Darwin began a series of experiments, …
- … ). It was only after a new season of experiments that Darwin would confirm that this poppy shed its …
- … access to flowers was only the tip of the iceberg. Darwin next focused on the California …
- … conditions’ ( From Fritz Müller, 1 December 1866 ). Darwin’s interest was piqued and he described …
- … when self-fertilised, although fewer than crossed plants. Darwin sent some of these seeds to Müller, …
- … 17 March [1867] ). He noted another factor in a letter to Gray, remarking, ‘I am going on with my …
- … [1873] ). In September, Darwin wrote a long letter to Nature commenting on a seemingly …
- … 8 January 1876] ). It was his cousin, the statistician Francis Galton, who provided a statistical …
- … to publish the report in the introduction to the book ( To Francis Galton, 13 January [1876] ). …
- … 6 June 1876] ). The project proved to be too complex and Francis Darwin later recalled, ‘the …
- … birth of Darwin’s first grandchild, a son born to Amy and Francis Darwin on 7 September, suddenly …
- … if, as I expect, you find it too much for you’ ( To Francis Darwin, 16 September [1876] ). Francis …
- … have accepted all, though some slightly modified’ ( To Francis Darwin, 20 September [1876] ). …
- … ‘Your corrections are very good & very useful’ ( To Francis Darwin 25 September [1876] ). …
- … of plants.’ ( From Friedrich Hildebrand, 18 January 1877 ). Hermann Müller enthused that Darwin’s …
- … A. R. Wallace, 13 December 1876 ). No reply to this letter has been found, but Darwin had long …
- … my book’ ( To Gardeners’ Chronicle , 19 February [1877] ). In contrast, as Hooker told Darwin, …
- … gloats over it' ( From J. D. Hooker, 27 January 1877 ). Darwin was especially pleased with …
- … have quite eviscerated it’ ( To Asa Gray, 18 February [1877] ). By mid-March 1877, the edition was …
- … index a little altered’ ( To R. F. Cooke, 11 December [1877] ). These changes were necessitated by …
- … wheat that he had studied ( From A. W. Rimpau, 10 December 1877 ). By the end of February 1878, …
Dipsacus and Drosera: Frank’s favourite carnivores
Summary
In Autumn of 1875, Francis Darwin was busy researching aggregation in the tentacles of Drosera rotundifolia (F. Darwin 1876). This phenomenon occurs when coloured particles within either protoplasm or the fluid in the cell vacuole (the cell sap) cluster…
Matches: 24 hits
- … By John Schaefer, Harvard University* Charles Darwin’s enthusiasm for carnivorous plants -- …
- … than the origin of all the species in the world. ’ Darwin’s rigorous experimentation with these …
- … plants in the scientific and public imagination. Darwin’s son, Francis, carried on his father …
- … experience with his father's thorough experiments, Francis sought to elaborate on the book’s …
- … fluid in the cell vacuole (the cell sap) cluster together. Darwin senior had theorized in …
- … protoplasm . Inspired by his investigation of Drosera , Francis set out to examine the cup-like …
- … The Loves of the Plants (1789) his grandfather, Erasmus Darwin, wrote that each dew-filled cup …
- … to prevent insects from creeping up to devour its seed.’ Francis, however, expected to find that the …
- … sent to his father from Kew Gardens by Joseph Dalton Hooker, Francis began growing his own specimens …
- … into deciphering plant carnivory. On 28 May 1876, Francis wrote to his father that he had …
- … emphatically exclaiming ‘ Hooray theory. Blow facts. ’ Francis drew comparisons to ‘the absorption …
- … article on aggregation in D. rotundifolia tentacles, Francis had to delay further examinations …
- … I were you, to the point of death. ’ At this time, Darwin senior was responding to critiques …
- … ‘Seed-bearing’ experiments with Dipsacus . While Darwin was ‘curious if the movements of the …
- … After witnessing this ‘ grand discovery ’ himself, Darwin excitedly described the protoplasmic …
- … and proofreading Darwin’s second edition of Orchids (1877). By January of the following …
- … ( Dipsacus sylvestris )’ at the Royal Society on 1 March 1877 (F. Darwin 1877a). His address was …
- … and a plate of sixteen figures, was published in July 1877 in the Quarterly Journal of …
- … ‘ I can declare that I have hardly ever received [a letter] in my life which has given me more …
- … Darwin’s request, Cohn agreed to allow an excerpt of his letter to be published in Nature , …
- … the journal by the end of the month ( Nature , 23 August 1877, p. 339). Although, as Darwin …
- … to his father’s beloved Drosera rotundifolia in June 1877, finding sundews that had been ‘fed’ …
- … Grant. References Darwin, C. 1877. The Contractile Filaments of the …
- … teasel ( Dipsacus sylvestris ). (Abstract.) [Read 1 March 1877.] Proceedings of the Royal …
Movement in Plants
Summary
The power of movement in plants, published on 7 November 1880, was the final large botanical work that Darwin wrote. It was the only work in which the assistance of one of his children, Francis Darwin, is mentioned on the title page. The research for this…
Matches: 24 hits
- … 7 November 1880, was the final large botanical work that Darwin wrote. It was the only work in which …
- … about their research while he was away from home. Although Darwin lacked a state of the art research …
- … research being pursued by other naturalists who, like Francis, had come to this centre for the study …
- … methods and use the most advanced laboratory equipment. Darwin also benefitted from the instrument …
- … copied but also improved on some of the apparatuses that Francis had been introduced to at Würzburg. …
- … plant physiology, but it was at its core informed by Darwin’s theory of evolution, particularly by …
- … early 1860s, at a time when his health was especially bad, Darwin had taken up the study of climbing …
- … reproduced as a small book, giving it a much wider audience. Darwin was not the first naturalist to …
- … had considered combining the works in a single volume ( letter to J. V. Carus, 7 February 1875 ). …
- … from all over Europe and beyond. When Darwin’s son Francis worked in this laboratory in the summers …
- … had also asked Horace to discuss the point with his friend Francis Balfour(258). Darwin promised to …
- … ‘Very curious results’ In May 1877, Darwin asked one of his most trusted …
- … of any success. '. Just two months later, Darwin put Francis in charge of this aspect of the …
- … , a plant that exhibited all three types of movement ( letter from R. I. Lynch, [before 28 July …
- … more familiar with the research in Sachs’s laboratory as Francis’s departure for Würzburg was …
- … the woodblock using photography for scientific accuracy ( letter from J. D. Cooper, 13 December …
- … lost colour, withered, and died within a couple of days ( letter from A. F. Batalin, 28 February …
- … how their observations could have been so much at odds ( letter to Hugo de Vries 13 February 1879 …
- … the botanist Gaetano Durando, to find plants and seeds ( letter to Francis Darwin, [4 February – 8 …
- … only the regulator & not cause of movement ’. In the same letter, Darwin discussed terminology, …
- … to replace Frank’s ‘Transversal-Heliotropismus’ ( letter from W. E. Darwin, 10 February [1880] ). …
- … experiments and devised a new test, which he described in a letter to his mother, ‘ I did some …
- … and it appeared in 1880 (F. Darwin 1880b). In the same letter, Francis revealed the frustration of …
- … those of Gray, who had written an article on the subject in 1877 (A. Gray 1877e). Gray had reported …
Language: key letters
Summary
How and why language evolved bears on larger questions about the evolution of the human species, and the relationship between man and animals. Darwin presented his views on the development of human speech from animal sounds in The Descent of Man (1871),…
Matches: 14 hits
- … human species, and the relationship between man and animals. Darwin presented his views on the …
- … he first began to reflect on the transmutation of species. Darwin’s correspondence reveals the scope …
- … whom he exchanged information and ideas. Letter 346: Darwin, C. R. to Darwin, C. S., 27 Feb …
- … Caucasian languages separated from one stock.” Letter 2070: Wedgwood, Hensleigh to Darwin, …
- … is the grinding down of former continents.” Letter 3054: Darwin, C. R. to Lyell, Charles, 2 …
- … that languages, like species, were separately created. Darwin writes to the geologist Charles Lyell …
- … former,—which I tell him is perfectly logical.” Letter 5605: Darwin, C. R. to Müller, J. F. …
- … whilst young, do they scream & make loud noise?” Letter 7040: Wedgwood, Hensleigh to …
- … speech from gradually growing to such a stage” Letter 8367: Darwin, C. R. to Wright, …
- … & thus unconsciously altering the breed. Letter 8962: Darwin, C. R. to Max Müller, …
- … judge of the arguments opposed to this belief[.]” Letter 10194: Max Müller, Friedrich to …
- … want, at least in the Science of Language […]” Letter 9887: Dawkins, W. B. to Darwin, C. R. …
- … hold that language is not a test of race […]” Letter 11074: Sayce, A. H. to Darwin, C. R., …
- … of wanting to eat, for this movement makes a sound like the letter m.” “For some time past I have …
Referencing women’s work
Summary
Darwin's correspondence shows that women made significant contributions to Darwin's work, but whether and how they were acknowledged in print involved complex considerations of social standing, professional standing, and personal preference.…
Matches: 15 hits
- … Darwin's correspondence shows that women made significant contributions to Darwin's work, …
- … set of selected letters is followed by letters relating to Darwin's 1881 publication …
- … work are referenced throughout Variation . Letter 2395 - Darwin to Holland, …
- … her identity is both anonymised and masculinised. Letter 3316 - Darwin to Nevill, D …
- … Nevill is referenced by name for her “kindness” in Darwin’s Fertilisation of Orchids . …
- … are identified only as “friends in Surrey”. Letter 4794 - Darwin to Lyell, C., [25 …
- … Sir C. Lyell” or received from “Miss. B”. Letter 7060 - Wedgwood, F. J. to …
- … was referenced in the final publication. Letter 7223 - Darwin to Wedgwood, L. C …
- … are not cited in Expression . Letter 5817 - Darwin to Huxley, T. H., …
- … description of a crying baby in Mary Barton. Letter 8321 - Darwin to …
- … he would “feel the public humming” at him. Letter 7345 - Wedgwood, L. C. to Darwin, …
- … lady, on whose accuracy I can implicitly rely”. Letter 8427 - Darwin to Litchfield H …
- … of Henrietta’s considerable editorial input. Letter 8719 - Darwin to Treat, M., [1 …
- … Letters relating to Earthworms Letter 7428 - Wedgwood, F. to Darwin, [4 …
- … Letter 11221 - Darwin to Darwin, H., [1 November 1877] Darwin asks his sons, …
Darwin in letters, 1880: Sensitivity and worms
Summary
‘My heart & soul care for worms & nothing else in this world,’ Darwin wrote to his old Shrewsbury friend Henry Johnson on 14 November 1880. Darwin became fully devoted to earthworms in the spring of the year, just after finishing the manuscript of…
Matches: 21 hits
- … heart & soul care for worms & nothing else in this world,’ Darwin wrote to his old …
- … to adapt to varying conditions. The implications of Darwin’s work for the boundary between animals …
- … studies of animal instincts by George John Romanes drew upon Darwin’s early observations of infants, …
- … of evolution and creation. Many letters flowed between Darwin and his children, as he took delight …
- … Financial support for science was a recurring issue, as Darwin tried to secure a Civil List pension …
- … with Samuel Butler, prompted by the publication of Erasmus Darwin the previous year. …
- … Charles Harrison Tindal, sent a cache of letters from two of Darwin’s grandfather’s clerical friends …
- … my grandfather’s character is of much value to me’ ( letter to C. H. Tindal, 5 January 1880 ). …
- … have influenced the whole Kingdom, & even the world’ ( letter from J. L. Chester, 3 March 1880 …
- … delighted to find an ordinary mortal who could laugh’ ( letter from W. E. Darwin to Charles and …
- … much powder & shot’ ( Correspondence vol. 27, letter from Ernst Krause, 7 June 1879 , and …
- … modified; but now I much regret that I did not do so’ ( letter to Samuel Butler, 3 January 1880 ). …
- … and ‘decided on laying the matter before the public’ ( letter from Samuel Butler, 21 January 1880 …
- … and uncertain about what to do. He drafted two versions of a letter to the Athen æum , sending …
- … Mr Butler whatever.’ Power of movement With Francis’s assistance, the last of Darwin’s …
- … the genus given by Gray in an article and textbook (A. Gray 1877 and A. Gray 1879, pp. 20–1). ‘I …
- … of the nervous system, and the nature of ‘sensitivity’. Francis Balfour described Movement in …
- … the intake of stones and flints to aid digestion. He asked Francis to check for castings on old …
- … rightly thought the ‘queer subject’ of interest to Francis Galton, who had already taken thumb …
- … extending the study to public-school pupils ( letter to Francis Galton, 7 April 1880 , and …
- … William’s interest in geology, and longed to see Francis elected fellow of the Royal Society. He …
All Darwin's letters from 1873 go online for the anniversary of Origin
Summary
To celebrate the 158th anniversary of the publication of Origin of species on 24 November, the full transcripts and footnotes of over 500 letters from and to Charles Darwin in 1873 are now available online. Read about Darwin's life in 1873 through his…
Matches: 11 hits
- … and footnotes of over 500 letters from and to Charles Darwin in 1873 are now available online. …
- … father or an atheist. Here are some highlights from Darwin's correspondence in 1873: …
- … than proving a true act of digestion in Drosera. ( Letter to J. D. Hooker, 23 October [1873] ) …
- … , published in 1875. Investigating the sundew's sensitivity, Darwin found that the glandular …
- … to bend inward, so that the plant closed like a fist. Darwin was fascinated by this transmission of …
- … I could give 2 scientific secretaries work to do ( Letter to E. A. Darwin, 20 September 1873 ) …
- … have now been printed off, & most of them sold! ( Letter to J. D. Hooker, 12 January [1873] …
- … appeared anonymously in the Edinburgh Review in April. Darwin asked one of his Scottish …
- … you, as we should to an honoured & much loved brother. ( Letter to T. H. Huxley, 23 …
- … their meaning; some love of the new and marvellous ( Letter to Francis Galton, 28 May 1873 …
- … investing money very well; very methodical in my habits.' Francis added to his father's …
Darwin in letters, 1863: Quarrels at home, honours abroad
Summary
At the start of 1863, Charles Darwin was actively working on the manuscript of The variation of animals and plants under domestication, anticipating with excitement the construction of a hothouse to accommodate his increasingly varied botanical experiments…
Matches: 20 hits
- … At the start of 1863, Charles Darwin was actively working on the manuscript of The variation of …
- … markedly, reflecting a decline in his already weak health. Darwin then began punctuating letters …
- … am languid & bedeviled … & hate everybody’. Although Darwin did continue his botanical …
- … of the water-cure. The treatment was not effective and Darwin remained ill for the rest of the year. …
- … the correspondence from the year. These letters illustrate Darwin’s preoccupation with the …
- … to man’s place in nature both had a direct bearing on Darwin’s species theory and on the problem …
- … from ‘some Quadrumanum animal’, as he put it in a letter to J. D. Hooker of 24[–5] February [1863] …
- … detailed anatomical similarities between humans and apes, Darwin was full of praise. He especially …
- … ‘I declare I never in my life read anything grander’ ( letter to T. H. Huxley, 26 [February 1863] …
- … in expressing any judgment on Species or origin of man’. Darwin’s concern about the popular …
- … Lyell’s and Huxley’s books. Three years earlier Darwin had predicted that Lyell’s forthcoming …
- … than Origin had (see Correspondence vol. 8, letter to Charles Lyell, 10 January [1860] ). …
- … from animals like the woolly mammoth and cave bear ( see letter from Jacques Boucher de Perthes, 23 …
- … first half of 1863 focused attention even more closely on Darwin’s arguments for species change. …
- … leap from that of inferior animals made him ‘groan’ ( letter to Charles Lyell, 6 March [1863] ). …
- … out that species were not separately created’ ( letter to Charles Lyell, 17 March [1863] ). Public …
- … book he wished his one-time mentor had not said a word ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 24[–5] February …
- … I respect you, as my old honoured guide & master’ ( letter to Charles Lyell, 6 March [1863] ). …
- … against stronger statements regarding species change ( letter from Charles Lyell, 11 March 1863 ). …
- … by them (see Correspondence vol. 11, Appendix IX). Francis Darwin later wrote of his father’s …
John Murray
Summary
Darwin's most famous book On the origin of species by means of natural selection (Origin) was published on 22 November 1859. The publisher was John Murray, who specialised in non-fiction, particularly politics, travel and science, and had published…
Matches: 18 hits
- … Darwin's most famous book On the origin of species by means of natural …
- … Scotland : it contains more than two hundred letters from Darwin, from his first negotiations in …
- … date from 1859, the year of the publication of Origin . Darwin’s son Francis described how his …
- … more interesting correspondence ( LL 1, p. v). Darwin returned from his voyage around the …
- … This had been published in London by Henry Colburn, but Darwin felt that the arrangements had been …
- … John Murray, to open negotiations with his own publisher ( Letter 824 ). Lyell’s talk with Murray …
- … a single volume. Returning to Murray the final proof sheets Darwin wrote, ‘I am much obliged for the …
- … Murray’s printers, and in the first copies some pages in Darwin’s chapter were transposed ( Letter …
- … & make the poor workman some present’ (12 June [1849] Letter 1245 ). Darwin’s next …
- … his ‘big species book’; on 18 June 1858, he received a letter from Alfred Russel Wallace with the …
- … asked Lyell to act as his intermediary with John Murray ( Letter 2437 ), who, without even reading …
- … not repent of having undertaken it’ (15 October [1859] Letter 2506 ). Murray decided on a retail …
- … proud at the appearance of my child’ ([3 November 1859] Letter 2514 ). In the event, all Murray’s …
- … – and a second edition was immediately called for ( Letter 2549 ). In the end Murray paid Darwin …
- … ‘Verifier’ an essay entitled Scepticism in Geology (1877), an argument against Lyell’s view of a …
- … (Variation ), but work progressed slowly ( Letter 3078 ); meanwhile in 1862 Murray published On …
- … more than a few hundred copies w d . be sold’ (11 April 1877 Letter 10926 ). Murray …
- … plants (Movement in plants), which he wrote with his son, Francis. It was extensively illustrated, …
Darwin in letters, 1875: Pulling strings
Summary
‘I am getting sick of insectivorous plants’, Darwin confessed in January 1875. He had worked on the subject intermittently since 1859, and had been steadily engaged on a book manuscript for nine months; January also saw the conclusion of a bitter dispute…
Matches: 25 hits
- … Editions Plants always held an important place in Darwin’s theorising about species, and …
- … his periods of severe illness. Yet on 15 January 1875 , Darwin confessed to his close friend …
- … way to continuous writing and revision, activities that Darwin found less gratifying: ‘I am slaving …
- … bad.’ The process was compounded by the fact that Darwin was also revising another manuscript …
- … coloured stamens.’ At intervals during the year, Darwin was diverted from the onerous task of …
- … zoologist St George Jackson Mivart. In April and early May, Darwin was occupied with a heated …
- … chapter of the controversy involved a slanderous attack upon Darwin’s son George, in an anonymous …
- … On 8 January , he told Hooker: ‘I will write a savage letter & that will do me some good, if I …
- … on 12 January , breaking off all future communication. Darwin had been supported during the affair …
- … to the Editor … Poor Murray shuddered again & again’ ( letter from J. D. Hooker, 16 January …
- … Darwin had become acquainted with Klein when his son Francis was studying medicine in London. Klein …
- … offered to pay the costs for printing an additional 250 ( letter to John Murray, 3 May 1875 ). …
- … & bless the day That ever you were born (letter from E. F. Lubbock, [after 2 …
- … that the originally red half has become wholly white’ ( letter from G. J. Romanes, [before 4 …
- … performed on animals in previous years by Darwin’s cousin Francis Galton. These had been …
- … pp. 188–90). He drew attention to this discussion in a letter to George Rolleston, remarking on 2 …
- … manuscripts and proofs, Darwin now relied heavily on his son Francis, who had made the decision in …
- … Darwin wrote, ‘I beg ten thousand pardon & more’ ( letter to Francis Darwin, [ c . February …
- … plants , and moved on to Variation 2d ed., Francis signed himself, ‘Your affect son … the …
- … both critical and reverential. On 16 July he received a letter from an advocate of women’s …
- … were involved in the launch of Kosmos in April 1877. From Haeckel, Darwin received a copy of a …
- … her presentation copy of Insectivorous plants ( letter to D. F. Nevill, 15 July [1875] ). Such …
- … 219.1: 89). The most eminent of Darwin’s guests was Francis, duke of Teck, a German prince …
- … Darwin could not keep up, and on 22 July , he had Francis reply: ‘My Father desires me to say …
- … on 2 December, the same meeting at which Romanes and Francis Darwin were made fellows. But Thiselton …
1.14 William Richmond, oil
Summary
< Back to Introduction William Blake Richmond’s portrait of Darwin, dating from 1879, celebrated his honorary degree of LL.D (Doctor in Laws), awarded by Cambridge University in 1877. Darwin’s return to his alma mater for the presentation ceremony…
Matches: 15 hits
- … William Blake Richmond’s portrait of Darwin, dating from 1879, celebrated his honorary degree of LL …
- … Senate House . . . and the scene was very animated.’ As Darwin entered the room, he ‘received an …
- … orator, speaking in Latin, elegantly but speciously adapted Darwin’s theories to ‘a passage of …
- … wearing a mortarboard and academic gown from cords over Darwin’s head. Whether the students intended …
- … (son of George Richmond, who had painted the watercolour of Darwin in his youth), received the …
- … of Fine Art at Oxford in this same year. In a letter of 18 June 1879, Darwin told Thiselton …
- … he found it difficult to establish any personal rapport with Darwin during his time at Down House. …
- … The Times critic thought it a ‘noble portrait’; Darwin was ‘wearing his crimson doctor’s gown, …
- … seigniory’. Its reception by the University and the Darwin family was apparently less enthusiastic. …
- … the expression are characteristic of my father’. When Emma Darwin saw it for the first time on a …
- … Zoology department of the University. Richmond’s image of Darwin never became familiar and popular …
- … Collier for another and very different oil portrait. With Darwin’s death perceived to be not far …
- … bibliography ‘University News’, Observer (18 Nov. 1877), p. 6. ‘Mr. Darwin at Cambridge’, …
- … exhibition’, Manchester Guardian (17 May 1880), p. 5. Francis Darwin (ed.), The Life and …
- … Christmas number of the Art Journal, 1902, p. 31. Francis Darwin and A.C. Seward, More Letters …
Darwin in letters, 1864: Failing health
Summary
On receiving a photograph from Charles Darwin, the American botanist Asa Gray wrote on 11 July 1864: ‘the venerable beard gives the look of your having suffered, and … of having grown older’. Because of poor health, Because of poor health, Darwin…
Matches: 23 hits
- … On receiving a photograph from Charles Darwin, the American botanist Asa Gray wrote on 11 July …
- … … of having grown older’. This portrait, the first of Darwin with his now famous beard, had been …
- … 52 hours without vomiting!! In the same month, Darwin began to consult William Jenner, …
- … prescribed a variety of antacids and purgatives, and limited Darwin’s fluid intake; this treatment …
- … the dimorphic aquatic cut-grass Leersia . In May, Darwin finished his paper on Lythrum …
- … he had set aside the previous summer. In October, Darwin let his friends know that on his …
- … and he received more letters of advice from Jenner. In a letter of 15 December [1864] to the …
- … November and December were also marked by the award to Darwin of the Royal Society’s Copley Medal; …
- … been unsuccessfully nominated the two previous years. As Darwin explained to his cousin William …
- … observations indoors ( Correspondence vol. 11). In a letter of [27 January 1864] , Darwin …
- … gradation by which leaves produce tendrils’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, [8 February 1864] ). …
- … fearfully for it is a leaf climber & therefore sacred’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 2 June [1864] …
- … matters which routinists regard in the light of axioms’ ( letter from Daniel Oliver, [17 March 1864 …
- … long series of changes . . .’ When he told Asa Gray in a letter of 29 October [1864] that he was …
- … paper was published, Darwin remarked to Hooker in a letter of 26 November [1864] that nothing …
- … of the two species with the common oxlip. In a letter of 22 October [1864] , Darwin triumphantly …
- … of dimorphic and trimorphic plants’), and later in his 1877 book, The different forms of flowers on …
- … measures, and drew the figures for ‘Climbing plants’. Francis, aged 14, collected specimens of …
- … the ‘splendid case of Dimorphism’ in Menyanthes ( letter from Emma and Charles Darwin to W. E. …
- … this interest. At the start of the year, he received a letter, insect specimens, and an article on …
- … that it was ‘the best medicine for my stomach’ ( letter to Daniel Oliver, 17 February [1864] ). …
- … in the second edition of Orchids , published in 1877. These publications were partly inspired by …
- … at the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, in 1862 with a letter regarding the fertilisation of the …
'An Appeal' against animal cruelty
Summary
The four-page pamphlet transcribed below and entitled 'An Appeal', was composed jointly by Emma and Charles Darwin (see letter from Emma Darwin to W. D. Fox, [29 September 1863]). The pamphlet, which protested against the cruelty of steel vermin…
Matches: 12 hits
- … 'An Appeal', was composed jointly by Emma and Charles Darwin (see letter from Emma Darwin …
- … of the pamphlet in August and September 1863 (see letter from G. B. Sowerby Jr to Emma Darwin, 22 …
- … 1863, pp. 821–2, under the title `Vermin and traps' ( Letter no. 4282). The wording of the …
- … and to 'a good many persons Squires Ladies & MPs' (see letter from Emma Darwin to W. D …
- … more success with the campaign than she expected (see the letter from Emma Darwin to William Erasmus …
- … s. 6 d. for distributing the 'cruelty pamphlet', and letter from Emma Darwin to W. D. …
- … of 'many of the leading sportsmen of the country', and Francis Trevelyan Buckland, well …
- … paper Animal World , and prominently linked Charles Darwin"s name to the offer of a prize …
- … involved no more cruelty than the possible alternatives (see letter from E. L. Darwin, 7 September …
- … a further public appeal against the use of steel traps in 1877 ( Spectator , 6 January 1877, p. 15 …
- … to the RSPCA in 1852 for working horses with sore necks (see letter from Emma Darwin to William …
- … threatened to report a similar case of cruelty in 1866 (see letter to [Local landowner], [1866], …
Volume appendices
Summary
Here is a list of the appendices from the print volumes of the Correspondence of Charles Darwin with links to adapted online versions where they are available. Appendix I in each volume contains translations of letters in foreign languages and these can…
Matches: 17 hits
- … from the print volumes of the Correspondence of Charles Darwin with links to adapted online …
- … and these can be accessed online by searching for a letter and clicking on the translation tab on …
- … 1 II Darwin’s Beagle records 1 III …
- … 1 V Darwin’s early notes on coral reef formation …
- … 2 IV Darwin’s notes on marriage 2 V …
- … 2 VI Darwin and William Kemp on the vitality of seeds …
- … 3 III Darwin’s notes arising from conversations with Joseph Dalton Hooker …
- … 4 II Darwin’s study of the Cirripedia 4 …
- … 5 II Death of Anne Elizabeth Darwin …
- … 6 III Dates of composition of Darwin’s manuscript on species …
- … 7 III Abstract of Darwin’s species theory …
- … 7 V Death of Charles Waring Darwin 7 VI …
- … 8 V Patrick Matthew's letter to the Gardeners’ Chronicle …
- … 9 V Correspondence between Erasmus Darwin and Josiah Wedgwood I, concerning …
- … 9 IX Letters between Thomas Francis Jamieson and Charles Lyell on the geology …
- … 10 IX Diplomas presented to Charles Darwin …
- … German poems presented to Charles Darwin in February 1877 25 VII …
Forms of flowers
Summary
Darwin’s book The different forms of flowers on plants of the same species, published in 1877, investigated the structural differences in the sexual organs of flowers of the same species. It drew on and expanded five articles Darwin had published on the…
Matches: 28 hits
- … Darwin’s book The different forms of flowers on plants of the same species , published in 1877, …
- … later claimed, in a lecture at the Royal Institution, that Darwin’s theory, ‘falls short of being a …
- … stock’ (T. H. Huxley 1860, p. 198). In Origin , p. 272, Darwin had contended that the sterility …
- … ‘How perplexing’ Darwin had first noticed differences in the flowers of …
- … plants” ’, he told his close friend Joseph Hooker . Darwin suspected the flowers were dioecious …
- … roughness of stigma!’ At this early stage in his research, Darwin’s hypothesis was that the …
- … to a dioecious state. After further study, Darwin discovered, contrary to his expectations, …
- … about equal number of seed, how perplexing it will be. ’ Darwin was surprised again in December …
- … cannot make out the mystery next Spring. ’ By March 1861, Darwin had begun to refer to the ‘ …
- … required insect agency to effect fertilisation and set seed, Darwin became convinced that oxlips …
- … as a result of cross-fertilisation with primroses. As Darwin was finishing his paper on the …
- … hopes that it may throw some light on Hybridisation’. Darwin echoed this assertion in the conclusion …
- … special endowment to keep created species distinct.’ What Darwin referred to here as a ‘homomorphic …
- … same form. At this late stage in his Primula research, Darwin discovered that another plant, …
- … ‘Truly wonderful’ It was not long before Darwin began to receive remarks on his Primula …
- … worth highlighting in taxonomic works. He closed by asking Darwin to study the case of Viola …
- … always produced an abundance of seed. This was a topic Darwin would return to, but for the moment, …
- … mentioned in his Primula paper. In July 1862, Darwin explained to Gray, ‘ I have lately …
- … distinct .’ As well as performing his own experiments, Darwin received information on other species …
- … with two species , one of which had not been worked on by Darwin. Before Darwin began …
- … of what would eventually be published as Variation , Darwin told Hooker, ‘ I have just finished …
- … ‘Almost stark staring mad’ Darwin next moved on to Lythrum , a genus that he …
- … (p. 82) and clarified the meaning to Fritz Müller in a letter in September 1866, ‘ What I meant in …
- … his papers on forms of flowers into a book. By January 1877, Darwin informed Hooker, ‘ …I am only …
- … about Dimorphic & Trimorphic plants ’. He wanted his son Francis to examine at Kew yet more …
- … than in the short-styled form ’, Darwin annotated this letter, wondering, ‘Would it be worth while …
- … illegitimate offspring of heterostyled plants. By late March 1877 Darwin told Carus that he was …
- … . He contacted his publisher John Murray in early April 1877, telling him, ‘ I wish the …
From morphology to movement: observation and experiment
Summary
Darwin was a thoughtful observer of the natural world from an early age. Whether on a grand scale, as exemplified by his observations on geology, or a microscopic one, as shown by his early work on the eggs and larvae of tiny bryozoans, Darwin was…
Matches: 28 hits
- … Darwin was a thoughtful observer of the natural world from an early age. …
- … by his early work on the eggs and larvae of tiny bryozoans, Darwin was fascinated with nature in all …
- … idea of what constituted an ‘experiment’ evolved during Darwin’s lifetime (see What is an …
- … later materialistic versions, notably that exemplified by Darwin’s German supporter Ernst Haeckel in …
- … brought about by the conditions of existence. Darwin had read some Goethe in translation (in …
- … as well as through his correspondence. Arguably, Darwin’s first extended foray into morphology was …
- … (see Works in Letters: Living and fossil Cirripedia ). Darwin studied larval as well as adult …
- … plants: adaptation in action As an experimenter, Darwin was guided by the concept of …
- … it became a process. In his research on orchids, therefore, Darwin began by carefully working out …
- … (pollen masses naturally fall on the stigma). In a letter to Gardeners’ Chronicle in June 1860 …
- … their observations on what happened to the pollen masses. Darwin continued to investigate this …
- … observers in France and Germany to the second edition of 1877 (see Works in Letters: Orchids ). …
- … adheres to a visiting insect. Another puzzle for Darwin was the existence of nectaries with …
- … the time the second edition of Orchids was published, Darwin had performed more experimental …
- … types of disc. ‘If this double relation is accidental,’ Darwin concluded, ‘it is a fortunate …
- … been recorded’ ( Orchids 2d ed. pp. 43-4). Darwin focused on a particular type of …
- … As he observed both structural modifications and movement, Darwin began to notice the ubiquitous …
- … Although morphological adaptation was the main focus in Darwin’s work on both orchids and climbing …
- … were noticed as an adjunct to structural features. When Darwin returned to research on plants, …
- … stage. Movement inside and out Darwin had begun researching the …
- … the same time he began work on orchid morphology. In a letter written in October 1860 to his …
- … approach even further, collaborating with his son Francis and benefitting from his association with …
- … in Germany (see Works in letters: Movement in plants ). Francis spent the summers of 1878 and …
- … performed by Sachs, their results were often at odds. In a letter to William Turner Thiselton-Dyer …
- … his second summer at Sachs’s laboratory, a frustrated Francis complained to his father about Sachs’s …
- … it would injure the root and prevent geotropism. In a letter to his father, Francis described his …
- … with clear glass and he mentioned this in his reply to Francis, adding that he was not surprised by …
- … experimental protocols to reinforce his results. He told Francis, ‘ Great man as Sachs is, I am not …
