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List of correspondents
Summary
Below is a list of Darwin's correspondents with the number of letters for each one. Click on a name to see the letters Darwin exchanged with that correspondent. "A child of God" (1) Abberley,…
Matches: 27 hits
- … (12) Agassiz, Louis (10) Agent for Mr Allen …
- … Arruda Furtado, Francisco d’ (10) Ashburner, Lionel (1) …
- … (1) Babbage, Charles (10) Babington, C. C. …
- … Benson, W. H. (2) Bentham, George (66) …
- … Browne, Walter (6) Brownen, George (1) …
- … Bush, John (3) Busk, George (18) …
- … Claus, C. F. (9) Clendon, George, Jr (1) …
- … (1) Covington, Syms (10) Cowper-Temple, W. F. …
- … Crookes, William (1) Cross, George (5) …
- … Cupples, A. J. (2) Cupples, George (56) …
- … Alexander (1) Dickie, George (3) …
- … (9) Errera, L. A. (10) Erskine, H. N. B. …
- … (13) Forbes, Edward (10) Forbes, J. D. …
- … Fox, W. D. (225) Francis, George (1) …
- … François de Chaumont, F. S. B. (10) Fraser, George (3) …
- … Gibbons, W. H. S. (1) Gibbs, George (1) …
- … Gordon, C. G. (1) Gordon, George (a) (3) …
- … Grenville, G. N. (1) Grey, George (3) …
- … Grove, G. (1) Grove, George (1) …
- … (1) Harcourt, E. W. V. (10) Hardwicke’s …
- … Hensgen, Carl (1) Henslow, George (37) …
- … (1) Leighton, W. A. (10) Leng, H. H. …
- … (60) Litchfield, R. B. (10) Literary Fund …
- … (1) Miller, W. H. (10) Milne Home, David …
- … (7) Reeks, Henry (10) Reeks, Trenham …
- … (5) Reuter, Adolf (10) Reviewer (1) …
- … (1) Stanley, M. C. (10) Stanley, Thomas …
Race, Civilization, and Progress
Summary
Darwin's first reflections on human progress were prompted by his experiences in the slave-owning colony of Brazil, and by his encounters with the Yahgan peoples of Tierra del Fuego. Harsh conditions, privation, poor climate, bondage and servitude,…
Darwin in letters, 1860: Answering critics
Summary
On 7 January 1860, John Murray published the second edition of Darwin’s Origin of species, printing off another 3000 copies to satisfy the demands of an audience that surprised both the publisher and the author. It wasn't long, however, before ‘the…
Matches: 7 hits
- … of scientific investigation.—’ ( letter to J. S. Henslow, 8 May [1860] ). Above all else …
- … Lyell are some of the most fascinating in the volume. George Henry Kendrick Thwaites …
- … form’, namely those of embryology ( letter to Asa Gray, 10 September [1860] ). Only his theory, he …
- … with other animals’ ( letter to Charles Lyell, 10 January [1860] )— he and others were well aware …
- … rather than against Darwin’s book per se . Prodded by Henslow’s defence of the integrity of …
- … views.—’ ( letter from J. S. Henslow to J. D. Hooker, 10 May 1860 ). What worried Darwin most …
- … serve a purpose in Britain. He immediately wrote to Gray on 10 September after studying the first …
Darwin in letters, 1865: Delays and disappointments
Summary
The year was marked by three deaths of personal significance to Darwin: Hugh Falconer, a friend and supporter; Robert FitzRoy, captain of the Beagle; and William Jackson Hooker, director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and father of Darwin’s friend…
Matches: 13 hits
- … and popular publications. A lengthy discussion written by George Douglas Campbell, duke of Argyll, …
- … given it up by early July ( see letter to J. D. Hooker, [10 July 1865] ). In July, he …
- … finished hearing it read aloud ( letter to Fritz Müller, 10 August [1865] ). Over the next few …
- … ( see letter from Fritz Müller, [12 and 31 August, and 10 October 1865] ; since it is impossible …
- … similarly coloured varieties (see Correspondence vol. 10, letter to John Scott, 19 November …
- … ‘industry & ability’ ( letter from J. D. Hooker, [10 March 1865] ). Scott took these …
- … societies and in the popular press. In December 1864, George Douglas Campbell, the duke of Argyll, …
- … of transmutation to humans (see Correspondence vol. 10, letter from J. H. Balfour, 14 January …
- … ( Correspondence vol. 11, letter from J. D. Hooker, 10 June 1863 ). However, probably …
- … visits. William was working as a banker in Southampton. George was at Trinity College, Cambridge; in …
- … Cresy, 7 September [1865] , and letter from Edward Cresy, 10 September 1865 ). Francis and …
- … from his description, was something of a thriller, and George Eliot’s The mill on the Floss , …
- … met. The last two months of the year also saw letters from George Henslow, the son of Darwin’s …
Darwin in letters, 1876: In the midst of life
Summary
1876 was the year in which the Darwins became grandparents for the first time. And tragically lost their daughter-in-law, Amy, who died just days after her son's birth. All the letters from 1876 are now published in volume 24 of The Correspondence…
Matches: 21 hits
- … suffered a serious concussion from a riding accident, and George Darwin’s ill-health grew worse, …
- … however, continued to be raised in various ways. On 10 January, Charles O’Shaughnessy , an Irish …
- … ignore the accusation made by the comparative anatomist St George Jackson Mivart in his Lessons …
- … down completely until Mivart made a slanderous attack on George Darwin in late 1874 in an anonymous …
- … fearful that Mivart still had the capacity to damage George’s reputation. ‘I care little about …
- … the Vivisec. Commissions recommendation this bill is’, George Darwin declared to his father on 31 …
- … Burdon Sanderson was keen for the society’s secretary, George Romanes, to write articles for the …
- … them to such extent?’ enthused Hermann Hoffmann on 10 January , while on 23 June, Auguste Forel …
- … of plant digestion further, had already reported on 10 January that he had confirmed the ‘more …
- … Pangenesis v. perigenesis The young zoologist George Romanes was also carrying out …
- … is a good lesson which will last for my life’, he told George Stokes, secretary of the society, on …
- … Horace, however, who was the first to type a letter, telling George on 1 May (in the only script the …
- … been Darwin’s strong point, and he was reliant on his son George and cousin Francis Galton for the …
- … research. He revelled in the praise heaped on Francis by George Henry Lewes for an article on the …
- … aware of both the highs and the lows of scientific work. George was cautioned not to be too …
- … Cambridge astronomer John Couch Adams not only approved of George’s work but intended to present it …
- … from scientific research was dangerous, and approved when George, who had worrying symptoms of …
- … Caroline home, they had experienced a further calamity. On 10 May, William suffered serious …
- … mentioned his oldest daughter Annie, who died at the age of 10 in 1851, but William, who was 11 …
- … 27 December 1876 ). In England, the clergyman botanist George Henslow, son of John Stevens Henslow, …
- … … are really in harmony with yours’ ( letter from George Henslow, [ c. 7 December 1876] ). …
Cross and self fertilisation
Summary
The effects of cross and self fertilisation in the vegetable kingdom, published on 10 November 1876, was the result of a decade-long project to provide evidence for Darwin’s belief that ‘‘Nature thus tells us, in the most emphatic manner, that she abhors…
Matches: 11 hits
- … self fertilisation in the vegetable kingdom , published on 10 November 1876, was the result of a …
- … of the young plants is highly remarkable’ ( To Asa Gray, 10 September [1866] ). By early December, …
- … on 30 January 1868. In April 1868, Darwin informed George Bentham, ‘I am experimenting on a …
- … of orchids are quite intelligible to me’ ( To George Bentham, 22 April 1868 ). A month later, he …
- … great measure my further working’ ( From Hermann Müller, 10 June 1873 ). Darwin, in turn, had …
- … had ‘begun to prepare for press observations continued for 10 years on the effects of crossing …
- … heights would be useful. He asked his mathematician son George whether it would be ‘an easy …
- … ( To G. H. Darwin, 8 January [1876] ). George explained the difficulties of lumping different …
- … 12 November 1876 ). The book was published on 10 November 1876. Within days, Darwin received …
- … Most published reviews that appeared were also positive, but George Henslow, in his review in …
- … of rye and wheat that he had studied ( From A. W. Rimpau, 10 December 1877 ). By the end of …
Darwin in letters, 1882: Nothing too great or too small
Summary
In 1882, Darwin reached his 74th year Earthworms had been published the previous October, and for the first time in decades he was not working on another book. He remained active in botanical research, however. Building on his recent studies in plant…
Matches: 18 hits
- … respectively. In January, Darwin corresponded with George John Romanes about new varieties of …
- … & experimentising on them’ ( letter to J. E. Todd, 10 April 1882 ). While enthusiasm drove him …
- … This was confirmed by one of his correspondents. A clerk, George Frederick Crawte, recounted a …
- … transit of Venus on an expedition to Queensland, Australia. George’s recent work had been highly …
- … Robert Stawell Ball that was printed in Nature declared George ‘the discoverer of tidal …
- … the great judges think highly of the work … I believe that George will some day be a great …
- … family and close friends grew worried. Letters were sent to George, who was soon to return from …
- … ‘ slight attack’ (Darwin pocket diary, 1882, 6, 7, 10 April 1882). Some days he was able to walk …
- … 3 April 1882 ). He sent a cheque for a memorial to the late George Rolleston ( letter to H. N. …
- … carried him off the next day. Henrietta immediately wrote to George, who had visited Down on 11 …
- … 20 years, & it is a consolation to me to think that the last 10 or 12 years were the happiest …
- … in tenderness’ (letter from Emma Darwin to W. E. Darwin, 10 May 1882 (DAR 219.1: 150)). …
- … I am able to work’ ( letter to A. R. Wallace, [ c . 10 April 1864] ). To the physician Henry …
- … a rare declaration on the origins of life to the chemist George Warington, who was keen to reconcile …
- … to remain each man’s private property’ ( letter to George Warington, 11 October [1867] ). …
- … One of Darwin’s other great loves, dogs, was indulged by George Cupples, a writer and experienced …
- … can assure you, we will all make much of him’ ( letter to George Cupples, 20 September [1870] ). …
- … was used by Darwin against his most aggressive critic, St George Jackson Mivart, who claimed that …
Darwin on race and gender
Summary
Darwin’s views on race and gender are intertwined, and mingled also with those of class. In Descent of man, he tried to explain the origin of human races, and many of the differences between the sexes, with a single theory: sexual selection. Sexual…
Darwin’s reading notebooks
Summary
In April 1838, Darwin began recording the titles of books he had read and the books he wished to read in Notebook C (Notebooks, pp. 319–28). In 1839, these lists were copied and continued in separate notebooks. The first of these reading notebooks (DAR 119…
Matches: 27 hits
- … Marcel de Serres Cavernes d’Ossements 7 th Ed. 10 8 vo . [Serres 1838] good to trace Europ. …
- … worth studying in a metaphys. point of view Henslow has list of plants of Mauritius with …
- … on wheat [Le Couteur 1836] Bechstein on Caged Birds. 10 s 6 d . translated by Rennie …
- … [Gaertner 1788–91] (Plates on all seeds) R. Soc Henslow says there is a grand book with …
- … Von. J. Metzger. Heidelberg 1841 [Metzger 1841] Read Henslow in Botanist 36 has written on …
- … Soc read Prichards. Nat: History of Man. Bailliere. 1.10 [Prichard 1843] must be studied . …
- … Des ). De leur Anatomie, Reproduction et Culture. 4to. Avec 10 planches. Amsterdam, 1768. 12 s . …
- … G. Browne 1799]— well skimmed 1839 Jan 10 All life of W. Scott [Lockhart 1837–8] …
- … Voyage of Kolff to the Molucca Sea [Kolff 1840] 10 th Surville-Marion [Crozet 1783]. …
- … 1839]. References at end. chiefly on instincts 10 th . Blackwalls Researches in Zoology …
- … 1839–40]. references at end.— Maer (June 10 to Nov. 14. 1840) Smellies Buffon 3 d …
- … ] 4. Vol. references at End Feb. 23 rd . Henslow Pamph. on Wheat [Henslow 1841]— fact about …
- … Hilaire: [I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1841] d[itt]o: 10 th Journal de Phys. [ Observations …
- … [Lyman 1781] [DAR 119: 10b] Dec. 10 th The Hour & Man. H. Martineau [H. …
- … Dog [C. H. Smith 1839–40] 2 d . vol. d[itt]o Nov. 10 th Sprengel. Endeckte Geheimniss. …
- … or Review in a Medical Journal which Hooker has & lent to Henslow Huxley [DAR *128: 178 …
- … Notes to Jardine & Jesses Selbourne [E. Jesse ed. 1849] George’s Copy Aug. St. Hilaire. …
- … L. Ossoy [Walpole 1848] 1 st vol. —— History George III [Walpole 1845]. 1. vol. —— …
- … May 28 th . Delineations of the Ox Tribe &c by George Vasey. 1851 [Vasey 1851]. May 28. …
- … Botanist , 5 vols. (1837–41), edited by John Stevens Henslow and B. Maund. 37 See …
- … 1841 . Oxford. 119: 13b Atkinson, Henry George and Martineau, Harriet. 1851. Letters …
- … etc. 2 vols. London. *119: 12v. Bennett, George. 1860. Gatherings of a naturalist in …
- … Edinburgh and London. [Other eds.] 128: 9 Bentham, George. 1826. Catalogue des plantes …
- … ou peu connues . Paris. *128: 159 Berkeley, George. 1784. The works of George Berkeley …
- … [Abstract in DAR 71: 150–1.] 128: 18 Borrow, George Henry. 1843. The Bible in Spain; or …
- … sketches of statesmen who flourished in the time of George III . 3 pts. London. 119: 21b …
- … conditions and causes. London. *128: 182 Henslow, John Stevens. 1837. The …
Darwin in letters,1866: Survival of the fittest
Summary
The year 1866 began well for Charles Darwin, as his health, after several years of illness, was now considerably improved. In February, Darwin received a request from his publisher, John Murray, for a new edition of Origin. Darwin got the fourth…
Matches: 9 hits
- … of coffee to two cups a day, since coffee, with the ‘10 drops of Muriatic acid twice a day (with …
- … the chemistry go on better’ ( letter from H. B. Jones, 10 February [1866] ). Darwin began …
- … years. Emma described the Royal Society event in a letter to George: ‘Your father … entered at the …
- … whom he had known previously only through correspondence. George Henslow, the son of his Cambridge …
- … you are in for it’ ( letter from H. E. Darwin, [ c . 10 May 1866] ). Henrietta’s letter …
- … to Down House is described in a letter from Henrietta to George: ‘when first he entered he was so …
- … know how to begin’ ( letter to Fritz Müller, [before 10 December 1866] ). The intrusion of …
- … other German states and Austria in June and July. Writing on 10 May from Württemberg, one of the …
- … the last day of the year, reporting the success of his son George, who had recently won a …
Darwin in letters, 1861: Gaining allies
Summary
The year 1861 marked an important change in the direction of Darwin’s work. He had weathered the storm that followed the publication of Origin, and felt cautiously optimistic about the ultimate acceptance of his ideas. The letters from this year provide an…
Matches: 4 hits
- … review published in the July issue of the Zoologist by George Maw, for example, singled out …
- … the imperfection of the geological record ( see letter to George Maw, 19 July [1861] ). The …
- … of the contrivances.–-’ ( letter of [28 July–10 August 1861] ). Later in the year, he went even …
- … would entail, however, providing William with a deposit of £10,000 as guarantee of probity, funds …
Darwin in letters, 1837–1843: The London years to 'natural selection'
Summary
The seven-year period following Darwin's return to England from the Beagle voyage was one of extraordinary activity and productivity in which he became recognised as a naturalist of outstanding ability, as an author and editor, and as a professional…
Matches: 11 hits
- … findings had been spread by the publication by J. S. Henslow and Adam Sedgwick of excerpts from his …
- … results of the Beagle voyage. With the help of J. S. Henslow, William Whewell, and other …
- … neglected. During the voyage Darwin had expected that J. S. Henslow would describe his botanical …
- … the other on the Keeling Island flora. Darwin’s letters to Henslow show a gradual realisation that …
- … knowledge of plant distribution and classification (see Henslow 1837a and 1838; W. J. Hooker and G. …
- … 1845, 1846, 1853–5, and 1860). In 1980, two notebooks in Henslow’s hand were discovered that contain …
- … The letters show that at least five of his friends—Lyell, Henslow, Jenyns, Waterhouse, and his …
- … mainly on literature in this field and on friends like Henslow, T. C. Eyton, and W. D. Fox, who were …
- … taxa as they were worked out at the time. As the late George Gaylord Simpson pointed out: ‘What …
- … interpretations of phenomena. Schweber (1977, pp. 304–10) sees a growing agnosticism in the …
- … sometimes months, at a time. In September 1837 he told Henslow that doctors had recommended that he …
Books on the Beagle
Summary
The Beagle was a sort of floating library. Find out what Darwin and his shipmates read here.
Matches: 10 hits
- … CD. According to Keith Thompson (1975), the cabin measured 10 feet by 11 feet. The books in …
- … they were on board is to be found in them § Anson, George. A voyage round the world, in the …
- … notebook , p. 86). Darwin Library–Down †. Byron, George Anson, 7th Baron. Voyage of H.M.S. …
- … round the world. London, 1697. ( Red notebook , pp. 8e, 10; ‘Beagle’ diary , p. 407). …
- … tracts’, Darwin Library–CUL †. Greenough, George Bellas. A critical examination of the …
- … of essays. London, 1819. (DAR 32.2: 77) Greenough, George Bellas. Anniversary address (1834 …
- … (Vols. 1 and 2, in one, 3d edition, inscribed from J. S. Henslow to CD ‘on his departure’, September …
- … 2d ed. London, n.d. [1802]. (Letter to Robert FitzRoy, [10 October 1831]). DAR 196.2 †. * …
- … 1773. (DAR 31.2: 362v.; 38.1: 887). Scrope, George Julius Poulett. Considerations on …
- … history and botany. London, 1822. Vancouver,George. A voyage of discovery to the North …
Women’s scientific participation
Summary
Observers | Fieldwork | Experimentation | Editors and critics | Assistants Darwin’s correspondence helps bring to light a community of women who participated, often actively and routinely, in the nineteenth-century scientific community. Here is a…
Matches: 9 hits
- … Anne Jane Cupples, wife of the Scottish scientist George Cupples, shares her observations on the …
- … Asa Gray about the observations of orchids made by his son, George. He details George’s findings and …
- … Letter 385 - Wedgwood, S. E. & J. to Darwin, [10 November 1837] Emma’s sister, …
- … to look for more samples. Letter 4928 - Henslow, G. to Darwin, [11 November 1865] …
- … Men: Letter 378 - Darwin to Henslow, J. S., [20 September 1837] Darwin …
- … the second edition of Descent to Darwin's son George. The work is tedious and Wallace …
- … editing the second edition of Descent to his son, George. Darwin warns George that it will …
- … Letter 347 - Darwin to Whewell, W., [10 March 1837] Darwin seeks to decline the …
- … editing the second edition of Descent to his son, George. Darwin warns George that it will …
Volume appendices
Summary
Here is a list of the appendices from the print volumes of the Correspondence of Charles Darwin with links to adapted online versions where they are available. Appendix I in each volume contains translations of letters in foreign languages and these can…
Darwin in letters, 1844–1846: Building a scientific network
Summary
The scientific results of the Beagle voyage still dominated Darwin's working life, but he broadened his continuing investigations into the nature and origin of species. Far from being a recluse, Darwin was at the heart of British scientific society,…
Matches: 6 hits
- … neglected either, as the correspondence with Charles Lyell, George Robert Waterhouse, John Stevens …
- … possible editors: at first he proposed any one of Lyell, Henslow, Edward Forbes, William Lonsdale, …
- … The names of Lonsdale, Forbes, and Owen were deleted, Henslow’s was queried, and J. D. Hooker’s was …
- … of experts such as palaeontologists Edward Forbes and George Brettingham Sowerby, and the German …
- … by Darwin, even though he had collected plants extensively. Henslow, who had undertaken to describe …
- … Geographical Distribution’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, [10 February 1845] ) and quick to make use of …
Darwin in letters, 1878: Movement and sleep
Summary
In 1878, Darwin devoted most of his attention to the movements of plants. He investigated the growth pattern of roots and shoots, studying the function of specific organs in this process. Working closely with his son Francis, Darwin devised a series of…
Matches: 5 hits
- … dear no”’. Darwin shared some of his observations with George John Romanes, who was engaged in his …
- … (letters from Carl Kraus, [31?] January 1878 and 10 February 1878 ). Darwin learned that his …
- … of evolutionary progress was raised by the portrait-painter George Arthur Gaskell, who suggested …
- … preferred to engage with critics through correspondence, George asked his father’s advice on …
- … Society of London by Samuel Haughton. ‘If I do write’, George worried, ‘I’m pretty sure to get in …
Origin
Summary
Darwin’s most famous work, Origin, had an inauspicious beginning. It grew out of his wish to establish priority for the species theory he had spent over twenty years researching. Darwin never intended to write Origin, and had resisted suggestions in 1856…
Matches: 4 hits
- … chapters was sufficient for Murray to confirm his offer on 10 April . But then there was a slip …
- … Quarterly Review, Whitwell Elwin, and that of his friend George Frederick Pollock. The former, in …
- … ‘Abstract on Origin of species’ had taken 13 months and 10 days ( Darwin's Journal ). The …
- … Reference: Haynes, E. S. P. 1916. Master George Pollak. Cornhill Magazine n.s. …
Darwin in letters, 1868: Studying sex
Summary
The quantity of Darwin’s correspondence increased dramatically in 1868 due largely to his ever-widening research on human evolution and sexual selection.Darwin’s theory of sexual selection as applied to human descent led him to investigate aspects of the…
Matches: 9 hits
- … in three parts in the Pall Mall Gazette , was by George Henry Lewes, well-known in London’s …
- … very fruitful. On 1 May , Darwin received a letter from George Cupples, who was encouraged to …
- … advice from the entomologist and librarian at Cambridge, George Robert Crotch, writing to his mother …
- … Darwin passed Wallace’s pages over to his son George, now a Cambridge-trained mathematician, who …
- … the expression of natives faces as I meet them,’ wrote George Henry Kendrick Thwaites on 1 April …
- … for fellowship of the Linnean Society ( letter from George Bentham, [after 29 September 1868] ). …
- … am not sure’, Darwin reflected in a letter dated [8–10 September 1868] , ‘whether it w d not …
- … walked with village girls at night ( letter to J. B. Innes, 10 December [1868] ). ‘The Church will …
- … now in life’. In January, the family learned the news that George’s performance on the mathematical …
Living and fossil cirripedia
Summary
Darwin published four volumes on barnacles, the crustacean sub-class Cirripedia, between 1851 and 1854, two on living species and two on fossil species. Written for a specialist audience, they are among the most challenging and least read of Darwin’s works…
