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Darwin in letters, 1879: Tracing roots
Summary
Darwin spent a considerable part of 1879 in the eighteenth century. His journey back in time started when he decided to publish a biographical account of his grandfather Erasmus Darwin to accompany a translation of an essay on Erasmus’s evolutionary ideas…
Matches: 4 hits
- … interesting to the public’ ( letter to Reginald Darwin, 10 April [1879] ). However, even members …
- … he disagreed with Henrietta, or that Krause had written on 10 July to say that he had derived …
- … & experiment’ ( letter from J. F. Moulton, 10 December 1879 ). In reply to Darwin’s response …
- … Leopold Würtenberger fared better. When he wrote on 10 January to ask whether Darwin could find him …
Darwin in letters, 1881: Old friends and new admirers
Summary
In May 1881, Darwin, one of the best-known celebrities in England if not the world, began writing about all the eminent men he had met. He embarked on this task, which formed an addition to his autobiography, because he had nothing else to do. He had…
Matches: 5 hits
- … within the family, Henrietta explained to Stephen on 10 January , hoping that he did not think …
- … investigate aggregation. He explained to Fritz Müller on 10 September why he had embarked on …
- … to the general stock of knowledge’ ( letter to E. W. Bok, 10 May 1881 ). Josef Popper, an expert …
- … to R. F. Cooke, 5 October 1881 ). The publication date was 10 October, but by 7 October Darwin …
- … of soil, while his brother James Geikie told Darwin on 10 October that no one would ‘any longer …
Darwin in letters, 1878: Movement and sleep
Summary
In 1878, Darwin devoted most of his attention to the movements of plants. He investigated the growth pattern of roots and shoots, studying the function of specific organs in this process. Working closely with his son Francis, Darwin devised a series of…
Matches: 1 hits
- … (letters from Carl Kraus, [31?] January 1878 and 10 February 1878 ). Darwin learned that his …
List of correspondents
Summary
Below is a list of Darwin's correspondents with the number of letters for each one. Click on a name to see the letters Darwin exchanged with that correspondent. "A child of God" (1) Abberley,…
Matches: 19 hits
- … (12) Agassiz, Louis (10) Agent for Mr Allen …
- … Arruda Furtado, Francisco d’ (10) Ashburner, Lionel (1) …
- … (1) Babbage, Charles (10) Babington, C. C. …
- … (1) Covington, Syms (10) Cowper-Temple, W. F. …
- … (9) Errera, L. A. (10) Erskine, H. N. B. …
- … (13) Forbes, Edward (10) Forbes, J. D. …
- … François de Chaumont, F. S. B. (10) Fraser, George (3) …
- … (1) Gosse, P. H. (10) Goubert, E. M. J. M. P. …
- … (1) Harcourt, E. W. V. (10) Hardwicke’s …
- … (1) Leighton, W. A. (10) Leng, H. H. …
- … (60) Litchfield, R. B. (10) Literary Fund …
- … (1) Miller, W. H. (10) Milne Home, David …
- … (7) Reeks, Henry (10) Reeks, Trenham …
- … (5) Reuter, Adolf (10) Reviewer (1) …
- … (1) Stanley, M. C. (10) Stanley, Thomas …
- … (14) Wedgwood, F. J. (10) Wedgwood, F. M. …
- … (72) Weismann, August (10) Weisz, Béla …
- … (4) Westwood, J. O. (10) Wetherell, N. T. …
- … (1) Wollaston, T. V. (10) Wolstenholme, Joseph …
Darwin in letters, 1876: In the midst of life
Summary
1876 was the year in which the Darwins became grandparents for the first time. And tragically lost their daughter-in-law, Amy, who died just days after her son's birth. All the letters from 1876 are now published in volume 24 of The Correspondence…
Matches: 5 hits
- … however, continued to be raised in various ways. On 10 January, Charles O’Shaughnessy , an Irish …
- … them to such extent?’ enthused Hermann Hoffmann on 10 January , while on 23 June, Auguste Forel …
- … of plant digestion further, had already reported on 10 January that he had confirmed the ‘more …
- … Caroline home, they had experienced a further calamity. On 10 May, William suffered serious …
- … mentioned his oldest daughter Annie, who died at the age of 10 in 1851, but William, who was 11 …
Cross and self fertilisation
Summary
The effects of cross and self fertilisation in the vegetable kingdom, published on 10 November 1876, was the result of a decade-long project to provide evidence for Darwin’s belief that ‘‘Nature thus tells us, in the most emphatic manner, that she abhors…
Matches: 6 hits
- … self fertilisation in the vegetable kingdom , published on 10 November 1876, was the result of a …
- … of the young plants is highly remarkable’ ( To Asa Gray, 10 September [1866] ). By early December, …
- … great measure my further working’ ( From Hermann Müller, 10 June 1873 ). Darwin, in turn, had …
- … had ‘begun to prepare for press observations continued for 10 years on the effects of crossing …
- … 12 November 1876 ). The book was published on 10 November 1876. Within days, Darwin received …
- … of rye and wheat that he had studied ( From A. W. Rimpau, 10 December 1877 ). By the end of …
Darwin in letters, 1865: Delays and disappointments
Summary
The year was marked by three deaths of personal significance to Darwin: Hugh Falconer, a friend and supporter; Robert FitzRoy, captain of the Beagle; and William Jackson Hooker, director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and father of Darwin’s friend…
Matches: 8 hits
- … given it up by early July ( see letter to J. D. Hooker, [10 July 1865] ). In July, he …
- … finished hearing it read aloud ( letter to Fritz Müller, 10 August [1865] ). Over the next few …
- … ( see letter from Fritz Müller, [12 and 31 August, and 10 October 1865] ; since it is impossible …
- … similarly coloured varieties (see Correspondence vol. 10, letter to John Scott, 19 November …
- … ‘industry & ability’ ( letter from J. D. Hooker, [10 March 1865] ). Scott took these …
- … of transmutation to humans (see Correspondence vol. 10, letter from J. H. Balfour, 14 January …
- … ( Correspondence vol. 11, letter from J. D. Hooker, 10 June 1863 ). However, probably …
- … Cresy, 7 September [1865] , and letter from Edward Cresy, 10 September 1865 ). Francis and …
Movement in Plants
Summary
The power of movement in plants, published on 7 November 1880, was the final large botanical work that Darwin wrote. It was the only work in which the assistance of one of his children, Francis Darwin, is mentioned on the title page. The research for this…
Matches: 4 hits
- … ( letter from W. E. Darwin, 10 February [1880] ). Francis became increasingly frustrated …
- … number of copies they should print ( letter to John Murray, 10 July 1880 ). Moreover, since he …
- … ). Cooke replied that although the actual cost would be £10, he advised, ‘you should make these …
- … he must not know that I have let the Frenchman have them for 10£ ’. With the November …
Darwin in letters, 1872: Job done?
Summary
'My career’, Darwin wrote towards the end of 1872, 'is so nearly closed. . . What little more I can do, shall be chiefly new work’, and the tenor of his correspondence throughout the year is one of wistful reminiscence, coupled with a keen eye…
Darwin's in letters, 1873: Animal or vegetable?
Summary
Having laboured for nearly five years on human evolution, sexual selection, and the expression of emotions, Darwin was able to devote 1873 almost exclusively to his beloved plants. He resumed work on the digestive powers of sundews and Venus fly traps, and…
Matches: 1 hits
- … with natural selection” ( letter from M. D. Conway, 10 September [1873] ). In the village …
Darwin in letters, 1875: Pulling strings
Summary
‘I am getting sick of insectivorous plants’, Darwin confessed in January 1875. He had worked on the subject intermittently since 1859, and had been steadily engaged on a book manuscript for nine months; January also saw the conclusion of a bitter dispute…
Darwin’s queries on expression
Summary
When Darwin resumed systematic research on emotions around 1866, he began to collect observations more widely and composed a list of queries on human expression. A number of handwritten copies were sent out in 1867 (see, for example, letter to Fritz Muller…
Darwin in letters, 1877: Flowers and honours
Summary
Ever since the publication of Expression, Darwin’s research had centred firmly on botany. The year 1877 was no exception. The spring and early summer were spent completing Forms of flowers, his fifth book on a botanical topic. He then turned to the…
Matches: 3 hits
- … of medical monstrosity ( letter from C. T. E. Siebold, 10 October 1877 ). An American banker, …
- … many cases purely physical’ ( letter from W. M. Moorsom, 10 September 1877 ). Darwin was doubtful …
- … cash, I hope that will allow me to send you a cheque for £10’ ( letter to [Francis Lloyd], 1 May …
Darwin in letters,1870: Human evolution
Summary
The year 1870 is aptly summarised by the brief entry Darwin made in his journal: ‘The whole of the year at work on the Descent of Man & Selection in relation to Sex’. Descent was the culmination of over three decades of observations and reflections on…
Matches: 1 hits
- … November [1868] ; this volume, letter to Thomas Woolner, 10 March [1870] ). Darwin included …
Darwin in letters, 1880: Sensitivity and worms
Summary
‘My heart & soul care for worms & nothing else in this world,’ Darwin wrote to his old Shrewsbury friend Henry Johnson on 14 November 1880. Darwin became fully devoted to earthworms in the spring of the year, just after finishing the manuscript of…
Matches: 3 hits
Darwin in letters, 1863: Quarrels at home, honours abroad
Summary
At the start of 1863, Charles Darwin was actively working on the manuscript of The variation of animals and plants under domestication, anticipating with excitement the construction of a hothouse to accommodate his increasingly varied botanical experiments…
Matches: 6 hits
- … (see Correspondence vol. 8, letter to Charles Lyell, 10 January [1860] ). In the same letter …
- … had been published in 1862 (see Correspondence vol. 10). He sent a copy to Asa Gray to review in …
- … of species, when crossed’ ( letter to T. H. Huxley, 10 [January 1863] ). He reminded Huxley again …
- … Verbascum and Zea (see Correspondence vol. 10, Appendix VI). However, when Evidence as …
- … other acquired differences’ (see Correspondence vol. 10, Appendix VI). In addition to crossing …
- … orchid genus Acropera (see Correspondence vol. 10). Their 1863 letters reveal Darwin’s …
Darwin’s reading notebooks
Summary
In April 1838, Darwin began recording the titles of books he had read and the books he wished to read in Notebook C (Notebooks, pp. 319–28). In 1839, these lists were copied and continued in separate notebooks. The first of these reading notebooks (DAR 119…
Matches: 31 hits
- … Marcel de Serres Cavernes d’Ossements 7 th Ed. 10 8 vo . [Serres 1838] good to trace Europ. …
- … on wheat [Le Couteur 1836] Bechstein on Caged Birds. 10 s 6 d . translated by Rennie …
- … Soc read Prichards. Nat: History of Man. Bailliere. 1.10 [Prichard 1843] must be studied . …
- … Des ). De leur Anatomie, Reproduction et Culture. 4to. Avec 10 planches. Amsterdam, 1768. 12 s . …
- … G. Browne 1799]— well skimmed 1839 Jan 10 All life of W. Scott [Lockhart 1837–8] …
- … Voyage of Kolff to the Molucca Sea [Kolff 1840] 10 th Surville-Marion [Crozet 1783]. …
- … 1839]. References at end. chiefly on instincts 10 th . Blackwalls Researches in Zoology …
- … 1839–40]. references at end.— Maer (June 10 to Nov. 14. 1840) Smellies Buffon 3 d …
- … Hilaire: [I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1841] d[itt]o: 10 th Journal de Phys. [ Observations …
- … [Lyman 1781] [DAR 119: 10b] Dec. 10 th The Hour & Man. H. Martineau [H. …
- … Dog [C. H. Smith 1839–40] 2 d . vol. d[itt]o Nov. 10 th Sprengel. Endeckte Geheimniss. …
- … Nat. Lib. vol 14 [Waterhouse 1841] Marked—— 10 th Veterinary [ Veterinarian ] 1828 Vol 1 …
- … & Mary. & Anne [Smollett 1805].— 1842 Jan 10 M rs Hamilton Grays Etruria [E …
- … Royle Prod. Resources of India [Royle 1840] abst June 10 th Miller’s old Red Sandstone [H. …
- … Clarendons History [Hyde 1704]. 1843 Jan 10. Last Vol of Clarendons History [Hyde …
- … 26 Hinds Regions of Vegetation [Hinds 1843]. June 10 th . Linnæan Trans. [ Transactions of …
- … 3. vols. [Bradley 1724] (nothing) scarcely —— 10 Johnson’s Field Sports of India [D. Johnson …
- … or Geograph. Distrib:” [Gérard 1844–5] Dec. 10 Ray. Society. Vol I. Reports [Ray Society 1845 …
- … French in Algiers [Lamping 1845] 1846 Jan 10 th Mackintosh life of More …
- … St. Lecons de Morph. Bot. [Saint-Hilaire 1841] April 10 Wagners Anatomy by Tulk [Wagner 1845] …
- … of Ægyptians [J. G. Wilkinson 1837–41].— April 10 3 d vol of d[itt]o W. Scotts Life …
- … May 5. Ray’s Memorials of [Ray 1846] —— 10 th The Falcon Family [Savage] 1845] 27 …
- … Misc. Works. 3 vols: [Mackintosh 1846] Aug 10. Appendix to Carlyle’s Cromwell [Carlyle 1845]. …
- … Travels in Brazil [Gardner 1846]. —— 10 th D r . Joseph Adams. Philosoph. Treatise on …
- … Miller First Impressions of England [H. Miller 1847]. Nov. 10 Prichard Physical Researches. Hist. of …
- … et d'Histoire Naturelle de Genève ]. Tom I to 10. —— Annales du Museum [ Annales …
- … W. Tone Autobiography [Tone 1826] very amusing March 10 John Galt Autobiography [Galt 1833] …
- … Chancellors [J. Campbell 1845–7] —— 10 Neander’s Life of St Bernard [Neander 1843] …
- … Miller Footsteps of the Creator [H. Miller 1849] Dec. 10. Dana’s Geology. U.S. Expedition [J. …
- … to 1837. & thence I have read in Journals June 10 th Goulds Birds of Australia [Gould …
- … . Feb. 1. Emigrants Manual [Burton 1851] March 10 th Hind’s Solar System [Hind 1852 …
Women’s scientific participation
Summary
Observers | Fieldwork | Experimentation | Editors and critics | Assistants Darwin’s correspondence helps bring to light a community of women who participated, often actively and routinely, in the nineteenth-century scientific community. Here is a…
Darwin in letters, 1874: A turbulent year
Summary
The year 1874 was one of consolidation, reflection, and turmoil for Darwin. He spent the early months working on second editions of Coral reefs and Descent of man; the rest of the year was mostly devoted to further research on insectivorous plants. A…
Matches: 4 hits
- … an insignificant figure, as a cube of cartilage of 1 / 10 inch is almost beyond their …
- … 1874 ). Darwin immediately sent a donation of £100, and £10 each from his sons George and Francis ( …
- … and sent a copy to Darwin ( letter from G. J. Romanes, 10 July 1874 ). After a second letter from …
- … the Beagle) in December ( letter from C.-F. Reinwald , 10 December 1874 ). Samuel Jean Pozzi and …
Darwin in letters, 1882: Nothing too great or too small
Summary
In 1882, Darwin reached his 74th year Earthworms had been published the previous October, and for the first time in decades he was not working on another book. He remained active in botanical research, however. Building on his recent studies in plant…
Matches: 5 hits
- … & experimentising on them’ ( letter to J. E. Todd, 10 April 1882 ). While enthusiasm drove him …
- … ‘ slight attack’ (Darwin pocket diary, 1882, 6, 7, 10 April 1882). Some days he was able to walk …
- … 20 years, & it is a consolation to me to think that the last 10 or 12 years were the happiest …
- … in tenderness’ (letter from Emma Darwin to W. E. Darwin, 10 May 1882 (DAR 219.1: 150)). …
- … I am able to work’ ( letter to A. R. Wallace, [ c . 10 April 1864] ). To the physician Henry …
