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Darwin in letters, 1874: A turbulent year
Summary
The year 1874 was one of consolidation, reflection, and turmoil for Darwin. He spent the early months working on second editions of Coral reefs and Descent of man; the rest of the year was mostly devoted to further research on insectivorous plants. A…
Matches: 20 hits
- … The year 1874 was one of consolidation, reflection, and turmoil for Darwin. He spent the …
- … intervals’ ( letter to D. T. Gardner, [ c . 27 August 1874] ). The death of a Cambridge friend, …
- … and collecting beetles ( letter from W. D. Fox, 8 May [1874] ). Such reminiscences led Darwin to …
- … much more than forwards’ ( letter to W. D. Fox, 11 May [1874] ). I feel very old & …
- … old & helpless’ ( letter to B. J. Sulivan, 6 January [1874] ). Darwin mentioned his poor …
- … on the matter ( letter from Ernst Haeckel, 26 October 1874 ). Séances, psychics, and …
- … Joseph Dalton Hooker ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 18 January [1874] ). Later in the month, …
- … and an imposter’ ( letter from T. H. Huxley, 27 January 1874 ). Darwin agreed that it was ‘all …
- … perform his antics’ ( letter to T. H. Huxley, 29 January [1874] ). This did not stop word getting …
- … at his home ( letter from T. G. Appleton, 2 April 1874 ). Back over old ground New …
- … Charles Lyell ( letter to Smith, Elder & Co., 8 January 1874 , letter to J. D. Hooker, 8 …
- … of correction’ ( letter to H. E. Litchfield, 21 [March 1874] ). The book came out in June with the …
- … Darwin on this point ( letter from J. D. Dana, 21 July 1874 ); however, he did not retract his …
- … dog breeders (letters from George Cupples, 21 February 1874 and 12 March 1874 ); the material …
- … ). the man-eating tree of Madagascar Asa Gray publicised Darwin’s work on …
- … it was a hoax till I came to the woman’ ( letter to Asa Gray, 3 June [1874] ). Response to …
- … F. S. B. François de Chaumont, 29 April 1874 ). Asa Gray forwarded a letter from the …
- … seen in bank with enormous tips to his ears ( letter from Asa Gray, 12 May 1874 ). The …
- … letter to J. N. Lockyer, 13 May [1874] ), and he wrote to Asa Gray, who provided the essay on him: …
- … bit insane, as we all are occasionally’ ( letter to Asa Gray, 5 June [1874] ). The …
Dramatisation script
Summary
Re: Design – Adaptation of the Correspondence of Charles Darwin, Asa Gray and others… by Craig Baxter – as performed 25 March 2007
Matches: 18 hits
- … – Adaptation of the Correspondence of Charles Darwin, Asa Gray and others… by Craig Baxter – as …
- … quotes from the correspondence or published writings of Asa Gray, Charles Darwin, Joseph Dalton …
- … read the words of the following: Actor 1 – Asa Gray Actor 2 – Charles Darwin …
- … day archivist, this actor uses the words of Jane Loring Gray, Joseph Dalton Hooker, Hugh Falconer, …
- … in which the play unfolds and acting as a go-between between Gray and Darwin, and between the …
- … are described by his widow Jane the final days of Professor Asa Gray, Harvard Botanist. A series of …
- … of the Life of Darwin. At this time in his life, Asa Gray is in his late 70s. JANE …
- … threatening of a cold, but he pronounced himself… GRAY: Perfectly comfortable. …
- … however, passed away, and he wrote that evening. GRAY: 2 [Since atheistic …
- … secret and potentially incendiary ideas. A younger Asa Gray (now in his mid 40s) arrives in …
- … you might reasonably expect… Yours most sincerely Asa Gray. DARWIN: 16 My dear …
- … 25 I send enclosed [a letter for you from Asa Gray], received this morning. I send my own, also, …
- … instructive to me. 42 Ever most cordially yours, Asa Gray Darwin, after a short …
- … run prevail. CERTAIN BENEFICIAL LINES: 1860 Asa Gray presents his argument of Creation …
- … see not. 121 Your cordial friend and true Yankee, Asa Gray. Hooker’s body language …
- … long to see the Yankees well drubbed by us. Do you hear from Asa Gray now? Gray senses a …
- … to Hooker with a cringe. DARWIN: 126 Asa Gray is evidently sore about England …
- … A GRAY 3 AUGUST 1871 201 TO A GRAY 3 JUNE [1874] 202 FROM A GRAY 16 …
Cross and self fertilisation
Summary
The effects of cross and self fertilisation in the vegetable kingdom, published on 10 November 1876, was the result of a decade-long project to provide evidence for Darwin’s belief that ‘‘Nature thus tells us, in the most emphatic manner, that she abhors…
Matches: 16 hits
- … September 1866, Darwin announced to the American botanist Asa Gray, ‘I have just begun a large …
- … the growth of the young plants is highly remarkable’ ( To Asa Gray, 10 September [1866] ). By …
- … 17 March [1867] ). He noted another factor in a letter to Gray, remarking, ‘I am going on with my …
- … visited by insects & so have been rarely crossed’ ( To Asa Gray, 15 April [1867] ). One of …
- … on cross and self-fertilised plants, as he explained to Gray, ‘I worked last summer hard at Drosera, …
- … the dogs till I finish with this & get it published’ ( To Asa Gray, 11 March [1873] ). …
- … ( To Fritz Müller, 25 September 1873 ). But by March 1874, some doubts seemed to have arisen when …
- … with new & related matter. ( To J. V. Carus, 19 March [1874] ). A year later, Darwin still …
- … a new set of experiments for the summer, as he informed Gray when asking for seeds of Nesaea …
- … of Lythrum; for the fact seems to me all important.’ ( To Asa Gray, 30 May [1875] ). In earlier …
- … By August 1876, the book had gone to press and Darwin told Gray, ‘This will complete all that I …
- … Comes ( From Hermann Müller, 4 October 1876 ). Gray was impatient for a copy and asked for …
- … your judgment than for that of almost anyone else’ ( To Asa Gray, 28 October 1876 ). Gray …
- … written of, as being as faultless as your temper’ ( From Asa Gray, 12 November 1876 ). The …
- … 27 January 1877 ). Darwin was especially pleased with Gray’s review, and told him, ‘Your abstract …
- … given everything,—you have quite eviscerated it’ ( To Asa Gray, 18 February [1877] ). By mid-March …
Essay: Evolution & theology
Summary
—by Asa Gray EVOLUTION AND THEOLOGY The Nation, January 15, 1874 The attitude of theologians toward doctrines of evolution, from the nebular hypothesis down to ‘Darwinism,’ is no less worthy of consideration, and hardly less diverse, than that of…
Essay: What is Darwinism?
Summary
—by Asa Gray WHAT IS DARWINISM? The Nation, May 28, 1874 The question which Dr. Hodge asks he promptly and decisively answers: ‘What is Darwinism? it is atheism.’ Leaving aside all subsidiary and incidental matters, let us consider–1. What the…
Darwin in letters, 1876: In the midst of life
Summary
1876 was the year in which the Darwins became grandparents for the first time. And tragically lost their daughter-in-law, Amy, who died just days after her son's birth. All the letters from 1876 are now published in volume 24 of The Correspondence…
Matches: 11 hits
- … … poor creature, has won only 2490 games’ ( letter to Asa Gray, 28 January 1876 ). Francis Darwin, …
- … of work’ left in him for ‘new matter’ (letter to Asa Gray, 28 January 1876). The preparation of the …
- … evidence for the ‘advantages of crossing’ (letter to Asa Gray, 28 January 1876). Revising Orchids …
- … Mivart made a slanderous attack on George Darwin in late 1874 in an anonymous article, which …
- … and sympathised with his close friends Joseph Hooker and Asa Gray, whose situations often …
- … you suffer largely in the same way’, Darwin wrote to Gray on 28 January . On 14 November, Hooker …
- … my horrid bad style into intelligible English’, he told Asa Gray on 28 October . …
- … are not readable, & the 6 last very dull’, he warned Asa Gray on 28 October , when sending …
- … lively reading for one so poor at figures as I am’, Gray conceded on 12 November , although he …
- … compare size of pollen grains & state of stigma’, he told Gray on 4 December. Darwin also …
- … than the more widely used ‘heterostyle’ ( letter to Asa Gray, 20 December 1876 ). Darwin …
Women’s scientific participation
Summary
Observers | Fieldwork | Experimentation | Editors and critics | Assistants Darwin’s correspondence helps bring to light a community of women who participated, often actively and routinely, in the nineteenth-century scientific community. Here is a…
Matches: 5 hits
- … 9426 - Story-Maskelyne , T. M. to Darwin, [23 April 1874] Thereza Story-Maskelyne …
- … Letter 9616 - Marshall, T. to Darwin, [September 1874] Theodosia Marshall sends …
- … 9606 - Harrison, L. C. to Darwin, [22 August 1874] Darwin’s niece, Lucy, sends a …
- … Letter 9616 - Marshall, T. to Darwin, [September 1874] Theodosia Marshall details …
- … Letter 9485 - Treat, M. to Darwin, [8 June 1874] Mary Treat details her experiments …
Clémence Auguste Royer
Summary
Getting Origin translated into French was harder than Darwin had expected. The first translator he approached, Madame Belloc, turned him down on the grounds that the content was ‘too scientific‘, and then in 1860 the French political exile Pierre…
Darwin in letters, 1872: Job done?
Summary
'My career’, Darwin wrote towards the end of 1872, 'is so nearly closed. . . What little more I can do, shall be chiefly new work’, and the tenor of his correspondence throughout the year is one of wistful reminiscence, coupled with a keen eye…
Matches: 4 hits
- … old subject which formerly interested me,’ Darwin wrote to Asa Gray at the beginning of the year; & …
- … Ruck, the sister of an old schoolfriend; he married Amy in 1874. Francis, still a medical student …
- … have worked out and published about Drosera & Dionæa’, Gray had replied on hearing of the …
- … the 'nervous system(!?)’ of Drosera ( letter to Asa Gray, 22 October 1872 ). By early …
4.16 Joseph Simms, physiognomy
Summary
< Back to Introduction In September 1874, the American doctor Joseph Simms, then on a three-year lecture tour of Britain, sent Darwin a copy of his book, Nature’s Revelations of Character; Or, Physiognomy Illustrated. He was seeking a public…
Movement in Plants
Summary
The power of movement in plants, published on 7 November 1880, was the final large botanical work that Darwin wrote. It was the only work in which the assistance of one of his children, Francis Darwin, is mentioned on the title page. The research for this…
Matches: 9 hits
- … between 45 o & 90 o to the horizon ’. By May 1874, Thiselton-Dyer had observed some …
- … by German physiologists. He told his American friend Asa Gray, ‘ My son Frank & I have been …
- … latter from their complexity have almost driven us mad ’. Gray replied, ‘ Do work at …
- … bore’ In late October 1879, Darwin told Gray, ‘ I have written a rather big book,—more …
- … Having received seeds of two unusual American gourds from Gray, Darwin repeated his request for …
- … , but his observations were at odds with those of Gray, who had written an article on the subject in …
- … now the radicle takes up the game & grows very quickly ’. Gray suggested Darwin’s plants might …
- … occurred, the plant would be killed by frost ( letter from Asa Gray, 4 April 1880 ). Darwin agreed …
- … would soon receive copies. He must have been gratified when Gray had written in September to tell …
Darwin’s Photographic Portraits
Summary
Darwin was a photography enthusiast. This is evident not only in his use of photography for the study of Expression and Emotions in Man and Animal, but can be witnessed in his many photographic portraits and in the extensive portrait correspondence that…
Matches: 6 hits
- … photograph to a close ally, such as the Harvard botanist Asa Gray , or when he was given a …
- … later, would take his camera across the globe to observe the 1874 transit of Venus. Tommy, …
- … Perfilieff , a member of the Tolstoy family in March of 1874, Darwin included the line “I have the …
- … newly-produced carte . Image: Charles Darwin, 1874, Elliot and Fry, Dar 257:11, …
- … ©Cambridge University Library Between 1874 and 1878 Darwin was very busy – too busy, …
- … Darwin’s Pictures: Views of Evolutionary Theory, 1837-1874 . New Haven, USA: Yale University Press, …
Women as a scientific audience
Summary
Target audience? | Female readership | Reading Variation Darwin's letters, in particular those exchanged with his editors and publisher, reveal a lot about his intended audience. Regardless of whether or not women were deliberately targeted as a…
Matches: 1 hits
- … 9633 - Nevill, D. F. to Darwin, [11 September 1874] Dorothy Nevill tells Darwin …
Insectivorous plants
Summary
Darwin’s work on insectivorous plants began by accident. While on holiday in the summer of 1860, staying with his wife’s relatives in Hartfield, Sussex, he went for long walks on the heathland and became curious about the large number of insects caught by…
Matches: 5 hits
- … daughter was recuperating and wrote to the American botanist Asa Gray: ‘ I have been infinitely …
- … on insectivorous plants for 10 years. Early in 1872, Asa Gray reminded Darwin ‘ pray don’t …
- … Kew . After 4 or 5 weeks hard work, he reported back to Gray that he had been tracing the ‘nerves’ …
- … substance . After many careful experiments, in May 1874 Darwin proudly reported to his cousin …
- … study of Drosera and Dionaea and in the summer of 1874 they compared the digestive power of …
Before Origin: the ‘big book’
Summary
Darwin began ‘sorting notes for Species Theory’ on 9 September 1854, the very day he concluded his eight-year study of barnacles (Darwin's Journal). He had long considered the question of species. In 1842, he outlined a theory of transmutation in a…
Matches: 5 hits
- … years (!) ago’, he wrote to the American botanist Asa Gray in July 1857, it occurred to me …
- … views on species to a select group of fellow naturalists. Gray’s response was everything Darwin must …
- … ‘many misgivings about the definiteness of species’, Gray expressed his interest in Darwin’s work …
- … so favourable. His old friend Hugh Falconer, he confessed to Gray, ‘attacked me most vigorously, but …
- … in me, when I ask you not to mention my doctrine’, he told Gray, ‘ the reason is, if anyone, like …
Darwin’s reading notebooks
Summary
In April 1838, Darwin began recording the titles of books he had read and the books he wished to read in Notebook C (Notebooks, pp. 319–28). In 1839, these lists were copied and continued in separate notebooks. The first of these reading notebooks (DAR 119…
Matches: 11 hits
- … of the Caledonian Horticultural Society ]: Asa Gray & Torrey have published Botany of …
- … Gleanings in Nat. Hist in Knowsly. L d . Derby [J. E. Gray 1846–50] ( Royal. Soc ) many facts on …
- … 1719] Bub. Dodington Mem. [Bubb 1784] Skimmed Gray’s Poems. life, & letters [T. …
- … 1842 Jan 10 M rs Hamilton Grays Etruria [E. C. Gray 1840], skimmed —— 31 st . …
- … 1855–7] Brit. Mus. Catalogue. Ungulates Grey [J. E. Gray 1843–52]. Much on Horses & …
- … design . (Bridgewater Treatise no. 4.) London. [9th ed. (1874) in Darwin Library.] 119: 5a …
- … collection of the British Museum. Edited by J. E. Gray. 2 pts. London. [Darwin Library. …
- … French by Mr. Boyer. London. [Other eds.] 119: 22b Gray, Elizabeth Caroline. 1840. Tour …
- … [Abstract in DAR 205.3: 165.] *119: 21v. Gray, Thomas. 1775. The poems of Mr. Gray. To …
- … Museum . Pt I: Apidæ—Bees . Edited by John Edward Gray. London. [Darwin Library.] 128: 18 …
- … 3 vols. London. 119: 21b Torrey, John and Gray, Asa. 1838–43. A flora of North …
Descent
Summary
There are more than five hundred letters associated with the research and writing of Darwin’s book, Descent of man and selection in relation to sex (Descent). They trace not only the tortuous route to eventual publication, but the development of Darwin’s…
Darwin in letters, 1878: Movement and sleep
Summary
In 1878, Darwin devoted most of his attention to the movements of plants. He investigated the growth pattern of roots and shoots, studying the function of specific organs in this process. Working closely with his son Francis, Darwin devised a series of…
