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Darwin in letters, 1862: A multiplicity of experiments
Summary
1862 was a particularly productive year for Darwin. This was not only the case in his published output (two botanical papers and a book on the pollination mechanisms of orchids), but more particularly in the extent and breadth of the botanical experiments…
Matches: 10 hits
- … Hooker: ‘he is no common man’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 12 [December 1862] ). Two sexual …
- … of the year, he wrote to Hooker ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 12 [December 1862] ): ‘my notions on …
- … to make out this wonderfully complex case—’ ( letter to Daniel Oliver, 29 [July 1862] ). The three …
- … the structure of almost every flower’ ( letter to Daniel Oliver, 8 June [1862] ). I …
- … to wait. ‘It is a very extraordinary book!’, wrote Daniel Oliver on 14 May, and George Bentham …
- … passed so miserable a nine months’ ( letter to W. D. Fox, 12 September [1862] ). A family …
- … a new era in the science’ (A. Gray 1862b, p. 429). Oliver joined in the chorus, telling him: ‘Your …
- … & most promising direction to our studies’ ( letter from Daniel Oliver, 14 May 1862 ). Darwin …
- … ‘Botany is a new subject to me’ ( letter to John Scott, 12 November [1862] ), but, impressed by …
- … into Tyndall’s ears’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 10–12 November [1862] ). Another of Darwin’s …
Insectivorous Plants
Summary
Sources|Discussion Questions|Experiment Plants that consume insects Darwin began his work with insectivorous plants in the mid 1860s, though his findings would not be published until 1875. In his autobiography Darwin reflected on the delay that…
Darwin in letters, 1864: Failing health
Summary
On receiving a photograph from Charles Darwin, the American botanist Asa Gray wrote on 11 July 1864: ‘the venerable beard gives the look of your having suffered, and … of having grown older’. Because of poor health, Because of poor health, Darwin…
Matches: 7 hits
- … himself as ‘a broken-down brother-naturalist’, sent to Daniel Oliver, keeper of the herbarium at the …
- … to J. D. Hooker, 2 June [1864] ). When Darwin asked Oliver whether the tendrils of …
- … than modified branches or leaves as most botanists thought, Oliver initially expressed reservations. …
- … routinists regard in the light of axioms’ ( letter from Daniel Oliver, [17 March 1864] ). Though …
- … in 1864 he drew up the results (see Correspondence vol. 12, Appendix III). Darwin sought to show …
- … the award going to Darwin (see Correspondence vol. 12 Appendix IV). With the help of supporters …
- … details of the ensuing debate (see Correspondence vol. 12, Appendix IV) demonstrate how Darwin’s …
List of correspondents
Summary
Below is a list of Darwin's correspondents with the number of letters for each one. Click on a name to see the letters Darwin exchanged with that correspondent. "A child of God" (1) Abberley,…
Matches: 19 hits
- … (1) Agassiz, Alexander (12) Agassiz, Louis …
- … (1) Berkeley, M. J. (12) Berlin (1) …
- … (1) Gaudry, Albert (12) Geach, F. F. …
- … (3) Geikie, Archibald (12) Geikie, James …
- … (1) Grove, W. R. (12) Groves, Henry …
- … P. A. C. (2) Hanbury, Daniel (1) …
- … (3) Hooker, F. H. (12) Hooker, Hyacinth …
- … (2) Judd, J. W. (12) Jukes, J. B. (9 …
- … (2) Koch, Eduard (12) Koch, Heinrich …
- … (3) Layton, Charles (12) Le Couteur, John …
- … J. F. (1) Mackintosh, Daniel (12) …
- … Maynard, C. J. (1) McAlpine, Daniel (1) …
- … (1) McLennan, J. F. (12) McNeill, Archibald …
- … (1) Meehan, Thomas (12) Meitzen, August …
- … Oldfield, H. A. (1) Oliver, Daniel (131) …
- … (9) Rolle, Friedrich (12) Rolleston, George …
- … E. A. S. (1) Sharpe, Daniel (8) …
- … (1) Whitley, C. T. (12) Whitney, W. D. …
- … (2) Zacharias, Otto (12) Zeuschner, E. L. …
Floral Dimorphism
Summary
Sources|Discussion Questions|Experiment Floral studies In 1877 Darwin published a book that included a series of smaller studies on botanical subjects. Titled The different forms of flowers on plants of the same species, it consisted primarily of…
Climbing plants
Summary
Darwin’s book Climbing plants was published in 1865, but its gestation began much earlier. The start of Darwin’s work on the topic lay in his need, owing to severe bouts of illness in himself and his family, for diversions away from his much harder book on…
Matches: 10 hits
- … find nothing in any book which I have: neither Hooker nor Oliver knew anything of these movements ’ …
- … was incredulous. ‘As to tendrils, What are Hooker & Oliver (the latter a Professor too) …
- … climbers, this does not distress my weakened Brain— Ask Oliver to look over enclosed queries (& …
- … me if botanists wd let all tendrils be modified leaves’. Daniel Oliver, for example, insisted, …
- … dissecting and drawing. Darwin sent William’s drawing to Oliver, commenting, ‘ Does not this render …
- … between foliar and axial parts, which, however, Oliver admitted, sometimes ‘ shades off and is lost …
- … distinction. They are both axial.’ Only days later, Oliver apologised for the tone of his previous …
- … to find that I have a good deal of new matter ’. He told Oliver that Mohl, despite his book being …
- … Linn. Soc. will like expence of so large a paper with 12 woodcuts; for if too expensive for Linn. …
- … movements and habits of climbing plants’ was published on 12 June 1865 in a double issue of the …
Darwin in letters, 1865: Delays and disappointments
Summary
The year was marked by three deaths of personal significance to Darwin: Hugh Falconer, a friend and supporter; Robert FitzRoy, captain of the Beagle; and William Jackson Hooker, director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and father of Darwin’s friend…
Matches: 8 hits
- … to accept the award in person (see Correspondence vol. 12). In early January Falconer had …
- … in or before November 1864 ( Correspondence vol. 12, letter to Ernst Haeckel, 21 November [1864 …
- … in Müller’s name ( see letter from Fritz Müller, [12 and 31 August, and 10 October 1865] ; since …
- … letters to the Linnean Society, Darwin enlisted the help of Daniel Oliver, a botanist at Kew, to …
- … to find employment in India (see Correspondence vol. 12), sent Darwin the results of his experiments …
- … to Darwin may be gathered from Darwin’s letter to him of 12 July [1865] . Huxley had evidently …
- … who also caught it, rapidly succumbed to it and died on 12 August. Hooker himself contracted …
- … collection of letters written by Darwin when he was 12 years old. Over half of the letters in the …
Darwin in letters, 1863: Quarrels at home, honours abroad
Summary
At the start of 1863, Charles Darwin was actively working on the manuscript of The variation of animals and plants under domestication, anticipating with excitement the construction of a hothouse to accommodate his increasingly varied botanical experiments…
Matches: 8 hits
- … he had ‘gained nothing’ ( letter to Charles Lyell, 12–13 March [1863] ). poor miserable …
- … Natural History Review ( see letter to H. W. Bates, 12 January [1863] ). Darwin added Bates’s …
- … Society ( see letter from Edward Sabine to John Phillips, 12 November 1863 ). Characteristically, …
- … leaves, asking the professional botanists Gray, Hooker, and Daniel Oliver for references on …
- … the family, to explaining the phenomenon ( see letter from Daniel Oliver, 17 February 1863 , …
- … also encouraged him to write ( see letter to John Scott, 12 April [1863] ). In this paper, Scott …
- … to capture his attention ( see letter to John Scott, 12 April [1863] ). Additionally, Darwin …
- … Huxley, 25 February 1863 , and letter to Charles Lyell, 12–13 March [1863] ). Emma was a …
Darwin in letters, 1860: Answering critics
Summary
On 7 January 1860, John Murray published the second edition of Darwin’s Origin of species, printing off another 3000 copies to satisfy the demands of an audience that surprised both the publisher and the author. It wasn't long, however, before ‘the…
Matches: 5 hits
- … only of Hooker but also of a newly appointed Kew botanist, Daniel Oliver; his old friend and …
- … further supporting evidence ( letter to Edward Cresy, 12 December [1860] ). This work was not …
- … selection. As the letters between Darwin, Hooker, and Oliver indicate, the novelty of this approach …
- … observing is than writing.—’ ( letter to Charles Lyell, 12 September [1860] ). Despite the fact …
- … (letters to Charles Lyell, 24 November [1860] , and to Daniel Oliver, 20 October [1860] ). …
Insectivorous plants
Summary
Darwin’s work on insectivorous plants began by accident. While on holiday in the summer of 1860, staying with his wife’s relatives in Hartfield, Sussex, he went for long walks on the heathland and became curious about the large number of insects caught by…
Matches: 0 hits
Darwin’s Photographic Portraits
Summary
Darwin was a photography enthusiast. This is evident not only in his use of photography for the study of Expression and Emotions in Man and Animal, but can be witnessed in his many photographic portraits and in the extensive portrait correspondence that…
Darwin’s reading notebooks
Summary
In April 1838, Darwin began recording the titles of books he had read and the books he wished to read in Notebook C (Notebooks, pp. 319–28). In 1839, these lists were copied and continued in separate notebooks. The first of these reading notebooks (DAR 119…
Matches: 29 hits
- … read There appears to be good art. on Entozore 12 by Owen in Encyclop. of Anat. & …
- … all Vols. Marshall’s Rural Economy of Yorkshire, 12 s [Marshall 1788]—— often quoted by …
- … Palaces. Fourth Edition with Woodcuts. 2 vols. fcap. 8vo., 12 s . 30 [Jesse 1838] …
- … Dispatches [Wellesley 1834–9] Carlyles Oliver Cromwell [Carlyle 1845] (read) Keppells( …
- … Animals (Deer, Antelopes, &c.) [Jardine 1835–6] 12. Ruminating Animals (Goats, Sheep, …
- … et Culture. 4to. Avec 10 planches. Amsterdam, 1768. 12 s . 41 Bailliére [Saint-Simon] 1768] …
- … of Vertebrate animals 54 folio Plates. Maclise 2”12.6. [Maclise 1847] good for woodcuts. (Roy. …
- … Malthus on Population [Malthus 1826] Oct 12 th W. Earle’s 60 Eastern Seas [Earl 1837]. …
- … vol. 19 Mungo Parks travels [Park 1799] Feb 12 Sir H. Davy consolations in travel [H. …
- … [G. Dixon ed. 1789]. Voyages skimmed. Coral Theory 12 th Dampier [Dampier 1697]. 1 st …
- … references at end of Hallam [Hallam 1837–9]) Feb. 12 th Charlsworths Journal [ Magazine …
- … Hour & Man. H. Martineau [H. Martineau 1841] —— 12 Sir S. Romilly’s Memoirs [Romilly 1840 …
- … Natur-gesichte [Bechstein 1789–95]. d[itt]o March 12 th Gardener’s Magaz. [ Gardener' …
- … and Register of Rural & Domestic Improvement ] 12 Backhouse Narr: of Visit to …
- … Dict. des Sci. Nat. [A. P. de Candolle 1820] marked 12. Watertons Essays in Nat. Hist. 2 nd …
- … Oct. Cosmos [A. von Humboldt 1845–8]. Vol. 1 Nov. 12 Martin on the Horse [W. C. L. Martin …
- … [DAR 119: 17a] 1846 Feb 12 th . Metzger Getreidarten [Metzger 1841] …
- … 16 Bot. Reports. Ray. Soc. [Ray Society 1846] Nov. 12. Mem. of Geolog. Survey [ Memoirs of …
- … . 1 Meyens Geography of Plants [Meyen 1846]. —— 12 th Metzger Kultiverten Kohlarten …
- … VI.— [DAR 119: 17b] 1846 Feb. 12. 1 & 2 vol. of Wilkinson’s Manner …
- … Scotts Life [Lockart 1837–8]— read aloud April 12 th . Carlyles Oliver Cromwell [Carlyle …
- … Despatches Vol I. II. III [Wellesley 1834–9] Dec 12 th The Emigrant by Sir F. B. Head [F. …
- … . London. [Other eds.] 119: 13b ——. 1845. Oliver Cromwell’s letters and speeches: with …
- … 142–214. *119: 21v.; 119: 18a Clarke, Edward Daniel. 1810–23. Travels in various …
- … . 9 vols. Paris. *128: 169 Defoe, Daniel. 1719. The life and strange surprizing …
- … London. *119: 23, 24; 128: 5 Ekmarck, Carl Daniel. 1781. On the migration of birds. In …
- … G. H. Hodson. London. 128: 25 Hofacker, Johann Daniel. 1828. Ueber die Eigenschaften …
- … Illustrated Library.) London. *128: 157 Johnson, Daniel. 1822. Sketches of field sports …
- … *119: 4v.; 119: 13a Wilcke, Henricus Christianus Daniel. 1781. On the police of nature. In …
Darwin in letters, 1877: Flowers and honours
Summary
Ever since the publication of Expression, Darwin’s research had centred firmly on botany. The year 1877 was no exception. The spring and early summer were spent completing Forms of flowers, his fifth book on a botanical topic. He then turned to the…
Matches: 4 hits
- … evidence and renewing contact with correspondents such as Daniel Oliver, Friedrich Hildebrand, Fritz …
- … thanked the director, Adriaan Anthoni van Bemmelen, on 12 February 1877 : ‘I suppose that every …
- … the beginning of his 70th year. Darwin was in fact 68 on 12 February 1877. Distinguished …
- … down to rest’, he explained ( letter to J. W. Clark, 12 November 1877 ). Worms Aside …
Darwin in letters,1866: Survival of the fittest
Summary
The year 1866 began well for Charles Darwin, as his health, after several years of illness, was now considerably improved. In February, Darwin received a request from his publisher, John Murray, for a new edition of Origin. Darwin got the fourth…
Matches: 3 hits
- … though I dread all exertion’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, [12 May 1866] ). Darwin’s interest in …
- … development ( see for example, letter to C. W. Nägeli, 12 June [1866] ). Also in March, however, …
- … when the young daughter of Hooker’s colleague at Kew, Daniel Oliver, died suddenly. ‘How grieved I …
Darwin in letters, 1844–1846: Building a scientific network
Summary
The scientific results of the Beagle voyage still dominated Darwin's working life, but he broadened his continuing investigations into the nature and origin of species. Far from being a recluse, Darwin was at the heart of British scientific society,…
