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To J. S. Burdon Sanderson   19 November [1873]

Summary

Sends the very little globulin and haemoglobin he has to be tested with artificial gastric juice. He could get more from Samuel William Moore. Perhaps T. L. Brunton knows about the digestion of chlorophyll by animals.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  John Scott Burdon Sanderson, 1st baronet
Date:  19 Nov [1873]
Classmark:  University of British Columbia Library, Rare Books and Special Collections (Darwin - Burdon Sanderson letters RBSC-ARC-1731-1-6)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-9155

Matches: 1 hit

  • … by chlorine (see Correspondence vol.  10, letter from A.  W.  von Hofmann, 27 June 1862, …

From A. W. Bennett   12 July 1873

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Summary

Believes some flowers fail to produce seed because of the access of too great a quantity of pollen. Asks for CD’s opinion and references.

Author:  Alfred William Bennett
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  12 July 1873
Classmark:  DAR 160: 141
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-8976

Matches: 2 hits

  • … Viola in 1862 (see Correspondence vol.  10, letter to J.  D.  Hooker, 30 May [1862] ). …
  • letter to J.  D.  Hooker, 17 March [1867] ). In Cross and self fertilisation , p.  25, he reported, ‘flowers fertilised with little pollen yielded rather more capsules and seeds than did those fertilised with an excess; but the difference is too slight to be of any significance’. His notes on these experiments, dated between 1 and 10  …

To Edward Frankland   12 July 1873

Summary

Seeks the assistance of a professional chemist in securing a qualitative analysis of the fluid secreted by the glands of Drosera which have the power of dissolving animal matter out of the bodies of insects. [See 8979.]

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Edward Frankland
Date:  12 July 1873
Classmark:  The John Rylands Library, The University of Manchester
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-8977A

Matches: 1 hit

  • … in 1862 (see Correspondence vol.  10, letter from A.  W.  Hofmann, 27 June 1862 , and …

To T. L. Brunton   3 December 1873

Summary

Is interested in comparative nutritive values of chondrin and gelatin. The former seems to excite Drosera more, though albumen does so to a higher degree than either. Also asks if chlorophyll is digested by animals; Drosera digests it hardly at all.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Thomas Lauder Brunton, 1st baronet
Date:  3 Dec 1873
Classmark:  American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-9168

Matches: 1 hit

  • … by chlorine (see Correspondence vol.  10, letter from A.  W.  von Hofmann, 27 June 1862). …

From Robert Swinhoe   26 March 1873

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Summary

Discusses expression among the Chinese. Reports certain physical characters and the practice of certain unusual customs.

Author:  Robert Swinhoe
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  26 Mar 1873
Classmark:  DAR 177: 336
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-8824

Matches: 2 hits

  • … see, for example, Correspondence vol.  10, letter from Robert Swinhoe, 12 November 1862 , …
  • … surviving correspondence with CD is his letter of 10 February 1870 ( Correspondence vol.   …

From Francis Darwin   [11 October 1873]

Summary

Has got a cold, so will not go to Kew. Wrote to Hartnack about price of microscopes and describes own model. Told Hooker about Tisley Spiller’s microscope in Paris.

Author:  Francis Darwin
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  [11 Oct 1873]
Classmark:  DAR 274.1: 9
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-9095F

Matches: 3 hits

  • … own and Francis’s microscopes, in his letter of 10 October 1873 . Francis refers to Edward …
  • … between this letter and the letter to Francis Darwin, 10 October 1873 . In 1873, the …
  • … Botanic Gardens, Kew, in his letter to Francis of 10 October 1873 . Joseph Dalton Hooker …

To J. S. Burdon Sanderson   14 September [1873]

Summary

Very pleased at JSBS’s discovery ["On the electrical phenomena which accompany the contractions of the leaf of Dionaea muscipula", Rep. BAAS 43 (1873): 133].

Asks for pure animal substances [proteins] for Drosera experiments. His other sources have been T. L. Brunton, Edward Frankland, W. A. Miller (now dead), and Hoffmann of Berlin [A. W. von Hofmann?].

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  John Scott Burdon Sanderson, 1st baronet
Date:  14 Sept [1873]
Classmark:  University of British Columbia Library, Rare Books and Special Collections (Darwin - Burdon Sanderson letters RBSC-ARC-1731-1-9)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-9056

Matches: 1 hit

  • … Drosera (sundew; see Correspondence vol.  10, letter from A.  W.  von Hofmann, 27 June  …

To [W. W. Baxter?]   11 May [1873]

Summary

Requests litmus paper and gum.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  William Walmisley Baxter
Date:  11 May [1873]
Classmark:  Columbia University in the City of New York, Rare Book and Manuscript Library (Herter Box 1)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-8319

Matches: 1 hit

  • … from October 1873 (see ibid. , ,letter from Edward Frankland, 10 October 1873 ). …

From Alfred Moschkau   2 [December] 1873

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Summary

Discusses variation and selection in Harz canaries.

Author:  Otto Carl Alfred (Alfred) Moschkau
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  2 [Dec] 1873
Classmark:  DAR 171: 249
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-9125

Matches: 2 hits

  • … between this letter and the letter from Alfred Moschkau, 10 November 1873 . Moschkau …
  • … been found, but see the letter from Alfred Moschkau, 10 November 1873 . Haeckel 1868b . …

To M. D. Conway   12 September [1873]

Summary

Thanks for strange debate, which CD returns. Principle of evolution has first-rate supporters in [Edward Sylvester?] Morse and Theodore Nicholas Gill.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Moncure Daniel Conway
Date:  12 Sept [1873]
Classmark:  Archives of the New York Botanical Garden (Charles Finney Cox Collection)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-9051

Matches: 4 hits

  • … letter and the letter from M.  D.  Conway, 10 September [1873] ). See letter from M.   …
  • … D.  Conway, 10 September [1873] . See letter from M.  D.  Conway, 10 September [1873] and …
  • … on 5 September 1873. See letter from M.  D.  Conway, 10 September [1873] and n.  2. …
  • … Advancement of Science (see letter from M.  D.  Conway, 10 September [1873] and n.  4); in …

To Ernst Haeckel   20 January 1873

Summary

On EH’s Die Kalkschwämme [1872].

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Ernst Philipp August (Ernst) Haeckel
Date:  20 Jan 1873
Classmark:  Ernst-Haeckel-Haus (Bestand A-Abt. 1: 52/29)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-8743

Matches: 1 hit

  • … passages for CD to read in his letter of 10 December 1872 ( Correspondence vol.  20). …

To Edward Frankland   13 October 1873

Summary

Finds the negative information sent by EF of great interest [see 9094].

More on his own experiments and the perplexing results when using the sensitive litmus paper.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Edward Frankland
Date:  13 Oct 1873
Classmark:  The John Rylands Library, The University of Manchester
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-9096A

Matches: 2 hits

  • … acid secretion of Drosera ; see letter from Edward Frankland, 10 October 1873  and n.  1. …
  • … from Edward Frankland, 15 July 1873 ). See letter from Edward Frankland, 10 October 1873 . …

From Hermann Müller   1 July 1873

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Summary

Sends a note on R. Caspary’s observations of Corydalis self-fertilisation [see Cross and self-fertilisation, p. 331].

Has begun his experiments on the self- and cross-fertilised flowers.

Author:  Heinrich Ludwig Hermann (Hermann) Müller
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  1 July 1873
Classmark:  DAR 76: B184
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-8961

Matches: 2 hits

  • … fertilisation on Viola tricolor in his letter of 10 June 1873 . CD discussed the self- …
  • … von Kurr ( Kurr 1833 ; see letter from Hermann Müller, 10 June 1873 ). Malva sylvestris (‘ …

From Anton Dohrn   27 January 1873

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Summary

The Naples Zoological Station and its library are growing fast. His life is a constant battle with the municipality, but has managed to make a little progress on vertebrate ancestry and morphology. His views get further away from what is generally accepted.

Author:  Felix Anton (Anton) Dohrn
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  27 Jan 1873
Classmark:  DAR 162: 212
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-8750

Matches: 2 hits

  • … form (see Correspondence vol.  13, letter to Fritz Müller, 10 August [1865] and n.   …
  • … 7, and letter from Fritz Müller, 10 October 1865 ). For more on Dohrn’s work with …

To Francis Galton   28 May 1873

Summary

Comments about questionnaire CD completed for FG [for Galton’s English men of science (1874)].

Describes his early interest in collecting and his education.

Asks about determining the mean heights of two groups of men.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Francis Galton
Date:  28 May 1873
Classmark:  UCL Library Services, Special Collections (GALTON/1/1/9/5/7/15); Pearson 1914–30, 2: 178
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-8924

Matches: 1 hit

  • … to Nature , 20 September [1873] and n.  10, and letter to Nature from G.  H.  Darwin, 4  …

To Edward Frankland   [10 November 1873]

Summary

Requests permission to call upon EF either Friday or Saturday morning [14 or 15 November].

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Edward Frankland
Date:  [10 Nov 1873]
Classmark:  The John Rylands Library, The University of Manchester
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-9137A

Matches: 1 hit

  • … plants (see, for example, letter from Edward Frankland, 10 October 1873 ). Frankland’s …

To J. S. Burdon Sanderson   24 June 1873

Summary

Wishes JSBS to look over an abstract of his Drosera experiments and to answer some questions on it.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  John Scott Burdon Sanderson, 1st baronet
Date:  24 June 1873
Classmark:  University of British Columbia Library, Rare Books and Special Collections (Darwin - Burdon Sanderson letters RBSC-ARC-1731-1-10)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-8948

Matches: 1 hit

  • … Darwin - Burdon Sanderson letters RBSC-ARC-1731-1-10) Charles Robert Darwin Down 24 June …

To Nature   [before 3 April 1873]

Summary

"The following fact with respect to the habits of ants, which I believe to be quite new, has been sent to me by a distinguished geologist, Mr J. D. Hague [see 8788]; and it appears well worth publishing."

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Nature
Date:  [before 3 Apr 1873]
Classmark:  Nature, 10 April 1873, pp. 443–4
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-8853

Matches: 1 hit

  • … Hague, 3 April [1873] . The letter was published in Nature , 10 April 1873, pp.  443–4. …

To James Crichton-Browne   4 March [1873]

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Summary

Pleased that JC-B will review Expression.

Fears he will not be able to improve the book with JC-B’s "wonderfully curious" photographs because Murray printed such a large edition.

Would be glad to have JC-B’s notes on inheritance – "a most important subject".

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  James Crichton-Browne
Date:  4 Mar [1873]
Classmark:  DAR 143: 343
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-8798

Matches: 1 hit

  • … 9000 copies of Expression (see letter from John Murray, 10 February [1873] and n.  2); …

To Nature   [before 24 July 1873]

Summary

Sends a letter from J. D. Hague confirming his earlier observation [see 8788] of frightened behaviour of ants when they come upon dead ants. CD had asked for confirmation because J. T. Moggridge had suggested that the ants’ behaviour was alarm at the scent of the observer’s fingers.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Nature
Date:  [before 24 July 1873]
Classmark:  Nature, 24 July 1873, p. 244
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-8985

Matches: 1 hit

  • … Duncan Hague’s letter of 26 February 1873 was published in Nature , 10 April 1873, p.   …
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Reading my roommate’s illustrious ancestor: To T. H. Huxley, 10 June 1868

Summary

My roommate at Harvard College was Tom Baum, now a Hollywood screenwriter.  Tom’s full name is Thomas Henle Baum, his middle name a reference to a German physician ancestor for whom the ‘Loop of Henle’ in the kidney had been named.  Other than this iconic…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … My roommate at Harvard College was Tom Baum, now a Hollywood screenwriter.  Tom’s full name is …

Darwin in letters, 1865: Delays and disappointments

Summary

The year was marked by three deaths of personal significance to Darwin: Hugh Falconer, a friend and supporter; Robert FitzRoy, captain of the Beagle; and William Jackson Hooker, director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and father of Darwin’s friend…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … In 1865, the chief work on Charles Darwin’s mind was the writing of  The variation of animals and …

Darwin in letters, 1863: Quarrels at home, honours abroad

Summary

At the start of 1863, Charles Darwin was actively working on the manuscript of The variation of animals and plants under domestication, anticipating with excitement the construction of a hothouse to accommodate his increasingly varied botanical experiments…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … At the start of 1863, Charles Darwin was actively working on the manuscript of  The variation of …

The Lyell–Lubbock dispute

Summary

In May 1865 a dispute arose between John Lubbock and Charles Lyell when Lubbock, in his book Prehistoric times, accused Lyell of plagiarism. The dispute caused great dismay among many of their mutual scientific friends, some of whom took immediate action…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … In May 1865 a dispute arose between John Lubbock and Charles Lyell when Lubbock, in his book …

Cross and self fertilisation

Summary

The effects of cross and self fertilisation in the vegetable kingdom, published on 10 November 1876, was the result of a decade-long project to provide evidence for Darwin’s belief that ‘‘Nature thus tells us, in the most emphatic manner, that she abhors…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … The effects of cross and self fertilisation in the vegetable kingdom , published on 10 November …

Women’s scientific participation

Summary

Observers | Fieldwork | Experimentation | Editors and critics | Assistants Darwin’s correspondence helps bring to light a community of women who participated, often actively and routinely, in the nineteenth-century scientific community. Here is a…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … Observers |  Fieldwork |  Experimentation |  Editors and critics  |  Assistants …

Darwin in letters, 1881: Old friends and new admirers

Summary

In May 1881, Darwin, one of the best-known celebrities in England if not the world, began writing about all the eminent men he had met. He embarked on this task, which formed an addition to his autobiography, because he had nothing else to do. He had…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … In May 1881, Darwin, one of the best-known celebrities in England if not the world, began …

Darwin’s queries on expression

Summary

When Darwin resumed systematic research on emotions around 1866, he began to collect observations more widely and composed a list of queries on human expression. A number of handwritten copies were sent out in 1867 (see, for example, letter to Fritz Muller…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … When Darwin resumed systematic research on emotions around 1866, he began to collect observations …

Darwin in letters, 1876: In the midst of life

Summary

1876 was the year in which the Darwins became grandparents for the first time.  And tragically lost their daughter-in-law, Amy, who died just days after her son's birth.  All the letters from 1876 are now published in volume 24 of The Correspondence…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … I cannot bear to think of the future The year 1876 started out sedately enough with …

Schools Gallery: Using Darwin’s letters in the classroom

Summary

English| History| Science  English Pupils in Cumbria lead the way Year 9 English pupils at Ulverston Victoria High School spent several weeks studying Darwin’s letters, including comparing sections from Darwin’s ‘Voyage of the Beagle’ to letters…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … English |  History |  Science   English Pupils in Cumbria lead …

Darwin in letters,1866: Survival of the fittest

Summary

The year 1866 began well for Charles Darwin, as his health, after several years of illness, was now considerably improved. In February, Darwin received a request from his publisher, John Murray, for a new edition of  Origin. Darwin got the fourth…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … The year 1866 began well for Charles Darwin, as his health, after several years of illness, was …

Darwin's notes for his physician, 1865

Summary

On 20 May 1865, Emma Darwin recorded in her diary that John Chapman, a prominent London publisher who had studied medicine in London and Paris in the early 1840s, visited Down to consult with Darwin about his ill health. In 1863 Chapman started to treat…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … On 20 May 1865, Emma Darwin recorded in her diary that John Chapman, a prominent London publisher …

Darwin in letters, 1879: Tracing roots

Summary

Darwin spent a considerable part of 1879 in the eighteenth century. His journey back in time started when he decided to publish a biographical account of his grandfather Erasmus Darwin to accompany a translation of an essay on Erasmus’s evolutionary ideas…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … There are summaries of all Darwin's letters from the year 1879 on this website.  The full texts of …

Henrietta Darwin's diary

Summary

Darwin's daughter Henrietta kept a diary for a few momentous weeks in 1871. This was the year in which Descent of Man, the most controversial of her father's books after Origin itself, appeared, a book which she had helped him write. The small…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … Charles Darwin’s daughter Henrietta wrote the following journal entries in March and July 1871 in …

Darwin in letters, 1860: Answering critics

Summary

On 7 January 1860, John Murray published the second edition of Darwin’s Origin of species, printing off another 3000 copies to satisfy the demands of an audience that surprised both the publisher and the author. It wasn't long, however, before ‘the…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … On 7 January 1860, John Murray published the second edition of Darwin’s  Origin of species , …

Was Darwin an ecologist?

Summary

One of the most fascinating aspects of Charles Darwin’s correspondence is the extent to which the experiments he performed at his home in Down, in the English county of Kent, seem to prefigure modern scientific work in ecology.

Matches: 1 hits

  • … I gave two seeds to a confounded old cock, but his gizzard ground them up; at least I cd. not …

Darwin in letters, 1856-1857: the 'Big Book'

Summary

In May 1856, Darwin began writing up his 'species sketch’ in earnest. During this period, his working life was completely dominated by the preparation of his 'Big Book', which was to be called Natural selection. Using letters are the main…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … On 14 May 1856, Charles Darwin recorded in his journal that he ‘Began by Lyell’s advice  writing …

Darwin in letters, 1882: Nothing too great or too small

Summary

In 1882, Darwin reached his 74th year Earthworms had been published the previous October, and for the first time in decades he was not working on another book. He remained active in botanical research, however. Building on his recent studies in plant…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … In 1882, Darwin reached his 74th year Earthworms had been published the previous October, and …

Darwin in letters, 1872: Job done?

Summary

'My career’, Darwin wrote towards the end of 1872, 'is so nearly closed. . .  What little more I can do, shall be chiefly new work’, and the tenor of his correspondence throughout the year is one of wistful reminiscence, coupled with a keen eye…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … ‘My career’, Darwin wrote towards the end of 1872, ‘is so nearly closed. . .  What little more I …

Darwin in letters, 1874: A turbulent year

Summary

The year 1874 was one of consolidation, reflection, and turmoil for Darwin. He spent the early months working on second editions of Coral reefs and Descent of man; the rest of the year was mostly devoted to further research on insectivorous plants. A…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … The year 1874 was one of consolidation, reflection, and turmoil for Darwin. He spent the early …
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