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Cross and self fertilisation
Summary
The effects of cross and self fertilisation in the vegetable kingdom, published on 10 November 1876, was the result of a decade-long project to provide evidence for Darwin’s belief that ‘‘Nature thus tells us, in the most emphatic manner, that she abhors…
Matches: 20 hits
- … on the California poppy ( Eschscholzia californica ). Fritz Müller, writing from Brazil in …
- … cultivation in divergent climatic conditions’ ( From Fritz Müller, 1 December 1866 ). Darwin’s …
- … several uncovered plants to produce capsules’ ( To Fritz Müller, 30 January [1868] ). Müller, in …
- … of self-fertility over subsequent generations. In June 1869, Müller remarked, on receiving a new …
- … circumstances fertility sometimes depends’ ( From Fritz Müller, 15 June 1869 ). By May 1870, …
- … that of the offspring of English fertile plants’ ( To Fritz Müller, 12 May 1870 ). From a …
- … the essence of sexual reproduction’, he told Müller ( To Fritz Müller, 28 November 1868 ). In …
- … from seeds from the same pod were mutually sterile ( From Fritz Müller, 14 March 1869 ). ‘The case …
- … that he had sown seeds of this plant sent by Müller ( To Fritz Müller, 18 July [1869] ). Darwin …
- … setting to moderate self-fertility in his hothouse ( To Fritz Müller, 2 August [1871] ). By …
- … 5 December 1871 ). When Darwin began writing in February 1873, he asked Hooker for names of …
- … system to follow ( To J. D. Hooker, 17 February 1873 ). Despite also working on experiments with …
- … with this & get it published’ ( To Asa Gray, 11 March [1873] ). In April 1873, the …
- … Translators, Reviewers, &c.’ ( To John Murray, 4 May [1873] ). In reply to his German …
- … when it will be published’ ( To J. V. Carus, 8 May [1873] ). Hermann Müller also wrote from …
- … my further working’ ( From Hermann Müller, 10 June 1873 ). Darwin, in turn, had found Müller’s …
- … them by different routes’ ( To Hermann Müller, 30 May 1873 ). Although Darwin had completed a …
- … must turn to the vegetable kingdom’ In June 1873, Delpino informed Darwin that …
- … to avoid crossing ( From Federico Delpino, 18 June 1873 ). Darwin was intrigued. ‘I am very glad …
- … Bees’, he told Delpino ( To Federico Delpino, 25 June [1873] ). Darwin’s suspicion that sweet peas …
Darwin's in letters, 1873: Animal or vegetable?
Summary
Having laboured for nearly five years on human evolution, sexual selection, and the expression of emotions, Darwin was able to devote 1873 almost exclusively to his beloved plants. He resumed work on the digestive powers of sundews and Venus fly traps, and…
Matches: 30 hits
- … and the expression of emotions, Darwin was able to devote 1873 almost exclusively to his beloved …
- … A large portion of the letters Darwin received in 1873 were in response to The expression of the …
- … to have observed” ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 12 January [1873] ). Drosera was the main focus of …
- … leaf & branch!” ( letter from J. D. Hooker, 12 January 1873 ). Darwin found that the …
- … copy of the Handbook for the physiological laboratory (1873), a detailed guide to animal …
- … Darwin’s other main focus of botanical investigation in 1873 was cross- and self-fertilisation, work …
- … studies in February. He received detailed observations from Fritz Müller in Brazil, Friedrich …
- … & correlated” ( letter to T. H. Farrer, 14 August 1873 ). Darwin worried, however, that …
- … when it will be ready” ( letter to John Murray, 4 May [1873] ). Keeping it in the family …
- … their burrows” ( letter from Francis Darwin, 14 August [1873] ). In September, Darwin …
- … will be created” ( letter to E. A. Darwin, 20 September 1873 ). Erasmus, who had studied medicine …
- … work” ( letter from E. A. Darwin, 25 September [1873] ). Shortly afterwards, it was arranged for …
- … 1872 and sold quickly. He wrote to Hooker on 12 January [1873] , “Did I ever boast to you on the …
- … anonymously in the Edinburgh Review in April ([Baynes] 1873). Darwin asked one of his Scottish …
- … before hand” ( letter to George Cupples, 28 April [1873] ). Readers' lives …
- … letter from L. M. Forster to H. E. Litchfield, 20 February 1873 ). The surgeon Francis Stephen …
- … ( letter to F. S. B. F. de Chaumont, 3 February [1873] ). Some readers proposed alternative …
- … that accompanied sexual intercourse? (letter from ?, [1873?]). The Scottish physician William Main …
- … with the reverse—” ( letter from William Main, 2 April 1873 ). The zoologist Henry Reeks suspected …
- … and good breeding ( letter from Henry Reeks, 3 March 1873 ). Robert Swinhoe wrote from Ning …
- … a second dose” ( letter from Robert Swinhoe, 26 March 1873 ). One of the leading …
- … the jaws” ( letter from James Crichton-Browne, 16 April 1873 ). Crichton-Browne was trying …
- … the disease ( letter to James Crichton-Browne, 30 December 1873 ). Instinct In …
- … to its offspring ( letter from J. T. Moggridge, 1 February 1873 ). Darwin soon became …
- … shops ( letter to Nature , [before 13 February 1873] ). Huggins’s letter prompted replies from …
- … to Nature ( letter to Nature , [before 13 March 1873] ) about a horse who had pulled a mail …
- … with his finger ( letter to Nature , [before 3 April 1873] ). Moggridge suggested the …
- … fellow species” ( letter to Nature , [before 24 July 1873] ). Character and genius …
- … as “utopian” ( letter to Francis Galton, 4 January [1873] ). Continuing the line of research he …
- … been criticised for this by the philologist Friedrich Max Müller in a series of lectures at the …
Hermann Müller
Summary
Hermann (Heinrich Ludwig Hermann) Müller, was born in Mühlberg near Erfurt in 1829. He was the younger brother of Fritz Müller (1822–97). Following the completion of his secondary education at Erfurt in 1848, he studied natural sciences at Halle and Berlin…
Matches: 13 hits
- … Hermann (Heinrich Ludwig Hermann) Müller, was born in Mühlberg near Erfurt in 1829. He was the …
- … beetle; it was the subject of his first scientific paper (Müller 1856). In the autumn of 1855 …
- … from her first marriage; the couple had three more children. Müller had become a full teacher by …
- … in the whole province. As a scientific researcher, Müller did not need to look further than …
- … his brother became a supporter of Darwin’s theory. Just as Fritz had chosen to focus on Crustacea in …
- … In early spring 1867, Darwin initiated a correspondence with Müller, but that letter has not been …
- … replied encouragingly and in the summer of 1867, Müller began working on fertilisation of orchids …
- … unwanted visitors from gaining access. In October 1867, Müller sent Darwin a letter describing …
- … research along these lines led to the publication in 1873 of Müller’s seminal work on co-adaptation, …
- … Darwin could not wait to finish the book before sending Müller his reaction, noting that he had …
- … was the introduction he wrote to the English edition of Müller’s book, published in 1883. …
- … (known as ultramontanists by their opponents). Throughout, Müller received the support of the …
- … resulted in a limiting of the kind of teaching that Müller advocated. Müller fought against this …
Darwin’s queries on expression
Summary
When Darwin resumed systematic research on emotions around 1866, he began to collect observations more widely and composed a list of queries on human expression. A number of handwritten copies were sent out in 1867 (see, for example, letter to Fritz Muller…
Language: key letters
Summary
How and why language evolved bears on larger questions about the evolution of the human species, and the relationship between man and animals. Darwin presented his views on the development of human speech from animal sounds in The Descent of Man (1871),…
Matches: 1 hits
- … the breed. Letter 8962: Darwin, C. R. to Max Müller, Friedrich, 3 July 1873 In the …
Darwin in Conversation exhibition
Summary
Meet Charles Darwin as you have never met him before. Come to our exhibition at Cambridge University Library, running from 9 July to 3 December 2022, and discover a fascinating series of interwoven conversations with Darwin's many hundreds of…
Matches: 1 hits
- … 9 July – 3 December 2022 Milstein Exhibition Centre, Cambridge University …
Darwin in letters, 1877: Flowers and honours
Summary
Ever since the publication of Expression, Darwin’s research had centred firmly on botany. The year 1877 was no exception. The spring and early summer were spent completing Forms of flowers, his fifth book on a botanical topic. He then turned to the…
Darwin in letters, 1879: Tracing roots
Summary
Darwin spent a considerable part of 1879 in the eighteenth century. His journey back in time started when he decided to publish a biographical account of his grandfather Erasmus Darwin to accompany a translation of an essay on Erasmus’s evolutionary ideas…
Matches: 6 hits
- … 9 February 1879 ). The botanist and schoolteacher Hermann Müller wrote on 12 February to wish …
- … day , in which he expressed his distress at hearing that Müller had been treated shamefully by the …
- … party in the German house of representatives had accused Müller of corrupting his students by …
- … ‘In the beginning was carbon’ ( letter from Hermann Müller, 14 February 1879 ). Carus …
- … and after Farrer’s second marriage to Darwin’s niece in 1873 the Darwins had stayed at the Farrers’ …
- … thought or working for the public good. Darwin promoted Fritz Müller’s discoveries in Brazil by …
Diagrams and drawings in letters
Summary
Over 850 illustrations from the printed volumes of The Correspondence of Charles Darwin have been added to the online transcripts of the letters. The contents include maps, diagrams, drawings, sketches and photographs, covering geological, botanical,…
Darwin in letters, 1869: Forward on all fronts
Summary
At the start of 1869, Darwin was hard at work making changes and additions for a fifth edition of Origin. He may have resented the interruption to his work on sexual selection and human evolution, but he spent forty-six days on the task. Much of the…
Matches: 3 hits
Climbing plants
Summary
Darwin’s book Climbing plants was published in 1865, but its gestation began much earlier. The start of Darwin’s work on the topic lay in his need, owing to severe bouts of illness in himself and his family, for diversions away from his much harder book on…
Photograph album of Dutch admirers
Summary
Darwin received the photograph album for his birthday on 12 February 1877 from his scientific admirers in the Netherlands. He wrote to the Dutch zoologist Pieter Harting, An account of your countrymen’s generous sympathy in having sent me on my…
Matches: 3 hits
Movement in Plants
Summary
The power of movement in plants, published on 7 November 1880, was the final large botanical work that Darwin wrote. It was the only work in which the assistance of one of his children, Francis Darwin, is mentioned on the title page. The research for this…
Matches: 6 hits
- … from correspondents in response to the work, and by 1873 began preparing a second edition, which …
- … because Darwin never published on bloom. In August 1873, while on holiday in Southampton at the home …
- … by bloom, but his main preoccupation in the summer of 1873 was his experimental work on …
- … themselves from the injurious effects of water. By November 1873, he was already devising …
- … 1877, Darwin asked one of his most trusted correspondents, Fritz Müller, to ‘ observe whether any …
- … into March 1879, and Darwin seemed weary when he told Fritz Müller, ‘ I have little or nothing to …
Darwin in letters, 1875: Pulling strings
Summary
‘I am getting sick of insectivorous plants’, Darwin confessed in January 1875. He had worked on the subject intermittently since 1859, and had been steadily engaged on a book manuscript for nine months; January also saw the conclusion of a bitter dispute…
Matches: 12 hits
- … heavily on his son Francis, who had made the decision in 1873 to abandon his medical studies and …
- … the Oxford professor of oriental languages, Friedrich Max Müller. George’s article also rehearsed …
- … which had become a debating point between Whitney and Max Müller. In Descent 2d ed., pp. 86–8, …
- … through unconscious processes, and had criticised Max Müller’s insistence that language was an …
- … Darwin 1874c, p. 894). On previous occasions, Max Müller and Darwin had aired their …
- … vol. 21), and George’s review prompted Max Müller to write to Darwin affirming that his convictions …
- … I find it in language & what is implied by language.’ Max Müller also published an article in …
- … offer on astronomy, or the Duke of Wellington on art (Max Müller 1875, pp. 305–7). The debate …
- … and the local vicar George Sketchley Ffinden resurfaced. In 1873, Charles and Emma Darwin and the …
- … included long-term correspondents such as Ernst Haeckel, Fritz and Hermann Müller, and Anton Dohrn. …
- … many German philosophers to “Darwinism”!’ The author, Fritz Schultze, contacted Darwin himself on …
- … on the digestive properties of Nepenthes since 1873. ‘You are aware that Dr Hooker has worked …
Descent
Summary
There are more than five hundred letters associated with the research and writing of Darwin’s book, Descent of man and selection in relation to sex (Descent). They trace not only the tortuous route to eventual publication, but the development of Darwin’s…
