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Darwin in letters, 1868: Studying sex
Summary
The quantity of Darwin’s correspondence increased dramatically in 1868 due largely to his ever-widening research on human evolution and sexual selection.Darwin’s theory of sexual selection as applied to human descent led him to investigate aspects of the…
Matches: 21 hits
- … On 6 March 1868, Darwin wrote to the entomologist and accountant John Jenner Weir, ‘If any …
- … The quantity of his correspondence increased dramatically in 1868; the increase was due largely to …
- … and his immediate circle of friends and relations. In July 1868 Darwin was still anticipating that …
- … and not too much’ ( letter to Albert Günther, 15 May [1868] ). My book is horribly …
- … domestication . Having been advertised by the publisher John Murray as early as 1865, the two …
- … increased the amount of work substantially. Darwin asked Murray to intervene, complaining on 9 …
- … a great loss to the Book’. But Darwin’s angry letter to Murray crossed one from Dallas to himself, …
- … look rather blank’ ( letter from W. S. Dallas, 8 January 1868 ). Darwin sympathised, replying on …
- … a cheque to Dallas for £55 s ., and recommended to Murray that Dallas receive additional payment. …
- … fairly nauseated’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 3 February [1868] ). But such worries were laid to …
- … was clearly impressed by Lewes’s reviews. On 7 August 1868 , he wrote him a lengthy letter from …
- … profound contempt of me. I feel convinced it is by Owen’. John Edward Gray, a colleague of Richard …
- … me in the face, but not behind my back’ ( letter to John Murray, 25 February [1868] ). Wallace …
- … to the paper’ ( letter from A. R. Wallace, 24 February [1868] ). The review was in fact by John …
- … a veritable ass’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 1 September [1868] ). I am bothered with …
- … a letter of thanks to the naturalist and customs offcial John Jenner Weir for a paper on apterous …
- … depends on the actions of the female’, and of rats, John Bush observed on 30 March that two …
- … mission stations in Victoria, Australia ( letter from R. B. Smyth, 13 August 1868 ); lengthy …
- … the whole System is sustained.’ The former Down clergyman, John Brodie Innes, passed easily over …
- … to be a ‘complete & premeditated swindler’ ( letter to J. B. Innes, 1 December 1868 ), his …
- … and joy. Satisfaction in one’s children, Darwin wrote to John Price on 26 November , was ‘the …
Darwin in letters, 1867: A civilised dispute
Summary
Charles Darwin’s major achievement in 1867 was the completion of his large work, The variation of animals and plants under domestication (Variation). The importance of Darwin’s network of correspondents becomes vividly apparent in his work on expression in…
Matches: 9 hits
- … of the size of the two-volume work from his publisher, John Murray, he wrote to Murray on 3 …
- … a chapter ‘on Man’. After a few days, he wrote back to Murray proposing that some of the more …
- … is as good as praise for selling a Book’ ( letter to John Murray, 31 January [1867] ). A …
- … and the tedious work of correction began. Darwin wrote to Murray on 18 March to say that he …
- … to translate Variation . Indeed, he told his publisher, John Murray, in a letter of 4 April …
- … time it took William Sweetland Dallas to prepare the index. John Murray had engaged Dallas and …
- … derived from Asa Gray’s printed queries, was published in 1868 in the Annual Report of the Board …
- … was sure that the colours were protective and suggested that John Jenner Weir might conduct …
- … work itself.’ Variation was published on 30 January 1868. …
Women as a scientific audience
Summary
Target audience? | Female readership | Reading Variation Darwin's letters, in particular those exchanged with his editors and publisher, reveal a lot about his intended audience. Regardless of whether or not women were deliberately targeted as a…
Matches: 8 hits
- … chapters of Origin of Species to his publisher, John Murray. He hopes that his views are …
- … Letter 5861 - Blyth, E. to Darwin, [11 February 1868] Zoologist Edward Blyth sends …
- … Letter 5928 - Gray, A. to Darwin, [25 February 1868] American naturalist Asa Gray …
- … Letter 6040 - Haeckel, E. P. A. to Darwin, [23 March 1868] Haeckel informs Darwin …
- … Letter 6110 - Samuelson, J. to Darwin, [10 April 1868] James Samuel, editor of …
- … Letter 6126 - Binstead, C. H. to Darwin, [17 April 1868] Charles Binstead, “an …
- … Letter 6237 - Bullar, R. to Darwin, [9 June 1868] Rosa Bullar reports a case of a …
- … it be required. Letter 6335 - Innes, J. B. to Darwin, [31 August 1868] …
Darwin in letters, 1871: An emptying nest
Summary
The year 1871 was an extremely busy and productive one for Darwin, with the publication in February of his long-awaited book on human evolution, Descent of man. The other main preoccupation of the year was the preparation of his manuscript on expression.…
Matches: 11 hits
- … book since the publication of Variation in February 1868, but many of the topics, such as the …
- … on 24 February, and all 2500 copies were sold in a week. ‘Murray says he is “torn to pieces” by …
- … on 28 February . Demand continued throughout the year, and Murray produced three more printings, …
- … £1470 for the first two printings, Darwin wrote to Murray on 20 March 1871 , ‘It is quite a grand …
- … expressed by Darwin’s old friend, the former vicar of Down John Brodie Innes. Darwin and Innes had …
- … ‘a windbag full of metaphysics & classics’ ( letter to John Murray, 13 April [1871] ). …
- … Gazette , and wrote to its author, who turned out to be John Morley, a leading advocate of …
- … and transmitted by culture, not biology ( letter from John Morley, 30 March 1871 ). …
- … by his wife and children. William offered his assessment of John Stuart Mill’s theory of …
- … he suspected that very few would actually sell (letters to John Murray, 17 August [1871] and …
- … years following the publication of Origin of species . Murray convinced him to appear in Vanity …
Darwin in letters, 1862: A multiplicity of experiments
Summary
1862 was a particularly productive year for Darwin. This was not only the case in his published output (two botanical papers and a book on the pollination mechanisms of orchids), but more particularly in the extent and breadth of the botanical experiments…
Matches: 16 hits
- … of sterility between varieties of Verbascum . When John Scott, foreman of the propagating …
- … Darwin, impressed, gave him the commission ( see letter to John Scott, 11 December [1862] ). …
- … to publish on Linum ‘at once’ ( letter to John Scott, 11 December [1862] ), writing up his …
- … buy it. When he submitted the manuscript to his publisher, John Murray, he boasted: ‘I can say with …
- … in the least , whether the Book will sell’ ( letter to John Murray, 9 [February 1862] ). To his …
- … paper for the Natural History Review ( see letter to John Lubbock, 16 [December 1862] ). Aware …
- … of the old Beagle crew, Bartholomew James Sulivan, John Clements Wickham, and Arthur Mellersh, …
- … of this, he prescribed strict conditions for a meeting with John Lubbock: ‘if you could … let me go …
- … at 9 o clock I do not think it would hurt me’ ( letter to John Lubbock, 23 October [1862] ). …
- … on botany. Even at the start of their correspondence he told John Scott: ‘Botany is a new subject to …
- … odds & ends of botany & you know far more’ ( letter to John Scott, 19 November [1862] ). …
- … Lyell, 14 October [1862] ). Moreover, when the physicist John Tyndall, fresh from a summer in the …
- … of Darwin’s circle was in Switzerland in the summer: John Lubbock briefly met up with Tyndall and …
- … discovered prehistoric lake-dwellings ( see letter from John Lubbock, 23 August 1862 ). Lubbock …
- … to view the prehistoric sites near Amiens ( see letter from John Lubbock, 15 May 1862 ), and he …
- … about the antiquity of the human species ( see letter from John Lubbock, 6 January 1862 ). …
Darwin in letters, 1869: Forward on all fronts
Summary
At the start of 1869, Darwin was hard at work making changes and additions for a fifth edition of Origin. He may have resented the interruption to his work on sexual selection and human evolution, but he spent forty-six days on the task. Much of the…
Matches: 6 hits
- … vol. 16, letter to W. D. Fox, 12 December [1868] ). He may have resented the interruption to his …
- … and amphibians, while Roland Trimen in South Africa and John Jenner Weir in London sent more …
- … on the German translation of Variation (Carus trans. 1868). The French translation proved …
- … the French edition of Variation (Moulinié trans. 1868), and CD now extended his permission for …
- … Scientific Opinion , launched towards the end of 1868, was one of several periodicals begun in …
- … that to me would have been a pleasing sight’ ( letter to John Murray, [after 18 September 1869] ). …
Women’s scientific participation
Summary
Observers | Fieldwork | Experimentation | Editors and critics | Assistants Darwin’s correspondence helps bring to light a community of women who participated, often actively and routinely, in the nineteenth-century scientific community. Here is a…
Matches: 13 hits
- … Letter 5817 - Darwin to Huxley, T. H., [30 January 1868] Darwin asks Thomas Huxley to …
- … to Darwin, [1873] Ellen Lubbock, wife of naturalist John Lubbock, responds to Darwin’s …
- … 6453 - Langton, E. to Wedgwood, S. E., [9 November 1868] Darwin’s nephew, Edmund, …
- … - Langton, E. & C. to Wedgwood S. E., [after 9 November 1868] Darwin’s nephews, Edmund …
- … 6815 - Scott, J. to Darwin, [2 July 1869] John Scott responds to Darwin’s queries …
- … Letter 6139 - Doubleday, H. to Darwin, [22 April 1868] Doubleday responds to Darwin’s …
- … Letter 6046 - Weir, J. J. to Darwin, [24 March 1868] John Weir describes experiments …
- … Letter 6083 - Casparay, J. X. R. to Darwin, [2 April 1868] Casparay details his …
- … Letter 6139 - Doubleday, H. to Darwin, [22 April 1868] Naturalist Henry Doubleday …
- … editorial criticism of a paper written by English naturalist John Lubbock. In addition to offering …
- … Letter 6046 - Weir, J. J. to Darwin, [24 March 1868] John Weir describes experiments …
- … Letter 6066 - Weir, H. W. to Darwin, [28 March 1868] Harrison Weir passes on …
- … Letter 6081 - Darwin to Bowman, W., [2 April 1868] Darwin requests surgeon and …
Darwin in letters,1866: Survival of the fittest
Summary
The year 1866 began well for Charles Darwin, as his health, after several years of illness, was now considerably improved. In February, Darwin received a request from his publisher, John Murray, for a new edition of Origin. Darwin got the fourth…
Matches: 11 hits
- … of scientific admirers at Down, among them Robert Caspary, John Traherne Moggridge, and Ernst …
- … ( Variation ). Although it was not published until 1868, all but the concluding chapter of the …
- … regime led to Darwin’s being teased by his neighbour, John Lubbock, about the prospect of riding to …
- … with our beagles before the season is over’ ( letter from John Lubbock, 4 August 1866 ). More …
- … D. Hooker, 24 December [1866] ). When finally published in 1868, it filled two lengthy volumes, …
- … On 21 February Darwin received notification from John Murray that stocks of the third edition of …
- … George Henslow, the son of his Cambridge mentor, John Stevens Henslow, stayed for two days in April …
- … In June, Darwin was visited by the orchid specialist John Traherne Moggridge, whose work on the self …
- … out, ‘business would be totally paralysed’. Similarly, John Murray gave as a reason for his decision …
- … ‘gaieties travelling & War Bulletins’ ( letter from John Murray, 18 July 1866 ). I …
- … for the criminal prosecution of the colonial governor Edward John Eyre. In his efforts to suppress …
Descent
Summary
There are more than five hundred letters associated with the research and writing of Darwin’s book, Descent of man and selection in relation to sex (Descent). They trace not only the tortuous route to eventual publication, but the development of Darwin’s…
Matches: 8 hits
- … in two volumes in 1871, yet as late as the summer of 1868 Darwin thought it would be only a ‘ short …
- … writing it up as a separate publication in early February 1868 , wading through a ‘ mass of …
- … . There were some signs of nerves: it was certain, he told John Murray, to ‘excite attention & …
- … Variation was finally off his hands at the beginning of 1868, the volume of his correspondence …
- … are more than 260 surviving letters from February and March 1868 alone, two or three times the usual …
- … the details of the experiment were discussed in March 1868 , it seems the original suggestion of …
- … & sexual selection’ Darwin wrote to Wallace in September 1868, but although he had ‘ oscillated …
- … to ‘ have a say so much ’. In October 1869 John Murray advertised a forthcoming ‘New Work …
Darwin and the Church
Summary
The story of Charles Darwin’s involvement with the church is one that is told far too rarely. It shows another side of the man who is more often remembered for his personal struggles with faith, or for his role in large-scale controversies over the…
Matches: 8 hits
- … scientific interests. Indeed, Darwin’s Cambridge mentor, John Stevens Henslow, and his friend and …
- … the work of Non-conformist preachers in the village. John Brodie Innes Many of the …
- … to be a cross between a cow and a red deer (letter from J. B. Innes, 7 December 1868 ). Innes had …
- … he left behind (letter from S. J. O’H. Horsman, 2 June [1868] ). Among the reasons justifying his …
- … to have made off with the church’s organ fund (letter to J. B. Innes, 15 June [1868] ). So …
- … chapel, rather than the Down parish church (letter to J. B. Innes, 1 December 1868 ). …
- … to such strained relations that Darwin’s neighbour, John Lubbock, was forced to send a series of …
- … chapter . Edited by Francis Darwin. 3 vols. London: John Murray. 1887–8. Moore, James. 1985. …
Forms of flowers
Summary
Darwin’s book The different forms of flowers on plants of the same species, published in 1877, investigated the structural differences in the sexual organs of flowers of the same species. It drew on and expanded five articles Darwin had published on the…
Matches: 5 hits
- … articles Darwin had published on the topic between 1861 and 1868. Two related questions inform all …
- … results of similar work carried out by correspondents like John Scott . Scott had been studying …
- … of plants ’, Darwin told Ernst Haeckel in February 1868. The first of these, ‘On the character and …
- … read on 19 March. Both papers were published in the June 1868 issue of the Journal of the Linnean …
- … to write Forms of flowers . He contacted his publisher John Murray in early April 1877, …
Darwin in letters,1870: Human evolution
Summary
The year 1870 is aptly summarised by the brief entry Darwin made in his journal: ‘The whole of the year at work on the Descent of Man & Selection in relation to Sex’. Descent was the culmination of over three decades of observations and reflections on…
Matches: 7 hits
- … Darwin reckoned that he had started writing on 4 February 1868, only five days after the publication …
- … the folded margin. Darwin, who had posed for the sculptor in 1868, an experience he described as …
- … vol. 16, letter to J. D. Hooker, 26 November [1868] ; this volume, letter to Thomas Woolner, 10 …
- … the mother and foetus during pregnancy. As a case in point, John Jenner Weir described the offspring …
- … also discussed recent experiments by Louis Pasteur and John Tyndall that provided evidence for the …
- … a memorandum. He asked his neighbour, the naturalist John Lubbock, who was now MP for Maidstone, to …
- … reference to mankind of much importance ’ ( letter to John Lubbock, 17 July 1870 ). The motion to …
Darwin in letters, 1864: Failing health
Summary
On receiving a photograph from Charles Darwin, the American botanist Asa Gray wrote on 11 July 1864: ‘the venerable beard gives the look of your having suffered, and … of having grown older’. Because of poor health, Because of poor health, Darwin…
Matches: 13 hits
- … oxlip ( P. elatior ), and published his results in an 1868 article (‘Illegitimate offspring of …
- … of a paper by another of his orchid correspondents, John Traherne Moggridge, who in June sent him …
- … of insect pollinators in 1864 and following years. John Scott again Much of Darwin’s …
- … plight of another of Darwin’s fellow orchid-experimenters, John Scott. Their correspondence had been …
- … five years. Scott felt that his superiors, James McNab and John Hutton Balfour, no longer treated …
- … indomitable perseverance, and his knowledge’ ( letter to John Scott, 10 June 1864 ). Hooker met …
- … support ‘on the grounds of science’ ( letter to John Scott, 9 April 1864 ), but Scott declined …
- … 1864 ). A notably rambling and long letter arrived from John Beck, a Shrewsbury schoolfellow of …
- … by a merciful deity for the use of humankind ( letter from John Beck, 6 October 1864 ). …
- … his brother Erasmus told him of a subscription fund for John William Colenso, bishop of Natal, South …
- … that a Neanderthal race once extended across Europe. John Lubbock mentioned his forthcoming volume …
- … of the Royal Society, Edward Sabine, to the geologist John Phillips revealed Sabine’s fears that in …
- … ever so little degree the Council’s award’ ( letter to John Lubbock, 21 December [1864] ). In …
Darwin’s reading notebooks
Summary
In April 1838, Darwin began recording the titles of books he had read and the books he wished to read in Notebook C (Notebooks, pp. 319–28). In 1839, these lists were copied and continued in separate notebooks. The first of these reading notebooks (DAR 119…
Matches: 24 hits
- … the transcript) and the non-scientific on the right (labelled ‘b’). He continued this separation of …
- … Archipelago [Crawfurd 1820] Raffeles d[itt]o [T. S. B. Raffles 1817] Buffon Suites …
- … 1839–41]— in Geograph Soc Siebold’s Japan [P. F. B. von Siebold 1833–50]— d[itt]o Kalm …
- … Domestic Improvement ] Loudons. Journal of Nat Hist Z & B [ Magazine of Natural History …
- … Nemesis to China [Bernard 1844]. The Emigrant, Head [F. B. Head 1846] St. John’s …
- … of Birds from distant countries Birds of Japan [P. F. B. von Siebold 1833–50] Zoolog. Soc …
- … 1766] Count Dandalo on silk worm Eng. Translat 1825—Murray [Dandolo 1825] /good/ M rs …
- … B.M. 6. 6. Black Edin. Longman [Ramsay 1848] St. John’s Nat. Hist. of Sutherlanshire, Murray …
- … 1851]. Packard. A Guide to the Study of Insects 1868. U. States [Packard 1868–9] (an …
- … Liebigs Lectures on Chemistry [Liebig 1851]. Sir John Davies. China during the War and Peace …
- … 1801]. well Skimmed B. Edwards Hist. of W. Indies [B. Edwards 1793–1801]. d[itt]o. …
- … 1766]. good Bas. Montagu’s Select from old Divines [B. Montagu 1805] [DAR 119: 10a] …
- … ] to end of Vol: XVIII & Part I. of V. 19 (1843) 25. Murray Domestic Poultry.— Domestic …
- … th Kings & Lay’s Missionary Voyage [King and Lay 1839] —— B. Hall’s Schloss Hainfell …
- … d . Series. vol 3. p. 1 to 312 30 th Colquhoun (John) The Moor & the Loch [Colquhoun …
- … 1834–9] Dec 12 th The Emigrant by Sir F. B. Head [F. B. Head 1846] —— 16 th …
- … Buffon [Milne-Edwards 1834–40]. March 5 th St. John’s Highlands [Saint John 1846] 8 …
- … Tone Autobiography [Tone 1826] very amusing March 10 John Galt Autobiography [Galt 1833] poor …
- … 1848] Madam Malguet [Torrens] 1848] —— Lives of John & Alex. Belthune [?Bethune 1840 and …
- … many vols. I have read.— [DAR *128: 149] Murray Geograph. Distrib. Price William …
- … up the River Amazon, including a residence at Pará . (Murray’s Home and Colonial Library.) …
- … Translated from the German and French by Lady Duff Gordon. (Murray’s Home and Colonial Library.) …
- … in DAR 71: 180–91.] *119: 22v.; 119: 22a Murray, Andrew. 1866. The geographical …
- … 2 vols. London. 119: 5a Packard, Alpheus Spring. 1868–9. Guide to the study of …
Darwin in letters, 1876: In the midst of life
Summary
1876 was the year in which the Darwins became grandparents for the first time. And tragically lost their daughter-in-law, Amy, who died just days after her son's birth. All the letters from 1876 are now published in volume 24 of The Correspondence…
Matches: 5 hits
- … had been founded in March 1876 by the London physiologist John Scott Burdon Sanderson to discuss how …
- … expressed in the pangenesis hypothesis, first published in 1868 ( Variation 2: 357–404). Others …
- … Darwin rejoiced to hear that the Cambridge astronomer John Couch Adams not only approved of George’s …
- … at the pre-publication sale dinner held by his publisher, John Murray ( letter to John Murray, 15 …
- … ). In England, the clergyman botanist George Henslow, son of John Stevens Henslow, Darwin’s …
