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Darwin in letters, 1868: Studying sex
Summary
The quantity of Darwin’s correspondence increased dramatically in 1868 due largely to his ever-widening research on human evolution and sexual selection.Darwin’s theory of sexual selection as applied to human descent led him to investigate aspects of the…
Matches: 12 hits
- … On 6 March 1868, Darwin wrote to the entomologist and accountant John Jenner Weir, ‘If any …
- … The quantity of his correspondence increased dramatically in 1868; the increase was due largely to …
- … or in satisfying female preference in the mating process. In a letter to Alfred Russel Wallace in …
- … and his immediate circle of friends and relations. In July 1868 Darwin was still anticipating that …
- … on the subject to the zoologist Albert Günther: ‘a drunkard might as well say, he would drink a …
- … as early as 1865, the two-volume work appeared in January 1868. A final delay caused by the indexing …
- … look rather blank’ ( letter from W. S. Dallas, 8 January 1868 ). Darwin sympathised, replying on …
- … fairly nauseated’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 3 February [1868] ). But such worries were laid to …
- … . It is a disgrace to the paper’ ( letter from A. R. Wallace, 24 February [1868] ). The review was …
- … entomologist Benjamin Dann Walsh on 25 March 1868 . Wallace maintained that males got whatever …
- … as life he wd find the odour sexual!’ ( letter to A . R. Wallace, 16 September [1868] ). Francis …
- … question of the “Origin of Species”’ ( letter from A. R. Wallace, 4 October 1868 ). …
Darwin’s queries on expression
Summary
When Darwin resumed systematic research on emotions around 1866, he began to collect observations more widely and composed a list of queries on human expression. A number of handwritten copies were sent out in 1867 (see, for example, letter to Fritz Muller…
Matches: 23 hits
- … for ease of distribution sometime in late 1867 or early 1868. Darwin went over his questions, …
- … in Ceylon, wrote the botanist George Thwaites on 22 July 1868 , “all endeavour to drill their …
- … Scottish botanist John Scott wrote from Calcutta, 4 May 1868 : “Shame is … expressed by an …
- … Bulmer, J 13 Aug 1868 [Gipps Land, nr. Flemington? …
- … Bunnett, Templeton 13 Aug 1868 Echuca, Australia …
- … Darwin, W.E. [after 29 March 1868] Chester Place, …
- … Darwin, W.E. [7? April 1868] Southampton, England …
- … Darwin, W.E. [22? April 1868] Southampton, England …
- … Forbes, David 26 March 1868 Boulton, England (about …
- … Geach, F.F. April 1868 Johore, Malaysia …
- … Glenie, S.O. 22 July 1868 Peradeniya, Ceylon …
- … Glenie, S.O. [July 1868] Trincomalee, Ceylon …
- … Hagenauer, J.A. 13 Aug 1868 Flemington, Australia …
- … Hawkshaw, Cicely Mary (to ED) 9 Feb 1868 Liphook, …
- … Hooker, J.D. 5 Sept 1868 Kew, London (about Nagasaki …
- … Lacy, Dyson [before 13 Aug 1868] [Queensland, …
- … Lane, H.B. 13 Aug 1868 Belfast, Australia? …
- … Lang, Archibald G. 13 Aug 1868 [Coranderrk, …
- … Muller, Fritz 30 Jan [1868] Itajahy, Santa Catharina …
- … Reade, Winwood W. 23 May 1868 Conservative Club, …
- … Scherzer, Karl Von 20 Oct 1868 Ministry of Commerce, …
- … Scott, John 4 May 1868 Royal Botanic Gardens, …
- … in Hottentots Smyth, R. Brough 13 Aug 1868 …
Controversy
Summary
The best-known controversies over Darwinian theory took place in public or in printed reviews. Many of these were highly polemical, presenting an over-simplified picture of the disputes. Letters, however, show that the responses to Darwin were extremely…
Matches: 13 hits
- … sharp theoretical differences with him; on the other hand, a number of his public critics assisted …
- … quickly deteriorated and Darwin came to regard him as a bitter enemy. Darwin and Sedgwick …
- … but he assures Sedgwick he does not send his book out of a spirit of bravado, but a want of respect. …
- … “grand principle natural selection ” is “but a secondary consequence of supposed, or known, …
- … of his book. He is grieved “to have shocked a man whom I sincerely honour”. He mentions that he has …
- … much about the social structure of Victorian science. Wallace would become one of Darwin's most …
- … to Lyell and encloses a manuscript by naturalist A. R. Wallace. Darwin has been forestalled. “ . . . …
- … Letter 6024 — Wallace, A. R. to Darwin, C. R., 19 Mar 1868 Wallace writes to Darwin with a …
- … Letter 6033 — Darwin, C. R. to Wallace, A. R., [21 Mar 1868] Darwin lets Wallace know he has …
- … Letter 6045 — Wallace, A. R. to Darwin, C. R., 24 Mar [1868] Wallace returns George Darwin’s …
- … Letter 6058 — Darwin, C. R. to Wallace, A. R., 27 Mar [1868] Darwin writes to Wallace saying …
- … Letter 6095 — Darwin, C. R. to Wallace, A. R., 6 Apr [1868] Darwin writes to Wallace on the …
- … Letter 6104 — Wallace, A. R. to Darwin, C. R., 8 [Apr] 1868 Wallace says if Darwin is not …
Darwin in letters, 1869: Forward on all fronts
Summary
At the start of 1869, Darwin was hard at work making changes and additions for a fifth edition of Origin. He may have resented the interruption to his work on sexual selection and human evolution, but he spent forty-six days on the task. Much of the…
Matches: 23 hits
- … Darwin was hard at work making changes and additions for a fifth edition of On the origin of …
- … his cousin William Darwin Fox, ‘My work will have to stop a bit for I must prepare a new edit. of …
- … vol. 16, letter to W. D. Fox, 12 December [1868] ). He may have resented the interruption to his …
- … views on all points will have to be modified.— Well it is a beginning, & that is something’ ( …
- … Darwin’s most substantial addition to Origin was a response to a critique of natural selection …
- … of species. Darwin correctly assessed Nägeli’s theory as a major challenge requiring a thorough and …
- … myself atrociously’, Darwin wrote to Alfred Russel Wallace on 2 February , ‘I meant to say …
- … now see is possible or probable’ (see also letter to A. R. Wallace, 22 January [1869] , and …
- … Thomson’s work challenged by both Thomas Henry Huxley and Wallace. He confided to Huxley, ‘I find …
- … of information which I have sent prove of any service to M r . Darwin I can supply him with much …
- … . Natural selection and humans: differences with Wallace But even as Darwin’s research …
- … from you, & I am very sorry for it On 24 March, Wallace wrote to Darwin about a …
- … which is to me absolutely unassailable’. In the article, Wallace claimed that certain human …
- … civilization. Such features had only emerged, according to Wallace, through the agency of ‘a Power …
- … laws in definite directions and for special ends’ ([Wallace] 1869b, pp. 393–4). Darwin was …
- … & proximate cause in regard to Man’ ( letter to A. R. Wallace, 14 April 1869 ). More …
- … and the bird of paradise (Wallace 1869a; letter to A. R. Wallace, 22 March [1869] ), and …
- … an injustice & never demands justice’ ( letter to A. R. Wallace, 14 April 1869 ). …
- … on the German translation of Variation (Carus trans. 1868). The French translation proved …
- … the French edition of Variation (Moulinié trans. 1868), and CD now extended his permission for …
- … Sweetland Dallas’s edition of Fritz Müller’s Für Darwin (Dallas trans. 1869). The book, an …
- … creation, if he is not completely staggered after reading y r essay’. The work received a …
- … Scientific Opinion , launched towards the end of 1868, was one of several periodicals begun in …
Fake Darwin: myths and misconceptions
Summary
Many myths have persisted about Darwin's life and work. Here are a few of the more pervasive ones, with full debunking below...
Matches: 1 hits
- … myths have persisted about Darwin's life and work. Here are a few of the more pervasive ones, …
Cross and self fertilisation
Summary
The effects of cross and self fertilisation in the vegetable kingdom, published on 10 November 1876, was the result of a decade-long project to provide evidence for Darwin’s belief that ‘‘Nature thus tells us, in the most emphatic manner, that she abhors…
Matches: 23 hits
- … kingdom , published on 10 November 1876, was the result of a decade-long project to provide …
- … to the American botanist Asa Gray, ‘I have just begun a large course of experiments on the …
- … ( To Édouard Bornet, 1 December 1866 ). Darwin began a series of experiments, reporting back to …
- … ( To Edouard Bornet, 20 August [1867] ). It was only after a new season of experiments that Darwin …
- … unnoticed, had it existed in all individuals of such a common garden plant. Perhaps in the case of …
- … of these seeds to Müller, hoping that he would ‘raise a plant, cover it with a net, & observe …
- … to produce capsules’ ( To Fritz Müller, 30 January [1868] ). Müller, in turn, sent seeds from his …
- … generations. In June 1869, Müller remarked, on receiving a new batch of seeds from Darwin, ‘that it …
- … plants’ ( To Fritz Müller, 12 May 1870 ). From a fairly early stage in his experimental …
- … & about which I dont know whether you w d care, is that a great excess of, or very little …
- … weight, or period of germination in the seeds of Ipomœa. I remember saying the contrary to you & …
- … indisputably germinate quicker than seeds produced by a cross between two distinct plants’ ( To …
- … in sweet peas simply did not exist in Britain. During a visit to Darwin in May 1866, Robert …
- … produced by the former ( From Robert Caspary, 18 February 1868 ). Darwin eagerly requested seed …
- … their power of growth’ ( To Robert Caspary, 25 February [1868] ). By this time he had already …
- … (Variation 2: 128-9), which was published on 30 January 1868. In April 1868, Darwin informed …
- … quite intelligible to me’ ( To George Bentham, 22 April 1868 ). A month later, he had another set …
- … taken from the same plant!’ ( To J. D. Hooker, 21 May [1868] ) Pollen tubes, or rapidly elongating …
- … he told Müller ( To Fritz Müller, 28 November 1868 ). In March 1869, Müller reported results of …
- … Julius Carus, who wrote in early May, Darwin stated, ‘M r Murray announced my next book without …
- … the set of all my works, I would suggest 1,500’ ( To R. F. Cooke, 16 September 1876 ). In the …
- … 16 December 1876 ). One critical review came from Alfred Wallace, who complained, ‘I am afraid this …
- … of hybrids, has not yet been produced’ ( From A. R. Wallace, 13 December 1876 ). No reply to this …
Religion
Summary
Design|Personal Belief|Beauty|The Church Perhaps the most notorious realm of controversy over evolution in Darwin's day was religion. The same can be said of the evolution controversy today; however the nature of the disputes and the manner in…
Matches: 12 hits
- … although he tended to avoid the subject as much as possible. A number of correspondents tried to …
- … nor is it clear that by challenging design, he provided a position completely incompatible with all …
- … point of departure reviews of Origin . The second is a single letter from naturalist A. R. …
- … for the attention now given to the subject. He poses Gray a question on design in nature, as he is …
- … He also discusses his views on design. He shares a witty thought experiment about an angel. …
- … about design. Letter 6167 — Darwin, C. R. to Gray, Asa, 8 May [1868] Darwin writes …
- … of the fittest” instead of “Natural Selection”. Wallace urges Darwin to stress frequency of …
- … 6223 — Horsman, S. J. H. to Darwin, C. R., 2 June [1868] Horsman attempts to convince Darwin …
- … Letter 6241 — Innes, J. B. to Darwin, C. R., 13 June 1868 J. B. Innes, vicar of Down writes …
- … Letter 6486 — Darwin, C. R. to Innes, J. B., 1 Dec 1868 Darwin writes to J. B. Innes, vicar …
- … Letter 6492 — Innes, J. B. to Darwin, C. R., 4 Dec 1868 J. B. Innes, vicar of Down provides …
- … Letter 6501 — Innes, J. B. to Darwin, C. R., 12 Dec 1868 J. B. Innes, vicar of Down is …
Darwin in letters, 1867: A civilised dispute
Summary
Charles Darwin’s major achievement in 1867 was the completion of his large work, The variation of animals and plants under domestication (Variation). The importance of Darwin’s network of correspondents becomes vividly apparent in his work on expression in…
Matches: 23 hits
- … to correct proofs, and just when completion seemed imminent, a further couple of months were needed …
- … oversized two-volume Variation and instead write a short (as he then expected) ‘Essay on Man’. …
- … selection in forming human races, and there was also to be a chapter on the meaning and cause of the …
- … ), published in 1871, and the chapter on expression into a book, The expression of the emotions in …
- … for decades, it was only now that he began to work with a view to publishing his observations. …
- … his work on expression in 1867, as he continued to circulate a list of questions on human expression …
- … Darwin corrected them. Closer to home, two important works, a book by the duke of Argyll, and an …
- … defence of the theory in the capable hands of Alfred Russel Wallace. At the same time, Darwin was …
- … self-sterility, pollination, and seed dispersal with a growing network of correspondents who worked …
- … atmosphere that he so much needed in what was becoming a highly combative and emotional arena. …
- … chapter and remained doubtful whether or not to include a chapter ‘on Man’. After a few days, he …
- … Darwin also introduced the subject to Alfred Russel Wallace, who suggested in his response of 11 …
- … “supplemental remarks on expression”’ ( letter to A. R. Wallace, [12–17] March [1867] ). Darwin’s …
- … derived from Asa Gray’s printed queries, was published in 1868 in the Annual Report of the Board …
- … debated the topic on a theoretical level was Alfred Russel Wallace. In a letter to Wallace written …
- … aviary to see whether this was the case ( letter from A. R. Wallace, 24 February [1867] ). He also …
- … butterflies resulted from sexual selection was implicit. Wallace’s response contained much more than …
- … being challenged at a fundamental level. In his response to Wallace ( letter to A. R. Wallace, 26 …
- … the course of several months. In the 1867 correspondence, Wallace steered clear of the issue of …
- … of colour in both insects and birds. Darwin conceded that Wallace had made a convincing argument …
- … than I c d have succeeded in doing’ ( letter to A. R. Wallace, 29 April [1867] ). Thus Darwin …
- … Wallace published a long article, ‘Creation by law’ (A. R. Wallace 1867c), which responded to Jenkin …
- … work itself.’ Variation was published on 30 January 1868. …
Inheritance
Summary
It was crucial to Darwin’s theories of species change that naturally occurring variations could be inherited. But at the time when he wrote Origin, he had no explanation for how inheritance worked – it was just obvious that it did. Darwin’s attempt to…
Matches: 10 hits
- … may often be of service to science, when they involve a certain portion of incompleteness, and even …
- … 'provisional hypothesis of Pangenesis’, was published in 1868 in his book, Variation of …
- … subject of inheritance is wonderful’ Darwin wrote,‘When a new character arises, whatever its nature …
- … were orginally derived. They could also lie dormant 'for a thousand or ten-thousand generations …
- … 1863] ). Years before he published, Darwin sent a draft manuscript on Pangenesis to a …
- … Somebody rummaging among your papers half a century hence will find Pangenesis & say “See this …
- … his publishing them” . . . I am not going to be made a horrid example of in that way. ( T. H …
- … says the view is quite different from his (& this a great relief to me, as I feared to be …
- … some other name. ( to J. D. Hooker, 23 February '1868] ) And took …
- … place,—and that I think hardly possible. ( from A. R. Wallace, 24 February 1868 ) …
Darwin in letters,1870: Human evolution
Summary
The year 1870 is aptly summarised by the brief entry Darwin made in his journal: ‘The whole of the year at work on the Descent of Man & Selection in relation to Sex’. Descent was the culmination of over three decades of observations and reflections on…
Matches: 21 hits
- … Darwin reckoned that he had started writing on 4 February 1868, only five days after the publication …
- … was far more extensive than Darwin had anticipated. As a result, Descent , like Variation , …
- … the material on emotion; it would eventually appear as a separate book in 1872 ( Expression of the …
- … of natural selection to humans from Alfred Russel Wallace and St George Jackson Mivart, and heated …
- … Lyell, ‘thank all the powers above & below, I shall be a man again & not a horrid grinding …
- … eighteen years of age. Darwin clearly expected her to make a considerable contribution, instructing …
- … He worried that parts of the book were ‘too like a Sermon: who wd ever have thought that I shd. turn …
- … disagreed: ‘Certainly to have you turned Parson will be a change I expect I shall want it enlarging …
- … looking exclusively into his own mind’, and himself, ‘a degraded wretch looking from the outside …
- … side of human descent. On 7 March 1870, Darwin made a note on the shape of human ears: ‘W. has seen …
- … made drawings of ears of monkeys & shortly afterwards he saw a man with tip & instantly …
- … statue of Puck, the mischievous fairy in Shakespeare’s A midsummer night’s dream. Darwin …
- … vol. 16, letter to J. D. Hooker, 26 November [1868] ; this volume, letter to Thomas Woolner, 10 …
- … sketch in Descent , and discussed the ‘tip’ as a rudimentary organ, describing its frequency and …
- … 1: 22-3). Humans as animals: facial muscles A more troubling anatomical feature for …
- … debate over human evolution grew more heated. Alfred Russel Wallace had expressed reservations about …
- … year (see Correspondence vol. 17, letter to A. R. Wallace, 14 April 1869 ). His views were …
- … (in retrograde direction) naturalist’ (letter to A. R.Wallace, 26 January [1870]). …
- … they had in the past to sustain goodwill and mutual respect. Wallace’s new book, titled …
- … When he received the book, Darwin was full of praise for Wallace’s ‘modesty and candour’. ‘I hope it …
- … each other, though in one sense rivals’ ( letter to A. R. Wallace, 20 April [1870] ). Darwin …
Women’s scientific participation
Summary
Observers | Fieldwork | Experimentation | Editors and critics | Assistants Darwin’s correspondence helps bring to light a community of women who participated, often actively and routinely, in the nineteenth-century scientific community. Here is a…
Matches: 24 hits
- … Darwin’s correspondence helps bring to light a community of women who participated, often actively …
- … Women: Letter 1194 - Darwin to Whitby, M. A. T., [12 August 1849] Darwin …
- … home in South Africa. Letter 6736 - Gray, A. & J. L to Darwin, [8 & 9 May …
- … to Darwin’s queries about Expression during a trip to Egypt. Letter 7223 …
- … Letter 5817 - Darwin to Huxley, T. H., [30 January 1868] Darwin asks Thomas Huxley to …
- … Darwin’s niece, Margaret, passes on observations of a crying baby to Darwin's daughter, …
- … of wormholes. Letter 8611 - Cupples, A. J. to Darwin, E., [8 November1872] …
- … [23 April 1874] Thereza Story-Maskelyne responds to a letter of Darwin’s which was …
- … Calcutta. Letter 3634 - Darwin to Gray, A., [1 July 1862] Darwin tells …
- … 6453 - Langton, E. to Wedgwood, S. E., [9 November 1868] Darwin’s nephew, Edmund, …
- … - Langton, E. & C. to Wedgwood S. E., [after 9 November 1868] Darwin’s nephews, Edmund …
- … Letter 1701 - Morris, M. H. to Prior, R. C. A., [17 June 1855] Margaretta Hare Morris …
- … Letter 6139 - Doubleday, H. to Darwin, [22 April 1868] Doubleday responds to Darwin’s …
- … Lychnis diurna. Letter 8168 - Ruck, A. R . to Darwin, H., [20 January 1872] …
- … lawn. Letter 8224 - Darwin to Ruck, A. R., [24 February 1872] Darwin …
- … Letter 1701 - Morris, M. H. to Prior, R. C. A., [17 June 1855] Margaretta Hare Morris …
- … Letter 6046 - Weir, J. J. to Darwin, [24 March 1868] John Weir describes experiments …
- … who conducted numerous experiments for Darwin and Wallace from the comfort of his “ pretty garden …
- … Letter 6139 - Doubleday, H. to Darwin, [22 April 1868] Naturalist Henry Doubleday …
- … Letter 7858 - Darwin to Wa llace, A. R., [12 July 1871] Darwin tells Wallace that …
- … in the editorial process. Letter 9156 - Wallace, A. R . to Darwin, [19 November …
- … Letter 6046 - Weir, J. J. to Darwin, [24 March 1868] John Weir describes experiments …
- … Letter 6066 - Weir, H. W. to Darwin, [28 March 1868] Harrison Weir passes on …
- … Letter 6081 - Darwin to Bowman, W., [2 April 1868] Darwin requests surgeon and …
Species and varieties
Summary
On the origin of species by means of natural selection …so begins the title of Darwin’s most famous book, and the reader would rightly assume that such a thing as ‘species’ must therefore exist and be subject to description. But the title continues, …or…
Matches: 21 hits
- … famous book, and the reader would rightly assume that such a thing as ‘species’ must therefore exist …
- … especially to the modern reader, for whom race carries a different and highly charged meaning. In …
- … used the term here, he simply meant ‘variety’, as in ‘a fast-growing race of wheat’. The question, …
- … of books he wanted to read (DAR 119: 2v), Darwin scribbled a reminder to himself in 1838 to ‘read …
- … ancient’. He never got around to reading Aristotle beyond a few extracts, until shortly before his …
- … to the characterisation of things, and you have, in a nutshell, the two sides of a debate about the …
- … world according to an artificial system; that is, he chose a specific group of structural features …
- … other criteria. He was challenged by others who searched for a more ‘natural’ taxonomy that would …
- … organism. Darwin himself did not set out to be a taxonomist, but in trying to understand some …
- … observation just how much variability often existed within a species. The features he focused on …
- … by the idea that the relations in features reflected a real genealogical relationship over time. In …
- … to describe it scientifically, & yet all the genera have 1/2 a dozen synonyms’ ( letter to H. E …
- … by the shadowy doubt whether this or that form be in essence a species.’ He continued, regarding …
- … of evolution by natural selection over many years and gave a lot of thought to definitions of …
- … some sterility an unfailing test, with others not worth a farthing. It all comes, I believe, from …
- … Hooker, 24 December [1856] ). The idea that sterility was a test of species was firmly held by …
- … argued that the sterility of interspecific hybrids was not a special endowment but was gradually …
- … to effect change. Darwin began to look at sterility from a different perspective. In May 1860, he …
- … selection ( Origin 4th ed., pp. 323–6). However, by 1868, in The variation of animals and …
- … at this time was his discussion of the issue with Alfred Wallace in the spring of 1868. Wallace had …
- … as insoluble’ ( letter from A. R. Wallace, 8 [April] 1868 ). Ultimately, Darwin’s view was …
Darwin in letters, 1858-1859: Origin
Summary
The years 1858 and 1859 were, without doubt, the most momentous of Darwin’s life. From a quiet rural existence filled with steady work on his ‘big book’ on species, he was jolted into action by the arrival of an unexpected letter from Alfred Russel Wallace…
Matches: 24 hits
- … without doubt, the most momentous of Darwin’s life. From a quiet rural existence filled with steady …
- … by the arrival of an unexpected letter from Alfred Russel Wallace. This letter led to the first …
- … and ‘bitter opponents’; compiling corrections for a second and then a third edition of his book; and …
- … that my book w d be successful; but I never even built a castle-in-the air of such success as it …
- … shows that at any one time Darwin was engaged in a number of projects, fitting together the final …
- … the problem of bees The chapter on instinct posed a number of problems for Darwin. ‘I find my …
- … Among these, the cell-making instincts of hive-bees posed a particular challenge to his overall …
- … constructed by hive-bees had long been celebrated as a classic example of divine design in nature. …
- … works. The question was, Do the species of large genera have a higher proportion of distinct …
- … varieties, or as I look at them incipient species ought, as a general rule, to be now forming. Where …
- … in larger genera, but they were not certain. This was a question new to the experts. Darwin was …
- … . condemn all—my life’s work—& that I confess made me a little low—but I c d . have borne it, …
- … breeds of animals have been developed. To this end, in a final experiment with fowls, he attempted …
- … bankiva . Similarly, he asked his son William, as well as a number of foreign correspondents, to …
- … the occurrence of reversion in nature. Alfred Russel Wallace and the rush to publish …
- … by the arrival of the now-famous letter from Alfred Russel Wallace, enclosing an essay in which …
- … in the letter he subsequently wrote to Charles Lyell, as Wallace had requested, informing Lyell of …
- … to Lyell. ‘I never saw a more striking coincidence. if Wallace had my M.S. sketch written out in …
- … Lyell. He simply dated the letter ‘18’ and referred to Wallace’s letter as having been received …
- … H. Lewis McKinney, both of whom believe that Darwin received Wallace’s communication before 18 June. …
- … 1972, pp. 138–40). The cover of the letter to Bates bears Wallace’s direction ‘via Southampton’ and …
- … Ju 3 58’. Brooks maintains that Darwin received Wallace’s letter even earlier, perhaps as …
- … species manuscript and appropriated, without acknowledgment, Wallace’s theory of divergence. Then, …
- … in his two-volume work on Variation published in 1868 but occupies only a few pages in Origin …
Dramatisation script
Summary
Re: Design – Adaptation of the Correspondence of Charles Darwin, Asa Gray and others… by Craig Baxter – as performed 25 March 2007
Matches: 26 hits
- … 2 – Charles Darwin Actor 3 – In the dress of a modern day archivist, this actor uses the …
- … the environment in which the play unfolds and acting as a go-between between Gray and Darwin, and …
- … indicate an edit in the original text not, necessarily, a pause in the delivery of the line. A …
- … Jane the final days of Professor Asa Gray, Harvard Botanist. A series of strokes affect adversely …
- … dinner, though there had seemed some threatening of a cold, but he pronounced himself… GRAY …
- … quick breathing and some listlessness, so that he was nursed a little on Friday… That evening …
- … him on the success of the treatment. There seemed a weakness of the right hand, which, however, …
- … that they may be held theistically… Indeed, I expect that a coming generation will give me the …
- … his Christian belief and Darwin discovers that Alfred Wallace has developed his own strikingly …
- … of the package (an essay from New Guinea from Alfred Russel Wallace) throws Darwin into a fluster. …
- … of last year… / Why I ask this is as follows: Mr Wallace who is now exploring New Guinea, has …
- … will be smashed. … 49 [Yet] there is nothing in Wallace’s sketch which is not written out …
- … that I can do so honourably, 50 knowing that Wallace is in the field…. / It seems hard on …
- … Dr Gray… I shall be glad of your opinion of Darwin and Wallace’s paper. GRAY: 58 …
- … on all hands. DARWIN: 65 My dear [Mr Wallace], I have told [my publisher] Murray …
- … fade. GRAY PAYS DARWIN A VISIT AT DOWN: 1868 In which Gray announces his …
- … apart theologically. GRAY: 175 Summer. 1868. The gist of my present note is to …
- … paragraph, in which I quote and differ from you[r] 178 doctrine that each variation has been …
- … 189 [Jane Gray. Letter to her sister. Fall, 1868.] Mr Darwin [is].. fascinating… [he has] the …
- … THE OLDER ONE GETS THE MORE THERE IS TO DO: 1868-1876 In which the friends consider the …
- … TO JD HOOKER 12 OCTOBER 1849 6 C DARWIN TO R FITZROY, 1 OCTOBER 1846 7 …
- … TO A GRAY, 27 NOVEMBER 1859 65 C DARWIN TO A WALLACE, 13 NOVEMBER 1859 66 …
- … 24 JULY 1865 175 A GRAY TO RW CHURCH, 22 JUNE 1868 176 TO A GRAY 15 AUGUST …
- … TO A GRAY 15 APRIL 1867 180 TO A GRAY 8 MAY 1868 181 FROM A GRAY 25 MAY …
- … TIME 189 JANE LORING GRAY, LETTER TO HER SISTER, 1868 or 1869 190 C DARWIN …
- … A GRAY 9 AUGUST 1876 194 FROM A GRAY 25 MAY 1868 195 A GRAY TO JD HOOKER …
Darwin in letters, 1876: In the midst of life
Summary
1876 was the year in which the Darwins became grandparents for the first time. And tragically lost their daughter-in-law, Amy, who died just days after her son's birth. All the letters from 1876 are now published in volume 24 of The Correspondence…
Matches: 20 hits
- … and cosseting regarding the ailments that were so much a feature of Darwin family life. But the calm …
- … by anxiety and deep grief. In May, William Darwin suffered a serious concussion from a riding …
- … Cross and self fertilisation , that the family suffered a devastating loss. The Darwins must have …
- … expected in September. Their joy at the safe delivery of a healthy boy was soon replaced by anguish …
- … death. For once, the labour of checking proofs proved a blessing, as Darwin sought solace for the …
- … his anxiety about Francis. By the end of the year there was a different order at Down House with …
- … Year's resolutions Darwin began the year by making a resolution. He would in future …
- … Origin for the very last time, and made minor changes to a reprint of the second edition of …
- … voyage, Volcanic islands and South America , in a new single-volume edition titled …
- … was nevertheless ‘firmly resolved not even to look at a single proof ’. Perhaps Carus’s meticulous …
- … to Asa Gray, 28 January 1876). Revising Orchids was less a return to old work than part of the …
- … Autobiography’ (‘Journal’ (Appendix II)). During a two-week holiday after finishing Cross and self …
- … the development of his mind and character, although this was a private document intended in the …
- … in the Vegetable Kingdom”. ... I hope also to republish a revised edition of my book on Orchids, …
- … wrote with the good news that he could restore Darwin to a religious life. This transformation would …
- … without the least foundation’, Darwin told Alfred Russel Wallace on 17 June . It was the still …
- … to canvass fellows of the society to support Lankester at a second election ( Correspondence vol. …
- … the ‘utter disgrace’ of blackballing so distinguished a zoologist ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 29 …
- … expressed in the pangenesis hypothesis, first published in 1868 ( Variation 2: 357–404). Others …
- … was the criterion for a physiological species. Alfred Russel Wallace was not convinced. ‘I am afraid …
Have you read the one about....
Summary
... the atheistical cats, or the old fogies in Cambridge? We've suggested a few - some funny, some serious - but all letters you can read here.
Matches: 1 hits
- … cats, or the old fogies in Cambridge? We've suggested a few - some funny, some serious - but …
Natural Science and Femininity
Summary
Discussion Questions|Letters A conflation of masculine intellect and feminine thoughts, habits and feelings, male naturalists like Darwin inhabited an uncertain gendered identity. Working from the private domestic comfort of their homes and exercising…
Matches: 16 hits
- … Discussion Questions | Letters A conflation of masculine intellect and feminine …
- … Letters Letter 109 - Wedgwood, J. to Darwin, R. W., [31 August 1831] Darwin …
- … on his return. Letter 158 - Darwin to Darwin, R. W., [8 & 26 February & 1 March …
- … first part of his Beagle voyage. Darwin explains that, as a Naturalist, his time is dedicated to …
- … are as alike “as two peas” and his work fits neatly into a broader domestic routine made up of meals …
- … in Expression and in an 1877 article titled, ‘ A Biographical Sketch of an Infant ’. …
- … had gathered and brought into the house immediately after a rain storm. Here, Darwin’s scientific …
- … family life. Letter 4377 - Haeckel, E. P. A. to Darwin, [2 January 1864] …
- … March 1864] Darwin thanks Hooker for posting to him a number of plants to aid his work on …
- … work, engage in the “struggle for life” and become “a useful self-supporting” member of the public …
- … believes that Scott ought to engage in drudgery “like a man” and “occupy the rest of his time with …
- … to be able to do pure science on half his income but he has a duty to the public to contribute more …
- … his son, George. While scientific work might possibly help a young barrister, being a fellow of …
- … Letter 6046 - Weir, J. J. to Darwin, [24 March 1868] John Weir describes experiments he …
- … Letter 6139 - Doubleday, H. to Darwin, [22 April 1868] Doubleday details his experiments …
- … Letter 6453 - Langton, E. to Wedgwood, S. E., [9 November 1868] Darwin’s nephew, Edmund, …
Darwin in letters, 1856-1857: the 'Big Book'
Summary
In May 1856, Darwin began writing up his 'species sketch’ in earnest. During this period, his working life was completely dominated by the preparation of his 'Big Book', which was to be called Natural selection. Using letters are the main…
Matches: 17 hits
- … this manuscript. Although advised by Lyell to publish only a brief outline—probably more for the …
- … was reluctant to squeeze his expansive material into such a small compass and soon abandoned Lyell’s …
- … quantities of information, pursuing his own experiments in a variety of different areas, analysing …
- … still felt cautious in expressing his views before a large scientific audience and anxious to ensure …
- … valued the views of Thomas Henry Huxley, at that time a somewhat precariously placed lecturer and …
- … The variation of animals and plants under domestication (1868) and that it was destroyed or lost …
- … and this, since it was composed so many years later, is not a safe guide to his pre- Origin …
- … plants to be more hairy than their lowland relatives. But a last-minute check with Hooker revealed …
- … but all they actually showed was the self-evident fact that a large genus was more likely to contain …
- … among marine invertebrates. His request led Huxley to make a note for future reference, ‘Darwin, an …
- … also encouraged him to predict that trees would tend to show a separation of the sexes, a proposal …
- … Darwin carried out his researches with relish and published a short notice about the problem in …
- … (see Correspondence vol. 3), he had begun in 1855 a series of researches designed to explain how …
- … was the series of experiments begun in 1855 based on soaking a wide variety of seeds in salt water …
- … experiments. Franky said to me, “why sh d not a bird be killed (by hawk, lightning, apoplexy, …
- … He felt that the mud on birds’ feet probably had a role to play in the distribution of seeds and …
- … the surviving correspondence that Darwin initially wrote to Wallace in order to obtain specimens of …
Before Origin: the ‘big book’
Summary
Darwin began ‘sorting notes for Species Theory’ on 9 September 1854, the very day he concluded his eight-year study of barnacles (Darwin's Journal). He had long considered the question of species. In 1842, he outlined a theory of transmutation in a…
Matches: 25 hits
- … considered the question of species. In 1842, he outlined a theory of transmutation in a short pencil …
- … was ‘almost convinced’ that species were not immutable—a view so controversial that it was, he …
- … & on the question of what are species’, and possessed ‘a grand body of facts’ from which he …
- … Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation caused a publishing sensation in October 1844, the …
- … contained several points that challenged his theory. ‘ In a year or two’s time, when I shall be at …
- … & comparing them, in order in some 2 or 3 years to write a book with all the facts & …
- … he anticipated, would provide ‘no amusement’ and be a ‘ horrid bore ’. Contrary to Darwin’s …
- … proved enjoyable and enlightening , and the birds were a delight to his young daughter …
- … as Darwin began his pigeon breeding programme, he started a series of ‘seed-salting experiments’ to …
- … expertise, Darwin inquired: ‘ will you tell me at a guess how long an immersion in sea-water …
- … expressed his satisfaction that the naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace, who was collecting in the …
- … theoretical ideas’. ‘I am a firm believer’, he told Wallace, ‘ that without speculation there is no …
- … establishment in Surrey. While there, he wrote to Wallace. Praising Wallace’s 1855 article on …
- … his own work on species was finished he might benefit from Wallace’s ‘large harvest of facts’ from …
- … do species & varieties differ from each other’, he told Wallace in May 1857, before stating ‘ I …
- … I do not suppose I shall go to press for two years. ’ Wallace was intrigued as to whether …
- … was to be tried far more sorely in the following month. Wallace, who had continued to pursue his …
- … On 18 June 1858, Darwin received a now lost letter from Wallace enclosing his essay titled on ' …
- … told Lyell, ‘ I never saw a more striking coincidence. if Wallace had my M.S. sketch written out in …
- … to publish any sketch, can I do so honourably because Wallace has sent me an outline of his doctrine …
- … accepted Lyell and Hooker’s suggestion that they submit Wallace’s essay together with extracts from …
- … than satisfied at what took place at Linn. Soc y ’. Wallace, however, did not hear about any of …
- … been equally pleased. Writing to his mother in October 1858, Wallace stated ‘I sent Mr. Darwin an …
- … Darwin had published Variation under domestication in 1868 , which was based on the first two …
- … and a half chapters were edited and published in 1975 by R. C. Stauffer under the title Charles …
Darwin in letters, 1864: Failing health
Summary
On receiving a photograph from Charles Darwin, the American botanist Asa Gray wrote on 11 July 1864: ‘the venerable beard gives the look of your having suffered, and … of having grown older’. Because of poor health, Because of poor health, Darwin…
Matches: 26 hits
- … On receiving a photograph from Charles Darwin, the American botanist Asa Gray wrote on 11 …
- … of dimorphic plants with William’s help; he also ordered a selection of new climbing plants for his …
- … physician-in-ordinary to Queen Victoria. Jenner prescribed a variety of antacids and purgatives, and …
- … of the five physicians Darwin had consulted in 1863. In a letter of 26[–7] March [1864] , Darwin …
- … continued throughout the summer. When he finished a preliminary draft of his paper on climbing …
- … and he received more letters of advice from Jenner. In a letter of 15 December [1864] to the …
- … As Darwin explained to his cousin William Darwin Fox in a letter of 30 November [1864] , ‘the …
- … arose over the grounds on which it was conferred, brought a dramatic conclusion to the year. Darwin …
- … his observations indoors ( Correspondence vol. 11). In a letter of [27 January 1864] , Darwin …
- … However, the queries that Darwin, describing himself as ‘a broken-down brother-naturalist’, sent to …
- … for another specimen: ‘I want it fearfully for it is a leaf climber & therefore sacred’ ( …
- … transitional forms. Darwin came to think, for example, that a leaf, while still serving the …
- … eventually aborting to form true tendrils. After observing a variety of climbing plants, he argued …
- … we may conclude that L. nissolia is the result of a long series of changes . . .’ When he told …
- … of the paper, he noted: ‘I have been pleased to find what a capital guide for observation, a full …
- … dimorphic Primula and Linum species, that when a short-styled plant with long stamens was …
- … oxlip ( P. elatior ), and published his results in an 1868 article (‘Illegitimate offspring of …
- … 5 September 1864 ). Fritz Müeller sent his book, Für Darwin , and Darwin had it translated by a …
- … the slavery practised in North America. Alfred Russel Wallace Unlike in the preceding …
- … with very little commentary. However, when Alfred Russel Wallace sent him a copy of his recently …
- … Some other readers were also aware of the significance of Wallace’s paper as the first published …
- … to J. D. Hooker, 22 [May 1864] ). He added that he wished Wallace had written Lyell’s section on …
- … the question of human origins ( Correspondence vol. 11). Wallace, however, traced a possible path …
- … by natural selection in humans, was new to Darwin. Wallace’s paper dealt not only with human …
- … that Darwin, who later endorsed monogenism, supported Wallace’s attempt to mediate in the …
- … on intellectual & moral qualities’ ( letter to A. R. Wallace, 28 [May 1864] ). …
