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Darwin Correspondence Project
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From Charles and Emma Darwin to J. D. Hooker   [10 July 1865]

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Summary

Health very bad. All scientific work stopped for 2½ months.

E. B. Tylor’s Early history of mankind [1865] impresses him.

Would like JDH’s opinion of last number of Spencer’s [Principles of] Biology [vol. 1 (1864)], especially on umbellifers. CD not satisfied with Spencer’s views on irregular flowers.

ED reports on CD’s health.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin; Emma Wedgwood; Emma Darwin
Addressee:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:  [10 July 1865]
Classmark:  DAR 115: 272
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4868

To T. H. Huxley   12 July [1865]

Summary

Thanks THH for reading Pangenesis MS. Will read Buffon and Bonnet (as he does not want to republish their views) and will try to persuade himself not to publish.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Thomas Henry Huxley
Date:  12 July [1865]
Classmark:  Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine Archives (Huxley 5: 219)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4870

From M. T. Masters   12 July 1865

Summary

Will forward Robert Caspary’s paper to CD when it is published ["Sur les hybrides obtenus par la greffe", Bull. Congr. Int. Bot. & Hortic. Amsterdam (1865): 65–80].

MTM is to become editor of Gardeners’ Chronicle.

Author:  Maxwell Tylden Masters
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  12 July 1865
Classmark:  DAR 171: 72
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4871

To T. H. Huxley   [17 July 1865]

Summary

Has read Buffon; whole pages are like his own. But CD is not converted to non-belief. There is a fundamental distinction between Pangenesis and Buffon. Fears he may not resist publishing it, but will be cautious.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Thomas Henry Huxley
Date:  [17 July 1865]
Classmark:  Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine Archives (Huxley 5: 221)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4872

From J. D. Hooker   13 July 1865

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Summary

Studying moraines.

On Lubbock’s book [see 4860], and Lyell’s apology. Recapitulates whole affair.

W. E. H. Lecky [Rise of rationalism in Europe (1865)] and other reading.

Spencer’s observations are wrong on umbellifers, his reasoning partially right.

Natural History Review is all but defunct.

Author:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  13 July 1865
Classmark:  DAR 102: 30–3
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4873

From W. E. Darwin   [14 July 1865]

Summary

Wants to borrow money to buy stock in the bridge over the Itchen.

Author:  William Erasmus Darwin
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  [14 July 1865]
Classmark:  Cornford Family Papers (DAR 275: 21)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4873F

To J. D. Hooker   [29 July 1865]

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Summary

Was glad to read JDH’s article on glaciers of Yorkshire ["Moraines of the Tees Valley", Reader 6 (1865): 70].

Reader article [6 (1865): 61–2] about English and foreign men of science is unjust.

Lubbock is now lost to science.

B. Verlot’s pamphlet on variations of flowers [Sur la production et la fixation des variétés dans les plantes d’ornement (1865)] is very good.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:  [29 July 1865]
Classmark:  DAR 115: 273
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4874

From T. H. Huxley   16 July 1865

Summary

Did not intend to persuade CD against publishing Pangenesis. Will not take the responsibility, nor risk being made a horrible example 50 years hence.

Author:  Thomas Henry Huxley
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  16 July 1865
Classmark:  DAR 166: 309
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4875

From John Scott   21 July 1865

Summary

JS has now taken post of Curator of the Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta.

Wishes to vindicate himself of the charge that he pursued his experiments at Edinburgh to the detriment of his work.

Apologises for poor quality of his Verbascum paper, which was written from his notes during the passage to India [J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 36 (1865) pt 2: 145–74].

Author:  John Scott
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  21 July 1865
Classmark:  DAR 109: B120a–b
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4876

From Asa Gray   24 July 1865

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Summary

Is reading CD’s "Climbing plants".

The Civil War is ended; slavery is dead.

Author:  Asa Gray
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  24 July 1865
Classmark:  DAR 165: 148
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4877

To William Bowman   30 July [1865?]

Summary

Thanks WB for his note, states that it will be taken care of on the publication of CD’s book [Variation].

Mentions loss of many months owing to illness.

Thanks WB for favour to CD’s son.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  William Bowman, 1st baronet
Date:  30 July [1865?]
Classmark:  American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.301)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4878

From Frances Harriet Hooker   [27 January 1865]

Summary

J. D. Hooker will not be able to visit CD because of ill health.

Author:  Frances Harriet Henslow; Frances Harriet Hooker
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  [27 Jan 1865]
Classmark:  DAR 104: 231–2
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4879

To Fritz Müller   10 August [1865]

Summary

Has read and admires FM’s work on species.

Observations on Crustacea are good and original; asks FM to dissect and check some of CD’s observations on cirripedes.

Has sent "Climbing plants" paper [J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond. 9 (1865): 1–118] and would like to send Orchids.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Johann Friedrich Theodor (Fritz) Müller
Date:  10 Aug [1865]
Classmark:  The British Library (Loan MS 10 no 1)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4881

From Fritz Müller   12 August 1865

Summary

Thanks CD for his paper on climbing plants. Lists the many genera that he has found in his area in a short period since reading CD’s paper. [See 4881.]

Author:  Johann Friedrich Theodor (Fritz) Müller
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  12 Aug 1865
Classmark:  Möller ed. 1915–21, 2: 72–3.
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4881A

From Fritz Müller   [12 and 31 August, and 10 October 1865]

Summary

FM’s comments on Climbing Plants.

Author:  Johann Friedrich Theodor (Fritz) Müller
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  12 and 31 Aug 1865 and 10 Oct 1865
Classmark:  Notes on some of the climbing-plants near Desterro, in South Brazil. By Herr Fritz Müller, in a letter to C. Darwin. [Read 7 December 1865.] Journal of the Linnean Society (Botany) 9 (1866): 344–9.
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4881F

To Asa Gray   15 August [1865]

Summary

Gratified by AG’s praise of "Climbing plants".

Thanks for Specularia seed.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Asa Gray
Date:  15 Aug [1865]
Classmark:  Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (87)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4882

From F. H. Hooker   [17 August 1865]

Summary

J. D. Hooker is ill with rheumatic fever.

W. J. Hooker is dead and was buried yesterday.

Author:  Frances Harriet Henslow; Frances Harriet Hooker
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  [17 Aug 1865]
Classmark:  DAR 104: 233–4
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4883

To J. D. Hooker   16 August [1865]

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Summary

Condolences on W. J. Hooker’s death [12 Aug 1865].

His own health is bad.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:  16 Aug [1865]
Classmark:  DAR 115: 274
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4884

From E. A. Darwin   24 August [1865]

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Summary

Sends an allotment of shares which he presumes are Emma’s.

Author:  Erasmus Alvey Darwin
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  24 Aug [1865]
Classmark:  DAR 105: B36
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4885

From Fritz Müller   31 August 1865

Summary

Hopes CD has received his letter of 12 August.

Sends some new observations on climbing plants. [The observations are part of "Notes on some of the climbing-plants, near Desterro, in South Brazil", J. Linn. Soc. (Bot.) 9 (1867): 344–9.]

Author:  Johann Friedrich Theodor (Fritz) Müller
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  31 Aug 1865
Classmark:  Möller ed. 1915–21, 2: 73–4.
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4885A
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Darwin in letters, 1865: Delays and disappointments

Summary

The year was marked by three deaths of personal significance to Darwin: Hugh Falconer, a friend and supporter; Robert FitzRoy, captain of the Beagle; and William Jackson Hooker, director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and father of Darwin’s friend…

Matches: 29 hits

  • … In 1865, the chief work on Charles Darwin’s mind was the writing of  The …
  • … However, several smaller projects came to fruition in 1865, including the publication of his long …
  • … of Hugh Falconer Darwin’s first letter to Hooker of 1865 suggests that the family had had a …
  • … the house jolly’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 7 January [1865] ). Darwin was ready to submit his …
  • … letter from Hugh Falconer to Erasmus Alvey Darwin, 3 January 1865 ). Erasmus forwarded his letters …
  • … laboured in vain’ ( letter to Hugh Falconer, 6 January [1865] ). Sic transit gloria …
  • … the world goes.—’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 2 February [1865] ). However, Hooker, at the time …
  • … are unalloyed’ ( letter from J. D. Hooker, 3 February 1865 ). Darwin, now ‘haunted’ by …
  • … with a vengeance’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 9 February [1865] ). Continuing ill-health …
  • … to try anyone’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 7 January [1865] ). He particularly hated being ill …
  • … of life. He wrote to Charles Lyell on 22 January [1865] , ‘unfortunately reading makes my head …
  • … it up by early July ( see letter to J. D. Hooker, [10 July 1865] ). In July, he consulted …
  • … bread & meat’ ( letter to Asa Gray, 15 August [1865] ). By October, Darwin thought he might be …
  • … to Jones’s diet ( see letter to T. H. Huxley, 4 October [1865] ). It was not until December, …
  • … hour on most days’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 22 December [1865] ). Delays and …
  • … last & concluding one’ ( letter to John Murray, 31 March [1865] ). In April he authorised …
  • … press in the autumn’ ( letter to John Murray, 4 April [1865] ). In early June, he wrote to Murray …
  • … when I can do anything’ ( letter to John Murray, 2 June [1865] ). It was not until 25 December …
  • … of the woodcuts ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 7 January [1865] ). After sending the manuscript to the …
  • … like tartar emetic’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 19 January [1865] ). An abstract of the paper …
  • … for it is your child’ ( letter to Asa Gray, 19 April 1865 ; Darwin noted at the beginning of …
  • … the Linnean Society ( letter to [Richard Kippist], 4 June [1865] ). The paper was published in a …
  • … German, he had it translated, and wrote to Müller in August 1865 that he had just finished hearing …
  • … letter from Fritz Müller, [12 and 31 August, and 10 October 1865] ; since it is impossible to …
  • … clearly understand (l etter to Daniel Oliver, 20 October [1865] ). Darwin was particularly …
  • … scientific work’ ( letter to Fritz Müller, 20 September [1865] ), he clearly read Müller’s letters …
  • … from sea-sickness ( letter from John Scott, 21 July 1865 ). This may have been unwise: Thomas …
  • … & ability’ ( letter from J. D. Hooker, [10 March 1865] ). Scott took these criticisms, no …
  • … again when he had time ( letter from John Scott, 21 July 1865 ); at the time of writing, he had …

Darwin's notes for his physician, 1865

Summary

On 20 May 1865, Emma Darwin recorded in her diary that John Chapman, a prominent London publisher who had studied medicine in London and Paris in the early 1840s, visited Down to consult with Darwin about his ill health. In 1863 Chapman started to treat…

Matches: 5 hits

  • … On 20 May 1865, Emma Darwin recorded in her diary that John Chapman, a prominent London …
  • … Darwin wrote that he fell ill again on 22 April 1865 and was unable to ‘do anything.’  Emma Darwin’s …
  • … hand). Darwin began the ice treatment on 20 May 1865. In his letter to Chapman of 7 June 1865
  • … from Charles and Emma Darwin to J. D. Hooker, [10 July 1865]). Darwin’s condition had been …
  • … and George Busk (see letter to J. D. Hooker, [7 January 1865], and letter from George Busk, 28 April …

Prize possessions: To Henry Denny, 17 January [1865]

Summary

Between 1980 and 2018, I was honorary curator of the Alfred Denny Museum of Zoology in the University of Sheffield. One of our prize possessions was a letter from Darwin to Henry Denny, then curator and assistant secretary of the Literary and Philosophical…

Matches: 3 hits

  • … in the early 1900s. In his letter, 17 January 1865 , Darwin asked Denny about the …
  • … was in fact two letters. The second one dated 28 January 1865 . After joining the Advisory …
  • … intervening letter from Denny to Darwin, dated 23 January 1865 . While not of huge …

The Lyell–Lubbock dispute

Summary

In May 1865 a dispute arose between John Lubbock and Charles Lyell when Lubbock, in his book Prehistoric times, accused Lyell of plagiarism. The dispute caused great dismay among many of their mutual scientific friends, some of whom took immediate action…

Matches: 22 hits

  • … In May 1865 a dispute arose between John Lubbock and Charles Lyell when Lubbock, in …
  • … basis of Lubbock’s book, Prehistoric times (Lubbock 1865).  By 1860, Lyell had begun work …
  • … material available pertaining to the antiquity of humans. In 1865, he wrote that the section on …
  • … not pursue any grievance against Lyell until the spring of 1865. 13  In the course of …
  • … C. Lyell 1863c and Lubbock 1861 (and consequently in Lubbock 1865), combined with the wording of …
  • … between the end of February and the beginning of March 1865, Lubbock wrote the note which would …
  • … received a copy of Lubbock’s book, published in mid-May 1865, he immediately wrote to express his …
  • … Ramsay in a note to an article published in the April 1865 issue of the Philosophical Magazine . …
  • … thought of the affair ( letter from J. D. Hooker, [2 June 1865] ). Hooker, for his part, could see …
  • … for Lubbock’s book ( letter to J. D. Hooker, [4 June 1865] ). A week later he sent Lubbock a …
  • … the note in the preface (letter to John Lubbock, 11 June [1865] ). No correspondence with Lyell …
  • … him for an opinion ( letter from J. D. Hooker, 13 July 1865 ), Darwin wrote back ( letter to J. D …
  • … and Lubbock had no direct communication after the end of May 1865, each appealing to friends to …
  • … Thus, in print-runs after the end of June 1865, Lubbock had cancelled his note at the end of the …
  • … of both interested parties. Only one known review of Lubbock 1865 draws attention to Lubbock’s note; …
  • … situation was succinct. In his letter to Hooker of [4 June 1865] he warned that no one could do …
  • … (C. Lyell 1863c; see letter from J. D. Hooker, [15 June 1865] and n. 13). The third edition had …
  • … vii–ix (revised version of last section, printed in August 1865, but dated 1863 on the title page) …
  • … of the ‘ Elements of geology ’ 34 [C. Lyell 1865], and the printed proofs were transferred …
  • … (see enclosure to letter from J. D. Hooker, [15 June 1865] ). Later, Lubbock claimed that he had …
  • … the note which appeared at the end of the preface to Lubbock 1865. He told Hooker, ‘I did not trust …
  • … ours’ (letter from John Lubbock to J. D. Hooker, 23 June 1865, in Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, …

How to manage it: To J. D. Hooker, [17 June 1865]

Summary

Sometimes, what stands out in a Darwin letter is not what is in it, but what is left out or just implied because the recipient would have known what Darwin was referring to. It is frustrating to spend hours looking but fail to identify something mentioned…

Matches: 4 hits

  • … found in a relatively short letter written by Darwin in June 1865 to his close friend Joseph …
  • … this letter was a reply ( From J. D. Hooker, [15 June 1865] ), but there was no mention of any …
  • … Indian mutiny. At least three novels had been written around 1865. Suddenly, ‘How to’ made sense:  …
  • … a favourable review in the  Athenæum  in January 1865. It had all the criteria for a novel Darwin …

Inheritance

Summary

It was crucial to Darwin’s theories of species change that naturally occurring variations could be inherited.  But at the time when he wrote Origin, he had no explanation for how inheritance worked – it was just obvious that it did.  Darwin’s attempt to…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … example of in that way. ( T. H. Huxley, 16 July 1865 ). 'Your last note& …
  • … make widely opposite remarks.' ( to T. H. Huxley, [17 July 1865] ). He was forced to confess …

Darwin's health

Summary

On 28 March 1849, ten years before Origin was published, Darwin wrote to his good friend Joseph Hooker from Great Malvern in Worcestershire, where Dr James Manby Gully ran a fashionable water-cure establishment. Darwin apologised for his delayed reply to…

Matches: 4 hits

  • … regular attacks had occurred again in the last week of April 1865, and the third week of May, just …
  • … threw up food.  In his letter to Chapman of 16 May [1865] , Darwin stated that his sickness was …
  • … Darwin’s diary (DAR 242) on several occasions in 1864 and 1865. ‘Bad hysteria & sickness’ were …
  • … difficulties reading, see letters to J. D. Hooker, 1 June [1865] and 27 [or 28 September 1865] …

George Busk

Summary

After the Beagle voyage, Darwin’s collection of bryozoans disappears from the records until the material was sent, in 1852, for study by George Busk, one of the foremost workers on the group of his day. In 1863, on the way down to Malvern Wells, Darwin had…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … and Lady Lyell ( letter from J. D. Hooker [2 June 1865] ).    …

3.10 Ernest Edwards, 'Men of Eminence'

Summary

< Back to Introduction In 1865 Darwin was invited to feature in another series of published photographs, Portraits of Men of Eminence in Literature, Science and Art, with Biographical Memoirs . . . The Photographs from Life by Ernest Edwards, B.A.…

Matches: 9 hits

  • … < Back to Introduction In 1865 Darwin was invited to feature in another series of …
  • … had been launched by Lovell Augustus Reeve in 1863, but by 1865 Edward Walford had taken over as …
  • … Darwin wrote to Walford, probably in the spring of 1865, to say, ‘I should of course be proud to be …
  • … more than one sitting seems to have taken place, in November 1865 and April 1866. Darwin’s account …
  • … true Philosopher’. The beard that Darwin had grown by 1865–1866 helped to enhance this …
  • … public image – wrote to Emma, apparently in late November 1865, to say that he was waiting for a …
  • … which derived from the three-quarter view photograph of 1865–1866 mentioned above (see separate …
  • … of image Ernest Edwards 
 date of creation 1865–1866 
 computer-readable date …
  • … Letter from Darwin to Edward Walford, 22 [Jan. – April 1865?], (DCP-LETT-5508).  Letter from Erasmus …

Fake Darwin: myths and misconceptions

Summary

Many myths have persisted about Darwin's life and work. Here are a few of the more pervasive ones, with full debunking below...

Matches: 1 hits

  • … Many myths have persisted about Darwin's life and work. Here are a few of the more pervasive ones, …

Evolution: Selected Letters of Charles Darwin 1860-1870

Summary

This selection of Charles Darwin’s letters includes correspondence with his friends and scientific colleagues around the world; letters by the critics who tried to stamp out his ideas, and by admirers who helped them to spread. It takes up the story of…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … Darwin to Hooker (on hearing of Robert FitzRoy’s suicide), 1865. As you are now so …

Referencing women’s work

Summary

Darwin's correspondence shows that women made significant contributions to Darwin's work, but whether and how they were acknowledged in print involved complex considerations of social standing, professional standing, and personal preference.…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … Letter 4370 - Wedgwood, L. C. to Darwin, [April - May 1865] Darwin’s niece, Lucy, …
  • … Letter 4794 - Darwin to Lyell, C., [25 March 1865] Darwin asks Charles Lyell for …

Darwin on race and gender

Summary

Darwin’s views on race and gender are intertwined, and mingled also with those of class. In Descent of man, he tried to explain the origin of human races, and many of the differences between the sexes, with a single theory: sexual selection. Sexual…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … [1862] Letter from F. W. Farrar, 6 November 1865 Letter to J. P. M. Weale, 27 …
  • … the making of the colonial order in the Eastern Cape, 1770–1865 . Cambridge: Cambridge University …

Religion

Summary

Design|Personal Belief|Beauty|The Church Perhaps the most notorious realm of controversy over evolution in Darwin's day was religion. The same can be said of the evolution controversy today; however the nature of the disputes and the manner in…

Matches: 3 hits

  • … Letter 4752 — Darwin, C. R. to Lyell, Charles, 22 Jan [1865] Darwin writes to King's …
  • … Letter 4939 — Shaw, James to Darwin, C. R., 20 Nov 1865 Scottish school teacher and writer …
  • … Letter 4943 — Darwin, C. R. to Shaw, James, 30 Nov 1865 Darwin writes to James Shaw. He is …

Women’s scientific participation

Summary

Observers | Fieldwork | Experimentation | Editors and critics | Assistants Darwin’s correspondence helps bring to light a community of women who participated, often actively and routinely, in the nineteenth-century scientific community. Here is a…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … Letter 4823  - Wedgwood, L. C. to Darwin, H. E., [May 1865] Darwin’s niece, Lucy, …
  • … Letter 4928  - Henslow, G. to Darwin, [11 November 1865] J. S. Henslow’s son, George, …

Darwin in letters, 1867: A civilised dispute

Summary

Charles Darwin’s major achievement in 1867 was the completion of his large work, The variation of animals and plants under domestication (Variation). The importance of Darwin’s network of correspondents becomes vividly apparent in his work on expression in…

Matches: 4 hits

  • … started in January 1860, and advertised in the press since 1865 with the unwieldy title, …
  • … apparently discussing it or showing it to anyone until 1865, when he sent a version of it to Huxley, …
  • … a book based on a series of articles that had appeared in 1865. In it he challenged aspects of …
  • …  vol. 13, letter to J. D. Hooker, 9 February [1865] and n. 4). Darwin’s wife and children also …

3.5 William Darwin, photo 2

Summary

< Back to Introduction Darwin’s son William, who had become a banker in Southampton, took the opportunity of a short visit home to Down House in April 1864 to photograph his father afresh. This half-length portrait was the first to show Darwin with a…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … (DCP-LETT-4707); Naudin’s gushing acknowledgement, 18 June 1865 (DCP-LETT-4863). Letter from …

Science: A Man’s World?

Summary

Discussion Questions|Letters Darwin's correspondence show that many nineteenth-century women participated in the world of science, be it as experimenters, observers, editors, critics, producers, or consumers. Despite this, much of the…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … Letter 4940 - Cresy, E. to Darwin, E., [20 November 1865] Edward Cresy Jnr. seeks Darwin …

The evolution of honeycomb

Summary

Honeycombs are natural engineering marvels, using the least possible amount of wax to provide the greatest amount of storage space, with the greatest possible structural stability. Darwin recognised that explaining the evolution of the honey-bee’s comb…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … precise measurement was bought to bear, a myth. In 1865, Darwin received a letter from Edward …

Race, Civilization, and Progress

Summary

Darwin's first reflections on human progress were prompted by his experiences in the slave-owning colony of Brazil, and by his encounters with the Yahgan peoples of Tierra del Fuego. Harsh conditions, privation, poor climate, bondage and servitude,…

Matches: 3 hits

  • … Letter 4933 : Farrar, F. W. to Darwin, 6 November 1865 "so far as I can see, History, …
  • … Darwinonline ] John Lubbock, Pre-Historic Times (1865) [ available at archive.org ] …
  • … ] T. H. Huxley, "Methods and Results of Ethnology" (1865) [ available at archive …
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