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Darwin in letters, 1863: Quarrels at home, honours abroad
Summary
At the start of 1863, Charles Darwin was actively working on the manuscript of The variation of animals and plants under domestication, anticipating with excitement the construction of a hothouse to accommodate his increasingly varied botanical experiments…
Matches: 20 hits
- … At the start of 1863, Charles Darwin was actively working on the manuscript of The variation …
- … , anticipating with excitement the construction of a hothouse to accommodate his increasingly varied …
- … & must write briefly’ ( letter to John Scott, 31 May [1863] ), and in a letter of 23 [June …
- … when he and his family departed on 2 September for more than a month at a hydropathic establishment …
- … of man and his history' The first five months of 1863 contain the bulk of the …
- … Evidence as to man’s place in nature both had a direct bearing on Darwin’s species theory and on …
- … from ‘some Quadrumanum animal’, as he put it in a letter to J. D. Hooker of 24[–5] February [1863] …
- … anything grander’ ( letter to T. H. Huxley, 26 [February 1863] ). In the same letter, he gave his …
- … theory led him, after some consideration, to briefly play a public role in the controversies that …
- … had been rapidly accumulating. Lyell’s argument for a greater human antiquity than was commonly …
- … from an ape-like animal, while dating human origins to a time far earlier than that decreed by …
- … origins was further increased by the discovery in March 1863 of the Moulin-Quignon jaw, the first …
- … bear ( see letter from Jacques Boucher de Perthes, 23 June 1863 ). Although English experts …
- … letters to Lyell discussing Antiquity , Darwin made a list of criticisms, including the objection …
- … made him ‘groan’ ( letter to Charles Lyell, 6 March [1863] ). Darwin reiterated in a later letter …
- … separately created’ ( letter to Charles Lyell, 17 March [1863] ). Public perceptions of creation, …
- … said a word ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 24[–5] February [1863] ). Darwin did not relish …
- … guide & master’ ( letter to Charles Lyell, 6 March [1863] ). Nevertheless, Darwin’s regret was …
- … species change ( letter from Charles Lyell, 11 March 1863 ). The botanist Asa Gray, Darwin’s …
- … very slowly recovering, but am very weak’ ( letter to A. R. Wallace, [29 September? 1863] ). …
Women’s scientific participation
Summary
Observers | Fieldwork | Experimentation | Editors and critics | Assistants Darwin’s correspondence helps bring to light a community of women who participated, often actively and routinely, in the nineteenth-century scientific community. Here is a…
Matches: 27 hits
- … Darwin’s correspondence helps bring to light a community of women who participated, often actively …
- … Women: Letter 1194 - Darwin to Whitby, M. A. T., [12 August 1849] Darwin …
- … Letter 4258 - Becker, L. E. to Darwin, [31 July 1863] Lydia Becker details her …
- … home in South Africa. Letter 6736 - Gray, A. & J. L to Darwin, [8 & 9 May …
- … to Darwin’s queries about Expression during a trip to Egypt. Letter 7223 …
- … January 1868] Darwin asks Thomas Huxley to pass on a questionnaire to his wife, Henrietta. …
- … Darwin’s niece, Margaret, passes on observations of a crying baby to Darwin's daughter, …
- … of wormholes. Letter 8611 - Cupples, A. J. to Darwin, E., [8 November1872] …
- … [23 April 1874] Thereza Story-Maskelyne responds to a letter of Darwin’s which was …
- … Calcutta. Letter 3634 - Darwin to Gray, A., [1 July 1862] Darwin tells …
- … Letter 4242 - Hildebrand, F. H. G. to Darwin, [16 July 1863] Hildebrand writes to …
- … on orchids and passes on their observations contained in “a little treatise”. Letter 4436 …
- … Letter 1701 - Morris, M. H. to Prior, R. C. A., [17 June 1855] Margaretta Hare Morris …
- … Letter 4235 - Becker, L. E. to Darwin, [8 July 1863] Lydia Becker sends Darwin a …
- … Lychnis diurna. Letter 8168 - Ruck, A. R . to Darwin, H., [20 January 1872] …
- … lawn. Letter 8224 - Darwin to Ruck, A. R., [24 February 1872] Darwin …
- … Letter 4139 - Darwin, W. E. to Darwin, [4 May 1863] William sends the results of a …
- … Letter 1701 - Morris, M. H. to Prior, R. C. A., [17 June 1855] Margaretta Hare Morris …
- … Letter 4258 - Becker, L. E. to Darwin, [31 July 1863] Lydia Becker details her …
- … 4233 - Tegetmeier, W. B. to Darwin, [29 June - 7 July 1863] Tegetmeier updates Darwin …
- … describes experiments he is undertaking in his home to test Wallace’s theory that birds reject …
- … who conducted numerous experiments for Darwin and Wallace from the comfort of his “ pretty garden …
- … 3896 - Darwin to Huxley, T. H, [before 25 February 1863] Darwin offers the results of …
- … Letter 4010 - Huxley, T. H. to Darwin, [25 February 1863] Huxley praises Henrietta’s …
- … Letter 4038 - Darwin to Lyell, C., [12-13 March 1863] Darwin secretly passes on …
- … Letter 7858 - Darwin to Wa llace, A. R., [12 July 1871] Darwin tells Wallace that …
- … in the editorial process. Letter 9156 - Wallace, A. R . to Darwin, [19 November …
Darwin in letters, 1867: A civilised dispute
Summary
Charles Darwin’s major achievement in 1867 was the completion of his large work, The variation of animals and plants under domestication (Variation). The importance of Darwin’s network of correspondents becomes vividly apparent in his work on expression in…
Matches: 22 hits
- … to correct proofs, and just when completion seemed imminent, a further couple of months were needed …
- … oversized two-volume Variation and instead write a short (as he then expected) ‘Essay on Man’. …
- … selection in forming human races, and there was also to be a chapter on the meaning and cause of the …
- … ), published in 1871, and the chapter on expression into a book, The expression of the emotions in …
- … for decades, it was only now that he began to work with a view to publishing his observations. …
- … his work on expression in 1867, as he continued to circulate a list of questions on human expression …
- … Darwin corrected them. Closer to home, two important works, a book by the duke of Argyll, and an …
- … defence of the theory in the capable hands of Alfred Russel Wallace. At the same time, Darwin was …
- … self-sterility, pollination, and seed dispersal with a growing network of correspondents who worked …
- … atmosphere that he so much needed in what was becoming a highly combative and emotional arena. …
- … chapter and remained doubtful whether or not to include a chapter ‘on Man’. After a few days, he …
- … Vorlesungen über den Menschen (Lectures on man; Vogt 1863) from German into French. With a …
- … Darwin also introduced the subject to Alfred Russel Wallace, who suggested in his response of 11 …
- … “supplemental remarks on expression”’ ( letter to A. R. Wallace, [12–17] March [1867] ). Darwin’s …
- … debated the topic on a theoretical level was Alfred Russel Wallace. In a letter to Wallace written …
- … aviary to see whether this was the case ( letter from A. R. Wallace, 24 February [1867] ). He also …
- … butterflies resulted from sexual selection was implicit. Wallace’s response contained much more than …
- … being challenged at a fundamental level. In his response to Wallace ( letter to A. R. Wallace, 26 …
- … the course of several months. In the 1867 correspondence, Wallace steered clear of the issue of …
- … of colour in both insects and birds. Darwin conceded that Wallace had made a convincing argument …
- … than I c d have succeeded in doing’ ( letter to A. R. Wallace, 29 April [1867] ). Thus Darwin …
- … Wallace published a long article, ‘Creation by law’ (A. R. Wallace 1867c), which responded to Jenkin …
Dramatisation script
Summary
Re: Design – Adaptation of the Correspondence of Charles Darwin, Asa Gray and others… by Craig Baxter – as performed 25 March 2007
Matches: 22 hits
- … 2 – Charles Darwin Actor 3 – In the dress of a modern day archivist, this actor uses the …
- … the environment in which the play unfolds and acting as a go-between between Gray and Darwin, and …
- … indicate an edit in the original text not, necessarily, a pause in the delivery of the line. A …
- … Jane the final days of Professor Asa Gray, Harvard Botanist. A series of strokes affect adversely …
- … dinner, though there had seemed some threatening of a cold, but he pronounced himself… GRAY …
- … quick breathing and some listlessness, so that he was nursed a little on Friday… That evening …
- … him on the success of the treatment. There seemed a weakness of the right hand, which, however, …
- … his Christian belief and Darwin discovers that Alfred Wallace has developed his own strikingly …
- … of the package (an essay from New Guinea from Alfred Russel Wallace) throws Darwin into a fluster. …
- … of last year… / Why I ask this is as follows: Mr Wallace who is now exploring New Guinea, has …
- … will be smashed. … 49 [Yet] there is nothing in Wallace’s sketch which is not written out …
- … that I can do so honourably, 50 knowing that Wallace is in the field…. / It seems hard on …
- … Dr Gray… I shall be glad of your opinion of Darwin and Wallace’s paper. GRAY: 58 …
- … on all hands. DARWIN: 65 My dear [Mr Wallace], I have told [my publisher] Murray …
- … of your darling. BOOKS BY THE LATE CHARLES DARWIN: 1863-1865 In which Drwin struggles …
- … paragraph, in which I quote and differ from you[r] 178 doctrine that each variation has been …
- … TO JD HOOKER 12 OCTOBER 1849 6 C DARWIN TO R FITZROY, 1 OCTOBER 1846 7 …
- … TO A GRAY, 27 NOVEMBER 1859 65 C DARWIN TO A WALLACE, 13 NOVEMBER 1859 66 …
- … 1860 98 A GRAY TO ALPHONSE DE CANDOLLE, 16 FEB 1863 99 C DARWIN TO LYELL, …
- … 1862 149 C DARWIN TO J. D. HOOKER 26 JULY 1863 150 C DARWIN TO J. D. …
- … JULY 1864 160 C DARWIN TO JD HOOKER, 3 JAN 1863 161 TO ASA GRAY 13 …
- … 1862 164 C Darwin TO ASA GRAY, 23 FEBRUARY 1863 165 A Gray TO C Darwin …
Inheritance
Summary
It was crucial to Darwin’s theories of species change that naturally occurring variations could be inherited. But at the time when he wrote Origin, he had no explanation for how inheritance worked – it was just obvious that it did. Darwin’s attempt to…
Matches: 7 hits
- … may often be of service to science, when they involve a certain portion of incompleteness, and even …
- … subject of inheritance is wonderful’ Darwin wrote,‘When a new character arises, whatever its nature …
- … were orginally derived. They could also lie dormant 'for a thousand or ten-thousand generations …
- … in invisible ink on the germ' ( to J. D. Hooker, 26 [March 1863] ). Years before he …
- … Somebody rummaging among your papers half a century hence will find Pangenesis & say “See this …
- … his publishing them” . . . I am not going to be made a horrid example of in that way. ( T. H …
- … says the view is quite different from his (& this a great relief to me, as I feared to be …
Science, Work and Manliness
Summary
Discussion Questions|Letters In 1859, popular didactic writer William Landels published the first edition of what proved to be one of his best-selling works, How Men Are Made. "It is by work, work, work" he told his middle class audience, …
Matches: 8 hits
- … had an uncertain gendered identity; was it manly work or a feminine leisure activity? In the …
- … male Naturalists we often find Natural Science envisaged as a physically and morally laborious …
- … withstood the considerable labour involved in producing such a magnum opus. In a subsequent letter …
- … feedback on Origin . The book is, first and foremost, a work of “astonishing labour and …
- … Letter 3901 - Darwin to Falconer, H., [5 & 6 January 1863] Darwin gives feedback on …
- … Letter 4000 - Darwin to Dana, J. D., [20 February 1863] Darwin praises Dana’s latest work …
- … extent of Scott’s work, his exertion and stamina; “What a wonderful, indefatigable worker you are!”. …
- … Darwin thanks his son, William, for checking the proofs of a new, sixth edition of Origin . …
Darwin in letters, 1864: Failing health
Summary
On receiving a photograph from Charles Darwin, the American botanist Asa Gray wrote on 11 July 1864: ‘the venerable beard gives the look of your having suffered, and … of having grown older’. Because of poor health, Because of poor health, Darwin…
Matches: 26 hits
- … On receiving a photograph from Charles Darwin, the American botanist Asa Gray wrote on 11 …
- … the long illness that had plagued him since the spring of 1863. Because of poor health, Darwin …
- … of dimorphic plants with William’s help; he also ordered a selection of new climbing plants for his …
- … physician-in-ordinary to Queen Victoria. Jenner prescribed a variety of antacids and purgatives, and …
- … from that of the five physicians Darwin had consulted in 1863. In a letter of 26[–7] March [1864] …
- … continued throughout the summer. When he finished a preliminary draft of his paper on climbing …
- … and he received more letters of advice from Jenner. In a letter of 15 December [1864] to the …
- … As Darwin explained to his cousin William Darwin Fox in a letter of 30 November [1864] , ‘the …
- … arose over the grounds on which it was conferred, brought a dramatic conclusion to the year. Darwin …
- … leaf, and aerial roots. When his health deteriorated in 1863, he found that he could still continue …
- … However, the queries that Darwin, describing himself as ‘a broken-down brother-naturalist’, sent to …
- … for another specimen: ‘I want it fearfully for it is a leaf climber & therefore sacred’ ( …
- … transitional forms. Darwin came to think, for example, that a leaf, while still serving the …
- … eventually aborting to form true tendrils. After observing a variety of climbing plants, he argued …
- … 5 September 1864 ). Fritz Müeller sent his book, Für Darwin , and Darwin had it translated by a …
- … scientific debate. He had begun taking the journal in April 1863 and was an enthusiastic subscriber. …
- … and their predecessors had continued to grow following the 1863 publication of Huxley’s Evidence …
- … the slavery practised in North America. Alfred Russel Wallace Unlike in the preceding …
- … with very little commentary. However, when Alfred Russel Wallace sent him a copy of his recently …
- … Some other readers were also aware of the significance of Wallace’s paper as the first published …
- … to J. D. Hooker, 22 [May 1864] ). He added that he wished Wallace had written Lyell’s section on …
- … the question of human origins ( Correspondence vol. 11). Wallace, however, traced a possible path …
- … by natural selection in humans, was new to Darwin. Wallace’s paper dealt not only with human …
- … that Darwin, who later endorsed monogenism, supported Wallace’s attempt to mediate in the …
- … on intellectual & moral qualities’ ( letter to A. R. Wallace, 28 [May 1864] ). …
- … failure to win the award in the two preceding years. An 1863 letter from the president of the Royal …
Before Origin: the ‘big book’
Summary
Darwin began ‘sorting notes for Species Theory’ on 9 September 1854, the very day he concluded his eight-year study of barnacles (Darwin's Journal). He had long considered the question of species. In 1842, he outlined a theory of transmutation in a…
Matches: 25 hits
- … considered the question of species. In 1842, he outlined a theory of transmutation in a short pencil …
- … was ‘almost convinced’ that species were not immutable—a view so controversial that it was, he …
- … & on the question of what are species’, and possessed ‘a grand body of facts’ from which he …
- … Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation caused a publishing sensation in October 1844, the …
- … contained several points that challenged his theory. ‘ In a year or two’s time, when I shall be at …
- … & comparing them, in order in some 2 or 3 years to write a book with all the facts & …
- … he anticipated, would provide ‘no amusement’ and be a ‘ horrid bore ’. Contrary to Darwin’s …
- … proved enjoyable and enlightening , and the birds were a delight to his young daughter …
- … as Darwin began his pigeon breeding programme, he started a series of ‘seed-salting experiments’ to …
- … expertise, Darwin inquired: ‘ will you tell me at a guess how long an immersion in sea-water …
- … expressed his satisfaction that the naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace, who was collecting in the …
- … theoretical ideas’. ‘I am a firm believer’, he told Wallace, ‘ that without speculation there is no …
- … establishment in Surrey. While there, he wrote to Wallace. Praising Wallace’s 1855 article on …
- … his own work on species was finished he might benefit from Wallace’s ‘large harvest of facts’ from …
- … do species & varieties differ from each other’, he told Wallace in May 1857, before stating ‘ I …
- … I do not suppose I shall go to press for two years. ’ Wallace was intrigued as to whether …
- … was to be tried far more sorely in the following month. Wallace, who had continued to pursue his …
- … On 18 June 1858, Darwin received a now lost letter from Wallace enclosing his essay titled on ' …
- … told Lyell, ‘ I never saw a more striking coincidence. if Wallace had my M.S. sketch written out in …
- … to publish any sketch, can I do so honourably because Wallace has sent me an outline of his doctrine …
- … accepted Lyell and Hooker’s suggestion that they submit Wallace’s essay together with extracts from …
- … than satisfied at what took place at Linn. Soc y ’. Wallace, however, did not hear about any of …
- … been equally pleased. Writing to his mother in October 1858, Wallace stated ‘I sent Mr. Darwin an …
- … to complete this work, but as he worked on it daily in May 1863, he admitted that there ‘ never …
- … and a half chapters were edited and published in 1975 by R. C. Stauffer under the title Charles …
How old is the earth?
Summary
One of Darwin’s chief difficulties in making converts to his views, was convincing a sceptical public, and some equally sceptical physicists, that there had been enough time since the advent of life on earth for the slow process of natural selection to…
Matches: 10 hits
- … difficulties in making converts to his views, was convincing a sceptical public, and some equally …
- … saw around them. Darwin thought of himself as more of a geologist than a zoologist or …
- … This was based on the assumed rate at which the Weald, a large area of southern England near his own …
- … the top of which has been worn away. In the face of a critical review of Origin ( …
- … He included ' Weald Denudation made milder ' in a list summarising changes to the second …
- … stated that we cannot know at what rate the sea wears away a line of cliff: I assumed the one inch …
- … estimate came under attack as collateral damage in a much wider dispute about the age of the earth …
- … to Sir W. Thompson, for I require for my theoretical views a very long period before the Cambrian …
- … fact that natural selection could only have produced such a wide variety of Cambrian life over a …
- … in the meantime, had mentioned the problem to George Darwin, a newly elected fellow of Trinity …
Darwin in letters, 1860: Answering critics
Summary
On 7 January 1860, John Murray published the second edition of Darwin’s Origin of species, printing off another 3000 copies to satisfy the demands of an audience that surprised both the publisher and the author. It wasn't long, however, before ‘the…
Matches: 21 hits
- … critiques of his views. ‘One cannot expect fairness in a Reviewer’, Darwin commented to Hooker after …
- … began to fly’. His ‘dearly beloved’ theory suffered a series of attacks, the most vicious of which …
- … smashed’ ( letter to T. H. Huxley, 3 July [1860] ). (A chronological list of all the reviews …
- … list. Adam Sedgwick, not surprisingly, attacked the book on a number of fronts. But it was his …
- … Above all else Darwin prided himself on having developed a theory that explained several classes of …
- … statement in his March review that natural selection was a hypothesis, not a theory, therefore also …
- … ‘It seems to me that an hypothesis is developed into a theory solely by explaining an ample lot …
- … ). To those who objected that his theory could not be a vera causa, he similarly stated that ‘it …
- … readily admitted that his failure to discuss this point was a ‘most serious omission’ in his book …
- … about global change. Darwin also knew that Lyell was a powerful potential ally. Indeed, the letters …
- … selection. Even Huxley, an avowed supporter, proved a formidable critic. Huxley extolled the …
- … whereas sterility had long been recognised by naturalists as a criterion of specific difference. He …
- … lecture irritating and ultimately considered it more a failure than a success ( see letter to J. D. …
- … inhabitants. Darwin agreed, for example, with Alfred Russel Wallace’s assessment that the …
- … science.’ As for why this should be so, he confided to Wallace: ‘I think geologists are more …
- … by his theory—and once staggered, he believed, it was only a matter of time before a person would …
- … supported his theory. Even Carpenter, whom he included as a proponent in this group, offered only …
- … selection of chance variations being able to produce such a marvellously perfected structure as the …
- … for highly adapted organs had sometimes given even him a ‘cold shudder’. Yet it was more trifling …
- … discomfort. As he readily admitted to Gray: ‘The sight of a feather in a peacock’s tail, whenever I …
- … chapter on pigeons (interrupted in 1858 by the receipt of Wallace’s manuscript and the subsequent …
Darwin in letters,1866: Survival of the fittest
Summary
The year 1866 began well for Charles Darwin, as his health, after several years of illness, was now considerably improved. In February, Darwin received a request from his publisher, John Murray, for a new edition of Origin. Darwin got the fourth…
Matches: 17 hits
- … considerably improved. His increased vigour was apparent in a busy year that included two trips to …
- … of special creation on the basis of alleged evidence of a global ice age, while Asa Gray pressed …
- … the details of Hooker’s proposed talk formed the basis of a lengthy and lively exchange of letters …
- … responded philosophically to these deaths, regarding both as a merciful release from painful illness …
- … yet much taste for common meat,’ he continued, ‘but eat a little game or fowl twice a day & eggs …
- … approval to increase his intake of coffee to two cups a day, since coffee, with the ‘10 drops of …
- … of flatulence. Jones replied in encouraging terms, enclosing a revised diet, which unfortunately …
- … Darwin began riding the cob, Tommy, on 4 June 1866, and in a letter to his cousin William Darwin …
- … research on crustacean embryology, and Alfred Russel Wallace’s conclusions on varieties and species …
- … you go on, after the startling apparition of your face at R.S. Soirèe—which I dreamed of 2 nights …
- … by Heinrich Georg Bronn, had been published in 1860 and 1863 by the firm E. Schweizerbart’sche …
- … and June on the subject of Rhamnus catharticus (now R. cathartica ). Darwin had become …
- … of separate sexes. William gathered numerous specimens of R. catharticus , the only species of …
- … Orchids and papers on botanical dimorphism, Bates’s and Wallace’s work on mimetic butterflies, and …
- … selection, and with special creation ( letter from W. R. Grove, 31 August 1866 ). Hooker later …
- … of transmutation theory during the year with Alfred Russel Wallace. They corresponded in February on …
- … their father’s death in 1848 until Catherine married in 1863. Catherine had written shortly before …
Natural Science and Femininity
Summary
Discussion Questions|Letters A conflation of masculine intellect and feminine thoughts, habits and feelings, male naturalists like Darwin inhabited an uncertain gendered identity. Working from the private domestic comfort of their homes and exercising…
Matches: 16 hits
- … Discussion Questions | Letters A conflation of masculine intellect and feminine …
- … Letters Letter 109 - Wedgwood, J. to Darwin, R. W., [31 August 1831] Darwin …
- … on his return. Letter 158 - Darwin to Darwin, R. W., [8 & 26 February & 1 March …
- … first part of his Beagle voyage. Darwin explains that, as a Naturalist, his time is dedicated to …
- … are as alike “as two peas” and his work fits neatly into a broader domestic routine made up of meals …
- … in Expression and in an 1877 article titled, ‘ A Biographical Sketch of an Infant ’. …
- … Letter 4230 - Darwin to Gardeners’ Chronicle, [2 July 1863] Published in Gardeners’ …
- … had gathered and brought into the house immediately after a rain storm. Here, Darwin’s scientific …
- … family life. Letter 4377 - Haeckel, E. P. A. to Darwin, [2 January 1864] …
- … March 1864] Darwin thanks Hooker for posting to him a number of plants to aid his work on …
- … work, engage in the “struggle for life” and become “a useful self-supporting” member of the public …
- … believes that Scott ought to engage in drudgery “like a man” and “occupy the rest of his time with …
- … to be able to do pure science on half his income but he has a duty to the public to contribute more …
- … his son, George. While scientific work might possibly help a young barrister, being a fellow of …
- … describes experiments he is undertaking in his home to test Wallace’s theory that birds reject …
- … to Emma Darwin’s sister, Sarah, with observations on a Sphinx moth. The moth examined the “mahogany …
Darwin in letters, 1882: Nothing too great or too small
Summary
In 1882, Darwin reached his 74th year Earthworms had been published the previous October, and for the first time in decades he was not working on another book. He remained active in botanical research, however. Building on his recent studies in plant…
Matches: 14 hits
- … chlorophyll by examining thin slices of plant tissue under a microscope. When not experimenting, he …
- … more weak than usual. To Lawson Tait, he remarked, ‘I feel a very old man, & my course is nearly …
- … early April, he was being carried upstairs with the aid of a special chair. The end came on 19 April …
- … 1881. But some of his scientific friends quickly organised a campaign for Darwin to have greater …
- … the nature of their contents, if immersed for some hours in a weak solution of C. of Ammonia’. …
- … up the results on Brazilian cane, with Darwin providing a detailed outline: ‘I had no intention to …
- … ( letter to Joseph Fayrer, 30 March 1882 ). He received a specimen of Nitella opaca , a species …
- … It proved to be very popular, with reviews appearing in a wide range of journals and newspapers (see …
- … indeed more than complimentary.’ ‘If the Reviewer is a young man & a worker in any branch of …
- … believe in natural selection having done much,—but this is a relatively unimportant point. Your …
- … taken up by individual readers. James Frederick Simpson, a musical composer, had provided Darwin …
- … power. This was confirmed by one of his correspondents. A clerk, George Frederick Crawte, recounted …
- … ( letter from Aleksander Jelski, [1860–82] ). In 1863, the final blow was dealt to Darwin’s …
- … a fallen enemy!’ ( letter to T. F. Jamieson, 24 January [1863] ). From 1863 to 1865, Darwin …
