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The Lyell–Lubbock dispute
Summary
In May 1865 a dispute arose between John Lubbock and Charles Lyell when Lubbock, in his book Prehistoric times, accused Lyell of plagiarism. The dispute caused great dismay among many of their mutual scientific friends, some of whom took immediate action…
Matches: 21 hits
- … In May 1865 a dispute arose between John Lubbock and Charles Lyell when Lubbock, in his …
- … friends, some of whom took immediate action to mediate a solution. Charles Darwin had close ties …
- … 1864 issue of Natural History Review , Lubbock produced a final article on ‘Cave-men’ (Lubbock …
- … (Lubbock 1865). By 1860, Lyell had begun work on a sixth edition of Elements of geology …
- … ‘Textual changes made to C. Lyell 1863c’). On 6 February 1863, Antiquity of man (C. Lyell 1863a) …
- … , 1861, p. 489, in which he has described the results of a recent visit to Denmark, made by him in …
- … Bath in 1864 (C. Lyell 1864). 3 By November 1863 a third edition of Antiquity of …
- … of several aspects of the book. Throughout the first half of 1863, Darwin discussed the book in …
- … was ‘deeply disappointed’ that Lyell had avoided taking a clear position on the transmutation of …
- … aggrieved about Lyell’s failure to support him. In April 1863, in a letter to the Athenæum , he …
- … such points.— It is wretched to see men fighting so for a little fame.— During this …
- … attack on Lyell and agreed, on Hooker’s advice, to soften a passage in the manuscript of his own …
- … note on p. 11. Unlike the earlier controversies of 1863 where the disputants had quarrelled …
- … 13). The third edition had originally appeared in November 1863. In spite of Lyell’s 1865 revisions, …
- … (Original version of the last section, printed in November 1863) In conclusion, I wish it to …
- … evidence appealed to. 53 Harley Street: November 1863 Preface, C. Lyell 1863c, pp. …
- … in the interval between the autumn of 1861 and February 1863. In this long interval my thoughts had …
- … 2. Letter from Charles Lyell to John Lubbock, 20 February 1863 (British Library, Add. MSS 49640). …
- … of C. Lyell 1863a, see Darwin's Life in Letters, 1863 , (introduction to Correspondence …
- … vol. 11, letter to J. D. Hooker, 24[–5] February [1863] . On Lyell’s unwillingness to commit …
- … vol. 11, letter to Charles Lyell, 6 March [1863] and n. 7. 9. See Correspondence …
Charles Lyell
Summary
As an author, friend and correspondent, Charles Lyell played a crucial role in shaping Darwin's scientific life. Born to a wealthy gentry family in Scotland in 1797, Lyell had a classical and legal education but by the 1820s had become entranced by…
Matches: 7 hits
- … As an author, friend and correspondent, Charles Lyell played a crucial role in shaping Darwin's …
- … subject of geology. Geologists had already revealed a succession of unexpected forms of animals and …
- … Principles of Geology (1830-1833) , he aimed to make it a philosophically rigorous science, …
- … of the ocean floor. Although Lyell had originally suggested a different theory, he appreciated …
- … encouraged the ambitious young naturalist, provided a model of what it meant to be a theorist, and …
- … at the Linnean Society in 1858. Darwin's views posed a terrible paradox for Lyell. In …
- … an agonized struggle, Lyell did come round to accepting a limited application of natural selection …
Darwin and Design
Summary
At the beginning of the nineteenth century in Britain, religion and the sciences were generally thought to be in harmony. The study of God’s word in the Bible, and of his works in nature, were considered to be part of the same truth. One version of this…
Matches: 25 hits
- … and refraction of rays of light are regulated … what could a mathematician instrument maker have …
- … important example of this kind of natural theology was a series of scientific books known as …
- … discussed, and extracts often appeared in sermons. A sense of what these books were like can …
- … thought it must have been doomed to an unhappy life and a speedy decline. How could an intelligent …
- … that its internal organisation and habits, deduced from a knowledge of comparative anatomy and …
- … roots for food, and it could demolish any predator with a single swish of its tail or paw. ‘[Its] …
- … do … calculated to be the vehicle of life and enjoyment to a gigantic race of quadrupeds … …
- … which they were constructed’. What appeared at first to be a grossly imperfect creature, turned out, …
- … to show evidence of God’s wisdom and benevolence as a designer. Some key fossils of …
- … in the work of the comparative anatomist Richard Owen. In a series of publications in the 1840s, …
- … in underlying structures that connected these divisions into a single order of creation. Owen …
- … pieces which ultimately united into single whole along a series of sutures. These pieces, he claimed …
- … the whole skeleton of man to be the harmonized sum of a series of essentially similar segments. …
- … and Owen, it becomes clear that natural theology was not a single, unified tradition. There were in …
- … of Genesis, for example, assigned each day of creation to a different geological epoch. Creation was …
- … from the first instant. Such views held that the world was a product of divine plan and will, but …
- … circles. The geologist and Calvinist Hugh Miller wrote a book entitled Footprints of the creator …
- … geology favoured by extreme evangelicals who supported a literal reading of Genesis. Finally, …
- … Paley’s model of an ingeniously designed creation with a theory of functional adaptations, acquired …
- … p. 50 Yet Darwin’s beliefs about the role of a Creator changed over time. Nor does his …
- … the second edition of Origin of species (1860) contains a new epigraph from the famous Christian …
- … I have gradually learnt to see that it is just as noble a conception of Deity, to believe that he …
- … pro tempore & pro loco, as to believe that He required a fresh act of intervention to supply the …
- … Kingsley was able to incorporate evolutionary theory into a reformed vision of nature as a product …
- … Thomas Huxley, zoologist, Man’s place in nature (1863). Charles Kingsley, Anglican …
Darwin in letters, 1860: Answering critics
Summary
On 7 January 1860, John Murray published the second edition of Darwin’s Origin of species, printing off another 3000 copies to satisfy the demands of an audience that surprised both the publisher and the author. It wasn't long, however, before ‘the…
Matches: 22 hits
- … critiques of his views. ‘One cannot expect fairness in a Reviewer’, Darwin commented to Hooker after …
- … began to fly’. His ‘dearly beloved’ theory suffered a series of attacks, the most vicious of which …
- … smashed’ ( letter to T. H. Huxley, 3 July [1860] ). (A chronological list of all the reviews …
- … list. Adam Sedgwick, not surprisingly, attacked the book on a number of fronts. But it was his …
- … Above all else Darwin prided himself on having developed a theory that explained several classes of …
- … statement in his March review that natural selection was a hypothesis, not a theory, therefore also …
- … ‘It seems to me that an hypothesis is developed into a theory solely by explaining an ample lot …
- … ). To those who objected that his theory could not be a vera causa, he similarly stated that ‘it …
- … readily admitted that his failure to discuss this point was a ‘most serious omission’ in his book …
- … about global change. Darwin also knew that Lyell was a powerful potential ally. Indeed, the letters …
- … selection. Even Huxley, an avowed supporter, proved a formidable critic. Huxley extolled the …
- … whereas sterility had long been recognised by naturalists as a criterion of specific difference. He …
- … lecture irritating and ultimately considered it more a failure than a success ( see letter to J. D. …
- … because more accustomed to reasoning.’ ( letter to A. R. Wallace, 18 May 1860 ). Darwin …
- … by his theory—and once staggered, he believed, it was only a matter of time before a person would …
- … supported his theory. Even Carpenter, whom he included as a proponent in this group, offered only …
- … selection of chance variations being able to produce such a marvellously perfected structure as the …
- … for highly adapted organs had sometimes given even him a ‘cold shudder’. Yet it was more trifling …
- … discomfort. As he readily admitted to Gray: ‘The sight of a feather in a peacock’s tail, whenever I …
- … class. But it was precisely the physiologists, steeped in a heavily developmental conception of …
- … the seemingly directed process of embryogenesis with a theory of change based upon the selection of …
- … implications it had for human ancestry. Certainly this was a major difficulty standing in the way of …
Thomas Henry Huxley
Summary
Dubbed “Darwin’s bulldog” for his combative role in controversies over evolution, Huxley was a leading Victorian zoologist, science popularizer, and education reformer. He was born in Ealing, a small village west of London, in 1825. With only two years of…
Matches: 12 hits
- … combative role in controversies over evolution, Huxley was a leading Victorian zoologist, science …
- … Shortly after his return to England in 1851, he was elected a fellow of the Royal Society, and was …
- … giving evening ‘lectures to working men’, and writing a regular column on science for the …
- … colleague as ‘my dear Huxley’ for the first time in a letter of 20 February [1855]. Darwin did have …
- … 9 May 1856 and 21 May 1856). But he considered Huxley a valuable ally, and invited him to Down in …
- … selection, Huxley became an outspoken defender of Darwin and a popularizer of Darwinian theory …
- … the London Times , and Macmillan's Magazine . In a series of technical papers in …
- … he argued for the affinity of humans and apes, engaging in a protracted controversy with Owen, who …
- … to promote Darwinian theory publicly, Huxley favoured a view of evolution per saltum (or by …
- … now argued that there were ancestral links between them. In a series of papers beginning in 1868, he …
- … to come to Darwin’s defense. In 1875, he intervened in a bitter and personal dispute between Darwin …
- … administration helped to define the ‘man of science’ as a public figure and to reshape the …
