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Darwin in letters, 1860: Answering critics
Summary
On 7 January 1860, John Murray published the second edition of Darwin’s Origin of species, printing off another 3000 copies to satisfy the demands of an audience that surprised both the publisher and the author. It wasn't long, however, before ‘the…
Matches: 19 hits
- … On 7 January 1860, John Murray published the second edition of Darwin’s Origin of species , …
- … in railway stations ( letter to Charles Lyell, 14 January [1860] ). By May, with the work …
- … be nice easy reading.’ ( letter to Asa Gray, 22 May [1860] ). Origin : reactions and …
- … did not at all concern his main argument ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 3 January [1860] ). …
- … utterly smashed’ ( letter to T. H. Huxley, 3 July [1860] ). (A chronological list of all the …
- … the only track that leads to physical truth’ (Sedgwick 1860) that most wounded Darwin. Having spent …
- … principles of scientific investigation.—’ ( letter to J. S. Henslow, 8 May [1860] ). Above …
- … were inexplicable by the theory of creation. Asa Gray’s statement in his March review that natural …
- … ample lot of facts.’ ( letter to Asa Gray, 18 February [1860] ). To those who objected that his …
- … it comes in time to be admitted as real.’ ( letter to C. J. F. Bunbury, 9 February [1860] ). This …
- … fellow Henry Fawcett in the December issue of Macmillan’s Magazine . Fawcett asserted that Darwin …
- … progression ( letter to Charles Lyell, 18 [and 19 February 1860] ). To this and Lyell’s many other …
- … considered it more a failure than a success ( see letter to J. D. Hooker, 14 February [1860] ). …
- … two physiologists, and five botanists ( see letter to J. D. Hooker, 3 March [1860] ). Others, like …
- … ‘master of the field after 4 hours battle’ (letter from J. D. Hooker, 2 July 1860). Other …
- … rather than against Darwin’s book per se . Prodded by Henslow’s defence of the integrity of …
- … were already proved) to his own views.—’ ( letter from J. S. Henslow to J. D. Hooker, 10 May 1860 …
- … these visits have led to changed structure.’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 27 April [1860] ). Tracing …
- … months later, ‘just as at a game of chess.’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 19 [July 1860] ). With the …
Darwin in letters, 1837–1843: The London years to 'natural selection'
Summary
The seven-year period following Darwin's return to England from the Beagle voyage was one of extraordinary activity and productivity in which he became recognised as a naturalist of outstanding ability, as an author and editor, and as a professional…
Matches: 17 hits
- … The seven-year period following Darwin's return to England from the Beagle voyage was one …
- … the publication of the Zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle , for which he described the …
- … touching in the concern they show for one another’s sensibilities. Early in 1839 the couple set up …
- … theoretical achievement, the most important of Darwin’s activities during the years 1837–43 was …
- … a result of thinking about the significance of John Gould’s and Richard Owen’s identifications of …
- … daring and momentous conviction that species were mutable (S. Herbert 1980, p. 12; Sulloway 1982b). …
- … in the version of 1859. Young author Darwin’s investigation of the species question …
- … Beagle had returned to England, news of some of Darwin’s findings had been spread by the …
- … results of the Beagle voyage. With the help of J. S. Henslow, William Whewell, and other …
- … by Adam White; infusoria by C. G. Ehrenberg; fungi by M. J. Berkeley; and corals by William Lonsdale …
- … were neglected. During the voyage Darwin had expected that J. S. Henslow would describe his …
- … the other on the Keeling Island flora. Darwin’s letters to Henslow show a gradual realisation that …
- … knowledge of plant distribution and classification (see Henslow 1837a and 1838; W. J. Hooker and G. …
- … The letters show that at least five of his friends—Lyell, Henslow, Jenyns, Waterhouse, and his …
- … filled, with facts It is true that, until he took J. D. Hooker into his confidence in …
- … to convince anyone that he had a sound solution to what J. F. W. Herschel in a letter to Lyell had …
- … distributed ( Correspondence vol. 2, Appendix V). As P. J. Vorzimmer has pointed out (Vorzimmer …
What is an experiment?
Summary
Darwin is not usually regarded as an experimenter, but rather as an astute observer and a grand theorist. His early career seems to confirm this. He began with detailed note-taking, collecting and cataloguing on the Beagle, and edited a descriptive zoology…
Matches: 7 hits
- … affinity. The two-fold division of Darwin’s science between observation and theory also seems …
- … on the wane, and it was gradually eclipsed in Darwin’s own lifetime by the more specialized, …
- … controlled space with specialized equipment. In Darwin’s day this was by no means the case. The …
- … (small plots of land). Experimentation in Darwin’s day was not the monopoly of elite, highly …
- … with Drosera ( letter to Edward Cresy, 12 December [1860] ). He employed a gardener to perform …
- … Foster. A final feature to note about Darwin’s experimental life is the pleasure that it …
- … detailed observation and experimental work became Darwin’s driving passion, his greatest balm at …
Darwin in letters, 1861: Gaining allies
Summary
The year 1861 marked an important change in the direction of Darwin’s work. He had weathered the storm that followed the publication of Origin, and felt cautiously optimistic about the ultimate acceptance of his ideas. The letters from this year provide an…
Matches: 23 hits
- … 1861 marked an important change in the direction of Darwin’s work. By then, he had weathered the …
- … of notes on variation at Down House. During the summer of 1860, he had become interested in …
- … an unusually detailed and intimate understanding of Darwin’s problem-solving method of work and …
- … . Having learned from his publisher John Murray in November 1860 that a new edition of Origin …
- … friend Asa Gray to reprint and distribute in Britain Gray’s series of review-essays on this topic …
- … III). However, Darwin himself remained unconvinced by Gray’s suggestion that providence may have …
- … decline later in the year, scientific interest in Darwin’s views continued unabated and indeed …
- … by George Maw, for example, singled out Darwin’s explanation of the numerous instances of the …
- … to Charles Lyell, 20 July [1861] ). One reason for Darwin’s interest in this piece may have been …
- … disappointed to learn of John Frederick William Herschel’s initial cool response to his argument; he …
- … and convert to his theory, Darwin learned of Mill’s view that the reasoning throughout Origin …
- … with the strict principles of Logic’ and that Darwin’s methodology was ‘the only one proper to such …
- … p. 18 n.). Later in the summer Fawcett himself made Darwin’s methodology the subject of a lecture …
- … that ensued wherein there had been criticism of Darwin’s hypothesising. Darwin commented to Fawcett: …
- … Archibald Geikie. Geikie had approved of Darwin’s chapter on the imperfection of the geological …
- … 4 March [1861] ). However, the publication of Leidy’s study of the remains of the most complete …
- … Gilbert Rorison published tracts in opposition to Darwin’s theory. Humans and apes: the …
- … debate, although not directly concerned with Darwin’s theory, was recognised by most as being of …
- … VIII).) For his part, Darwin enjoyed Huxley’s sparring with Owen, though periodically …
- … fourth child, remained desolate over the death in September 1860 of their first-born, Noel, he and …
- … in the voyage of the Beagle is well known. As late as 1860, Henslow had defended Darwin against …
- … was thought to be ‘a form of typhus fever’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 11 May 1860 ). This hope was …
- … America that threatened peace in Britain in 1861. The end of 1860 and the beginning of 1861 saw …
Women’s scientific participation
Summary
Observers | Fieldwork | Experimentation | Editors and critics | Assistants Darwin’s correspondence helps bring to light a community of women who participated, often actively and routinely, in the nineteenth-century scientific community. Here is a…
Matches: 21 hits
- … Editors and critics | Assistants Darwin’s correspondence helps bring to light a …
- … - Wedgwood, L. C. to Darwin, [6 June 1864] Darwin’s niece, Lucy, responds to Darwin’s …
- … February 1867] Mary Barber responds to Darwin’s queries about Expression from …
- … him. Letter 6535 - Vaughan Williams , M. S. to Darwin, H. E., [after 14 October …
- … of wormholes. Letter 8611 - Cupples, A. J. to Darwin, E., [8 November1872] …
- … and offers to observe birds, insects or plants on Darwin’s behalf. Letter 8683 - …
- … passes on brief observations of an angry pig and her niece’s ears. Letter 8701 - …
- … wife of naturalist John Lubbock, responds to Darwin’s request that she make observations of her pet …
- … Thereza Story-Maskelyne responds to a letter of Darwin’s which was published in Nature with some …
- … Letter 4436 - Darwin to Hooker, J. D., [26-27 March 1864] Darwin thanks Hooker for …
- … and orangs. Letter 5705 - Haast, J. F. J. von to Darwin, [4 December 1867] …
- … in a marble tablet”. Letter 6815 - Scott, J. to Darwin, [2 July 1869] John …
- … Men: Letter 385 - Wedgwood, S. E. & J. to Darwin, [10 November 1837] …
- … Hall, Staffordshire. Letter 1219 - Hooker, J. D. to Darwin, [3 February 1849] …
- … to look for more samples. Letter 4928 - Henslow, G. to Darwin, [11 November 1865] …
- … Men: Letter 1836 - Berkeley, M. J. to Darwin, [7 March 1856] Clergyman and …
- … to feed to them. Letter 2069 - Tenant, J. to Darwin, [31 March 1857] James …
- … Letter 2781 - Doubleday, H. to Darwin, [3 May 1860] Doubleday describes his …
- … University of Bonn. Letter 6046 - Weir, J. J. to Darwin, [24 March 1868] …
- … Men: Letter 378 - Darwin to Henslow, J. S., [20 September 1837] Darwin …
- … Letter 3001 - Darwin to Lubbock, J., [28 November 1860] Darwin offers editorial …
Darwin in letters, 1882: Nothing too great or too small
Summary
In 1882, Darwin reached his 74th year Earthworms had been published the previous October, and for the first time in decades he was not working on another book. He remained active in botanical research, however. Building on his recent studies in plant…
Matches: 18 hits
- … came on 19 April. Plans were made for a burial in St Mary’s churchyard in Down, where his brother …
- … Botanical observation and experiment had long been Darwin’s greatest scientific pleasure. The year …
- … some hours in a weak solution of C. of Ammonia’. Darwin’s interest in root response and the effects …
- … vegetables such as potatoes, carrots, and beets. Romanes’s experiments had been conducted to lend …
- … asymmetric, thus facilitating cross-fertilisation. Darwin’s aim, he said, was just to ‘have the …
- … 1882 ). Earthworms and evolution Darwin’s last book, Earthworms , had been …
- … V). The conservative Quarterly Review , owned by Darwin’s publisher John Murray, carried an …
- … them half the worm had disappeared down the frog’s throat. I watched them for a quarter of an hour …
- … with both combatants the worse for wear. Darwin’s writing on human evolution continued to …
- … famous writer Louisa May Alcott. The importance of Darwin’s work in inspiring future research was …
- … ( letter to C. A. Kennard, 9 January 1882 ). Kennard’s reply must be read in full to be …
- … of art (Collier 1882), which seemed to follow Darwin’s views on the aesthetic sense of animals, …
- … February 1882 ). Collier had married Thomas Henry Huxley’s daughter Marian. He returned the joke: …
- … The two men also agreed on the deficiencies of Huxley’s argument that animals were conscious …
- … Darwin continued to delight in his children’s accomplishments. In a letter to Anthony Rich, he …
- … or where to begin’ ( letter to T. H. Huxley, 21 [January 1860] ). Darwin’s former mentor at …
- … of your objections to my views, when we meet’ ( letter to J. S. Henslow, 29 January [1860] ). …
- … to value great minds’ ( letter from Aleksander Jelski, [1860–82] ). In 1863, the final blow …
Darwin’s reading notebooks
Summary
In April 1838, Darwin began recording the titles of books he had read and the books he wished to read in Notebook C (Notebooks, pp. 319–28). In 1839, these lists were copied and continued in separate notebooks. The first of these reading notebooks (DAR 119…
Matches: 24 hits
- … 1851; the second (DAR 128) continues the list from 1852 to 1860, when, except for a few odd entries, …
- … [A. von Humboldt 1811] Richardson’s Fauna Borealis [J. Richardson 1829–37] …
- … Paper on consciousness in brutes Blackwood June 1838 [J. F. Ferrie 1838]. H. C. Watson on …
- … worth studying in a metaphys. point of view Henslow has list of plants of Mauritius with …
- … to White Nat. Hist of Selbourne [E. T. Bennett ed. 1837 and [J. Rennie] ed. 1833] read 19 : …
- … what have they written.? “Hunt” [J. Hunt 1806] p. 290 …
- … chiefly on distribution of forms said to be Poor Sir. J. Edwards Botanical Tour [?J. E. Smith …
- … Butler. 3. first sermons [Butler 1834] recommended by Sir. J. Mackintosh J. Long Moral Nature …
- … [Gaertner 1788–91] (Plates on all seeds) R. Soc Henslow says there is a grand book with …
- … Von. J. Metzger. Heidelberg 1841 [Metzger 1841] Read Henslow in Botanist 36 has written on …
- … 1834]— d[itt]o d[itt]o d[itt]o. d[itt]o. 15 th Henslow’s Botany [Henslow 1837].— d[itt]o d …
- … ] 4. Vol. references at End Feb. 23 rd . Henslow Pamph. on Wheat [Henslow 1841]— fact about …
- … or Review in a Medical Journal which Hooker has & lent to Henslow Huxley [DAR *128: 178 …
- … [Macclintock 1859] [DAR *128: 153] 1860 Owen in Trans. Zoolog. Soc. Vol …
- … of a Naturalist in Australasia. 1. 1. 0 [G. Bennett 1860] Read 114 Village Bells [Manning] …
- … to end of VI. vol.— [DAR 128: 26] 1860 Quatrefages on Maladies of Silk …
- … . 1 & 2. 1854 & 1855.— [DAR 128: 27] 1860 Friends in Council [Helps …
- … 2 vols. London. *119: 12v. Bennett, George. 1860. Gatherings of a naturalist in …
- … years 1838–1842, under the command of Charles Wilkes, U.S.N. New York. [Abstract in DAR 71: 51–2.] …
- … years 1838–1842, under the command of Charles Wilkes, U.S.N. Philadelphia. [Abstract in DAR 205.3: …
- … ou, iconographie de toutes les espèces et variétés d’arbres, fruitiers cultivés dans cet …
- … sur la distribution géographique des animaux vertébrés, moins les oiseaux. Journal de Physique 94 …
- … Drury, Robert. 1729. Madagascar; or, Robert Drury’s journal, during fifteen years …
- … [Vols. 3 and 4 in Darwin Library.] 119: 3a Dugès, Antoine. 1832. Memoir sur la …
Darwin in letters,1866: Survival of the fittest
Summary
The year 1866 began well for Charles Darwin, as his health, after several years of illness, was now considerably improved. In February, Darwin received a request from his publisher, John Murray, for a new edition of Origin. Darwin got the fourth…
Matches: 12 hits
- … a meeting with Herbert Spencer, who was visiting Darwin’s neighbour, Sir John Lubbock. In February, …
- … edition was with the printers in July. Much to Darwin’s annoyance, however, publication was delayed …
- … by Darwin to his publisher in December. Much of Darwin’s correspondence in 1866 was focussed on …
- … of hereditary transmission. Debate about Darwin’s theory of transmutation continued in …
- … of a global ice age, while Asa Gray pressed Darwin’s American publisher for a revised edition of …
- … the Advancement of Science. Fuller consideration of Darwin’s work was given by Hooker in an evening …
- … illness. Diet and exercise Among Darwin’s first letters in the new year was a report …
- … meals & these I think suit me best.’ He sought Jones’s approval to increase his intake of coffee …
- … I enjoy much.’ The new exercise regime led to Darwin’s being teased by his neighbour, John Lubbock, …
- … , translated by Heinrich Georg Bronn, had been published in 1860 and 1863 by the firm E. …
- … Darwin and the New York publisher D. Appleton and Co. in 1860. Unfortunately, Appleton had produced …
- … to the famous Oxford meeting of the British Association in 1860, where the bishop of Oxford, Samuel …
Darwin's health
Summary
On 28 March 1849, ten years before Origin was published, Darwin wrote to his good friend Joseph Hooker from Great Malvern in Worcestershire, where Dr James Manby Gully ran a fashionable water-cure establishment. Darwin apologised for his delayed reply to…
Matches: 19 hits
- … Darwin apologised for his delayed reply to Hooker’s letter which he put down to his exceptionally …
- … trembling, faintness, and dizziness. In 1849, Darwin’s symptoms became so severe that he removed his …
- … of his critically ill ‘master & friend’ John Stevens Henslow. Darwin was sure the journey from …
- … 1864, Darwin attributed his improved health to Dr Jenner’s advice: ‘ drinking very little—enormous …
- … vomiting wonderfully & I am gaining vigour .’ (letter to J. D. Hooker, 13 April [1864] ) …
- … were psychological or psychosomatic dimensions to Darwin’s most severe periods of crisis. At the …
- … and return to his study at Down to work. Darwin’s history of illness Darwin often …
- … (see, for example, Correspondence vol. 2, letter to J. S. Henslow, 14 October [1837] , …
- … F. T. Buckland, 15 December [1864] ). On Darwin’s early stomach troubles, see …
- … letter to Robert FitzRoy, [20 February 1840] . Darwin’s health diary (Down House MS), which he …
- … 1849] , and ‘vomiting every week’ in his letter to J. D. Hooker, 28 March 1849 ( …
- … to W. D. Fox, [6 May 1864] ). According to Emma Darwin’s diary (DAR 242), such regular attacks …
- … and ‘rocking’ had been recorded in Emma Darwin’s diary (DAR 242) on several occasions in 1864 and …
- … 1995, pp. 428-9. On his difficulties reading, see letters to J. D. Hooker, 1 June [1865] and …
- … discussed in Colp 1977, pp. 31-2, 47, 98. In his letter to J. D. Hooker, 5 March [1863] ( …
- … also Correspondence vol. 12, letter from Emma Darwin to J. D. Hooker, 17 March [1864] . …
- … for several years (see Correspondence vol. 4, letter to J. D. Hooker, 12 October 1849 , and …
- … establishment in Sudbrook Park, Surrey, at the end of June 1860 ( Correspondence vol. 8). Darwin …
- … his chronic vomiting ( Correspondence vol. 12, letter to J. D. Hooker, 13 April [1864] ). …
Darwin in letters, 1865: Delays and disappointments
Summary
The year was marked by three deaths of personal significance to Darwin: Hugh Falconer, a friend and supporter; Robert FitzRoy, captain of the Beagle; and William Jackson Hooker, director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and father of Darwin’s friend…
Matches: 12 hits
- … In 1865, the chief work on Charles Darwin’s mind was the writing of The variation of animals and …
- … from this, the editing of excerpts from Fritz Müller’s letters on climbing plants to make another …
- … to comment on a paper on Verbascum (mullein) by CD’s protégé, John Scott, who was now working in …
- … and, according to Butler, the bishop of Wellington. Darwin’s theory was discussed at an agricultural …
- … significance to Darwin: Hugh Falconer, a friend of Darwin’s and prominent supporter of (though not a …
- … Hooker, director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and J. D. Hooker’s father, died in August. There …
- … letters. The death of Hugh Falconer Darwin’s first letter to Hooker of 1865 suggests …
- … same age as Darwin himself. Falconer had seconded Darwin’s nomination for the Copley Medal of the …
- … 12). In early January Falconer had written to Darwin’s brother, Erasmus Alvey Darwin, to reassure …
- … of illness. Variation , which he had begun in January 1860, and which was intended to explain his …
- … Darwin’s theory ( Correspondence vol. 11, letter from J. D. Hooker, 10 June 1863 ). …
- … The last two months of the year also saw letters from George Henslow, the son of Darwin’s mentor at …
