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To M. A. T. Whitby   12 August [1849]

Summary

Thanks MATW for the results of her experiments on the inheritance of caterpillar peculiarities and would be grateful for any further observations on differences in structure or habits between silkworm breeds, or peculiarities in inheritance.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Mary Anne Theresa Whitby
Date:  12 Aug [1849]
Classmark:  New York Academy of Medicine (MS 15)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1194

Matches: 3 hits

  • … letter to M.  A. T. Whitby, 2 September [1847] . He cited the results in Variation 1: 302. …
  • … letter to M.  A. T. Whitby, 2 September [1847] , in which CD asked about the possibility …
  • … but from CD’s letter of 2 September [1847] it is clear that this is another instance of …

From Emma Darwin to W. D. Fox   [6 March 1849]

Summary

The entire family will set out for Malvern for six to eight weeks’ trial of J. M. Gully’s water-cure.

Family news.

Author:  Emma Wedgwood; Emma Darwin
Addressee:  William Darwin Fox
Date:  [6 Mar 1849]
Classmark:  Christ’s College Library, Cambridge (MS 53 Fox 72)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1233

Matches: 2 hits

  • … the previous November. Charles Woodd Fox was born on 23 February 1847 and Francis Darwin …
  • … on 16 August 1847 ( Darwin Pedigree ). …

From J. D. Hooker   3 February 1849

Summary

Continues prior letter of this date. Has received CD’s [1202]. Thanks CD for saving his correspondence.

Sent "a yarn about species" in October mail.

Some "puerile" JDH letters printed in Athenæum.

Requests CD extract anything valuable from his letters to CD and Lyell for Athenæum.

CD’s complemental males in barnacles wonderful.

Warns CD to drop his battle about perpetuity of names in species descriptions.

Author:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  3 Feb 1849
Classmark:  Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (India letters 1847–51: 136–7 JDH/1/10)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1220

Matches: 2 hits

  • … Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (India letters 1847–51: 136–7 JDH/1/10) Joseph Dalton Hooker …
  • … printed in the London Journal of Botany (1847) 6: 604–7. See letter to H.  E. Strickland, …

To J. D. Hooker   12 October 1849

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Summary

CD thinks great dam across Yangma valley is a lateral glacial moraine.

Reports on Birmingham BAAS meeting.

Details of water-cure.

Barnacles becoming tedious; careful description shows slight differences constitute varieties, not species.

Lamination of gneiss.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:  12 Oct 1849
Classmark:  DAR 114: 116
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1260

Matches: 3 hits

  • … Sabine. 2 vols. London. Ross, James Clark. 1847. A voyage of discovery and research in the …
  • … Charles Lyell, [on or before 20 January 1847] , n.  2. According to Emma Darwin’s diary, …
  • … allusion is to an anonymous section in Ross 1847  about cattle hunting. CD knew that the …

To J. D. Dana   5 December [1849]

Summary

Comments on JDD’s book [Geology (1849)]. Is sending copies of various geological papers. Their agreements and differences on coral reefs, volcanic geology, denudation, and subsidence.

Comments on Robert Chambers’ book [Ancient sea-margins (1848)].

Asks to borrow cirripede specimens.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  James Dwight Dana
Date:  5 Dec [1849]
Classmark:  Yale University Library: Manuscripts and Archives (Dana Family Papers (MS 164) Series 1, Box 2, folder 43)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1276

Matches: 2 hits

  • … of Chicago Press. 1977. Dana, James Dwight. 1847–9. Conspectus crustaceorum, quæ in orbis …
  • … in any other group whatever’ (p.  18). Dana 1847–9 . There is no copy of this work in the …

From J. D. Hooker   30 September 1849

Summary

CD partly right. JDH was calling "stratification" what CD calls "foliation". Answers CD’s question on cleavage foliation in Himalayas. Glacial action.

Charmed by CD’s Admiralty instructions on geology [in Manual of scientific enquiry (1849), Collected papers 1: 227–50], but complains he does not give prices of books and instruments he recommends.

Author:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  30 Sept 1849
Classmark:  Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (India letters 1847–51: 217–18 JDH/1/10)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1257

Matches: 1 hit

  • … Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (India letters 1847–51: 217–18 JDH/1/10) Joseph Dalton Hooker …

From J. D. Hooker   24 June 1849

Summary

Pleasure at receiving CD’s scientific letters to JDH and Hodgson.

The H. Wedgwoods’ pecuniary loss.

Condolences at CD’s father’s death.

Rajah harasses JDH’s work. Lack of supplies, rain, malarial valleys, and landslips make going difficult. Cannot get into Tibet.

"Twenty species [of plants] here [Camp Sikkim] to one there [Tierra del Fuego?] always are asking me the vexed question, ""where do we come from?""."

From observation of terraces descending to steppes and plains of India, he thinks that the Himalayas were once a grand fiord coast.

Has information CD requested on Yangsma valley. JDH’s detailed hypothesis of origin of dam there. Does not agree with CD’s interpretation.

Author:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  24 June 1849
Classmark:  Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (India letters 1847–51: 187–8 JDH/1/10)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1247

Matches: 1 hit

  • … Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (India letters 1847–51: 187–8 JDH/1/10) Joseph Dalton Hooker …

To Abraham Clapham   10 December [1849]

Summary

Comments on AC’s experiments on Phlox and Mimulus.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Abraham Clapham
Date:  10 Dec [1849]
Classmark:  American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.86)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1278

Matches: 1 hit

  • … letter to Abraham Clapham, [29 October 1847? ] . In Variation 1: 377, CD cited Clapham on …

To J. G. Forchhammer   12 November [1849]

Summary

Encloses a letter to be forwarded to Sven Lovén, asking for a specimen of a remarkable cirripede. Still anxious to receive JGF’s specimens.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Johan Georg Forchhammer
Date:  12 Nov [1849]
Classmark:  University of Copenhagen, Mineralogical Museum Archives
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1268

Matches: 1 hit

  • … The British Association met in Oxford in 1847. There is no mention of Eschricht in the …

From J. D. Hooker   3 February 1849

Summary

Physical description of Sikkim mountains.

Travelling through Kinchin snows.

Transported boulders.

Author:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  3 Feb 1849
Classmark:  Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (India letters 1847–51: 131–5 JDH/1/10)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1219

Matches: 1 hit

  • … Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (India letters 1847–51: 131–5 JDH/1/10) Joseph Dalton Hooker …

To Charles Lyell   [2 September 1849]

Summary

Discusses effect of subsidence and elevation on deposits. Cites examples along coasts of South America and Wales. Proposes theory to explain thickness of deposits in south Wales.

Asks CL’s opinion of his theory of "craters of elevation" described in Volcanic islands.

Mentions CL’s comparison of Mississippi beds to the Pampas.

Comments on Poulett Scrope’s views on the separation of basalt and trachyte.

Describes his cirripede work.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Charles Lyell, 1st baronet
Date:  [2 Sept 1849]
Classmark:  American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.80)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1252

Matches: 2 hits

  • … Adolphe Desmier de Saint-Simon, Vicomte d’. 1847–60. Histoire des progrès de la géologie …
  • … See Volcanic islands , p.  118. Archiac 1847–60 , volumes one and two, in which étienne …

To J. D. Hooker   28 March 1849

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Summary

CD’s health and his father’s death have delayed his answer. Describes J. M. Gully’s water-cure.

JDH’s Galapagos papers [Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 20 (1851): 163–233] have excellent discussion of geographical distribution, but why no general treatment of affinities?

CD’s views on clay-slate laminae.

Turmoil in Royal Society between naturalists and physicists.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:  28 Mar 1849
Classmark:  DAR 114: 113
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1236

Matches: 2 hits

  • … from stratification. See letter to Charles Lyell, [on or before 20 January 1847] , n.   …
  • … 2. Sharpe 1847. No such paper has been found. At this time there was considerable debate …

To Robert Fitch   3 December [1849]

Summary

Asks to borrow specimen of Pollicipes from the Chalk.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Robert Fitch
Date:  3 Dec [1849]
Classmark:  Norwich Castle
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1274

Matches: 1 hit

  • … the Geological Society of London 3 (1847): 74–105. South America : Geological observations …

To George Ransome   27 [August 1849]

Summary

Regrets that state of his health prevents acceptance of invitation [to be present at inauguration of J. S. Henslow as President of Ipswich Museum in Dec 1850].

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  George Ransome
Date:  27 [Aug 1849]
Classmark:  Cleveland Health Sciences Library (Robert M. Stecher collection)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1335

Matches: 1 hit

  • … and secretary of the newly established (1847) Ipswich Museum, of which John Stevens …

To Charles Lyell   [14–28 June 1849]

Summary

Mentions illness of Emma Darwin.

Comments on CL’s Second visit to the United States [1849].

His water treatment by J. M. Gully.

CD’s contribution ["Geology"] to J. W. Herschel’s Manual of scientific enquiry [(1849), Collected papers 1: 227–50].

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Charles Lyell, 1st baronet
Date:  [14–28 June 1849]
Classmark:  American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.78)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1242

Matches: 1 hit

  • … Thames in Surrey. Horner moved there from London in 1847 (K.  M. Lyell ed. 1890, 1: 119). …
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Darwin & Glen Roy

Summary

Although Darwin was best known for his geological work in South America and other remote Beagle destinations, he made one noteworthy attempt to explain a puzzling feature of British geology.  In 1838, two years after returning from the voyage, he travelled…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … [4 September 1843] To Charles Lyell, 8 [September 1847] To Robert Chambers, 11 …

Darwin in letters, 1847-1850: Microscopes and barnacles

Summary

Darwin's study of barnacles, begun in 1844, took him eight years to complete. The correspondence reveals how his interest in a species found during the Beagle voyage developed into an investigation of the comparative anatomy of other cirripedes and…

Matches: 5 hits

  • … in the level of land came under renewed scrutiny. In 1847 David Milne, the Scottish geologist, …
  • … remains ( letter to the  Scotsman , [after 20 September 1847] ). Other letters to colleagues at …
  • … thrown away’ ( letter to Charles Lyell, 8 [September 1847] ). The second geological theory …
  • … uniqueness fully. Sometime before the end of December 1847, John Edward Gray, keeper of the …
  • … severe problem for Darwin during this period, especially in 1847 and during the last half of 1848 …

Edward Lumb

Summary

Edward Lumb was born in Yorkshire. According to the memoirs of his daughter Anne, Lady Macdonell, he travelled to Buenos Aires aged sixteen with his merchant uncle, Charles Poynton, and after some fortunate enterprises set up in business there. In 1833…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … after Darwin’s return to England, since a letter of 1847 refers to information sent through Mr …

Darwin’s reading notebooks

Summary

In April 1838, Darwin began recording the titles of books he had read and the books he wished to read in Notebook C (Notebooks, pp. 319–28). In 1839, these lists were copied and continued in separate notebooks. The first of these reading notebooks (DAR 119…

Matches: 25 hits

  • … of Anat.— Instinct by D r . Alison [W. P. Alison 1847]. No 19. July. 1840 27 Annales des …
  • … . Hooker. read Fortune’s Travels in China [Fortune 1847] read Lettres philosop. sur l …
  • … Travels in Peru (translated) [J. J. von Tschudi 1847] Gardners Travels in Brazil [Gardner …
  • … [North 1826]. (Erasmus) read Hebrew Monarchy [Newman] 1847] Berniers …
  • … 1843]. (Emma) (read) M rs  Fry’s Life [Fry 1847] Horace Walpoles letter to C t . …
  • …  animals 54 folio Plates. Maclise 2”12.6. [Maclise 1847] good for woodcuts. (Roy. Coll. of Surgeons) …
  • … to publish one. 45 Gosse. Birds of Jamaica [Gosse 1847], recommended by Yarrel …
  • … Society of Edinburgh ] Youatt on Pig [Youatt 1847]. Westminster Rev. Oct. 49. Article …
  • … [DAR *119: 23] Prescotts Peru [W. H. Prescott 1847] Sleemans Travels to Khiva. 47 …
  • … 1841] Edwardes. Voyage up Amazon [W. H. Edwards 1847].— Cunningham Life of Wilkie …
  • … Edwards Voyage up Amazon [W. H. Edwards 1847] } Home Library L …
  • … [Metzger 1841] Alison on Instinct [W. P. Alison 1847]. 79  Art. Generation [A. Thompson …
  • … 1846], skimmed. miserable [DAR 119: 18a] 1847. Jan 14 th  Mem: du Museum …
  • … 8 th  Tschudis Travels in Peru [J. J. von Tschudi 1847] 15. Skimmed 7 th  Edit of Lyell’s …
  • … 7 published end 1838.— [DAR 119: 18b] 1847 Jan 13 th  Life of Tcholtzee …
  • … —— 30 Von Ensigen’s Memoirs [Varnhagen von Ense 1847] Col. Lib Aug. 25. North’s lives of L. …
  • … Sismondi. Polit. Econ. Essay translated [Simonde de Sismondi 1847], poor Nov. 1. Goethe …
  • … —— 28 th  Sir J. Barrow autobiography [Barrow 1847].— poor [DAR 119: 19a] 1847. …
  • … Spratt & Forbes, travels in Lycia [Spratt and Forbes 1847] 12 th  Putsche & Vertuch …
  • … 9 th  H. C. Watson. Cybele Britannica [H. C. Watson 1847–59].— —— 13 th  Phytologist [ …
  • … 1824] —— Fortune Wanderings in China [Fortune 1847] Aug 6 th  Lettres Philosop. sur …
  • … Aug 16. Vestiges of Creation VI th  Edit. [Chambers 1847] —— Report of Brit. Assoc. [ …
  • … th . Report. Zoolog. 1843. 1844. Ray Soc. [Ray Society 1847] Physio-philosophy. Oken [Oken 1847]. …
  • … 6. H. Miller First Impressions of England [H. Miller 1847]. Nov. 10 Prichard Physical Researches. …
  • … Treatise [Roget 1834] 9 th  Jukes Voyage [Jukes 1847]. Vol. I & II. W. F. Edwards Des …

Referencing women’s work

Summary

Darwin's correspondence shows that women made significant contributions to Darwin's work, but whether and how they were acknowledged in print involved complex considerations of social standing, professional standing, and personal preference.…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … Letter 1113 - Darwin to Whitby, M. A. T., [2 September 1847] Darwin questions Mrs. …

Darwin in public and private

Summary

Extracts from Darwin's published works, in particular Descent of man, and selected letters, explore Darwin's views on the operation of sexual selection in humans, and both his publicly and privately expressed views on its practical implications…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … Letter 1113 - Darwin to Whitby, M. A. T., [2 September 1847] Darwin questions Mrs. …

Barnacles

Summary

Sources|Discussion Questions|Experiment Darwin and barnacles Darwin’s interest in Cirripedia, a class of marine arthropods, was first piqued by the discovery of an odd burrowing barnacle, which he later named “Mr. Arthrobalanus," while he was…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … Letter 1140 —Darwin to J. C. Ross, 31 Dec 1847 Darwin writes to James Clark Ross, officer …

Women’s scientific participation

Summary

Observers | Fieldwork | Experimentation | Editors and critics | Assistants Darwin’s correspondence helps bring to light a community of women who participated, often actively and routinely, in the nineteenth-century scientific community. Here is a…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … Letter 1113 - Darwin to Whitby, M. A. T., [2 September 1847] Darwin questions Mrs. …
  • … 1113   - Darwin to Whitby, M. A. T., [2 September 1847] Darwin asks Mrs. Whitby to …

People featured in the Dutch photograph album

Summary

Here is a list of people that appeared in the photograph album Darwin received for his birthday on 12 February 1877 from scientific admirers in the Netherlands. Many thanks to Hester Loeff for identifying and researching them. No. …

Matches: 5 hits

  • … Society   Arnhem 14 july 1847? Gorssel?     …
  • … Middle School   Den Haag 15 october 1847 Dublin (Thomastown?) …
  • … Physician   Amsterdam 1847 Amsterdam 3 November 1909 …
  • … School.   Rotterdam 20 august 1847 Rotterdam 8 january 1934 …
  • … Society.   Rhoon 17 august 1847 Rhoon 19 November 1909 …

Scientific Practice

Summary

Specialism|Experiment|Microscopes|Collecting|Theory Letter writing is often seen as a part of scientific communication, rather than as integral to knowledge making. This section shows how correspondence could help to shape the practice of science, from…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … Letter 1140 — Darwin, C. R. to Ross, J. C., 31 Dec 1847 Darwin asks Ross to collect …

People featured in the Dutch photograph album

Summary

List of people appearing in the photograph album Darwin received from scientific admirers in the Netherlands for his birthday on 12 February 1877. We are grateful to Hester Loeff for providing this list and for permission to make her research available.…

Matches: 5 hits

  • … Society   Arnhem 14 July 1847? Gorssel?     …
  • … Middle School   Den Haag 15 October 1847 Dublin (Thomastown?) …
  • … Physician   Amsterdam 1847 Amsterdam 3 November 1909 …
  • … School.   Rotterdam 20 August 1847 Rotterdam 8 January 1934 …
  • … Society.   Rhoon 17 August 1847 Rhoon 19 November 1909 …

Living and fossil cirripedia

Summary

Darwin published four volumes on barnacles, the crustacean sub-class Cirripedia, between 1851 and 1854, two on living species and two on fossil species. Written for a specialist audience, they are among the most challenging and least read of Darwin’s works…

Matches: 3 hits

  • … shell of Concholepas , a Chilean abalone. By February, 1847, Darwin had expanded his study and …
  • … work of comparative anatomy, but it was only at the end of 1847 that Darwin decided to undertake a …
  • … Bowerbank, who had founded the Palaeontographical Society in 1847. ‘With respect to publication of …

4.4 Thomas Huxley, caricature sketch

Summary

< Back to Introduction This amusing sketch signed by Thomas Huxley is in a letter that he wrote to Darwin on 20 July 1868. By the late 1860s, Origin of Species had given rise to extreme adulation of Darwin on the part of some of the younger German…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … affectionate caricature of him twenty-one years earlier, in 1847, for the amusement of their young …
  • … 1991), p. 562, illus. 75. For the ‘grotesque drawing’ of 1847: leaflet in the Wedgwood Museum …

People featured in the German and Austrian photograph album

Summary

Biographical details of people from the Habsburg Empire that appeared in the album of German and Austrian scientists sent to Darwin on 12 February 1877. We are grateful to Johannes Mattes for providing these details and for permission to make his…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … Bern and Berlin (Dr., 1846). Habilitation in physics (1847) and professor in Bern (1849). Brunner …
  • … grammar and writing at the Polytechnic Institute in Vienna (1847), editor-in-chief of the …

Elizabeth Darwin born

Summary

Daughter Elizabeth (Bessie) born

Matches: 1 hits

  • … Daughter Elizabeth (Bessie) born …

Darwin in letters, 1844–1846: Building a scientific network

Summary

The scientific results of the Beagle voyage still dominated Darwin's working life, but he broadened his continuing investigations into the nature and origin of species. Far from being a recluse, Darwin was at the heart of British scientific society,…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … the open. In the event, it was not until the beginning of 1847 that Hooker was given a fair copy of …
  • …  vol. 4, letter to J. D. Hooker, 8 [February 1847]). Darwin can be seen as a cautious strategist, …

Darwin’s study of the Cirripedia

Summary

Darwin’s work on barnacles, conducted between 1846 and 1854, has long posed problems for historians. Coming between his transmutation notebooks and the Origin of species, it has frequently been interpreted as a digression from Darwin’s species work. Yet…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … state of disarray in the taxonomy of the group. Late in 1847, John Edward Gray, keeper of the …

Darwin’s observations on his children

Summary

Charles Darwin’s observations on the development of his children, began the research that culminated in his book The Expression of the emotions in man and animals, published in 1872, and his article ‘A biographical sketch of an infant’, published in Mind…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … George Howard, born 9 July 1845; Elizabeth, born 8 July 1847; Francis, born 16 August 1848; Leonard, …
  • … Litchfield papers, CUL). [60] Elizabeth Darwin, born 1847. She was always referred to as …

George Peacock

Summary

George Peacock was born 9 April 1791 in Denton near Darlington in Yorkshire. He was the son of a clergyman, the Rev. Thomas Peacock, curate of Denton for 50 years and school master. George was educated at Sedbergh School, Cumbria and Richmond School in…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … and the treasures that might be brought home. In 1847, at the age of 56, he married Frances …

'An Appeal' against animal cruelty

Summary

The four-page pamphlet transcribed below and entitled 'An Appeal', was composed jointly by Emma and Charles Darwin (see letter from Emma Darwin to W. D. Fox, [29 September 1863]). The pamphlet, which protested against the cruelty of steel vermin…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … 1980, pp. 60–2, 124–128, Worster 1985, pp. 179–80, 184–7). An appeal It is a …
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