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Darwin Correspondence Project

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To C. G. Ehrenberg 19 April [1845]

Summary

Sends small specimens for CGE to examine if he wishes.

Thanks CGE for his letter on Atlantic Dust: CD hopes to send a little paper to the Geological Society of London.

If CGE should examine Pampæan mud, CD would like to know the result.

Author:	Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:	Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg
Date:	19 Apr [1845]
Classmark:	Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (MfN/HBSB, N005 NL Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg Nr. 43 Bl. 9–10)
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-857F

Matches: 11 hits

… gave the results of his analysis in his letter of 8 April 1845 ( ibid. ); see also Journal …
… to examine if he wishes. Thanks CGE for his letter on Atlantic Dust: CD hopes to send a …
… The year is established by the relationship between this letter, …
… the letter from C. G. …
… Ehrenberg, 13 March 1845 , and the letter to C. G. Ehrenberg, 21 …
… May [1845] ( Correspondence vol. 3). This letter was evidently written before …
… CD received Ehrenberg’s letter of 8 April 1845 ( ibid. ). Hugh Cuming visited Europe …
… 63). CD had offered these specimens in his letter of 23 March [1845] ( Correspondence vol. …
… pp. 178ff. See Correspondence vol. 3, letter from C. G. Ehrenberg, 13 March 1845 ; CD’s …
… was read on 4 June 1845. See Correspondence vol. 3, letter to C. G. Ehrenberg, 23 …
… exceedingly obliged to you for your last letter on the Atlantic Dust & I will before long …

From the principal inhabitants of Down to the secretary of the Post Office [1845–51?]

Summary

Complain about the postal service to Down and urgently request improvement.

Author:	Principal inhabitants of Down
Addressee:	Secretary of the Post Office
Date:	[1845–51?]
Classmark:	DAR 96: 6
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-3359

Matches: 13 hits

… your attention to the arrangement for the delivery our letters. Although but a small …
… place we receive an average from 50 to 60 letters & newspapers &c. …
… daily. — A letter posted by general post in London we receive not until after 9 oclock the …
… day. But our chief grievance is that a letter written in any part of Great Britain (except …
… past 9 on the Wednesday morning; such letters lying 23 hours at Bromley, only six miles …
… is that the Down Postman delivers all letters in Farnborugh, & our delivery has been …
… a change granted us a few years ago, our letters leave this place at one oclock, by which …
… date range is suggested by the fact that, at the time of writing, letters posted to Down …
… from outside London, and letters posted within London, were evidently arriving at Bromley …
… morning dispatch to Down. ‘London and all letters’ were delivered to Bromley at the same …
… the six home counties for 1845 and 1851, letters were arriving at Down at 8:00 A.M. during …
… was appointed in March 1845 to take letters to and from Bromley to Farnborough and Down ( …
… in 1846 (see Correspondence vol. 3, letter to J. D. Hooker, [May 1846] ). Rowland …

To Hugh Falconer [1845?–7 or 1857–64]

Summary

Arranges a time for visiting HF.

Author:	Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:	Hugh Falconer
Date:	1845-7 or 1857-64
Classmark:	DAR 144: 21
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-2305

Matches: 10 hits

… Henslow, 6 May 1849 , Correspondence vol. 5, letter to Edward Sabine, 28 June [1854] , …
… Correspondence vol. 7, letter to W. D. Fox, [12 February 1859] , and Emma Darwin’s …
… in June 1847 (see Correspondence vol. 4, letter to J. D. Hooker, [10 June 1847] ); …
… knocked up’ ( Correspondence vol. 10, letter to Hugh Falconer, 1 October [1862] ). They …
… February 1863 (see Correspondence vol. 11, letter to Hugh Falconer, 20 [January 1863] ). …
… in 1854, February 1859, and September 1863 (see Correspondence vol. 4, letter to J. S. …
… meet again until at least November 1859 (see Correspondence vol. 6, letter to J. D. …
… 5 April [1857] ; Correspondence vol. 7, letter from Hugh Falconer, 25 October and 12 …
… 1860 and May 1862 ( Correspondence vol. 8, letter to Charles Lyell, 28 August [1860] ; …
… Correspondence vol. 10, letter to J. D. Hooker, 9 May [1862] ). In October 1862 CD …

To W. J. Hooker [25 August 1845]

Summary

Encloses a testimonial letter for J. D. Hooker [see 907]. If WJH thinks the letter could be improved CD will alter it. Feels it a disgrace that a professor should be appointed by men "who never heard of Humboldt & Brown".

Author:	Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:	William Jackson Hooker
Date:	[25 Aug 1845]
Classmark:	Norwich Castle
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-906

Matches: 7 hits

… Encloses a testimonial letter for J. D. …
… Hooker [see 907 ]. If WJH thinks the letter could be improved CD will alter it. Feels it a …
… Date taken from the enclosure, see letter to W. J. …
… August 1845 (calendar number 907 ). See letter to W. J. Hooker, 25 August 1845 (calendar …
… particular kindness, that if the enclosed letter can anyway be improved, that you will …
… you? I am sure you will believe, that if my letter was to be shown to a body of scientific …
… presumptuously. The only possible good my letter can do, is adding one more in number. — I …

To John Murray [5 April 1845]

Summary

Thanks for note. Believes agreement with Henry Colburn does not cover 2d ed. of Journal of researches. Regrets Murray’s Colonial Library series will require one-fifth reduction of text; will consult Lyell on how to reduce scientific part. Prefers that JM consult with Colburn, but in case he declines, encloses draft of letter he would send to Colburn. Anticipates co-operation of Colburn, as he has paid CD nothing for 1st ed. of Journal.

Author:	Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:	John Murray
Date:	[5 Apr 1845]
Classmark:	National Library of Scotland (John Murray Archive) (Ms.42152 ff.3–7)
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-851

Matches: 7 hits

… Although CD dated this letter ‘Saturday 6 t h’, the actual date of the …
… Saturday was 5 April. See letter to John Murray, 20 March [1845] . …
… Murray evidently agreed to do this, see letters to John Murray , [10 April 1845] , 12 …
… in case he declines, encloses draft of letter he would send to Colburn. Anticipates co- …
… understood. But of course I must abide by the letter of the agreement, & of this you must …
… I w d take the liberty of showing you my letter: it occurs that, as my Journal w d be …
… with M r Colburn, I enclose a draft of the letter, I sh d then propose to send to him: I …

To J. D. Hooker [22 July – 19 August 1845]

Summary

Thanks for facts on solitary islands having several species of peculiar genera; "it knocks on the head some analogies of mine".

Has long been trying to discover in how many flowers crossing is probable, but finds it difficult to show "even a vague probability of this".

Will JDH proof-read Galapagos chapter of Journal of researches?

Gives information on his Galapagos collection; explains why it differs from others.

Author:	Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:	Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:	[22 July – 19 Aug 1845]
Classmark:	DAR 114: 37
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-892

Matches: 9 hits

… Dated by the relationship to the letter from J. D. …
… Hooker, [mid-July 1845] , and the letter to J. D. Hooker, [15 or 22 August 1845] . …
… through time on pp. 173–5. See also letter to J. D. Hooker, [8 September 1844] . It is …
… has apparently omitted the word ‘not’. See letter to J. D. Hooker, [11–12 July 1845] , in …
… Hooker with many thanks for your long letter, always most interesting to me. Ever yours | …
… in abstract form in the Athenæum (see letter to J. D. Hooker, [11–12 July 1845] , n. …
… Darwin Library–CUL. See Correspondence vol. 2, letter from Susan Elizabeth Darwin, [early …
… Yew. And now for the main object of my letter; it is to ask, whether you would just run …
… how long you stay at Kinnordy, so that my letter might catch you. — You ought to find out …

To J. D. Hooker [11–12 July 1845]

Summary

A son [George Howard Darwin] was born on Wednesday.

Sends queries on Galapagos flora.

Discusses JDH’s comments on [Journal of researches].

CD feels that with his views on descent "really Nat. Hist. becomes a sublimely grand result-giving subject".

"How differently people view the same subject, for I look at insular Floras … as leading to an opposite view to yours."

Author:	Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:	Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:	[11–12 July 1845]
Classmark:	DAR 114: 36, 100: 43–7
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-889

Matches: 13 hits

… Darwin , born 9 July 1845. See enclosure, transcribed following this letter, and Hooker’ …
… s reply ( letter from J. D. Hooker, [after 12 July 1845] ). See …
… Athenæum , no. 910, 5 April 1845, p. 337. See letter from J. D. Hooker, 5 July 1845 , in …
… to ask & several points in your last letter, which I should much enjoy discussing with …
… Willoughby Cole , 3d Earl of Enniskillen. See letter from Philip de Malpas Grey-Egerton, …
… in the Irish yew. CD is referring to the letter from J. D. Hooker, [28 April 1845] . At …
… if I had the vigour, fill half a dozen letters in discussing the many most interesting …
… points you allude to in your letters, which always delight me & tell me much. — I am glad …
… opposite view to yours. (I must leave this letter till tomorrow, for I am tired; but I so …
… am particularly glad to observe in your former letter that you have plants in your Fathers …
… the grievous state of Prof. Graham. — What a letter I have written you! God Help you! Ever …
… Bory de Saint-Vincent 1804 ). See letter to J. D. Hooker, 25 December [1844] , and …
… C : 151). CD clarifies his meaning in letter to J. D. Hooker, [22 July – 19 August …

To George Robert Waterhouse [after 22 May 1845]

Summary

Thanks him for describing the niata ox.

He is delighted that GRW is grappling with Galápagos insects. Needs to know immediately whether any entomologists beside GRW, Walker and A. White have described his insects.

Author:	Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:	George Robert Waterhouse
Date:	[after 22 May 1845]
Classmark:	Bloomsbury Auctions (dealers) (1990)
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-864A

Matches: 8 hits

… The date is established by the relationship between this letter and …
… the letter from G. R. Waterhouse, 21[–22] May 1845 ( Correspondence vol. 3). …
… in the Galapagos Islands’. See Correspondence vol. 3, letters from G. R. Waterhouse, …
… see Freeman 1977 , p. 35). The original letter is complete and is described in the sale …
… 22] May 1845 , and [ c. June 1845] (first letter) and n. 1. See Journal of researches 2d …
… Arachnida’ collected by CD ( A. White 1841 ). No letter from White has been found in CD’s …
… in the southern part of Patagonia’ (see Correspondence vol. 3, letter to J. D. …
… Hooker, [4 June 1845] , and letter from B. J. Sulivan, 13 January – 12 February 1845) . …

From William Hopkins 3 March 1845

Summary

Comments on a compass diagram designed to show the dip, strike, and anticlinal lines of a geological formation.

Author:	William Hopkins
Addressee:	Charles Robert Darwin
Date:	3 Mar 1845
Classmark:	DAR 39: 53
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-835

Matches: 6 hits

… the publication of South America , see letters from William Hopkins , 27 April 1846 and …
… 5 May 1846 . These three letters from Hopkins are discussed in Schwartz 1980 . …
… Schwartz, Joel S. 1980. Three unpublished letters to Charles Darwin: the solution to a “ …
… I will send you a copy shortly of my letters on glaciers. Your’s very truly | W Hopkins. …
… Montes, Chile (see Correspondence vol. 1, letter to J. S. Henslow, [10–]13 March 1835 , …
… answer immediately but since I received your letter till within a few days I have been so …

To Hugh Falconer 8 March [1845?]

Summary

Has written down what he gathered from HF on Tibetan dogs. Would welcome a few more details at any time, as he knows of nothing parallel to it.

Author:	Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:	Hugh Falconer
Date:	8 Mar [1845?]
Classmark:	Raab Collection (dealer) (2 October 2013)
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-1839

Matches: 7 hits

… See also Correspondence vol. 3, letter to Adolf von Morlot, 28 November [1844] and n. 6. …
… The year is conjectured from the relationship between this letter and …
… the letter to Hugh Falconer [December? 1844] (see n. …
… 2, below). A copy of this letter in DAR 144: 19 was published in Correspondence vol. …
… 6 with the date 8 March [1857]. The original letter later appeared in a Raab Collection …
… see Correspondence vol. 24, Supplement, letter to Hugh Falconer, [December? 1844] and n. …
… 1844 (see Correspondence vol. 24, Supplement, letter to Hugh Falconer, [December? 1844] ). …

From John Higgins 2 October 1845

Summary

Sends a list of the work he feels should be done at Beesby [Lincolnshire] to put the farm in order. Hopes to get purchase deeds completed by 10 October.

Author:	John Higgins
Addressee:	Charles Robert Darwin
Date:	2 Oct 1845
Classmark:	DAR 210.10: 8
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-918

Matches: 6 hits

… crossed pencil On cover : ‘Papers, Plan, Letters about Beesby Estate Oct. — 1845. —’ ink …
… business year. Papers enclosed with this letter indicate that the purchase was completed …
… Enclosed with this letter is an itemised list of the proposed improvements. CD’s …
… during 1846 for farm buildings at Beesby. See also letter to John Higgins, 27 May [1846] . …
… This letter has not been found. The use of liquid manure (urine) had been strongly …
… to do so; and I enclose a copy of his Letter. — I have also fully estimated the size most …

To William Jackson Hooker [23 August 1845]

Summary

Will be pleased to provide a testimonial for J. D. Hooker, who is seeking the Chair in Botany at Edinburgh, but fears he himself is so little known that it could only be of the smallest service. Has asked Lyell to write to J. F. W. Herschel giving an opinion of J. D. Hooker.

Author:	Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:	William Jackson Hooker
Date:	[23 Aug 1845]
Classmark:	Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (Directors’ Correspondence: English letters 1845, 23: 147)
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-904

Matches: 4 hits

… Kew (Directors’ Correspondence: English letters 1845, 23: 147) Charles Robert Darwin …
… Dated by the relationship to the letters to W. J. Hooker, [25 August 1845] …
… 25 August 1845 . See Correspondence , vol. 1, letter to J. S. Henslow, 9 July 1836 , for …
… gratify me. — I will write tomorrow a letter addressed to you, & if it does not turn out …

To C. G. Ehrenberg 23 March [1845]

Summary

Cannot doubt that Atlantic dust comes from Africa. Could Gulf Stream have brought South American organisms to African coast?

Has come to same conclusion as CGE on volcanic origin of Patagonian stone. Formation extends 550 miles.

Could CGE examine Pampas mud to see if Infusoria are freshwater or salt-water? Results would be important.

Author:	Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:	Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg
Date:	23 Mar [1845]
Classmark:	Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (MfN/HBSB, N005 NL Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg Nr. 43)
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-845

Matches: 6 hits

… pp. 88, 248, and Correspondence vol. 2, letter to Charles Lyell, [16 December 1843] . …
… The postmarks are illegible, but the letter is clearly a …
… reply to the letter from C. G. Ehrenberg, 13 March 1845 . Ehrenberg …
… In his paper he printed extracts from this letter and in a footnote said, ‘I found them in …
… all of the specimens’ (p. 143). See letter to C. G. Ehrenberg, 21 May [1845] , and …
… or intend publishing the substance of the letter to me, that I may refer to it & copy …

To C. G. Ehrenberg 29 October [1845]

Summary

Sends specimens. Asks for information about specimens from Rio Gallegos.

What does CGE mean by the term "Fluthgebiete"?

French translation gives impression that Ehrenberg attributes Pampas deposit to debacle.

Author:	Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:	Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg
Date:	29 Oct [1845]
Classmark:	Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (MfN/HBSB, N005 NL Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg Nr. 43)
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-923

Matches: 4 hits

… or debacle; whereas I understood from your letter, that you considered it, as I do, as an …
… See letters from B. J. Sulivan, …
… 13 January – 12 February 1845 and 4 July 1845 . See letter from C. G. Ehrenberg, 8 April …
… 1845b . His eventual reply to CD’s query ( letter from C. G. Ehrenberg, 11 March 1846 ) …

To John Lort Stokes [November–December 1845]

Summary

Comments on book by George Grey [Journals of two expeditions of discovery in north-west and Western Australia (1841)]. "The whole expedition was that of a set of School Boys".

Author:	Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:	John Lort Stokes
Date:	[Nov–Dec 1845]
Classmark:	DAR 144: 121b
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-940

Matches: 6 hits

… In some unknown way this letter fell into the hands …
… of George Grey , see letter from George Grey, 10 May 1846 . …
… Since letters took about seven months to travel …
… between England and New Zealand (see letter from George Grey, 10 May 1846 , received by CD …
… 3 November 1846), it seems probable that this letter was written late in 1845. Stokes had …
… contradicted remarks in Grey 1841 (see letter to J. L. Stokes, 3 November 1846 ). Stokes …

From Trenham Reeks 8 February 1845

Summary

Sends results of chemical tests on specimens [of salt, see South America, pp. 73–5].

Encloses abstract from Justus Liebig on composition of bones and their ability to withstand decay.

Author:	Trenham Reeks
Addressee:	Charles Robert Darwin
Date:	8 Feb 1845
Classmark:	DAR 39: 43–4, 49–50
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-825

Matches: 7 hits

… salt for cheese’ ink Verso last page of letter : ‘Mr Phillips (about Patagonian tuff. ) | …
… See letter to Trenham Reeks, [before 8 February 1845] . For the use CD made of these …
… sodium chloride. Richard Phillips (see letter from Trenham Reeks, 14 March 1845 ). Henry …
… crossed ink crossed ink Top of first page of letter : ‘1845 Gardeners Chronicle p. 93—on …
… good] for cheese’ pencil, circled pencil At end of letter : ‘Gardeners’ Chron. 45 p. …
… meat. For Reeks’s later analysis see letter from Trenham Reeks, 25 February 1845 . CD had …
… with his question concerning No. 25 in his letter to Reeks, [before 8 February 1845] . CD …

To J. D. Hooker [10 February 1845]

Summary

Congratulates JDH and condoles with him on possible position at Edinburgh. Although CD will miss him bitterly, he encourages JDH to view it as a good opportunity.

Sorry to hear that Humboldt is failing.

Author:	Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:	Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:	[10 Feb 1845]
Classmark:	DAR 114: 27
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-826

Matches: 6 hits

… Humboldt 1814–29 . See Autobiography , pp. 67–8. The Obi in Siberia, see letter to J. D. …
… Hooker, [10–11 November 1844] , n. 7, and letter from J. D. Hooker, [late February …
… Hooker’s ‘agreeable letter’ has not been found. Hooker had been invited to teach at …
… plainly Graham’s choice as successor (see letter from J. D. Hooker, [23] March 1845 ). …
… I am much obliged for your very agreeable letter; it was very goodnatured, in the midst of …
… dissipation, to think of writing so long a letter to me. I am astonished at your news & I …

To W. J. Hooker 25 August 1845

Summary

A letter in support of J. D. Hooker as a candidate for Edinburgh Chair in Botany. No one better qualified. Wishes him success.

Author:	Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:	William Jackson Hooker
Date:	25 Aug 1845
Classmark:	Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (J. D. Hooker testimonials JDH/4/5)
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-907

Matches: 2 hits

… A letter in support of J. D. Hooker as a candidate for Edinburgh Chair in Botany. No one …
… CD’s letter was printed in J. D. Hooker 1845c , a volume of 153 testimonials printed in …

To J. D. Hooker [May 1845]

Summary

Returns notes on Confervae.

Has had information from Ehrenberg on organic forms in Atlantic dust.

Thanks for sketch of Galapagos flora.

Author:	Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:	Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:	[May 1845]
Classmark:	DAR 114: 33
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-863

Matches: 6 hits

… based on Hooker’s arrival in Edinburgh, see letter from J. D. Hooker, [28 April 1845] . …
… Leeuwin, Journal of researches , p. 15. See letter from J. D. Hooker, [2–6 April 1845] , …
… voyage in the Astrolabe and Zélée ( Dumont d’Urville [1841–54] ), see letter to J. D. …
… Hooker, 22 [January 1845] , and letter from J. D. Hooker, [late February 1845] . …
… Bromley Kent Thursday. My dear Hooker Every letter of mine to you ought & must begin with …
… to think of writing merely to answer this letter; but if at any time the spirit moves you …

To C. G. Ehrenberg 23 January [1845]

Summary

Would like sketch returned [see 775].

Would be particularly thankful for result of CGE’s observations on earth of Pampas.

Asks that Ernst Dieffenbach return copperplate and woodcuts.

Author:	Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:	Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg
Date:	23 Jan [1845]
Classmark:	Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (MfN/HBSB, N005 NL Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg Nr. 43)
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-819

Matches: 2 hits

… See letter to C. G. Ehrenberg, 5 …
… 1844] . See Correspondence vol. 2, letter to Ernst Dieffenbach, 19 July [1843] . …

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Links index

Summary

https://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/letter/?docId=letters/DCP-LETT-13860.xml       https://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/letter/?docId=letters/DCP-LETT-13861.xml       https://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/letter/?docId=letters/DCP-LETT-13862.xml       https://www…

Matches: 1 hits

… https://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/letter/?docId=letters/DCP-LETT-13860.xml       https://www …

Women’s scientific participation

Summary

Observers | Fieldwork | Experimentation | Editors and critics | Assistants Darwin’s correspondence helps bring to light a community of women who participated, often actively and routinely, in the nineteenth-century scientific community. Here is a…

Matches: 30 hits

… Observers Women: Letter 1194 - Darwin to Whitby, M. A. T., [12 August …
… silkworm breeds, or peculiarities in inheritance. Letter 3787 - Darwin, H. E. to …
… observations of cats’ instinctive behaviour. Letter 4258 - Becker, L. E. to Darwin, …
… to artificially fertilise plants in her garden. Letter 4523 - Wedgwood, L. C. to …
… be made on seeds of Pulmonaria officinalis . Letter 5745 - Barber, M. E. to …
… Expression from her home in South Africa. Letter 6736 - Gray, A. & J. L …
… Expression during a trip to Egypt. Letter 7223 - Darwin to Wedgwood, L. C., …
… expression of emotion in her pet dog and birds. Letter 5817 - Darwin to Huxley, T. …
… is making similar observations for him. Letter 6535 - Vaughan Williams , M. S. …
… of a crying baby to Darwin's daughter, Henrietta. Letter 7179 - Wedgwood, …
… briefly on her ongoing observations of wormholes. Letter 8611 - Cupples, A. J. …
… expression of emotion in dogs with Emma Darwin. Letter 8676 - Treat, M. to Darwin, …
… birds, insects or plants on Darwin’s behalf. Letter 8683 - Roberts, D. to …
… of an angry pig and her niece’s ears. Letter 8701 - Lubbock, E. F . to Darwin, …
… that she make observations of her pet cats. Letter 8989 - Treat, M. to Darwin, [28 …
… on her experiments with fly-catching Drosera . Letter 9426 - Story …
… without the birds attacking the buds and flowers. Letter 9616 - Marshall, T. to …
… and her father of plants and insects. Men: Letter 2221 - Blyth, E. to Darwin …
… specimens and bird observations from Calcutta. Letter 3634 - Darwin to Gray, A., [1 …
… “enthusiasm and indomitable patience”. Letter 4242 - Hildebrand, F. H. G. to Darwin …
… contained in “a little treatise”. Letter 4436 - Darwin to Hooker, J. D., [26-27 …
… he has moved one or two of them into his bedroom. Letter 5602 - Sutton, S. to …
… expression of emotion in chimpanzees and orangs. Letter 5705 - Haast, J. F. J. von …
… to show in his museum in Canterbury, New Zealand. Letter 6453 - Langton, E. to …
… to be attracted to dark spots on the wallpaper. Letter 5756 - Langton, E. & C. …
… the black letters in a marble tablet”. Letter 6815 - Scott, J. to Darwin, [2 July …
… Fieldwork Women: Letter 1701 - Morris, M. H. to Prior, R. C. A., [17 June …
… on the shores of mountain lakes in Pennsylvania. Letter 3681 - Wedgwood, M. S. to …
… and her sisters while on holiday in Llandudno. Letter 4823 - Wedgwood, L. C. to …
… the fields around her home at Leith Hill Place. Letter 6139 - Doubleday, H. to …

Darwin in letters, 1863: Quarrels at home, honours abroad

Summary

At the start of 1863, Charles Darwin was actively working on the manuscript of The variation of animals and plants under domestication, anticipating with excitement the construction of a hothouse to accommodate his increasingly varied botanical experiments…

Matches: 23 hits

… that he was ‘unwell & must write briefly’ ( letter to John Scott, 31 May [1863] ), and in a …
… persevered with his work on Variation until 20 July, his letter-writing dwindled considerably. The …
… from ‘some Quadrumanum animal’, as he put it in a letter to J. D. Hooker of 24[–5] February [1863] …
… ‘I declare I never in my life read anything grander’ ( letter to T. H. Huxley, 26 [February 1863] …
… than Origin had (see Correspondence vol. 8, letter to Charles Lyell, 10 January [1860] ). …
… from animals like the woolly mammoth and cave bear ( see letter from Jacques Boucher de Perthes, 23 …
… leap from that of inferior animals made him ‘groan’ ( letter to Charles Lyell, 6 March [1863] ). …
… out that species were not separately created’ ( letter to Charles Lyell, 17 March [1863] ). Public …
… book he wished his one-time mentor had not said a word ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 24[–5] February …
… I respect you, as my old honoured guide & master’ ( letter to Charles Lyell, 6 March [1863] ). …
… against stronger statements regarding species change ( letter from Charles Lyell, 11 March 1863 ). …
… thinking, while Huxley’s book would scare them off ( see letter from Asa Gray, 20 April 1863 ). In …
… change of species by descent put him ‘into despair’ ( letter to Asa Gray, 11 May [1863] ). In the …
… disaffected towards Lyell and his book. In a February letter to the Athenæum , a weekly review of …
… find great difficulty in answering Owen unaided ’ ( letter from J. D. Hooker, [23 February 1863] …
… of so much of Lyell’s book being written by others’ ( letter from J. D. Hooker, [23 February 1863] …
… is wretched to see men fighting so for a little fame’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 17 March [1863] ). …
… overt act, and I shall watch for a fitting opportunity’ ( letter to Hugh Falconer, 5 [and 6] …
… God demented Owen, as a punishment for his crimes… ?’ ( letter from Hugh Falconer, 3 January [1863] …
… Darwin’, a transitional form between reptiles and birds ( letter from Hugh Falconer, 3 January …
… a significant gap had been filled in the fossil record ( letter to Hugh Falconer, 5 [and 6] January …
… continued to capture his and others’ attention ( see letter to J. D. Dana, 20 February [1863] , …
… or origin of species’, Darwin considered writing a letter to the Athenæum in response ( letter …

Darwin in letters, 1874: A turbulent year

Summary

The year 1874 was one of consolidation, reflection, and turmoil for Darwin. He spent the early months working on second editions of Coral reefs and Descent of man; the rest of the year was mostly devoted to further research on insectivorous plants. A…

Matches: 24 hits

… be done by observation during prolonged intervals’ ( letter to D. T. Gardner, [ c . 27 August …
… pleasures of shooting and collecting beetles ( letter from W. D. Fox, 8 May [1874] ). Such …
… And … one looks backwards much more than forwards’ ( letter to W. D. Fox, 11 May [1874] ). …
… was an illusory hope.— I feel very old & helpless’ ( letter to B. J. Sulivan, 6 January [1874] …
… inferred that he was well from his silence on the matter ( letter from Ernst Haeckel, 26 October …
… in such rubbish’, he confided to Joseph Dalton Hooker ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 18 January [1874] …
… that Mr Williams was ‘a cheat and an imposter’ ( letter from T. H. Huxley, 27 January 1874 ). …
… his, ‘& that he was thus free to perform his antics’ ( letter to T. H. Huxley, 29 January [1874 …
… Darwin had allowed ‘a spirit séance’ at his home ( letter from T. G. Appleton, 2 April 1874 ). …
… edition, published in 1842 ( Correspondence vol. 21, letter to Smith, Elder & Co., 17 …
… Hooker, and finally borrowed one from Charles Lyell ( letter to Smith, Elder & Co., 8 January …
… to take so sweetly all the horrid bother of correction’ ( letter to H. E. Litchfield, 21 [March …
… sent an apology for misinterpreting Darwin on this point ( letter from J. D. Dana, 21 July 1874 ); …
… numbers and sex ratios among the Pitcairn islanders ( letter from William Dealtry, 16 January 1874 …
… will say that I have pounded the enemy into a jelly’ ( letter from T. H. Huxley, 14 April 1874 ). …
… by none but anatomists; and never mind where it goes’ ( letter from T. H. Huxley, 16 April 1874 ). …
… the return on subsequent print runs would be very good ( letter from R. F. Cooke, 12 November 1874 …
… by the conciseness & clearness of your thought’ ( letter from G. H. Darwin, 20 April 1874 ). …
… legal action over the ‘scurrilous libel’ on his son ( letter to G. H. Darwin, [27 July 1874] ). …
… false, scurrilous accusation of [a] lying scoundrel’ ( letter to G. H. Darwin, 1 August [1874] ). …
… as father and son agonised over the wording of both the letter to the editor and the letter to …
… relationship with Murray on the outcome ( enclosure to letter from G. H. Darwin, 6 [August] 1874 ) …
… is refused I’m really no worse off than if I had sent my letter direct to the Editor & it had …
… previous publications to review me in a hostile spirit’ ( letter to John Murray, 11 August 1874 ). …

Darwin in letters, 1862: A multiplicity of experiments

Summary

1862 was a particularly productive year for Darwin. This was not only the case in his published output (two botanical papers and a book on the pollination mechanisms of orchids), but more particularly in the extent and breadth of the botanical experiments…

Matches: 30 hits

… but really I do think you have a good right to be so’ ( letter from J. D. Hooker, [15 and] 20 …
… species. Darwin attempted to dissuade him from this view ( letter to T. H. Huxley, 14 [January 1862 …
… partially sterile together. He failed. Huxley replied ( letter from T. H. Huxley, 20 January 1862 …
… and pronounced them ‘simply perfect’, but continued ( letter to T. H. Huxley, 18 December [1862] ) …
… resigned to their difference of opinion, but complained ( letter to T. H. Huxley, 28 December [1862 …
… letters, Darwin, impressed, gave him the commission ( see letter to John Scott, 11 December [1862] …
… protégé, telling Hooker: ‘he is no common man’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 12 [December 1862] ). …
… Towards the end of the year, he wrote to Hooker ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 12 [December 1862] ): …
… and added, ‘new cases are tumbling in almost daily’ ( letter to Asa Gray, 22 January [1862] ). In …
… hopeful, became increasingly frustrated, telling Hooker ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 7 March [1862] ) …
… on the problem: ‘the labour is great’, he told Gray ( letter to Asa Gray, 10–20 June [1862] ), ‘I …
… resulted from his ‘ enormous labour over them’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 14 [October 1862] ; …
… Oliver: ‘I can see at least 3 classes of dimorphism’ ( letter to Daniel Oliver, 12 [April 1862] ), …
… result once out of four or five sets of experiments’ ( letter to M. T. Masters, 24 July [1862] ). …
… one species may be said to be generically distinct’ ( letter to Asa Gray, 14 July [1862] ). The …
… and determined to publish on Linum ‘at once’ ( letter to John Scott, 11 December [1862] ), …
… d . like to make out this wonderfully complex case—’ ( letter to Daniel Oliver, 29 [July 1862] ). …
… The case clearly excited Darwin, who exclaimed to Gray ( letter to Asa Gray, 9 August [1862] ), ‘I …
… that the case warranted a paper for the Linnean Society ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 6 October [1862] …
… that had given him ‘great pleasure to ride’ ( letter to Asa Gray, 22 January [1862] ). But he …
… know not in the least , whether the Book will sell’ ( letter to John Murray, 9 [February 1862] …
… govern the structure of almost every flower’ ( letter to Daniel Oliver, 8 June [1862] ). …
… so doubtful about anything I published’, he told Hooker ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 15 [May 1862] ). …
… May, and George Bentham pronounced it ‘most valuable’ (letter from George Bentham, 15 May 1862). …
… in writing the book, it was, after all, ‘a success’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 30 [June 1862] ). …
… power of natural selection. He made the point to Hooker ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 14 March [1862] …
… the truth of natural selection through the back door ( letter to Asa Gray, 23[–4] July [1862] ). …
… ‘nearly overcome his opposition to the Origin ’ ( letter from Asa Gray, 2–3 July 1862 ). …
… with ‘good dashes of original reflexions’ ( letter to H. W. Bates, 13 January [1862] ). He warmly …
… sent Darwin a few of their letters; Darwin remarked ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 26 [March 1862] ): …

John Murray

Summary

Darwin's most famous book On the origin of species by means of natural selection (Origin) was published on 22 November 1859. The publisher was John Murray, who specialised in non-fiction, particularly politics, travel and science, and had published…

Matches: 20 hits

… end of 1845, Darwin was not happy with Colburn’s terms ( Letter 856 ). Instead he asked his friend …
… John Murray, to open negotiations with his own publisher ( Letter 824 ). Lyell’s talk with Murray …
… have transacted the business with me’ (27 August [1845] Letter 908 ). Thus began the business …
… copies some pages in Darwin’s chapter were transposed ( Letter 1244 ). Darwin was anxious lest an …
… & make the poor workman some present’ (12 June [1849] Letter 1245 ). Darwin’s next …
… his ‘big species book’; on 18 June 1858, he received a letter from Alfred Russel Wallace with the …
… asked Lyell to act as his intermediary with John Murray ( Letter 2437 ), who, without even reading …
… not repent of having undertaken it’ (15 October [1859] Letter 2506 ). Murray decided on a retail …
… proud at the appearance of my child’ ([3 November 1859] Letter 2514 ). In the event, all Murray’s …
… – and a second edition was immediately called for ( Letter 2549 ). In the end Murray paid Darwin …
… (Variation ), but work progressed slowly ( Letter 3078 ); meanwhile in 1862 Murray published On …
… Murray only offered Darwin half profits for this title ( Letter 3261 ); it was never a best-seller …
… ‘I fear it can never pay’ (3 January [1867] Letter 5346 ). In the end Murray decided to print …
… to Brazil, the beginning of a life-long correspondence ( Letter 4881 ). Subsequently Darwin …
… the risk himself. Murray suggested printing 750 copies ( Letter 6597 ), but Darwin decided on 1000 …
… fail, I think, to be much read’ (28 September [1870] Letter 7329 ). Murray decided to print 2500 …
… hope to Heaven book will sell well’ (12 January [1871] Letter 7438 ). A second printing was …
… America, of St George Mivart‘s Genesis of species ( Letter 7907 ) ; this was Darwin’s …
… By November of that year, fourteen copies had been sold ( Letter 8044 ). Meanwhile, Darwin was …
… Darwin chose to print the photographic illustrations ( Letter 7773 ), proved to be expensive ( …

Women as a scientific audience

Summary

Target audience? | Female readership | Reading Variation Darwin's letters, in particular those exchanged with his editors and publisher, reveal a lot about his intended audience. Regardless of whether or not women were deliberately targeted as a…

Matches: 30 hits

… Were women a target audience? Letter 2447 - Darwin to Murray, J., [5 April 1859] …
… Tollet for proofreading and criticisms of style. Letter 2461 - Darwin to Hooker, J. …
… her to read to check that she can understand it. Letter 7312 - Darwin to Darwin, F. …
… from all but educated, typically-male readers. Letter 7124 - Darwin to Darwin, H. E …
… he seeks her help with tone and style. Letter 7329 - Murray , J. to Darwin, [28 …
… in order to minimise impeding general perusal. Letter 7331 - Darwin to Murray, …
… he uses to avoid ownership of indelicate content. Letter 8335 - Reade, W. W. to …
… so as not to lose the interest of women. Letter 8341 - Reade, W. W. to Darwin, …
… which will make it more appealing to women. Letter 8611 - Cupples, A. J. to …
… Darwin’s female readership Letter 5391 - Becker, L. E. to Darwin, [6 February …
… of the Manchester Ladies Literary Society . Letter 6551 - Becker, L. E . to …
… the chapter on pangenesis, which is a revelation. Letter 6976 - Darwin to Blackwell, A. …
… Darwin assumes that 'A. B. Blackwell' is a man. Letter 7177 - Cupples, G. to …
… him to the psychology of Herbert Spencer. Letter 7624 - Bathoe, M . B. to Darwin …
… his statements on a lack of reasoning in animals. Letter 7644 - Barnard, A. to …
… during a visit to an asylum with her father. Letter 7651 - Wedgwood, F. J. to …
… on any comments that she feels might be suitable. Letter 7411 - Pfeiffer, E. J. to …
… and beauty in the process of sexual selection. Letter 8055 - Hennell, S. S. to Darwin, …
… of a woman’s natural thinking”. Letter 8778 - Forster, L. M . to Darwin, H. …
… and the showing of teeth in Expression . Letter 10072 - Pape, C. to …
… and hopes Darwin will complete her questionnaire. Letter 10390 - Herrick, S. M. B. …
… of questions which she hopes aren’t too silly. Letter 10415 - Darwin to Herrick, S. …
… and is pleased that his work has interested her. Letter 10508 - Treat, M. to Darwin …
… it nearly all night before she could lay it down. Letter 13547 - Tanner, M. H. …
… involving worms which occurred in her garden. Letter 13650 Kennard, C. A. to Darwin …
… Reading Variation Letter 5712 - Dallas, W. S. to Darwin, [8 December 1867] …
… array of facts” contained in the work. Letter 5861 - Blyth, E. to Darwin, [11 …
… are a few things which must be altered”. Letter 5928 - Gray, A. to Darwin, [25 …
… to be made to the text for the second edition. Letter 6040 - Haeckel, E. P. A. to …
… Darwin’s rich knowledge, patience and care. Letter 6110 - Samuelson, J. to Darwin, …

Religion

Summary

Design|Personal Belief|Beauty|The Church Perhaps the most notorious realm of controversy over evolution in Darwin's day was religion. The same can be said of the evolution controversy today; however the nature of the disputes and the manner in…

Matches: 23 hits

… of departure reviews of Origin . The second is a single letter from naturalist A. R. Wallace to …
… everything is the result of “brute force”. Letter 2855 — Darwin, C. R. to Gray, Asa, 3 …
… nature, as he is in a “muddle” on this issue. Letter 3256 — Darwin, C. R. to Gray, Asa, …
… shares a witty thought experiment about an angel. Letter 3342 — Darwin, C. R. to Gray, …
… He asks Gray some questions about design. Letter 6167 — Darwin, C. R. to Gray, Asa, 8 …
… of my precipice”. Darwin and Wallace Letter 5140 — Wallace, A. R. to Darwin, …
… of variations. Darwin and Graham Letter 13230 — Darwin, C. R. to Graham, …
… of people, including members of his own family. Letter 441 — Wedgwood, Emma to Darwin, …
… about his “honest & conscientious doubts”. Letter 471 — Darwin, Emma to Darwin, C. …
… there is a danger in giving up revelation”. Letter 2534 — Kingsley, Charles to Darwin, …
… need of an act of intervention to bring change. Letter 2548 — Sedgwick, Adam to Darwin, …
… with that knowledge which only He can give me.” Letter 5303 — Boole, M. E. to Darwin, C …
… that his theory be compatible with her faith. Letter 5307 — Darwin, C. R. to Boole, M. …
… and science should each run its own course. Letter 8070 — Darwin, C. R. to Abbot, F. E. …
… “with qualifications”, if he wishes. Letter 8837 — Darwin, C. R. to Doedes, N. D., 2 …
… man’s intellect, “but man can do his duty”. Letter 12041 — Darwin, C. R. to Fordyce, …
… most correct description of my state of mind”. Letter 12757 — Darwin, C. R. to Aveling, …
… as examples to illustrate his ideas on beauty. Letter 4752 — Darwin, C. R. to Lyell, …
… discusses humming birds and orchids as examples. Letter 4939 — Shaw, James to Darwin, C …
… a long discussion on beauty in the natural world. Letter 4943 — Darwin, C. R. to Shaw, …
… beauty of flowers is solely to attract insects. Letter 5003f — Shaw, James to Darwin, C …
… Beauty against the Duke of Argyll’s criticisms. Letter 5004 — Darwin, C. R. to Shaw, …
… of beauty being displayed in conspicuous parts. Letter 5060 — Shaw, James to Darwin, C. …

Referencing women’s work

Summary

Darwin's correspondence shows that women made significant contributions to Darwin's work, but whether and how they were acknowledged in print involved complex considerations of social standing, professional standing, and personal preference.…

Matches: 23 hits

… earthworms . Selected letters Letter 1113 - Darwin to Whitby, M. …
… work are referenced throughout Variation . Letter 2395 - Darwin to Holland, …
… her identity is both anonymised and masculinised. Letter 3316 - Darwin to Nevill, D …
… Darwin’s Fertilisation of Orchids . Letter 4038 - Darwin to Lyell, C., …
… being acknowledged publicly as a science critic. Letter 4370 - Wedgwood, L. C. to …
… are identified only as “friends in Surrey”. Letter 4794 - Darwin to Lyell, C., [25 …
… Sir C. Lyell” or received from “Miss. B”. Letter 7060 - Wedgwood, F. J. to …
… was referenced in the final publication. Letter 7223 - Darwin to Wedgwood, L. C …
… are not cited in Expression . Letter 5817 - Darwin to Huxley, T. H., …
… description of a crying baby in Mary Barton. Letter 8321 - Darwin to …
… he would “feel the public humming” at him. Letter 7345 - Wedgwood, L. C. to Darwin, …
… lady, on whose accuracy I can implicitly rely”. Letter 8427 - Darwin to Litchfield H …
… of Henrietta’s considerable editorial input. Letter 8719 - Darwin to Treat, M., [1 …
… Letters relating to Earthworms Letter 7428 - Wedgwood, F. to Darwin, [4 …
… depth of furrows in an old field near his house. Letter 8168 - Ruck, A. R. to …
… activity in the fields of North Wales. Letter 8193 - Ruck, A. R. to Darwin, H …
… published discussion of earthworm activity . Letter 8224 - Darwin to Ruck, A. …
… discussion of turf-based worm castings . Letter 7345 - Wedgwood, L. C. to Darwin, …
… lady, on whose accuracy I can implicitly rely”. Letter 11221 - Darwin to Darwin …
… are referenced in Vegetable Mould . Letter 12742 - Darwin, H. to Darwin, …
… "My son Horace" in Vegetable Mould . Letter 12745 - Darwin to …
… anonymously in Vegetable Mould . Letter 12760 - Wedgwood, K. E. S. to …
… but does not identify the workers in question. Letter 13037 - Darwin to Darwin, …

Scientific Networks

Summary

Friendship|Mentors|Class|Gender In its broadest sense, a scientific network is a set of connections between people, places, and things that channel the communication of knowledge, and that substantially determine both its intellectual form and content,…

Matches: 25 hits

… and colonial authorities. In the nineteenth-century, letter writing was one of the most important …
… in times of uncertainty, controversy, or personal loss. Letter writing was not only a means of …
… botanist Asa Gray. Darwin and Hooker Letter 714 — Darwin, C. R. to Hooker, J. D. …
… and he is curious about Hooker’s thoughts. Letter 729 — Darwin, C. R. to Hooker, J. D., …
… to Hooker “it is like confessing a murder”. Letter 736 — Darwin, C. R. to Hooker, J. D. …
… wide-ranging genera. Darwin and Gray Letter 1674 — Darwin, C. R. to Gray, …
… and asks him to append the ranges of the species. Letter 1685 — Gray, Asa to Darwin, C. …
… and relationships of alpine flora in the USA. Letter 2125 — Darwin, C. R. to Gray, Asa, …
… and their approach to information exchange. Letter 1202 — Darwin, C. R. to Hooker, J. D …
… first describer’s name to specific name. Letter 1220 — Hooker, J. D. to Darwin, C. R., …
… perpetuity of names in species descriptions. Letter 1260 — Darwin, C. R. to Hooker, J. …
… ends with a discussion of lamination of gneiss. Letter 1319 — Hooker, J. D. to Darwin, …
… up his doubts about Darwin’s doctrines. In his second letter he talks about his visit with Falconer. …
… was on the Beagle voyage and afterwards. Letter 152 — Darwin, C. R. to Henslow, J. …
… is Henslow’s “bounden duty to lecture me”. Letter 196 — Henslow, J. S. to Darwin, C. R. …
… sends home a copy of his notes on the specimens. Letter 249 — Henslow, J. S. to Darwin, …
… sends news of Cambridge and mutual friends. Letter 251 — Darwin, C. R. to Henslow, J. S …
… illness and specimens are sent to Henslow. Letter 272 — Darwin, C. R. to Henslow, J. S. …
… collection and plans to cross the Cordilleras. Letter 1189 — Darwin, C. R. to Henslow, …
… Hermann Müller. Darwin and Lubbock Letter 1585 — Darwin, C. R. to Lubbock, John, …
… and it has reawakened his passion for entomology. Letter 1720 — Darwin, C. R. to …
… 147 (1857): 79–100]. Darwin and Müller Letter 5457 — Müller, H. L. H. to Darwin, …
… of the floral anatomy of Lopezia miniata . Letter 5471 — Darwin, C. R. to Müller, H. …
… Fritz Müller is Hermann Müller’s brother. Letter 5481 — Müller, H. L. H. to Darwin, C. …
… that Subularia does not grow in Westphalia. Letter 5657 — Müller, H. L. H. to …

Darwin in letters, 1879: Tracing roots

Summary

Darwin spent a considerable part of 1879 in the eighteenth century. His journey back in time started when he decided to publish a biographical account of his grandfather Erasmus Darwin to accompany a translation of an essay on Erasmus’s evolutionary ideas…

Matches: 29 hits

… his publishers, he warned that it was ‘dry as dust’ ( letter to R. F. Cooke, 9 September 1879 ). …
… turned out, alas, very dull & has disappointed me much’ ( letter to Francis Galton, 15 [June …
… home again’, he fretted, just days before his departure ( letter to W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, [after 26 …
… many blessings, was finding old age ‘a dismal time’ ( letter to Henry Johnson, 24 September 1879 ) …
… wrinkles one all over like a baked pear’ ( enclosure in letter from R. W. Dixon, 20 December 1879 …
… itself, or gone some other way round?’ At least the last letter of 1879 contained a warmer note and …
… office to complete Horace’s marriage settlement ( letter from W. M. Hacon, 31 December 1879 ). …
… but they were ‘as nice and good as could be’ ( letter from Karl Beger, [ c. 12 February 1879] ) …
… on your life’s work, which is crowned with glory’ ( letter from Ernst Haeckel, 9 February 1879 ). …
… to wish Darwin a ‘long and serene evening of life’. This letter crossed with one from Darwin, …
… the statement ‘In the beginning was carbon’ ( letter from Hermann Müller, 14 February 1879 ). …
… as the ‘organ of “uncultivated materialism”’ ( letter from Francis Darwin, [after 2 June 1879 ]). …
… up the glory & would please Francis’, he pointed out ( letter from E. A. Darwin, 13 March [1879 …
… wholly & shamefully ignorant of my grandfathers life’ ( letter to Ernst Krause, 14 March 1879 …
… known philosopher and poet’ ( Correspondence vol. 1, letter from Francis Beaufort to Robert …
… these things with the when & the where, & the who—’ ( letter from V. H. Darwin, 28 May …
… paternal grandparents thought ‘perfect in every way’ ( letter from E. A. Wheler, 25 March 1879 ). …
… heard of him ‘constantly, & always with pride’ ( letter from Reginald Darwin, 29 March 1879 ). …
… essay might end up ‘interfering with each other’ ( letter to Ernst Krause, 27 March 1879 ). Darwin …
… made such an introduction ‘almost indispensable’ ( letter from Ernst Krause, 7 June 1879 ). Darwin …
… everything into ridicule. He hates scientific men’ ( letter to Ernst Krause, 14 May 1879 ). …
… must be ‘in some degree interesting to the public’ ( letter to Reginald Darwin, 10 April [1879] ). …
… ‘very tastefully and well, and with little fatigue’ ( letter to G. H. Darwin, 12 July 1879 , and …
… ‘more perplexed than ever about life of D r . D’ ( letter to Francis Darwin, 12 July [1879] ). …
… telling, and he regretted going beyond his ‘tether’ ( letter to W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, 5 June 1879 …
… never again to be tempted out of his ‘proper work’ ( letter to James Paget, 14 July 1879 ). At …
… of the tips of radicles, the embryonic roots of seedlings ( letter to Francis Darwin, 16 June [1879 …
… experienced obstacles from the start, as he reported in a letter of 29 May . Sachs had changed …
… that he had rooms in a house that was ‘disreputable’ ( letter from Francis Darwin, [after 16 June …

Darwin in letters, 1872: Job done?

Summary

'My career’, Darwin wrote towards the end of 1872, 'is so nearly closed. . . What little more I can do, shall be chiefly new work’, and the tenor of his correspondence throughout the year is one of wistful reminiscence, coupled with a keen eye…

Matches: 28 hits

… What little more I can do, shall be chiefly new work’ ( letter to Francis Galton, 8 November [1872] …
… anything more on 'so difficult a subject, as evolution’ ( letter to A. R. Wallace, 27 July …
… best efforts, set the final price at 7 s. 6 d. ( letter from R. F. Cooke, 12 February 1872 ) …
… condition as I can make it’, he wrote to the translator ( letter to J. J. Moulinié, 23 September …
… translation remained unpublished at the end of the year ( letter from C.-F. Reinwald, 23 November …
… to the comparative anatomist St George Jackson Mivart ( letter to St G. J. Mivart, 11 January …
… comparison of Whale & duck most beautiful’ ( letter from A. R. Wallace, 3 March 1872 ) …
… a person as I am made to appear’, complained Darwin ( letter to St G. J. Mivart, 5 January 1872 ). …
… Darwin would renounce `fundamental intellectual errors’ ( letter from St G. J. Mivart, 6 January …
… was silly enough to think he felt friendly towards me’ ( letter to St G. J. Mivart, 8 January [1872 …
… hoping for reconciliation, if only `in another world’ ( letter from St G. J. Mivart, 10 January …
… have been ungracious in him not to thank Mivart for his letter. He promised to send a copy of the …
… partly in mind, `chiefly perhaps because I do it badly’ ( letter to A. R. Wallace, 3 August [1872] …
… Darwinism is to be the theme. Surely the world moves!’ ( letter from Mary Treat, 13 December 1872 …
… to find that Weismann accepted it at least in part ( letter to August Weismann, 5 April 1872 ). ‘I …
… few naturalists in England seem inclined to believe it’ ( letter to Herman Müller, [before 5 May …
… reached the buzzing place where I myself was standing’ ( letter to Hermann Müller, [before 5 May …
… ‘as for myself it is dreadful doing nothing’ ( letter to T. H. Huxley, 22 October [1872] ). He was …
… to stand closer (a serried mass) and to be more erect’ ( letter to Briton Riviere, 19 May [1872] ) …
… and amused rather than offended by `that clever book’ ( letter to J. M. Herbert, 21 November 1872 …
… wrote offering Arthur May’s drawings shortly afterwards ( letter from Samuel Butler to Francis …
… 'exactly where, from his ignorance, he feels no doubts’ ( letter to F. C. Donders, 17 June …
… music provided by her husband, Richard Buckley Litchfield ( letter to H. E. Litchfield, 13 May 1872 …
… to Henrietta; 'I know that I am half-killed myself’ ( letter to H. E. Litchfield, 25 July 1872 …
… fellow’ was Darwin’s wholeheartedly partisan reply ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 14 May 1872 ). On 13 …
… was delivered to Gladstone a week later ( enclosure to letter from John Lubbock to W. E. Gladstone, …
… was `enough to make one turn into an old honest Tory’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 12 July [1872] ). …
… hypothesis of Mr. Darwin , and Darwin wrote a cutting letter to Nature in Wallace’s defence …

Darwin in letters, 1882: Nothing too great or too small

Summary

In 1882, Darwin reached his 74th year Earthworms had been published the previous October, and for the first time in decades he was not working on another book. He remained active in botanical research, however. Building on his recent studies in plant…

Matches: 25 hits

… ‘I feel a very old man, & my course is nearly run’ ( letter to Lawson Tait, 13 February 1882 ) …
… fertility of crosses between differently styled plants ( letter from Fritz Müller, 1 January 1882 …
… François Marie Glaziou (see Correspondence vol. 28, letter from Arthur de Souza Corrêa, 20 …
… quite untirable & I am glad to shirk any extra labour’ ( letter to G. J. Romanes, 6 January …
… probably intending to test its effects on chlorophyll ( letter to Joseph Fayrer, 30 March 1882 ). …
… we know about the life of any one plant or animal!’ ( letter to Henry Groves, 3 April 1882 ). He …
… of seeing the flowers & experimentising on them’ ( letter to J. E. Todd, 10 April 1882 ). …
… find stooping over the microscope affects my heart’ ( letter to Henry Groves, 3 April 1882 ). …
… sooner or later write differently about evolution’ ( letter to John Murray, 21 January 1882 ). The …
… leaves into their burrows ( Correspondence vol. 29, letter from J. F. Simpson, 8 November 1881 …
… on the summit, whence it rolls down the sides’ ( letter from J. F. Simpson, 7 January 1882 ). The …
… light on it, which would have pleased me greatly’ ( letter from J. H. Gilbert, 9 January 1882, …
… annelid seemed to have rather the best of the fight’ ( letter from G. F. Crawte, 11 March 1882 ). …
… by the American educator Emily Talbot (Talbot ed. 1882). His letter to Talbot written the previous …
… by the flippant witlings of the newspaper press’ ( letter from A. T. Rice, 4 February 1882 ). Rice …
… men, and their role as providers for the family. In his letter, he conceded that there was ‘some …
… of our homes, would in this case greatly suffer’ ( letter to C. A. Kennard, 9 January 1882 ). …
… she be fairly judged, intellectually his inferior, please ( letter from C. A. Kennard, 28 January …
… he has allied himself to so dreadful a man, as Huxley’ ( letter to John Collier, 16 February 1882 …
… Would my actions be the same without my consciousness?’ ( letter from John Collier, 22 February …
… a solid scientific foundation cannot be overestimated’ ( letter to William Jenner, 20 March [1882] …
… to delight in his children’s accomplishments. In a letter to Anthony Rich, he shared several of his …
… to take a long trip to Jamaica ‘for complete rest’ ( letter to Anthony Rich, 4 February 1882 ). …
… me more than anything else. I am now 73 years old’ ( letter to A. A. Reade, 13 February 1882 ). …
… on the chest pain. Short of this walk about gently’ ( letter from Andrew Clark, 17 March 1882 ). …

Darwin in letters, 1865: Delays and disappointments

Summary

The year was marked by three deaths of personal significance to Darwin: Hugh Falconer, a friend and supporter; Robert FitzRoy, captain of the Beagle; and William Jackson Hooker, director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and father of Darwin’s friend…

Matches: 31 hits

… The death of Hugh Falconer Darwin’s first letter to Hooker of 1865 suggests that the family …
… having all the Boys at home: they make the house jolly’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 7 January [1865] …
… had failed to include among the grounds of the award ( see letter from Hugh Falconer to Erasmus …
… his letters to Darwin, and Darwin responded warmly: ‘Your letter is by far the grandest eulogium …
… may well rest content that I have not laboured in vain’ ( letter to Hugh Falconer, 6 January [1865] …
… always a most kind friend to me. So the world goes.—’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 2 February [1865] …
… for our griefs & pains: these alone are unalloyed’ ( letter from J. D. Hooker, 3 February 1865 …
… gas.— Sic transit gloria mundi, with a vengeance’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 9 February [1865] ). …
… added, ‘I know it is folly & nonsense to try anyone’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 7 January [1865] …
… ineffective, and Darwin had given it up by early July ( see letter to J. D. Hooker, [10 July 1865] …
… of anything, & that almost exclusively bread & meat’ ( letter to Asa Gray, 15 August [1865] …
… better, attributing the improvement to Jones’s diet ( see letter to T. H. Huxley, 4 October [1865] …
… he was ‘able to write about an hour on most days’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 22 December [1865] ). …
… others very forward, except the last & concluding one’ ( letter to John Murray, 31 March [1865] …
… my book will be ready for the press in the autumn’ ( letter to John Murray, 4 April [1865] ). In …
… however, ‘I am never idle when I can do anything’ ( letter to John Murray, 2 June [1865] ). It was …
… might be more willing to bear the expense of the woodcuts ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 7 January [1865 …
… & I loathe the whole subject like tartar emetic’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 19 January [1865] ) …
… you will be an unnatural parent, for it is your child’ ( letter to Asa Gray, 19 April 1865 ; …
… needed for references, probably from the Linnean Society ( letter to [Richard Kippist], 4 June …
… in or before November 1864 ( Correspondence vol. 12, letter to Ernst Haeckel, 21 November [1864 …
… 1865 that he had just finished hearing it read aloud ( letter to Fritz Müller, 10 August [1865] ). …
… Linnean Society for publication in Müller’s name ( see letter from Fritz Müller, [12 and 31 August, …
… so weak that I am not able to do any scientific work’ ( letter to Fritz Müller, 20 September [1865] …
… coloured varieties (see Correspondence vol. 10, letter to John Scott, 19 November [1862] ). …
… species arising’ ( Correspondence vol. 9, letter to J. D. Hooker, 28 September [1861] ). …
… experiments in 1863 (see Correspondence vol. 11, letter from John Scott, 21 September [1863] …
… India in late 1864, despite suffering from sea-sickness ( letter from John Scott, 21 July 1865 ). …
… though he praised Scott’s ‘industry & ability’ ( letter from J. D. Hooker, [10 March 1865] ). …
… that he would take up the work again when he had time ( letter from John Scott, 21 July 1865 ); at …
… mind, & I can hang on it a good many groups of facts.’ ( Letter to T. H. Huxley, 27 May [1865] …

Scientific Practice

Summary

Specialism|Experiment|Microscopes|Collecting|Theory Letter writing is often seen as a part of scientific communication, rather than as integral to knowledge making. This section shows how correspondence could help to shape the practice of science, from…

Matches: 24 hits

… | Microscopes | Collecting | Theory Letter writing is often seen as a part of …
… with detailed correspondence about barnacles. Letter 1514 — Darwin, C. R. to Huxley, T. …
… of one idea. – cirripedes morning & night.” Letter 1480 — Darwin, C. R. to Huxley, …
… on embryological stages than Huxley thinks. Letter 1592 — Darwin, C. R. to Huxley, T. H …
… and difficulties of botanical experimentation. Letter 4895 — Darwin, C. R. to Müller, J …
… on Anelasma which he thinks seems probable. Letter 5173 — Müller, J. F. T. to …
… and on some plants which seem to be dichogamous. Letter 5429 — Müller, J. F. T. to …
… and crossed with pollen of other species. Letter 5480 — Müller, J. F. T. to Darwin, C. …
… Claus, Die freilebenden Copepoden [1863]. Letter 5551 — Darwin, C. R. to Müller, J. …
… on the use and importance of the microscope. Letter 207 — Darwin, C. R. to Fox, W. D., …
… with a microscope ranks second only to geology. Letter 1018 — Darwin, C. R. to Hooker, …
… “take advantage of your wicked offer of assistance”. The letter is full of observations on barnacles …
… ed., Manual of scientific enquiry (1849)]. Letter 1167 — Darwin, C. R. to Henslow, …
… finds this microscope “wonderfully superior”. Letter 1174 — Darwin, C. R. to Hooker, J. …
… specimens and information for his barnacle book. Letter 1140 — Darwin, C. R. to Ross, J …
… to the Arctic in search of Sir John Franklin. Letter 1262 — Darwin, C. R. to Hancock, …
… discusses Lithotrya and its burrowing habits. Letter 1495 — Darwin, C. R. to …
… at his collection to check on his suspicions. Letter 1370 — Darwin, C. R. to Covington, …
… only one specimen is known to exist in the world. Letter 1251 — Darwin, C. R. to Gould, …
… between theory and practice in natural history. Letter 1202 — Darwin, C. R. to Hooker, …
… first describer’s name to specific name. Letter 1220 — Hooker, J. D. to Darwin, C. R., …
… perpetuity of names in species descriptions. Letter 1260 — Darwin, C. R. to Hooker, J. …
… with the former and deferring the species paper. Letter 1319 — Hooker, J. D. to Darwin, …
… have progressed but Hooker is not converted. Letter 1339 — Darwin, C. R. to Hooker, J. …

Darwin in letters,1870: Human evolution

Summary

The year 1870 is aptly summarised by the brief entry Darwin made in his journal: ‘The whole of the year at work on the Descent of Man & Selection in relation to Sex’. Descent was the culmination of over three decades of observations and reflections on…

Matches: 30 hits

… shall be a man again & not a horrid grinding machine’ ( letter to Charles Lyell, 25 December …
… anything which has happened to me for some weeks’ ( letter to Albert Günther, 13 January [1870] ) …
… corrections of style, the more grateful I shall be’ ( letter to H. E. Darwin, [8 February 1870] ) …
… who wd ever have thought that I shd. turn parson?’ ( letter to H. E. Darwin, [8 February 1870] ). …
… abt any thing so unimportant as the mind of man!’ ( letter from H. E. Darwin, [after 8 February …
… thro’ apes & savages at the moral sense of mankind’ ( letter to F. P. Cobbe, 23 March [1870?] …
… how metaphysics & physics form one great philosophy?’ ( letter from F. P. Cobbe, 28 March [1870 …
… in thanks for the drawing ( Correspondence vol. 16, letter to J. D. Hooker, 26 November [1868] …
… patients, but it did not confirm Duchenne’s findings ( letter from James Crichton-Browne, 15 March …
… muscle’, he complained, ‘is the bane of existence!’ ( letter to William Ogle, 9 November 1870 ). …
… to their belief that all demons and spirits were white ( letter from W. W. Reade, 9 November 1870 …
… . . Could you make it scream without hurting it much?’ ( letter to A. D. Bartlett, 5 January [1870] …
… or crying badly; but I fear he will not succeed’ ( letter to James Crichton-Browne, 8 June [1870] …
… Lucy Wedgwood, who sent a sketch of a baby’s brows ( letter from L. C. Wedgwood, [5 May 1870] ). …
… is the inclination to finish my note on this subject’ ( letter from F. C. Donders, 17 May 1870 ). …
… the previous year (see Correspondence vol. 17, letter to A. R. Wallace, 14 April 1869 ). His …
… (in retrograde direction) naturalist’ (letter to A. R.Wallace, 26 January [1870]). …
… towards each other, though in one sense rivals’ ( letter to A. R. Wallace, 20 April [1870] ). …
… version of the theory of descent by natural selection in a letter to Darwin, prompting much anxiety …
… But who is to criticise them? No one but yourself’ ( letter from H. W. Bates, 20 May 1870 ). …
… me to be able to say that I never write reviews’ ( letter to H. W. Bates, [22 May 1870] ). …
… design. Darwin commented on Mivart’s essay in a letter to William Henry Flower: ‘I am glad …
… time wd be wasted if I once began to answer objectors’ ( letter to W. H. Flower, 25 March [1870] ) …
… laborious & valuable labours on the Primates’ ( letter to St G. J. Mivart, 23 April [1870] ). …
… Ape than such an Ape differs from a lump of granite’ ( letter from St G. J. Mivart, 22 April 1870 …
… his “end” whatever may have been his “origin” ( letter from St G. J. Mivart, 25 April 1870 ). In …
… by you in this manner than praised by many others’ ( letter to Armand de Quatrefages, 28 May [1870 …
… us which are stronger than the causes of discord’ ( letter from Armand de Quatrefages, 30 March …
… that you had called on assistants to describe them’ ( letter from Armand de Quatrefages, 18 July …
… years and your immortal work is above all attacks’ ( letter from Edouard van Beneden, 17 December …

Darwin as mentor

Summary

Darwin provided advice, encouragement and praise to his fellow scientific 'labourers' of both sexes. Selected letters Letter 2234 - Darwin to Unidentified, [5 March 1858] Darwin advises that Professor C. P. Smyth’s observations are not…

Matches: 13 hits

… of both sexes. Selected letters Letter 2234 - Darwin to Unidentified, [5 …
… sweeping conclusions on insufficient grounds. Letter 3934 - Darwin to Scott, J., [21 …
… how to make the material worthy of publication. Letter 4185 - Darwin to Scott, J., [25 …
… indefatigable worker you are!”. Letter 7605 - Darwin to Darwin, H. E., [20 March …
… memorial” in memory of the book. Letter 8140 - Darwin to Darwin, W. E., [3 …
… how he made so many observations without aid. Letter 8146 - Darwin to Treat, M., [5 …
… “in some well-known scientific journal”. Letter 8171 - Darwin to Wedgwood, L., [21 …
… that Lucy is worth her weight in gold. Letter 9005b - Darwin to Treat, M., [12 …
… flies until he had repeated the experiment. Letter 9580 - Darwin to Darwin, G. H. D., …
… should not yet be submitted to the publisher. Letter 9613 - Darwin to Hooker, J. D., …
… and thinks that it ought to be published. Letter 10523 - Darwin to Treat, M., [1 June …
… in the pursuit of her “admirable work”. Letter 11096 - Darwin to Romanes, G. J., [9 …
… her manuscript to Nature for publication. Letter 13414 - Darwin to Harrison, L., …

Natural Science and Femininity

Summary

Discussion Questions|Letters A conflation of masculine intellect and feminine thoughts, habits and feelings, male naturalists like Darwin inhabited an uncertain gendered identity. Working from the private domestic comfort of their homes and exercising…

Matches: 16 hits

… Britain? Letters Letter 109 - Wedgwood, J. to Darwin, …
… pursuit of real, professional work on his return. Letter 158 - Darwin to Darwin, R. W., …
… colour and “beauty” of tropical vegetation. Letter 542 - Darwin to Wedgwood, C. S., [27 …
… meals, family time and walks into town with Emma. Letter 555 - Darwin to FitzRoy, R., …
… ‘ A Biographical Sketch of an Infant ’. Letter 2781 - Doubleday, H. to Darwin, [3 May …
… them in the north-facing borders of his garden. Letter 2864 - Darwin to Hooker, J. D., …
… and “never saw anything so beautiful”. Letter 4230 - Darwin to Gardeners’ Chronicle, [2 …
… linked with his domestic family life. Letter 4377 - Haeckel, E. P. A. to Darwin, [2 …
… at least provide Darwin with aesthetic pleasure. Letter 4436 - Darwin to Hooker, J. D., …
… he has moved one or two of them into his bedroom. Letter 4469 - Hooker, J. D. to Darwin …
… before expecting to dedicate his life to science. Letter 4472 - Hooker, J. D. to Darwin …
… duty to the public to contribute more than this. Letter 6044 - Darwin to Darwin, G. H., …
… and influence to help shape his sons’ fortunes. Letter 6046 - Weir, J. J. to Darwin, …
… from the comfort of his “ pretty garden ”. Letter 6139 - Doubleday, H. to Darwin, [22 …
… moths all of which were conducted in his home. Letter 6453 - Langton, E. to Wedgwood, S …
… attracted to dark spots on the bedroom wallpaper. Letter 10821 - Graham C. C. to Darwin …

Darwin in letters, 1880: Sensitivity and worms

Summary

‘My heart & soul care for worms & nothing else in this world,’ Darwin wrote to his old Shrewsbury friend Henry Johnson on 14 November 1880. Darwin became fully devoted to earthworms in the spring of the year, just after finishing the manuscript of…

Matches: 24 hits

… my grandfather’s character is of much value to me’ ( letter to C. H. Tindal, 5 January 1880 ). …
… have influenced the whole Kingdom, & even the world’ ( letter from J. L. Chester, 3 March 1880 …
… delighted to find an ordinary mortal who could laugh’ ( letter from W. E. Darwin to Charles and …
… much powder & shot’ ( Correspondence vol. 27, letter from Ernst Krause, 7 June 1879 , and …
… modified; but now I much regret that I did not do so’ ( letter to Samuel Butler, 3 January 1880 ). …
… and ‘decided on laying the matter before the public’ ( letter from Samuel Butler, 21 January 1880 …
… and uncertain about what to do. He drafted two versions of a letter to the Athen æum , sending …
… in which he will have the last word’, she warned ( letter from H. E. Litchfield, [1 February 1880] …
… who will fight to the end’, added her husband Richard ( letter from R. B. Litchfield, 1 February …
… him & given him Darwinophobia? It is a horrid disease’ ( letter from T. H. Huxley, 3 February …
… squashing the ‘mosquito inflated to an elephant’ ( letter from Ernst Krause, 9 December 1880 ). …
… inches of soil as a protection against enemies.’ ‘Your letter … made me open my eyes’, Gray replied …
… his original description. Darwin was puzzled: ‘If my letter opened your eyes, yours has opened mine …
… to the same species, should behave so differently.’ ( Letter to Asa Gray, 17 February 1880 .) But …
… of the plant in its native habitat. He forwarded a letter from a botanist and schoolteacher in …
… ‘Where is the profit for Author or publisher?’ ( letter from R. F. Cooke, 20 July 1880 ). ‘I must …
… money by science, I must now lose some for science’ ( letter to R. F. Cooke, 21 July 1880 ). The …
… without any corresponding structural differentiations’ ( letter from F. M. Balfour, [22 November …
… In former years I was, also, rarely fit to see anybody’ ( letter to S. H. Haliburton, 13 December …
… he pretended, ‘but the subject has amused me’ ( letter to W. C. McIntosh, 18 June 1880 ). Members …
… back. Then we saw a steam tram—imagine my excitement’ ( letter from Horace Darwin to Emma Darwin, …
… at the worms. We find that the light frightens them’ ( letter to Sophy Wedgwood, 8 October [1880] …
… it elsewhere, and thus one looks to prevent its return’ ( letter from J.-H. Fabre, 18 February 1880 …
… country, and letting them out of their respective bags ( letter from G. J. Romanes, [6, 13, or 20] …

Controversy

Summary

The best-known controversies over Darwinian theory took place in public or in printed reviews. Many of these were highly polemical, presenting an over-simplified picture of the disputes. Letters, however, show that the responses to Darwin were extremely…

Matches: 22 hits

… him as a bitter enemy. Darwin and Sedgwick Letter 2525 — Darwin, C. R. to …
… of a spirit of bravado, but a want of respect. Letter 2548 — Sedgwick, Adam to Darwin, …
… of brotherly love and as his true-hearted friend. Letter 2555 — Darwin, C. R. to …
… classes of facts”. Darwin and Owen Letter 2526 — Owen, Richard to Darwin, C. …
… the nature of such influences as “heterodox”. Letter 2575 — Darwin, C. R. to Lyell, …
… his book “the law of higgledy-piggledy”. Letter 2580 — Darwin, C. R. to Owen, Richard, …
… his views now depends on men eminent in science. Letter 2767 — Darwin, C. R. to Gray, …
… prevail without such aggressive tactics. Letter 5500 — Darwin, C. R. to Haeckel, E. P. …
… reader to take the side of the attacked person. Letter 5533 — Haeckel, E. P. A. to …
… of the matter, a vigorous attack is essential. Letter 5544 — Darwin, C. R. to Haeckel, …
… political, and religious differences. Letter 2285 — Darwin, C. R. to Lyell, Charles, 18 …
… MS, but Darwin will offer to send it to journal. Letter 2294 — Darwin, C. R. to Lyell, …
… his views from anything Darwin wrote to him. Letter 2295 — Darwin, C. R. to Lyell, …
… he does not feel this alters the justice of case. Letter 2299 — Hooker, J. D. & …
… reasons for arranging the joint presentation. Letter 2306 — Darwin, C. R. to Hooker, J. …
… is now planning a 30-page abstract for a journal. Letter 2337 — Wallace, A. R. to …
… paper public unaccompanied by his own views. Letter 6024 — Wallace, A. R. to Darwin, C. …
… of minute variations and sexual selection. Letter 6033 — Darwin, C. R. to Wallace, …
… George Darwin’s notes on Wallace’s argument. Letter 6045 — Wallace, A. R. to Darwin, C. …
… and form new species without being isolated. Letter 6058 — Darwin, C. R. to Wallace, A. …
… relating to sterility that they will never agree. Letter 6095 — Darwin, C. R. to …
… cannot be increased through natural selection. Letter 6104 — Wallace, A. R. to Darwin, …

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Darwin Correspondence Project

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