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List of correspondents

Summary

Below is a list of Darwin's correspondents with the number of letters for each one. Click on a name to see the letters Darwin exchanged with that correspondent. "A child of God" (1) Abberley,…

Matches: 12 hits

… Below is a list of Darwin's correspondents with the number of letters for each one. …
… (2) Aitken, Thomas (1) Albano, Louisa …
… (2) Allen, Frances (1) Allen, Grant …
… Dareste, Camille (9) Darwin family (1) …
… Elizabeth (9) Darwin, Emma (191) …
… Hermenegildo (1) Gisborne, Emma (1) …
… J.-B. P. (1) Gärtner, Emma (2) …
… Niven, James (1) Nixon, Emma (1) …
… Peel, Jonathan (5) Pender, Emma (1) …
… Wedderburn, David (1) Wedgwood, C. S. (8) …
… Elizabeth (11) Wedgwood, Emma (191) …
… Wrigley, Alfred (8) Wuttke, Emma (1) …

Women’s scientific participation

Summary

Observers | Fieldwork | Experimentation | Editors and critics | Assistants Darwin’s correspondence helps bring to light a community of women who participated, often actively and routinely, in the nineteenth-century scientific community. Here is a…

Matches: 19 hits

… | Editors and critics | Assistants Darwin’s correspondence helps bring to light a …
… community. Here is a selection of letters exchanged between Darwin and his workforce of women …
… Observers Women: Letter 1194 - Darwin to Whitby, M. A. T., [12 August …
… peculiarities in inheritance. Letter 3787 - Darwin, H. E. to Darwin, [29 October …
… plants in her garden. Letter 4523 - Wedgwood, L. C. to Darwin, [6 June 1864] …
… Letter 5745 - Barber, M. E. to Darwin, [after February 1867] Mary Barber responds to …
… Letter 6736 - Gray, A. & J. L to Darwin, [8 & 9 May 1869] Jane Loring Gray, …
… a trip to Egypt. Letter 7223 - Darwin to Wedgwood, L. C., [8 June 1867 - 72] …
… Darwin's daughter, Henrietta. Letter 7179 - Wedgwood, L. C. to Darwin, [5 …
… her observations on the expression of emotion in dogs with Emma Darwin. Letter 8676 …
… New Zealand. Letter 6453 - Langton, E. to Wedgwood, S. E., [9 November 1868] …
… Letter 5756 - Langton, E. & C. to Wedgwood S. E., [after 9 November 1868] Darwin …
… lakes in Pennsylvania. Letter 3681 - Wedgwood, M. S. to Darwin, [before 4 August …
… on holiday in Llandudno. Letter 4823 - Wedgwood, L. C. to Darwin, H. E., [May 1865] …
… any way he can. Letter 8144 - Darwin to Wedgwood, L. C., [5 January 1872] …
… Wedgwood, S. E. & J. to Darwin, [10 November 1837] Emma ’s sister, Sarah, passes on …
… E. to Darwin, W. E., [January 23rd 1887]: Emma Darwin tells her eldest son, William, …
… E. to Darwin, W. E. , (March, 1862 - DAR 219.1 :49) Emma Darwin updates her son, William, …
… is a great critic”, thought the article worth reprinting, Emma was less convinced. Letter …

Henrietta Darwin's diary

Summary

Darwin's daughter Henrietta kept a diary for a few momentous weeks in 1871. This was the year in which Descent of Man, the most controversial of her father's books after Origin itself, appeared, a book which she had helped him write. The small…

Matches: 8 hits

… Charles Darwin’s daughter Henrietta wrote the following journal entries in March and July 1871 in a …
… excised within it, presumably by Henrietta herself. Darwin’s letters in 1870 and 1871 ( …
… scepticism; many of her arguments are reminiscent of Darwin’s own discussion of religious belief in …
… missions due to take place between 26 February and 5 March 1871 in four towns within the deanery of …
… Origin at the Oxford meeting of the British Association in 1860. In the second entry, …
… written one of Descent (see letter from Charles and Emma Darwin to F. J. Wedgwood, [March 1871?] …
… period of their courtship. We are grateful to William Darwin for permission to publish the …
… 6 Laura May Forster . 7 Frances Julia Wedgwood (Snow) and George Eliot. The …

Dining at Down House

Summary

Sources|Discussion Questions|Experiment Dining, Digestion, and Darwin's Domestic Life While Darwin is best remembered for his scientific accomplishments, he greatly valued and was strongly influenced by his domestic life. Darwin's…

Matches: 10 hits

… Questions | Experiment Dining, Digestion, and Darwin's Domestic Life …
… and they partook in his scientific endeavours. One of Darwin's defining characteristics …
… Letter 259 —Charles Darwin to Caroline Darwin, 13 October 1834 Darwin’s ill health began …
… traveling on horseback while ill. Letter 465 —Emma Wedgwood (Emma Darwin) to Charles …
… agreeable” for her sake. Letter 3626 —Emma Darwin to T. G. Appleton, 28 June [1862] …
… Letter 3597 —Darwin to Joseph Dalton Hooker, 11 June [1862] Among bits of family news and …
… on the difficulties of finding a suitable cook. Emma Darwin to Henrietta Darwin, [4 …
… among other things, for Darwin’s complaints. Emma Darwin to Henrietta Darwin, [14 April …
… who was travelling in the south of France at the time, Emma describes typical nineteenth-century …
… Scottish medium, Daniel Dunglass Home, with Galton. Emma Darwin to Henrietta Darwin, [4 …

Darwin in letters, 1880: Sensitivity and worms

Summary

‘My heart & soul care for worms & nothing else in this world,’ Darwin wrote to his old Shrewsbury friend Henry Johnson on 14 November 1880. Darwin became fully devoted to earthworms in the spring of the year, just after finishing the manuscript of…

Matches: 19 hits

… heart & soul care for worms & nothing else in this world,’ Darwin wrote to his old …
… to adapt to varying conditions. The implications of Darwin’s work for the boundary between animals …
… studies of animal instincts by George John Romanes drew upon Darwin’s early observations of infants, …
… of evolution and creation. Many letters flowed between Darwin and his children, as he took delight …
… Financial support for science was a recurring issue, as Darwin tried to secure a Civil List pension …
… with Samuel Butler, prompted by the publication of Erasmus Darwin the previous year. …
… Erasmus’s life and other bits of family history. On 1 January , a distant cousin, Charles …
… of much value to me’ ( letter to C. H. Tindal, 5 January 1880 ). Darwin had employed a genealogist …
… & even the world’ ( letter from J. L. Chester, 3 March 1880 ). Darwin’s sons George and …
… of [William Alvey Darwin],’ George wrote on 28 May 1880 , ‘I … said you were anxious not to …
… could laugh’ ( letter from W. E. Darwin to Charles and Emma Darwin, 22 July 1880 ). Sales …
… he had written for the German journal Kosmos in February 1879, an issue produced in honour of …
… Butler, 3 January 1880 ). At the top of Butler’s letter, Emma Darwin wrote: ‘it means war we think’ …
… my excitement’ ( letter from Horace Darwin to Emma Darwin, [18 September 1880] ). Darwin’s …
… We find that the light frightens them’ ( letter to Sophy Wedgwood, 8 October [1880] ). The …
… October 1880 ). The president of the society explained to Emma that the members of the union wished …
… …“Come of Age”‘ ( letter from W. C. Williamson to Emma Darwin, 2 September 1880 ). In April, …
… year was marked by the loss of several close family members. Emma ’s brother Josiah Wedgwood III died …
… Surrey, which became a regular destination for Charles and Emma , and also a site of scientific …

Earthworms

Summary

As with many of Darwin’s research topics, his interest in worms spanned nearly his entire working life. Some of his earliest correspondence about earthworms was written and received in the 1830s, shortly after his return from his Beagle voyage, and his…

Matches: 6 hits

… Questions | Experiment Earthworms and Wedgwood cousins As with many of …
… about worms were written only months before he died in March 1882. In the same way that Darwin cast …
… of his own family, in particular his nieces, Lucy and Sophy Wedgwood, the daughters of Emma Darwin& …
… by natural selection. His book Fertilisation of Orchids (1862) was Darwin's "flank …
… (be it geology or evolutionary theory) was a subject that Darwin had contemplated from his earliest …
… Letter 8137 - William Darwin to Charles Darwin, 1 January 1872 Darwin’s eldest son …

Darwin in letters, 1882: Nothing too great or too small

Summary

In 1882, Darwin reached his 74th year Earthworms had been published the previous October, and for the first time in decades he was not working on another book. He remained active in botanical research, however. Building on his recent studies in plant…

Matches: 20 hits

… In 1882, Darwin reached his 74th year Earthworms had been published the previous …
… for scientific colleagues or their widows facing hardship. Darwin had suffered from poor health …
… man, & my course is nearly run’ ( letter to Lawson Tait, 13 February 1882 ). His condition …
… upstairs with the aid of a special chair. The end came on 19 April. Plans were made for a burial in …
… Botanical observation and experiment had long been Darwin’s greatest scientific pleasure. The year …
… differently styled plants ( letter from Fritz Müller, 1 January 1882 , and letter to Fritz …
… working at the effects of Carbonate of Ammonia on roots,’ Darwin wrote, ‘the chief result being that …
… for some hours in a weak solution of C. of Ammonia’. Darwin’s interest in root response and the …
… on roots’, read at the Linnean Society of London on 6 and 16 March, respectively. In January, …
… and was no longer able to take his daily strolls (Henrietta Emma Litchfield, ‘Charles Darwin’s death …
… E. Litchfield to G. H. Darwin, 17 March 1882 (DAR 245: 319)) Emma wrote ten days later: ‘You will …
… been a good deal plagued with dull aching in the chest’ (Emma Darwin to G. H. Darwin, [ c . 28 …
… benefit & he escaped pain entirely yesterday’ (letter from Emma Darwin to G. H. Darwin, 6 April …
… wrote to George, who had visited Down on 11 April (Emma Darwin’s diary (DAR 242)). ‘Father was taken …
… H. Darwin, [19 April 1882] (DAR 245: 320)). It was left to Emma to convey the sorrowful news to his …
… which I hope were never very violent’ ( letter from Emma Darwin to J. D. Hooker, [20 April 1882 …
… were not wanting to tell me how you felt for me— Hope [Wedgwood] expresses a feeling that I should …
… they were the most overflowing in tenderness’ (letter from Emma Darwin to W. E. Darwin, 10 May 1882 …
… was eagerly awaited by his family, including his cousin Emma Wedgwood. In long letters to her sister …
… plied him with questions without any mercy’ ( letter from Emma Wedgwood to F. E. E. Wedgwood, [28 …

Darwin’s observations on his children

Summary

Charles Darwin’s observations on the development of his children, began the research that culminated in his book The Expression of the emotions in man and animals, published in 1872, and his article ‘A biographical sketch of an infant’, published in Mind…

Matches: 20 hits

… Charles Darwin’s observations on the development of his children,[1 ] began the research that …
… races, lunatics, the blind, and animals. And as early as 1839 Darwin had begun to collect …
… the expression of emotions. As the following transcript of Darwin’s notes reveals, he closely …
… William Erasmus, the stages of his development suggesting to Darwin those expressions which are …
… The tone of the manuscript reflects an aspect of Darwin’s character clearly perceived by Emma during …
… “What does that prove”.’[6] For in these notes, Darwin’s deep scientific curiosity transcends his …
… development from the day of his birth, 27 December 1839, until September 1844. Parallels in the …
… 1850; and Horace, born 18 May 1851. It appears to have been Emma who resumed the observations on the …
… the notebook and, with the exception of two brief entries by Emma , made all the notes until July …
… certainly during first fortnight at sudden sounds. & at Emma ’s moving 3 [11] When …
… & inwards as in sleep.[14] Six weeks old & 3 days, Emma saw him smile—not only with …
… his eyes becoming fixed & the movements of his arms ceasing. Emma argues that his smiles were …
… made in the little noises he was uttering that he recognized Emma by sight when she came close to …
… been caused by the novelty of the situation producing fear. Emma thinks that when he was vaccinated …
… whole expression appearing pleased.— Recognizes Emma Anne & myself perfectly— does not find …
… was called.— 29 th . Cried at the sight of Allen Wedgwood[32] Is able to catch hold of a …
… Lady” were repeated.— 26 th . Cried, when Emma left off playing the pianoforte.— Did this …
… Anny says Papa pretty clearly—[40] A few days ago Emma gave her doll, but she sensibly shuddered, …
… to play with in farther part of room, she immediately led Emma by the hand towards the tea-chest. I …
… [6] Correspondence vol. 2, letter from Emma Wedgwood, [23 January 1839] . [7] …

Natural Science and Femininity

Summary

Discussion Questions|Letters A conflation of masculine intellect and feminine thoughts, habits and feelings, male naturalists like Darwin inhabited an uncertain gendered identity. Working from the private domestic comfort of their homes and exercising…

Matches: 11 hits

… thoughts, habits and feelings, male naturalists like Darwin inhabited an uncertain gendered identity …
… feminine powers of feeling and aesthetic appreciation, Darwin and his male colleagues struggled to …
… . Discussion Questions 1 . Where did natural science tend to be …
… Letters Letter 109 - Wedgwood, J. to Darwin, R. W., [31 August 1831] Darwin …
… of real, professional work on his return. Letter 158 - Darwin to Darwin, R. W., [8 &amp …
… and taking in the aesthetic beauty of the world around him. Darwin describes the “striking” colour …
… made up of meals, family time and walks into town with Emma . Letter 555 - Darwin to …
… an Infant ’. Letter 2781 - Doubleday, H. to Darwin, [3 May 1860] Doubleday …
… borders of his garden. Letter 2864 - Darwin to Hooker, J. D., [12 July 1860] …
… saw anything so beautiful”. Letter 4230 - Darwin to Gardeners’ Chronicle, [2 July 1863] …
… in his home. Letter 6453 - Langton, E. to Wedgwood, S. E., [9 November 1868] …

The death of Anne Elizabeth Darwin

Summary

Charles and Emma Darwin’s eldest daughter, Annie, died at the age of ten in 1851. Emma was heavily pregnant with their fifth son, Horace, at the time and could not go with Charles when he took Annie to Malvern to consult the hydrotherapist, Dr Gully.…

Matches: 10 hits

… We have lost the joy of the Household Charles and Emma Darwin’s eldest daughter, Annie, …
… to Malvern to consult the hydrotherapist, Dr Gully. Darwin wrote a memorial of his daughter …
… recorded her own reactions in a poignant set of notes, which Emma Darwin kept. Links to a …
… and illness follow the transcriptions. Charles Darwin’s memorial of Anne Elizabeth …
… over any story at all melancholy; or on parting with Emma even for the shortest interval. Once when …
… this showed itself in never being easy without touching Emma , when in bed with her, & quite …
… dressed herself up in a silk gown, cap, shawl & gloves of Emma , appearing in figure like a …
… her dear joyous face. Blessings on her.— April 30. 1851. Notes: 1 …
… over ‘y. 4 An interlineation in pencil in Emma Darwin’s hand reads: ‘Mamma: what shall …
… death To W. D. Fox, [ 27 March 1851 ] To Emma Darwin, [17 April 1851] …

1.2 George Richmond, marriage portrait

Summary

< Back to Introduction Few likenesses of Darwin in his youth survive, although more may once have existed. In a letter of 1873 an old Shrewsbury friend, Arthur Mostyn Owen, offered to send Darwin a watercolour sketch of him, painted many years…

Matches: 20 hits

… < Back to Introduction Few likenesses of Darwin in his youth survive, although more …
… old Shrewsbury friend, Arthur Mostyn Owen, offered to send Darwin a watercolour sketch of him, …
… is unknown. Thus the surviving portraits of Darwin as a young man – other than cartoon …
… House, celebrated his marriage in January 1839 to his cousin Emma Wedgwood; the one of Darwin is …
… work can be gauged from a letter which Hooker wrote to Darwin some years later, complaining, with …
… But despite this tendency to prettify, Richmond registered Darwin’s receding hairline, and the …
… theories. As early as February 1839, Elizabeth Wedgwood had written to her sister Emma : ‘My …
… Italy – or would a portrait by Holmes be preferable?’ Emma in response promised, ‘I will go and get …
… not return from Italy until August or September 1839. Josiah Wedgwood himself wrote to his daughter …
… portraits dating from 1840 which is now at Down House had a Darwin family provenance. After Susan …
… arranging ‘to send you Richmond’s pictures of self and Emma ’: ‘self’ presumably means Charles, and …
… and from this he established the dates of various Darwin family commissions. In 1840 there were …
… Erasmus was entered separately at £31 10 s .) and ‘Mrs. Darwin’, and this must be the Down House …
… was being assembled, so that both the Darwin and the Wedgwood families would have one. It is …
… lent Richmond’s watercolour drawings of Charles and Emma , with a note that the one of Charles had an …
… – the only one she knew about – to 1840. However, in Emma Darwin: A Century of Family Letters …
… 1840   computer-readable date 1840-03-01 to 1840-03-31   medium and …
… Down House MSS, Darwin’s account books, entry for Dec. 1839. Joseph Hooker, letter to Darwin, 17 …
… Murray, 1887), vol. 3, p. 371. Henrietta Litchfield (ed.), Emma Darwin: A Century of Family …
… University Press, 1933), frontispiece. Barbara and Hensleigh Wedgwood, The Wedgwood Circle 1730 …

Darwin in letters, 1876: In the midst of life

Summary

1876 was the year in which the Darwins became grandparents for the first time. And tragically lost their daughter-in-law, Amy, who died just days after her son's birth. All the letters from 1876 are now published in volume 24 of The Correspondence…

Matches: 18 hits

… I cannot bear to think of the future The year 1876 started out sedately enough with …
… life in Down House measured by the ongoing tally of his and Emma ’s backgammon games. ‘I have won, …
… regarding the ailments that were so much a feature of Darwin family life. But the calm was not to …
… four days later. ‘I cannot bear to think of the future’, Darwin confessed to William on 11 …
… in him for ‘new matter’ (letter to Asa Gray, 28 January 1876). The preparation of the second edition …
… Climbing plants ( letter from R. F. Cooke, 23 February 1876 ). When Smith, Elder and Company …
… observed to Carus. ( Letter to J. V. Carus, 24 April 1876. ) Darwin focused instead on the …
… ‘advantages of crossing’ (letter to Asa Gray, 28 January 1876). Revising Orchids was less a …
… vol. 23, letter from Ernst von Hesse-Wartegg, 20 September 1875 ). He began to compile an account …
… was never far away in the Darwin family. In April, while Emma was suffering from a feverish cold, …
… In the same month, Darwin heard that his sister Caroline Wedgwood continued to languish in …
… associated with a happy event. On 7 September, Charles and Emma became grandparents for the first …
… have heart to go on again . . . I cannot conceive Emma and Charles exhibited a practical …
… August to be with her daughter at the time of the birth, and Emma was unimpressed by her. ‘The more …
… word she says’, she confided to Henrietta (letter from Emma Darwin to H. E. Litchfield, [31 August …
… ability to console Francis after Amy’s death gained Emma ’s respect. ‘She is always able to speak’, …
… of Darwin’s recently completed autobiography (letter from Emma Darwin to W. E. Darwin, [13 September …
… & his wife (very pleasing) & a Prof. Romer came to lunch’, Emma Darwin reported to Leonard …

Darwin in letters, 1874: A turbulent year

Summary

The year 1874 was one of consolidation, reflection, and turmoil for Darwin. He spent the early months working on second editions of Coral reefs and Descent of man; the rest of the year was mostly devoted to further research on insectivorous plants. A…

Matches: 18 hits

… The year 1874 was one of consolidation, reflection, and turmoil for Darwin. He spent the early …
… dispute over an anonymous review that attacked the work of Darwin’s son George dominated the second …
… been the naturalist and traveller Alexander von Humboldt’s 105th birthday, Darwin obliged with a …
… intervals’ ( letter to D. T. Gardner, [ c . 27 August 1874] ). The death of a Cambridge friend, …
… and collecting beetles ( letter from W. D. Fox, 8 May [1874] ). Such reminiscences led Darwin to …
… backwards much more than forwards’ ( letter to W. D. Fox, 11 May [1874] ). I feel …
… Andrew Clark, whom he had been consulting since August 1873. Darwin had originally thought that …
… old & helpless’ ( letter to B. J. Sulivan, 6 January [1874] ). Darwin mentioned his poor …
… on the matter ( letter from Ernst Haeckel, 26 October 1874 ). Séances, psychics, and …
… by George Henry Lewes and Marian Evans (George Eliot), but Darwin excused himself, finding it too …
… confided to Joseph Dalton Hooker ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 18 January [1874] ). Later in …
… and an imposter’ ( letter from T. H. Huxley, 27 January 1874 ). Darwin agreed that it was ‘all …
… satisfaction. Assisted in the wording by his wife, Emma , and daughter Henrietta, he finally wrote a …
… a comfortable cabin ( see letter from Leonard Darwin to Emma Darwin, [after 26 June -- 28 September …
… to become Darwin’s secretary. They rented Down Lodge and Emma Darwin wrote, ‘They have . . . made …
… the average in prettiness & snugness’ ( letter from Emma Darwin to J. B. Innes, 12 October …
… letter to Down School Board, [after 29 November 1873] ). Emma saw a ‘great blessing’ in the rumour …
… dead uncle’s position of vicar of Deptford ( letter from Emma Darwin to J. B. Innes, 12 October …

Darwin in letters, 1868: Studying sex

Summary

The quantity of Darwin’s correspondence increased dramatically in 1868 due largely to his ever-widening research on human evolution and sexual selection.Darwin’s theory of sexual selection as applied to human descent led him to investigate aspects of the…

Matches: 16 hits

… On 6 March 1868, Darwin wrote to the entomologist and accountant John Jenner Weir, ‘If any …
… he ought to do what I am doing pester them with letters.’ Darwin was certainly true to his word. The …
… and sexual selection. In Origin , pp. 87–90, Darwin had briefly introduced the concept of …
… the mating process. In a letter to Alfred Russel Wallace in 1864, Darwin claimed that sexual …
… to the stridulation of crickets. At the same time, Darwin continued to collect material on …
… and his immediate circle of friends and relations. In July 1868 Darwin was still anticipating that …
… which was devoted to sexual selection in the animal kingdom. Darwin described his thirst for …
… a little and not too much’ ( letter to Albert Günther, 15 May [1868] ). My book is …
… been advertised by the publisher John Murray as early as 1865, the two-volume work appeared in …
… Record. Dallas had begun the work in November 1867 and had expected to complete it in a fortnight. …
… the text. This increased the amount of work substantially. Darwin asked Murray to intervene, …
… at Cambridge, George Robert Crotch, writing to his mother Emma in a letter dated [after 16 October …
… Langton wrote from the south of France to Sarah Elizabeth Wedgwood on 9 Novembe r, describing …
… and received a number of reports from family members. Emma Darwin’s niece, Cicely Mary Hawkshaw, …
… old daughter Katherine ( letter from C. M. Hawkshaw to Emma Darwin, 9 February [1868] ). Darwin’s …
… other national papers, and within a few days Darwin and Emma were receiving letters of …

Darwin’s queries on expression

Summary

When Darwin resumed systematic research on emotions around 1866, he began to collect observations more widely and composed a list of queries on human expression. A number of handwritten copies were sent out in 1867 (see, for example, letter to Fritz Muller…

Matches: 17 hits

… When Darwin resumed systematic research on emotions around 1866, he began to collect …
… expression. A number of handwritten copies were sent out in 1867 (see, for example, letter to …
… cultural and conventional, or instinctive and universal. Darwin used his existing correspondence …
… and with the mouth a little drawn back at the corners?” Darwin’s questionnaire was an extension of …
… was also carefully devised so as to prevent the feelings of Darwin’s remote observers from colouring …
… in Ceylon, wrote the botanist George Thwaites on 22 July 1868 , “all endeavour to drill their …
… Scottish botanist John Scott wrote from Calcutta, 4 May 1868 : “Shame is … expressed by an …
… and not the susceptibilities of a moral nature.” Darwin did not typically countenance such …
… the collection of information to its display in print. After Darwin received all of the replies to …
… except “yes” or “no.” “The same state of mind” Darwin would later assert in Expression of the …
… could available online ahead of schedule as part of the “Darwin and Human Nature” project, funded by …
… Barber, Mary E. [after Feb 1867] [Grahamstown, Cape …
… Blair, R.H. 11 July 1871 Worcester College for the …
… Bowker, J.H. [10 Dec 1867] [Cape of Good Hope (South …
… Abbey Place, London, England letter to Emma Darwin baby expression …
… Penmaenmawr, Conway, Wales letter to Emma Darwin infant daughter …
… astonishment Wedgwood, F.J. [1867-72] …

Religion

Summary

Design|Personal Belief|Beauty|The Church Perhaps the most notorious realm of controversy over evolution in Darwin's day was religion. The same can be said of the evolution controversy today; however the nature of the disputes and the manner in…

Matches: 14 hits

… the most notorious realm of controversy over evolution in Darwin's day was religion. The same …
… nineteenth century were different in important ways. Many of Darwin's leading supporters were …
… their religious beliefs with evolutionary theory. Darwin's own writing, both in print and …
… much as possible. A number of correspondents tried to draw Darwin out on his own religious views, …
… political contexts. Design Darwin was not the first to challenge …
… on the controversial topic of design. The first is between Darwin and Harvard botanist Asa Gray, …
… second is a single letter from naturalist A. R. Wallace to Darwin on design and natural selection. …
… Letter 2855 — Darwin, C. R. to Gray, Asa, 3 July [1860] Darwin writes to Gray and tells him …
… Letter 3256 — Darwin, C. R. to Gray, Asa, 17 Sept [1861] Darwin writes to Gray about botany …
… Letter 3342 — Darwin, C. R. to Gray, Asa, 11 Dec [1861] Darwin writes to Gray about politics …
… Letter 6167 — Darwin, C. R. to Gray, Asa, 8 May [1868] Darwin writes to Gray about his review …
… variations. Darwin and Graham Letter 13230 — Darwin, C. R. to Graham, …
… members of his own family. Letter 441 — Wedgwood, Emma to Darwin, C. R., [21–22 Nov …
… conscientious doubts”. Letter 471 — Darwin, Emma to Darwin, C. R., [c. Feb 1839] …

Darwin's health

Summary

On 28 March 1849, ten years before Origin was published, Darwin wrote to his good friend Joseph Hooker from Great Malvern in Worcestershire, where Dr James Manby Gully ran a fashionable water-cure establishment. Darwin apologised for his delayed reply to…

Matches: 18 hits

… On 28 March 1849, ten years before Origin was published, Darwin wrote to his good friend Joseph …
… Manby Gully ran a fashionable water-cure establishment. Darwin apologised for his delayed reply to …
… See the letter At various periods in his life Darwin suffered from gastrointestinal …
… headaches, fatigue, trembling, faintness, and dizziness. In 1849, Darwin’s symptoms became so severe …
… for three months while he took Dr Gully’s water cure. In Darwin’s letter to Hooker, he described Dr …
… a wet compress all day on my stomach. I eat simply, dine at 1 oclock & take several short walks …
… See the letter After returning from Malvern, Darwin continued his hydropathic …
… of a fashionable spinal ice treatment. In April 1864, Darwin attributed his improved health to Dr …
… & I am gaining vigour .’ (letter to J. D. Hooker, 13 April [1864] ) Why was Darwin’s …
… troubles, see Correspondence vol. 2, letter to Caroline Wedgwood, [May 1838] , and letter to …
… almost daily (see Correspondence vol. 12, letter from Emma Darwin to W. D. Fox, [6 May 1864] …
… 38, 47, 64). Fainting and ‘rocking’ had been recorded in Emma Darwin’s diary (DAR 242) on several …
… sensations’ has been found. On Darwin’s reliance on Emma Darwin’s companionship and care see, for …
… Hooker, 1 June [1865] and 27 [or 28 September 1865] . Emma or another member of the household …
… , and Correspondence vol. 2, letter to Sarah Elizabeth Wedgwood, [28 August 1837] ). His …
… alive’. See also Correspondence vol. 12, letter from Emma Darwin to J. D. Hooker, 17 March …
… October 1863 (see Correspondence vol. 11, letter from Emma Darwin to W. D. Fox, 8 December …
… of chalk, magnesia, and other antacids in March 1864 (see Emma Darwin’s diary, DAR 242, and n. 8, …

Women as a scientific audience

Summary

Target audience? | Female readership | Reading Variation Darwin's letters, in particular those exchanged with his editors and publisher, reveal a lot about his intended audience. Regardless of whether or not women were deliberately targeted as a…

Matches: 10 hits

… Female readership | Reading Variation Darwin's letters, in particular those …
… a broad variety of women had access to, and engaged with, Darwin's published works. A set of …
… women a target audience? Letter 2447 - Darwin to Murray, J., [5 April 1859] …
… that his views are original and will appeal to the public. Darwin asks Murray to forward the …
… and criticisms of style. Letter 2461 - Darwin to Hooker, J. D., [11 May 1859] …
… Letter 7124 - Darwin to Darwin, H. E., [8 February 1870] Darwin seeks Henrietta’s …
… Letter 7331 - Darwin to Murray, J., [29 September 1870] Darwin asks Murray to …
… Letter 8335 - Reade, W. W. to Darwin, [16 May 1872] Reade tells Darwin of his …
… Letter 8341 - Reade, W. W. to Darwin, [20 May 1872] Reade shares with Darwin his …
… 8611 - Cupples, A. J. to Darwin, E., [8 November 1872] Ann Cupples asks Emma to …

Science: A Man’s World?

Summary

Discussion Questions|Letters Darwin's correspondence show that many nineteenth-century women participated in the world of science, be it as experimenters, observers, editors, critics, producers, or consumers. Despite this, much of the…

Matches: 12 hits

… Discussion Questions | Letters Darwin's correspondence show that many nineteenth …
… . Discussion Questions 1 . What sorts of scientific participation …
… Letters Darwin’s Notes On Marriage [April - July 1838] In these notes, …
… of family, home and sociability. Letter 489 - Darwin to Wedgwood, E., [20 January 1839] …
… theories, & accumulating facts in silence & solitude”. Darwin also comments that he has …
… Letter 3715 - Claparède, J. L. R. A. E. to Darwin, [6 September 1862] Claparède …
… are not those of her sex”. Letter 4038 - Darwin to Lyell, C., [12-13 March 1863] …
… critic”. Letter 4377 - Haeckel, E. P. A. to Darwin, [2 January 1864] Haeckel …
… Letter 4441 - Becker, L. E. to Darwin, [30 March 1864] Lydia Becker sends Darwin a copy …
… Letter 4940 - Cresy, E. to Darwin, E., [20 November 1865] Edward Cresy Jnr. seeks Darwin …
… of physiology at Bedford College for girls. Appealing to Emma ’s “feminine sympathies”, Cresy is keen …
… Letter 6976 - Darwin to Blackwell, A. B., [8 November 1869] Darwin thanks Antoinette …

Darwin and the Church

Summary

The story of Charles Darwin’s involvement with the church is one that is told far too rarely. It shows another side of the man who is more often remembered for his personal struggles with faith, or for his role in large-scale controversies over the…

Matches: 18 hits

… The story of Charles Darwin’s involvement with the church is one that is told far too rarely. It …
… unique window into this complicated relationship throughout Darwin’s life, as it reveals his …
… belief (and doubt) than many non-conformist denominations. Darwin’s parents attended a Unitarian …
… professions. As a young man, Charles went up to Cambridge in 1828 with the aim of completing the …
… income was essential to enjoy a gentlemanly lifestyle. For Darwin, who could rely on the financial …
… compatible with the pursuit of scientific interests. Indeed, Darwin’s Cambridge mentor, John Stevens …
… ivy-covered house’ (Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine (1887): 321). Darwin started on his …
… of Palms.—’ (letter to Caroline Darwin, 25–6 April [1832] ). Darwin’s sisters were extremely …
… or some other learned place’ (letter from E. A. Darwin, 18 August [1832] ). Writing to Fox from …
… ought to think about—’ (letter to W. D. Fox, [9–12 August] 1835 ). Darwin’s doubts about orthodox …
… are evident in his scientific notebooks from the late 1830s, and in correspondence with his fiancée, …
… of England. The whole family took the sacrament, although Emma used to make the children turn around …
… and Charles were buried; later Darwin’s brother Erasmus, Emma ’s sister Sarah, Emma herself, and …
… church involvement can be attributed to the influence of Emma , whose religious scruples are …
… Ffinden strongly disapproved of the Darwins. In his eyes, Emma ’s Unitarian leanings and Darwin’s …
… schools in this period, the Down school was Anglican. Emma wished it to be used as a reading room …
… even altered the habits of the household in order to allow Emma and the children to attend his …
… increase his desire to actually attend Sunday services with Emma and the children. Darwin’s life in …

Darwin Correspondence Project

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