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Darwin & coral reefs
Summary
The central idea of Darwin's theory of coral reef formation, as it was later formulated, was that the islands were formed by the upward growth of coral as the Pacific Ocean floor gradually subsided. It overturned previous ideas and would in itself…
Matches: 24 hits
- … formation of barrier-reefs and atolls. Charles Darwin describing how he arrived at his …
- … notes on geological observations that survive from the time Darwin spent on the west coast of South …
- … which, though fragmentary and indirect, give evidence that Darwin had the main points of the theory …
- … A letter from Robert Edward Alison, who had assisted Darwin in his observations on the elevation of …
- … before leaving for the Galapagos early in September, Darwin jotted down some notes about coral …
- … medium is ink, which indicates that the notes were made when Darwin was in residence ashore or on …
- … suggests that he was writing before the late summer of 1835, for about that time he adopted …
- … which is concerned with subjects of primary interest to Darwin during his time in Chile: crustal …
- … these notes on global crustal changes strongly suggests that Darwin’s theory of coral reef formation …
- … at the time: the elevation of the South American continent. Darwin had by that time become a …
- … of the elevation of South America. Paradoxically, Darwin’s adoption of the principle of …
- … far too deep for reef-building corals to grow. Darwin was certainly familiar with Lyell’s …
- … 32 coral islands, and the Frenchmen Quoy and Gaimard. As Darwin wrote to his sister Catherine, …
- … no. 1.17, written shortly after a visit to Lima in August 1835: ‘Corall rapidly growing in Low …
- … of both annular and barrier reefs. This was in November 1835 at Tahiti and the neighbouring reef of …
- … draft of his theory in a memorandum headed ‘Coral islands 1835.’ It is the first account of the …
- … Stoddart 1962, DAR 41: 22a.] The impact of Darwin’s first sighting of a coral island …
- … to the Cocos (Keeling) Islands of the Indian Ocean. What Darwin saw there strengthened his …
- … a monstrous hypothesis.’ While at Cocos (Keeling) Darwin wrote an entry in his diary that …
- … Shortly after returning to England, Darwin told Lyell of his theory. Lyell was immediately …
- … (Wilson 1972, p. 449). At Lyell’s urging, Darwin read a paper on his coral theory before the …
- … of feet. Selected letters: Darwin tells his sister Susan that has told …
- … 1831] . The first evidence of ideas that led to Darwin’s theory of coral reef formation: A …
- … was matched by the sinking of Pacific islands: 25 June 1835 . Darwin confides to his …
Darwin’s reading notebooks
Summary
In April 1838, Darwin began recording the titles of books he had read and the books he wished to read in Notebook C (Notebooks, pp. 319–28). In 1839, these lists were copied and continued in separate notebooks. The first of these reading notebooks (DAR 119…
Matches: 25 hits
- … In April 1838, Darwin began recording the titles of books he had read and the books he wished …
- … used these notebooks extensively in dating and annotating Darwin’s letters; the full transcript …
- … *128). For clarity, the transcript does not record Darwin’s alterations. The spelling and …
- … book had been consulted. Those cases where it appears that Darwin made a genuine deletion have been …
- … a few instances, primarily in the ‘Books Read’ sections, Darwin recorded that a work had been …
- … of the books listed in the other two notebooks. Sometimes Darwin recorded that an abstract of the …
- … own. Soon after beginning his first reading notebook, Darwin began to separate the scientific …
- … the second reading notebook. Readers primarily interested in Darwin’s scientific reading, therefore, …
- … editors’ identification of the book or article to which Darwin refers. A full list of these works is …
- … page number (or numbers, as the case may be) on which Darwin’s entry is to be found. The …
- … in the bibliography that other editions were available to Darwin. While it is likely that Darwin …
- … Entomological Magazine.—? paper on Geograph. range [Anon. 1835] read Study Buffon on varieties of …
- … laws about sexes relative to the age of marriage [Quetelet 1835] Brown at end of Flinders [R. Brown …
- … 1834, 1837]. Verey Philosophie d’Hist. Nat. [Virey 1835] read Marcel de Serres …
- … C. Watson on Geog. distrib: of Brit: plants [H. C. Watson 1835] read Hume’s Essay on Human …
- … & Medic. researches on the Horse in N. America— [Harlan 1835] Owen has it. & Royal Soc …
- … Birds. 10 s 6 d . translated by Rennie [Bechstein 1835] Some facts on cross-bred animals, M r …
- … Pœppig Travels in S. America. German [Pöppig 1835–6].— Zoologie Generale. Iside. St Hilaire …
- … 1815]— Colon Library Hogarth Hist of Music [Hogarth 1835] Wilkinson Ægyptian [J. G. …
- … 1833]: Suite— Decandolle on Botany [A. de Candolle 1835]: Lacordaire Introduction Entomologique …
- … ) on Dogs [C. H. Smith 1839–40] /on Ruminants [Jardine ed. 1835–6]// on Horses [C. H. Smith 1841]// …
- … Hilaire Progress de un Naturalist [E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1835] (Gerard [Gérard 1844]) …
- … (Perry can give me order) Virey Philosoph [Virey 1835]. Forbes thinks worth reading Royal Soc …
- … kind [Jardine 1834b]. 9. Columbidæ (Pigeons.) [Selby 1835] 11. Ruminating Animals …
- … London. [Other eds.] 119: 22b Gray, Elizabeth Caroline. 1840. Tour to the sepulchres of …
Darwin and the Church
Summary
The story of Charles Darwin’s involvement with the church is one that is told far too rarely. It shows another side of the man who is more often remembered for his personal struggles with faith, or for his role in large-scale controversies over the…
Matches: 20 hits
- … The story of Charles Darwin’s involvement with the church is one that is told far too rarely. It …
- … unique window into this complicated relationship throughout Darwin’s life, as it reveals his …
- … belief (and doubt) than many non-conformist denominations. Darwin’s parents attended a Unitarian …
- … the necessary studies to be a clergyman. During Darwin’s lifetime, the vast majority of the …
- … income was essential to enjoy a gentlemanly lifestyle. For Darwin, who could rely on the financial …
- … compatible with the pursuit of scientific interests. Indeed, Darwin’s Cambridge mentor, John Stevens …
- … (Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine (1887): 321). Darwin started on his journey around the world …
- … I can see it even through a grove of Palms.—’ (letter to Caroline Darwin, 25–6 April [1832] ). …
- … Museum or some other learned place’ (letter from E. A. Darwin, 18 August [1832] ). Writing to Fox …
- … to think about—’ (letter to W. D. Fox, [9–12 August] 1835 ). Darwin’s doubts about orthodox …
- … in 1838 and 1839, as can be read here. In the end, Darwin chose a middle course—a life of ease in …
- … within six years of his return from the Beagle voyage, Darwin moved to Down House, in the …
- … where their children Mary and Charles were buried; later Darwin’s brother Erasmus, Emma’s sister …
- … of Emma, whose religious scruples are discussed here. But Darwin’s correspondence reveals his own …
- … Although he was not the principal landowner in Down, Darwin was a gentleman of means, and clearly …
- … made inroads on Anglican authority in the countryside. The Darwin family took an interest in, and …
- … Many of the letters highlighted in this section focus on Darwin’s long-standing relationship with …
- … To the end of his life Innes refused to be persuaded by Darwin’s theory of evolution, but …
- … cordial; in the first extant letter of the correspondence, Darwin wrote to Innes expressing concern …
- … to 1869 (letter to J. B. Innes, [8 May 1848] and n. 2). Darwin praised Innes to John William …
Darwin in letters, 1837–1843: The London years to 'natural selection'
Summary
The seven-year period following Darwin's return to England from the Beagle voyage was one of extraordinary activity and productivity in which he became recognised as a naturalist of outstanding ability, as an author and editor, and as a professional…
Matches: 28 hits
- … The seven-year period following Darwin's return to England from the Beagle voyage was one …
- … a family Busy as he was with scientific activities, Darwin found time to re-establish family …
- … close contact. In November 1838, two years after his return, Darwin became engaged to his cousin, …
- … daughter, Anne Elizabeth, moved to Down House in Kent, where Darwin was to spend the rest of his …
- … his greatest theoretical achievement, the most important of Darwin’s activities during the years …
- … identifications of his bird and fossil mammal specimens, Darwin arrived at the daring and momentous …
- … in species. With this new theoretical point of departure Darwin continued to make notes and explore …
- … present in the version of 1859. Young author Darwin’s investigation of the species …
- … the Beagle had returned to England, news of some of Darwin’s findings had been spread by the …
- … great excitement. The fuller account of the voyage and Darwin’s discoveries was therefore eagerly …
- … suitable categories for individual experts to work upon, Darwin applied himself to the revision of …
- … of the surveying voyage of H.M.S. Adventure and Beagle. Darwin’s volume bore the title Journal …
- … visited by H.M.S. Beagle . Also in November 1837, Darwin read the fourth of a series of papers to …
- … to the Society of 9 March 1838), had been developed by Darwin from a suggestion made by his uncle, …
- … Sedgwick, [after 15 May 1838] ). The new research Darwin undertook after 1837 was an …
- … time, the parallel terraces, or ‘roads’, of Glen Roy. Darwin had seen similar formations on the …
- … roads of Glen Roy’, Collected papers 1: 88–137). Darwin later abandoned this view, calling it a …
- … contemporaneous unstratified deposits of South America”, Darwin continued to defend his and Lyell’s …
- … 1842, having heard of evidence of glaciation in North Wales, Darwin made a tour there in order to …
- … more satisfactorily than any alternative explanation. Darwin eventually relinquished this theory and …
- … the Beagle voyage In addition to his work on geology Darwin undertook to provide a …
- … The correspondence provides a nearly complete record of Darwin’s arrangements with the Treasury, his …
- … , by Thomas Bell—a total of nineteen quarto issues. Darwin contributed a substantial portion of the …
- … and habitats of the species. Mr Arthrobalanus Darwin had originally planned to include …
- … Archipelago off the coast of Chile. These unexpectedly led Darwin to devote eight years (1846–54) …
- … As the correspondence from these years shows, that work put Darwin in communication with most of the …
- … but his theory of coral reef formation, first conceived in 1835, had soon demonstrated that he was …
- … several months (See Correspondence vol. 1, letter to Caroline Darwin, 13 October 1834 , and …
Darwin in letters, 1882: Nothing too great or too small
Summary
In 1882, Darwin reached his 74th year Earthworms had been published the previous October, and for the first time in decades he was not working on another book. He remained active in botanical research, however. Building on his recent studies in plant…
Matches: 26 hits
- … In 1882, Darwin reached his 74th year Earthworms had been published the previous …
- … for scientific colleagues or their widows facing hardship. Darwin had suffered from poor health …
- … of his scientific friends quickly organised a campaign for Darwin to have greater public recognition …
- … Botanical observation and experiment had long been Darwin’s greatest scientific pleasure. The year …
- … to Fritz Müller, 4 January 1882 ). These were topics that Darwin had been investigating for years, …
- … working at the effects of Carbonate of Ammonia on roots,’ Darwin wrote, ‘the chief result being that …
- … for some hours in a weak solution of C. of Ammonia’. Darwin’s interest in root response and the …
- … London on 6 and 16 March, respectively. In January, Darwin corresponded with George John …
- … letter from Arthur de Souza Corrêa, 28 December 1881 ). Darwin had a long-running interest in such …
- … experiments had been conducted to lend support to Darwin’s theory of pangenesis (see …
- … He was eager to write up the results on Brazilian cane, with Darwin providing a detailed outline: ‘I …
- … at the Linnean Society on 4 May, but not published. Darwin carried on with botanical work in …
- … which are asymmetric, thus facilitating cross-fertilisation. Darwin’s aim, he said, was just to …
- … 3 April 1882 ). Earthworms and evolution Darwin’s last book, Earthworms , had been …
- … Appendix V). The conservative Quarterly Review , owned by Darwin’s publisher John Murray, carried …
- … themselves’ ( Quarterly Review , January 1882, p. 179). Darwin commented at length on the review …
- … is a young man & a worker in any branch of Biology,’ Darwin continued, ‘he will assuredly sooner …
- … and professor of ecclesiastical history Henry Wace. Darwin was confident that the theory of …
- … James Frederick Simpson, a musical composer, had provided Darwin with observations on worm behaviour …
- … by the benefits of worms to soil composition. He asked Darwin about the nitrogen content in the …
- … H. Gilbert, 12 January 1882 ). In Earthworms , p. 305, Darwin had remarked on the creatures’ …
- … in a draw, with both combatants the worse for wear. Darwin’s writing on human evolution …
- … extracts from the diary of Bronson Alcott, who, like Darwin, had made detailed observations of his …
- … letter from A. T. Rice, 4 February 1882 ). Rice looked to Darwin to provide the ‘movement’ with …
- … offers, and this was no exception. Another American, Caroline Kennard, had written on 26 …
- … wall in Valparaiso, where he had witnessed an earthquake in 1835 ( letter from R. E. Alison, [March …
Darwin’s hothouse and lists of hothouse plants
Summary
Darwin became increasingly involved in botanical experiments in the years after the publication of Origin. The building of a small hothouse - a heated greenhouse - early in 1863 greatly increased the range of plants that he could keep for scientific…
Matches: 24 hits
- … Towards the end of 1862, Darwin resolved to build a small hothouse at Down House, for ‘experimental …
- … hothouse early in 1863 marked something of a milestone in Darwin’s botanical work, since it greatly …
- … vol. 5, letter to J. D. Hooker, 19 April [1855] ). Darwin became increasingly involved in …
- … Though his greenhouse was probably heated to some extent, Darwin found himself on several occasions …
- … make observations and even experiments on his behalf. Darwin’s decision to build a hothouse …
- … Hooker, 12 [December 1862] and n. 13). Initially, Darwin purchased for this purpose a glass …
- … of 24 December [1862] ( Correspondence vol. 10) Darwin told Hooker: I have …
- … Claudius Loudon’s Encyclopedia of gardening (Loudon 1835), a copy of which Darwin signed in 1841 …
- … of heat’ (p. 1100). The latter was the sense in which Darwin used the word. The building of …
- … accounts (Down House MS)). When it was completed, Darwin told Turnbull that without Horwood’s aid he …
- … ). Even before work on the hothouse started, however, Darwin began making preparations to …
- … plants’ (letter to J. D. Hooker, 13 January [1863] ). Darwin apparently refers to the catalogues …
- … whom he had dealt over many years. In his letter to Hooker, Darwin mentioned that he hoped to be …
- … (letter from J. D. Hooker, [15 January 1863] ). Darwin agreed to send Hooker his list of …
- … (letter to J. D. Hooker, 30 January [1863] ). Darwin probably gave his list of plants to …
- … [1863] ). On 20 February, the plants from Kew had arrived. Darwin was delighted, telling Hooker: ‘I …
- … moss, peat, and charcoal (see the letter from Henrietta Emma Darwin to William Erasmus Darwin, [22 …
- … (see letter from J. D. Hooker, [6 March 1863] ). Darwin derived enormous pleasure from his …
- … (letter to J. D. Hooker, 24[–5] February [1863] ). Darwin’s aesthetic appreciation of the …
- … the tropics. Even before he left on the Beagle voyage, Darwin used the hothouses in the …
- … the tropics (see Correspondence vol. 1, letter to Caroline Darwin, [28 April 1831] ), and …
- … again’ ( Correspondence vol. 1, letter to Catherine Darwin, May–June [1832] ). Years later, …
- … 8 October [1845] ). Having indulged his senses, Darwin soon began the more serious work of …
- … department at Kew, had helped select the plants for Darwin). Hooker had also sent seeds, and was …
Robert FitzRoy
Summary
Robert FitzRoy was captain of HMS Beagle when Darwin was aboard. From 1831 to 1836 the two men lived in the closest proximity, their relationship revealed by the letters they exchanged while Darwin left the ship to explore the countries visited during the…
Matches: 23 hits
- … Robert FitzRoy was captain of HMS Beagle when Darwin was aboard. From 1831 to 1836 the two men …
- … relationship revealed by the letters they exchanged while Darwin left the ship to explore the …
- … evolutionary theory. FitzRoy is now too often viewed through Darwin’s increasingly negative opinion …
- … Admiralty that a ‘Savant’ had been found, ‘ A M r Darwin grandson of the well known philosopher …
- … earthquake had caused the wreck of HMS Challenger in 1835; a disaster he minimised by going to …
- … on 2 October 1836, two years later than originally planned, Darwin told FitzRoy: ‘ If you do not …
- … a most inconvenient time to marry ’, according to Darwin. FitzRoy then turned to the production of …
- … His contributions were eclipsed by the volume written by Darwin, which went on to have an …
- … of Tierra del Fuego was far less extreme than that of Darwin ; they were, according to FitzRoy, …
- … but adamant in the importance of missionary work. In 1836, Darwin joined with FitzRoy in …
- … voyage was philosophical in its aims, not only because Darwin was on board, but because of FitzRoy’s …
- … ‘You will be amused with FitzRoy’s Deluge Chapter’, Darwin wrote to his sister Caroline, adding that …
- … political obstacles and his religious beliefs hardened. Darwin embarked on the Beagle as a young …
- … secretary of the Geological Society of London. In 1834, Darwin had reported that FitzRoy’s ‘ most …
- … Others were dismayed by FitzRoy’s opposition to Darwin’s theory of evolution. In 1866, Victor Carus …
- … yours. ’ Decline and fall FitzRoy and Darwin had spent the Beagle voyage …
- … of himself and the officers on the Beagle in Darwin’s volume of the Narrative . Just weeks …
- … manner ’. When FitzRoy moved away from London in 1839, Darwin was ‘right glad of it’ as he was …
- … returned from his difficult governorship of New Zealand, Darwin set the tone of their relationship …
- … tears into my father’s eyes ’. From 1854, Darwin was a member of the Royal Society committee …
- … FitzRoy was the head, but the two men rarely met. In 1859, Darwin guessed that FitzRoy was the …
- … Origin on shaky scientific grounds. A year later, Darwin feared that FitzRoy’s mind was ‘ often …
- … difficulties and debts . Despite knowing this, Darwin was astounded when he received the …
Books on the Beagle
Summary
The Beagle was a sort of floating library. Find out what Darwin and his shipmates read here.
Matches: 23 hits
- … from the unpublished zoological and geological notes in the Darwin Archive (DAR 29–38), a brief …
- … is of four kinds: There are volumes now in the Darwin Library in Cambridge that contain …
- … notes made by CD during the voyage. They are in the Darwin Archive in the Cambridge University …
- … and symbols are used: DAR — Darwin Archive CUL — Cambridge University …
- … , conveys the following information: CD’s copy, now in Darwin Libary–CUL, was used on board. The …
- … 1 of volume 32 of CD’s geological diary (DAR 32.1) in the Darwin Archive. The copy in the Darwin …
- … . 2 vols. Strasbourg, 1819. (Inscription in vol. 1: ‘C. Darwin HMS Beagle’; DAR 32.1: 61). Darwin …
- … 26, 27, 28 . London, 1831. (DAR 31.1: 276v.; 33: 253v.). Darwin Library–CUL, 1832 Philadelphia …
- … Zoologie . Paris, 1816–30. (DAR 30.1: 6, 12v.). Darwin Library–CUL. § Blainville, Henri …
- … 84–115. (DAR 37.1: 677v.; letter to J. S. Henslow, 12 July 1835). * Boitard, Pierre. Manuel …
- … (Letter from J. S. Henslow, 15–21 January [1833]). Darwin Library–CUL. § Bougainville, Louis …
- … Charles Whitley, 23 July 1834). ‘Philosophical tracts’, Darwin Library–CUL. § British …
- … 26–35. (DAR 35.2: 396). ‘Philosophical tracts’, Darwin Library–CUL ††. ‡ Buch, Leopold von. …
- … . . . by Robert Jameson. London, 1813. (DAR 30.2: 154). Darwin Library–CUL. Bulkeley, John …
- … 1822–4. ( Voyage , p. 182; Red notebook , p. 86). Darwin Library–Down †. Byron, George …
- … ofEngland and Wales. Pt 1. London, 1822. (DAR 35.1: 317). Darwin Library–Down. Cook, James. …
- … Le règne animal. 4 vols. Paris, 1817. (DAR 30.1: 29v.). Darwin Library–CUL, 2d edition, 5 vols., …
- … volcanoes . . . London, 1826. (DAR 32.1: 23v., 26). Darwin Library–Down. ‡ De la Beche, …
- … Notes. London, 1824. (DAR 36.2: 522; Stoddart 1962, p. 14). Darwin Library–Down. ‡ De la …
- … in New Zealand in 1827 . . . London, 1832. (Letter to Caroline Darwin, 27 December 1835). …
- … zoology . . . 2 vols. Edinburgh, 1822. (Letter from Susan Darwin, 15 October 1833). Darwin Library …
- … few little books written by Miss Martineau’. (Letter from Caroline Darwin, 28 October [1833]). …
- … . by a country pastor [R. W.]. London, 1829. (Letter from Caroline Darwin, 28 October [1833]). …
Darwin’s first love
Summary
Darwin’s long marriage to Emma Wedgwood is well documented, but was there an earlier romance in his life? How was his departure on the Beagle entangled with his first love? The answers are revealed in a series of flirtatious letters that Darwin was…
Matches: 27 hits
- … Darwin’s long marriage to Emma Wedgwood is well documented, but was there an …
- … answers are revealed in a series of flirtatious letters that Darwin was supposed to destroy. …
- … at my fury and revenge— Had nineteen-year-old Darwin followed this instruction in a …
- … Fanny Mostyn Owen, wrote a series of revealing letters to Darwin, giving glimpses into their …
- … not know whether Fanny burnt the letters she received from Darwin, but he carefully kept the letters …
- … father, William Mostyn Owen, ‘ the Governor ’. Darwin first heard about Fanny when he was an …
- … The high-spirited, fun-loving Fanny, two years older than Darwin, clearly established the terms of …
- … her love of the dramatic, and most of all her inclusion of Darwin in a make-believe private world, …
- … Forest that shaped the relationship she developed with Darwin. The characters include Peter, a …
- … In Fanny’s first letter, and in many others she wrote to Darwin, he was postilion to her housemaid, …
- … words, convey a warmth of character that was first noted by Darwin’s sister Catherine. After staying …
- … Sarah, both recently back from France, Catherine wrote to Darwin in Edinburgh. ‘I never saw such …
- … on the social life of Brighton, she also demanded that Darwin send her ‘Shrewsbury scandal’. ‘You …
- … black mysteries after so long an absence ’. Darwin, however, did leave Shrewsbury before …
- … a clergyman. Fanny’s slow response to the news of Darwin’s departure came with the excuse that she …
- … like any thing but what I am , a Housemaid ’. Darwin’s feelings were probably more …
- … he had not heard from her. Writing before the end of Darwin’s first Cambridge term, Fanny …
- … they think, of a Housemaid writing to M r Charles Darwin— ' That summer, while away …
- … A gift with wings At Cambridge, Darwin’s new-found passion for entomology …
- … ’, she declared herself ‘ very much oblig’d’ for Darwin’s gift. The swallow tail ‘has absolutely …
- … she had not played billiards or gone riding. When Darwin did not return to Shrewsbury for …
- … Hunters —and Paint brush Drivers !!! ’ Darwin was still as enraptured as ever by the Owens of …
- … Fanny Owen, 27 January [1830] (DAR 204: 47), referring to Darwin as a Beetle Hunter and herself as …
- … A long voyage and a secret ride In the end, it was Darwin’s ‘mania’ for natural history …
- … and not, as she had heard, two years, but she reassured Darwin that she would remember him. …
- … Susan Darwin had reported while visiting Woodhouse in early 1835. Fanny & M r …
- … Although Fanny seemed ‘happy & attached to M r. B’, Caroline Darwin couldn’t help thinking, …
