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Earthworms
Summary
As with many of Darwin’s research topics, his interest in worms spanned nearly his entire working life. Some of his earliest correspondence about earthworms was written and received in the 1830s, shortly after his return from his Beagle voyage, and his…
Matches: 16 hits
- … Earthworms and Wedgwood cousins As with many of Darwin's research topics, his …
- … months before he died in March 1882. In the same way that Darwin cast a wide net when seeking …
- … his nieces, Lucy and Sophy Wedgwood, the daughters of Emma Darwin's brother Josiah. Darwin …
- … Scientific evidence for the history of life Darwin chose to study earthworms in order to …
- … selection. His book Fertilisation of Orchids (1862) was Darwin's "flank movement …
- … was a study of incredible empirical detail that demonstrates Darwin's creative experimental …
- … (be it geology or evolutionary theory) was a subject that Darwin had contemplated from his earliest …
- … SOURCES Papers Darwin, C.R. 1840. On the formation of mould. Transactions of the …
- … John Murray. Chapters 1 and 3. Letters Letter 385 - Sarah Elizabeth …
- … of stone at Stonehenge. In his reply of two days later, Darwin wrote, “Your letter & facts are …
- … request, and his gratitude for her observations. Letter 12745 - Darwin to Sophy …
- … such a case as grass roots, weeds, in a gravel path.” [ Letter 12760 , 15 October 1880] …
- … her interest in earthworms and its significance. Letter 13632 - Darwin to John …
- … QUESTIONS 1. What do you think of Darwin's letter to John Murray? What does Darwin …
- … his relationship to them through the correspondence? 4. What do you think of Darwin's …
- … this experiment? Can you relate your own observations to the letter selections for this module? …
Darwin in letters,1866: Survival of the fittest
Summary
The year 1866 began well for Charles Darwin, as his health, after several years of illness, was now considerably improved. In February, Darwin received a request from his publisher, John Murray, for a new edition of Origin. Darwin got the fourth…
Matches: 21 hits
- … The year 1866 began well for Charles Darwin, as his health, after several years of illness, was now …
- … and also a meeting with Herbert Spencer, who was visiting Darwin’s neighbour, Sir John Lubbock. In …
- … Pound foolish, Penurious, Pragmatical Prigs’ ( letter from J. D. Hooker, [29 December 1866] ). But …
- … all but the concluding chapter of the work was submitted by Darwin to his publisher in December. …
- … hypothesis of hereditary transmission. Debate about Darwin’s theory of transmutation …
- … alleged evidence of a global ice age, while Asa Gray pressed Darwin’s American publisher for a …
- … by family bereavement. Two of Darwin’s sisters died, Emily Catherine Langton in January, and Susan …
- … able to write easy work for about 1½ hours every day’ ( letter to H. B. Jones, 3 January [1866] ). …
- … once daily to make the chemistry go on better’ ( letter from H. B. Jones, 10 February [1866] ). …
- … see you out with our beagles before the season is over’ ( letter from John Lubbock, 4 August 1866 …
- … work doing me any harm—any how I can’t be idle’ ( letter to W. D. Fox, 24 August [1866] ). …
- … production of which Tegetmeier had agreed to supervise ( letter to W. B. Tegetmeier, 16 January …
- … of “Domestic Animals & Cult. Plants” to Printers’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 24 December [1866] …
- … good deal I think, & have come to more definite views’ ( letter to T. H. Huxley, 22 December …
- … in which he strenuously opposes the theory’ ( Origin 4th ed., p. xviii). Glacial theory …
- … ‘I quite follow you in thinking Agassiz glacier-mad’ ( letter to Charles Lyell, 8[–9] September …
- … ( C. multiflorus ) in his botanical notebook (DAR 186: 43). His drawings of C. scoparius , sent …
- … is known on the subject’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 3 and 4 August [1866] ). And on the next day: …
- … he had sounded the charge’ ( letter from J. D. Hooker, [4 September 1866] ). 'Natural …
- … provoking sombre thoughts. Darwin’s younger sister Emily Catherine Langton died in February, and his …
- … in Shrewsbury after their father’s death in 1848 until Catherine married in 1863. Catherine had …
Darwin’s reading notebooks
Summary
In April 1838, Darwin began recording the titles of books he had read and the books he wished to read in Notebook C (Notebooks, pp. 319–28). In 1839, these lists were copied and continued in separate notebooks. The first of these reading notebooks (DAR 119…
Matches: 27 hits
- … In April 1838, Darwin began recording the titles of books he had read and the books he wished …
- … used these notebooks extensively in dating and annotating Darwin’s letters; the full transcript …
- … *128). For clarity, the transcript does not record Darwin’s alterations. The spelling and …
- … book had been consulted. Those cases where it appears that Darwin made a genuine deletion have been …
- … a few instances, primarily in the ‘Books Read’ sections, Darwin recorded that a work had been …
- … of the books listed in the other two notebooks. Sometimes Darwin recorded that an abstract of the …
- … own. Soon after beginning his first reading notebook, Darwin began to separate the scientific …
- … published in Paris (in 2 vols.), so long ago as 1839 4 [Pierquin de Gembloux 1839]. Said to …
- … 1838] Prichard; a 3 d . vol [Prichard 1836–47] Lawrence [W. Lawrence 1819] read Bory …
- … et anim: on sleep & movements of plants £ 1 ..s 4. [Dutrochet 1837] Voyage aux …
- … observations on increase & decrease of different diseases 4 to . 1801 [Heberden 1801] quoted …
- … worth reading [Dampier 1697] Sportsman’s repository 4 to . [W. H. Scott 1820]— contains …
- … Audubons Ornithol: Biography [Audubon 1831–9]— 4 Vols. well worth reading [DAR *119: 4v.] …
- … M me Necker on Education [A. A. Necker 1839–43]— preeminently worth studying in a metaphys. point …
- … [Reimarius 1760] The Highlands & Western Isl ds letter to Sir W Scott [MacCulloch 1824 …
- … 1834–40]: In Portfolio of “abstracts” 34 —letter from Skuckard of books on Silk Worm …
- … M rs Fry’s Life [Fry 1847] Horace Walpoles letter to C t . of Ossory [Walpole 1848] …
- … Fellow’s Lycia (1 st Travels) [Fellows 1839] Catherine 48 Life of Collins R.A. [Collins …
- … Asiatic Society ]—contains very little Macleay’s letter to D r Fleming [Macleay 1830] …
- … [Heer 1854].— Hooker has it.— Very important Hookers letter Jan. 1859 Yules Ava [Yule 1858] …
- … of the material from these portfolios is in DAR 205, the letter from William Edward Shuckard to …
- … to Khiva (James Abbott 1843). 48 Emily Catherine Darwin. 49 Almost …
- … list of the books read by CD (DAR 120), which was begun by Catherine Darwin and continued by CD. …
- … ( Notebooks , pp. 319–28). 55 The letter was addressed to Nicholas Aylward Vigors …
- … . 2 vols. London. [Other eds.] 119: 8a Gore, Catherine Grace Frances. 1838. The rose …
- … . 2 vols. London. [Other eds.] 119: 22b [Marsh, Catherine M.]. 1858. English hearts and …
- … Franklin . London. 119: 23b [Spence, Catherine Ellen]. 1856. Tender and true. A …
Darwin’s hothouse and lists of hothouse plants
Summary
Darwin became increasingly involved in botanical experiments in the years after the publication of Origin. The building of a small hothouse - a heated greenhouse - early in 1863 greatly increased the range of plants that he could keep for scientific…
Matches: 24 hits
- … Towards the end of 1862, Darwin resolved to build a small hothouse at Down House, for ‘experimental …
- … hothouse early in 1863 marked something of a milestone in Darwin’s botanical work, since it greatly …
- … book (Down House MS) and Correspondence vol. 5, letter to J. D. Hooker, 19 April [1855] ). …
- … Though his greenhouse was probably heated to some extent, Darwin found himself on several occasions …
- … make observations and even experiments on his behalf. Darwin’s decision to build a hothouse …
- … its sensitivity to touch (see Correspondence vol. 10, letter to J. D. Hooker, 12 [December …
- … his employer’s hothouses over the previous two years. In a letter of 24 December [1862] ( …
- … Encyclopedia of gardening (Loudon 1835), a copy of which Darwin signed in 1841 (see the copy in …
- … of heat’ (p. 1100). The latter was the sense in which Darwin used the word. The building of …
- … accounts (Down House MS)). When it was completed, Darwin told Turnbull that without Horwood’s aid he …
- … he had had, he would ‘probably have made a mess of it’ (letter to G. H. Turnbull, [16? February …
- … adding ‘I shall keep to curious & experimental plants’ (letter to J. D. Hooker, 13 January …
- … of Westerham, with whom he had dealt over many years. In his letter to Hooker, Darwin mentioned that …
- … of the plants you want before going to Nurserymen’ (letter from J. D. Hooker, [15 January 1863] ) …
- … I shall avoid[,] of course I must not have from Kew’ (letter to J. D. Hooker, 30 January [1863] ) …
- … him: ‘I long to stock it, just like a school-boy’ (letter to J. D. Hooker, 15 February [1863] ). …
- … which I wished for, but which I did not like to ask for’ (letter to J. D. Hooker, [21 February …
- … in a particular mixture of moss, peat, and charcoal (see the letter from Henrietta Emma Darwin to …
- … old friends again’ ( Correspondence vol. 1, letter to Catherine Darwin, May–June [1832] ). …
- … told the botanist William Chester Tait that he had ‘4 houses of different temperatures’ (letter to W …
- … experiments (see, for example, A. de Candolle 1882, p. 495). The greenhouses were, according to …
- … Canna Warscewisii— 4 2.6 …
- … counties 1862). 3. Asclepias curassavica. 4. Canna Warszewiczii. 5. …
- … Myroxylon cleriesii 4 Flacourtaceæ 5 — …
Scientific Networks
Summary
Friendship|Mentors|Class|Gender In its broadest sense, a scientific network is a set of connections between people, places, and things that channel the communication of knowledge, and that substantially determine both its intellectual form and content,…
Matches: 18 hits
- … and colonial authorities. In the nineteenth-century, letter writing was one of the most important …
- … when strong institutional structures were largely absent. Darwin had a small circle of scientific …
- … in times of uncertainty, controversy, or personal loss. Letter writing was not only a means of …
- … section contains two sets of letters. The first is between Darwin and his friend Kew botanist J. D. …
- … and he is curious about Hooker’s thoughts. Letter 729 — Darwin, C. R. to Hooker, J. D., …
- … to Hooker “it is like confessing a murder”. Letter 736 — Darwin, C. R. to Hooker, J. D. …
- … wide-ranging genera. Darwin and Gray Letter 1674 — Darwin, C. R. to Gray, …
- … and asks him to append the ranges of the species. Letter 1685 — Gray, Asa to Darwin, C. …
- … and relationships of alpine flora in the USA. Letter 2125 — Darwin, C. R. to Gray, Asa, …
- … to the modern classification of insects (1839–40)] and it has reawakened his passion for …
- … Letter 3139 — Tegetmeier, W. B. to Darwin, C. R., 4 May [1861] Tegetmeier sends some replies …
- … flowers germinate in the anthers. Letter 4463 — Scott, John to Darwin, C. R., 14 Apr …
- … why Hooker cannot recommend him. Letter 4468 — Darwin, C. R. to Hooker, J. D., 19 [Apr …
- … from D. J. Brown, an Edinburgh baker and geologist [see 4464 ]. Letter 4469 — …
- … but “scientific horticulture”. Letter 4471 — Darwin, C. R. to Hooker, J. D., 25 Apr …
- … and heteromorphic crosses in Primula . Letter 4611 — Darwin, C. R. to Gray, Asa, 13 …
- … his interaction with scientific women. Letter 4170 — Becker, Lydia to Darwin, C. R., 18 …
- … He reports on his father’s health, as well as sister Catherine’s and his own. He also notes that …
Darwin in letters, 1847-1850: Microscopes and barnacles
Summary
Darwin's study of barnacles, begun in 1844, took him eight years to complete. The correspondence reveals how his interest in a species found during the Beagle voyage developed into an investigation of the comparative anatomy of other cirripedes and…
Matches: 25 hits
- … Species theory In November 1845, Charles Darwin wrote to his friend and confidant Joseph …
- … hurrah for my species-work’ ( Correspondence vol. 3, letter to J. D. Hooker, [5 or 12 November …
- … and Fossil Cirripedia (1851, 1854). What led Darwin to engage in this work when he was …
- … group. Light is shed on the close relationship between Darwin’s systematic descriptive work and the …
- … often frustrating taxonomical maze. Throughout these years, Darwin was also struggling with a …
- … explained in detail in letters to friends and relatives, Darwin felt sufficiently restored in health …
- … Nevertheless, it is evident from his correspondence that Darwin’s two hours at the microscope did …
- … Phillips, and Daniel Sharpe, demonstrating the extent of Darwin’s continued involvement in …
- … and naturalists, most notably James Dwight Dana, Henry Darwin Rogers, and Bernhard Studer, and the …
- … In the midst of all this activity, Hooker responds to Darwin’s particular queries and sends …
- … British government in scientific research during the period. Darwin also contributed to these …
- … scientific work of naval officers and travellers in general. Darwin was asked by the editor, Sir …
- … by Darwin on the use of microscopes on board ship ( see letter to Richard Owen, [26 March 1848] ). …
- … to Milne directly, he sent a long rejoinder in the form of a letter for publication in the Scotsman. …
- … asked for it to be destroyed. Only the draft of Darwin’s letter remains ( letter to the Scotsman …
- … that his original fieldwork was ‘time thrown away’ ( letter to Charles Lyell, 8 [September 1847] ) …
- … that it would be a ‘thorn in the side of É de B.’ (letter to Charles Lyell, 3 January 1850 ). …
- … marine invertebrates himself (see Correspondence vol. 2, letter to Leonard Jenyns, 10 April [1837]) …
- … opinion that such a monograph was a ‘desideratum’ ( letter to J. L. R. Agassiz, 22 October 1848 ), …
- … abortive stamens or pistils ( Correspondence vol. 2, letter from J. S. Henslow, 21 November …
- … care what you say, my species theory is all gospel.—’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 10 May 1848 ). …
- … into a sessile, adult organism ( Correspondence vol. 4, Appendix II). One particular aspect of …
- … affinities of the cirripedes ( Correspondence vol. 4, Appendix II). In some cases he felt he …
- … it as ‘the greatest curse to natural History’ ( letter to H. E. Strickland, 29 January [1849] ). …
- … and his daughter Susan. His unmarried daughters, Susan and Catherine, were guaranteed the right to …
Race, Civilization, and Progress
Summary
Darwin's first reflections on human progress were prompted by his experiences in the slave-owning colony of Brazil, and by his encounters with the Yahgan peoples of Tierra del Fuego. Harsh conditions, privation, poor climate, bondage and servitude,…
Matches: 23 hits
- … Letters | Selected Readings Darwin's first reflections on human progress were …
- … human progress or cause degeneration. In the "Fuegians", Darwin thought he had witnessed …
- … several years earlier as part of a missionary enterprise. Darwin was struck by the progress that had …
- … been returned to their native land. After the voyage, Darwin began to question the …
- … After the publication of Origin of Species , many of Darwin's supporters continued to …
- … or extermination of other peoples and cultures. When Darwin wrote about the human races and …
- … on human and animal behavior accumulated over three decades. Darwin argued forcefully for the unity …
- … and beyond. Letters Darwin’s first observations of the peoples …
- … of botany at Cambridge, John Stevens Henslow. Letter 204 : Darwin to Henslow, J. S., …
- … wildness." Charles wrote to his sister, Emily Catherine Darwin, about witnessing …
- … 1833 which took effect in the following year. Letter 206 : Darwin to Darwin, E. C., 22 …
- … of the polygenist theory of human descent. Letter 4933 : Farrar, F. W. to Darwin, …
- … this a very strong argument for the Polygenist?" Darwin asked the English settler …
- … about the state of civilization of the natives. Letter 5617 , Darwin to Weale, J. P. M …
- … wonderful fact in the progress of civilization" Letter 5722 , Weale, J. P. M. to …
- … of Species , Darwin discussed his views on progress in a letter to Charles Lyell, insisting that …
- … of life" ( Origin , 6 th ed, p. 98). Letter 2503 : Darwin, C. R. to Lyell, C …
- … not profit it, there would be no advance.— " Letter 6728 : from Charles Lyell, 5 …
- … but may guide the forces & laws of Nature." Letter 6866 : From Federico Delpino …
- … in this inner principle, inborn in all things." Letter 8658 : to Alpheus Hyatt, 4 …
- … Wallace, and the philosopher William Graham. Letter 2503 : Darwin, C. R. to Lyell, C., …
- … the less intellectual races being exterminated." Letter 3439 : Darwin to Kingsley, …
- … race, viewed as a unit, will have risen in rank." Letter 4510 : Darwin to Wallace, …
Darwin’s observations on his children
Summary
Charles Darwin’s observations on the development of his children, began the research that culminated in his book The Expression of the emotions in man and animals, published in 1872, and his article ‘A biographical sketch of an infant’, published in Mind…
Matches: 23 hits
- … Charles Darwin’s observations on the development of his children,[1] began the …
- … is available below . As with much of his other work, Darwin gathered additional information on the …
- … lunatics, the blind, and animals. And as early as 1839 Darwin had begun to collect information on …
- … the expression of emotions. As the following transcript of Darwin’s notes reveals, he closely …
- … William Erasmus, the stages of his development suggesting to Darwin those expressions which are …
- … The tone of the manuscript reflects an aspect of Darwin’s character clearly perceived by Emma during …
- … “What does that prove”.’[6] For in these notes, Darwin’s deep scientific curiosity transcends his …
- … that on occasion he refers to William as ‘it’. Darwin possessed the ability to dissociate …
- … memories.[8] Yet, though the dissociation was essential for Darwin’s scientific goal, the notes here …
- … marked line—opens mouth.,—closes eyes— 4 Six weeks & four days. smiled repeatedly, …
- … easily find his way to his mouth with his hand, when 4v . he wanted to suck. Annie at 2 …
- … . 5 weeks & 3 days. 7 lb – 10 4 wks 7 – 9½ …
- … March 1 st 1842— Anny says Papa pretty clearly—[40] A few days ago Emma gave her doll, but she …
- … th — Got on his legs on a open floor— April 15[41] Jealous of—a doll— for last fortnight …
- … appropriate expressions for their feelings— 31 [42] In Jan ry . 1842 it was first …
- … able to talk with fluency & it came on quite suddenly.—[43] On the 13 th . of March …
- … our door N o 12 and N o 11 is in the slit for the Letter box.— he decidedly ran past N o 11 …
- … March 18 th . On my return from Shrewsbury after 10[44] days absence, Doddy appeared slightly shy, …
- … has learned them from my sometimes changing the first letter in any word he is using—thus I say …
- … , pp. 131–2. [6] Correspondence vol. 2, letter from Emma Wedgwood, [23 January 1839] . …
- … at the end of the section. [20] CD’s sister, Emily Catherine Darwin, who stayed with CD and …
- … there is something wrong with CD’s reckoning since Catherine arrived at Gower Street the day after …
- … Emma Darwin. It was probably dictated by CD and written by Catherine Darwin during her stay at Upper …
Books on the Beagle
Summary
The Beagle was a sort of floating library. Find out what Darwin and his shipmates read here.
Matches: 19 hits
- … Captain FitzRoy in the Narrative (2: 18). CD, in his letter to Henslow, 9 [September 1831] , …
- … . . . There will be plenty of room for Books.’ (Letter from Robert FitzRoy, 23 September 1831 …
- … the ‘immense stock’ which CD mentions may be had from a letter FitzRoy wrote to his sister during an …
- … from the unpublished zoological and geological notes in the Darwin Archive (DAR 29–38), a brief …
- … is of four kinds: There are volumes now in the Darwin Library in Cambridge that contain …
- … notes made by CD during the voyage. They are in the Darwin Archive in the Cambridge University …
- … and symbols are used: DAR — Darwin Archive CUL — Cambridge University …
- … on board the Beagle § — mentioned in a letter or other source as being on board …
- … , conveys the following information: CD’s copy, now in Darwin Libary–CUL, was used on board. The …
- … 1 of volume 32 of CD’s geological diary (DAR 32.1) in the Darwin Archive. The copy in the Darwin …
- … . 2 vols. Strasbourg, 1819. (Inscription in vol. 1: ‘C. Darwin HMS Beagle’; DAR 32.1: 61). Darwin …
- … Naturelle 3 (1834): 84–115. (DAR 37.1: 677v.; letter to J. S. Henslow, 12 July 1835). * …
- … d’histoire naturelle . 17 vols. Paris, 1822–31. (Letter from J. S. Henslow, 15–21 January [1833]). …
- … a report of the proceedings . . . Cambridge, 1833. (Letter to Charles Whitley, 23 July 1834). …
- … of the 2d meeting . . . Oxford, 1832 . London, 1833. (Letter to J. S. Henslow, March 1834 and …
- … 1824–25 . London, 1826. (DAR 31.2: 333; Stoddart 1962, p.4). Byron, John. The narrative of …
- … also Hawkesworth, John). (DAR 32.2: 89v.; Robert FitzRoy’s letter to the South African Christian …
- … 20). ‡ Cuvier, Georges. Le règne animal. 4 vols. Paris, 1817. (DAR 30.1: 29v.). Darwin …
- … der Natur , 2d ed., 1826. 2 vols. Paris, 1828. (Letter to Catherine Darwin, 5 July [1832]). …
