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Darwin in letters, 1876: In the midst of life

Summary

1876 was the year in which the Darwins became grandparents for the first time.  And tragically lost their daughter-in-law, Amy, who died just days after her son's birth.  All the letters from 1876 are now published in volume 24 of The Correspondence…

Matches: 22 hits

  • … I cannot bear to think of the future The year 1876 started out sedately enough with …
  • … ‘my wife … poor creature, has won only 2490 games’ ( letter to Asa Gray, 28 January 1876 ). …
  • … life. But the calm was not to last, and the second half of 1876 was marked by anxiety and deep grief …
  • … quantity of work’ left in him for ‘new matter’ (letter to Asa Gray, 28 January 1876). The …
  • … to a reprint of the second edition of Climbing plants ( letter from R. F. Cooke, 23 February …
  • … & I for blundering’, he cheerfully observed to Carus. ( Letter to J. V. Carus, 24 April 1876. …
  • … provided evidence for the ‘advantages of crossing’ (letter to Asa Gray, 28 January 1876). Revising …
  • … year to write about his life ( Correspondence vol. 23, letter from Ernst von Hesse-Wartegg, 20 …
  • … with his new research in mind: ‘During this autumn of 1876 I shall publish on the “Effects of Cross …
  • … pamphlet, Darwin confounded (C. O’Shaughnessy 1876), which, he informed Darwin, ‘completely …
  • … nowadays is evolution and it is the correct one’ ( letter from Nemo, [1876?] ). …
  • … disguised his views as to the bestiality of man’ (Mivart 1876, p. 144). Not only was the comment …
  • … him ‘basely’ and who had succeeded in giving him pain ( letter to A. R. Wallace, 17 June 1876 ). …
  • … disgrace’ of blackballing so distinguished a zoologist ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 29 January 1876 ) …
  • … must have been cast by the ‘poorest curs in London’ ( letter to W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, [4 February …
  • … that it contains is truly amazing.’ On 15 May, Mary Treat admitted to being so fascinated by the …
  • … her questions were ‘too silly to deserve an answer’ ( letter from S. B. Herrick, 12 February 1876
  • … on Dionaea ‘to test the insect eating theory’ ( letter from Peter Henderson, 15 November 1876
  • … also distinguished him from his valued correspondent Mary Treat, who published her work on the …
  • … in the face of death, and it was Francis’s mother-in-law, Mary Anne Ruck, who provided emotional …
  • … to H. E. Litchfield, [31 August 1876] (DAR 219.9: 138)). But Mary Anne Ruck’s ability to console …
  • … too, expressed his gratitude, stating that he had never seen Mary Anne Ruck’s equal ‘for goodness …

Women’s scientific participation

Summary

Observers | Fieldwork | Experimentation | Editors and critics | Assistants Darwin’s correspondence helps bring to light a community of women who participated, often actively and routinely, in the nineteenth-century scientific community. Here is a…

Matches: 17 hits

  • … Observers Women: Letter 1194 - Darwin to Whitby, M. A. T., [12 August …
  • … silkworm breeds, or peculiarities in inheritance. Letter 3787 - Darwin, H. E. to …
  • … observations of cats’ instinctive behaviour. Letter 4258 - Becker, L. E. to Darwin, …
  • … to artificially fertilise plants in her garden. Letter 4523 - Wedgwood, L. C. to …
  • … be made on seeds of Pulmonaria officinalis . Letter 5745 - Barber, M. E. to …
  • … Expression during a trip to Egypt. Letter 7223 - Darwin to Wedgwood, L. C., …
  • … expression of emotion in her pet dog and birds. Letter 5817 - Darwin to Huxley, T. …
  • … is making similar observations for him. Letter 6535 - Vaughan Williams , M. S. …
  • … in dogs with Emma Darwin. Letter 8676 - Treat, M. to Darwin, [13 December 1872] …
  • … observations of her pet cats. Letter 8989 - Treat, M. to Darwin, [28 July 1873] …
  • … “in exposed places”. Letter 10439 - Treat, M. to Darwin, [3 April 1876] …
  • … 12389 - Johnson, M. to Darwin, [January 1880] Mary Johnson tells Darwin about her work on …
  • … plants in her garden. Letter 8113 - Treat, M. to Darwin, [20 December 1871] …
  • … 9485 - Treat, M. to Darwin, [8 June 1874] Mary Treat details her experiments on …
  • … 10390 - Herrick, S. M. B . to Darwin, [12 February 1876] Sophia Herrick asks …
  • Letter 10517  - Darwin to Francis, F., [29 May 1876] Darwin gives his son, Francis, …
  • Letter 10517  - Darwin t o Francis, F., [29 May 1876] Darwin gives his son, Francis …

Darwin as mentor

Summary

Darwin provided advice, encouragement and praise to his fellow scientific 'labourers' of both sexes. Selected letters Letter 2234 - Darwin to Unidentified, [5 March 1858] Darwin advises that Professor C. P. Smyth’s observations are not…

Matches: 11 hits

  • of both sexes. Selected letters Letter 2234 - Darwin to Unidentified, [5
  • sweeping conclusions on insufficient grounds. Letter 3934 - Darwin to Scott, J., [21
  • how to make the material worthy of publication. Letter 4185 - Darwin to Scott, J., [25
  • indefatigable worker you are!”. Letter 7605 - Darwin to Darwin, H. E., [20 March
  • memorialin memory of the book. Letter 8140 - Darwin to Darwin, W. E., [3
  • how he made so many observations without aid. Letter 8146 - Darwin to Treat, M., [5
  • that Lucy is worth her weight in gold. Letter 9005b - Darwin to Treat, M., [12
  • flies until he had repeated the experiment. Letter 9580 - Darwin to Darwin, G. H. D., …
  • should not yet be submitted to the publisher. Letter 9613 - Darwin to Hooker, J. D., …
  • in the pursuit of heradmirable work”. Letter 11096 - Darwin to Romanes, G. J., [9
  • her manuscript to Nature for publication. Letter 13414 - Darwin to Harrison, L., …

Women as a scientific audience

Summary

Target audience? | Female readership | Reading Variation Darwin's letters, in particular those exchanged with his editors and publisher, reveal a lot about his intended audience. Regardless of whether or not women were deliberately targeted as a…

Matches: 24 hits

  • … Were women a target audience? Letter 2447 - Darwin to Murray, J., [5 April 1859] …
  • … Tollet for proofreading and criticisms of style. Letter 2461 - Darwin to Hooker, J. …
  • … her to read to check that she can understand it. Letter 7312 - Darwin to Darwin, F. …
  • … from all but educated, typically-male readers. Letter 7124 - Darwin to Darwin, H. E …
  • … he seeks her help with tone and style. Letter 7329 - Murray , J. to Darwin, [28 …
  • … in order to minimise impeding general perusal. Letter 7331 - Darwin to Murray, …
  • … he uses to avoid ownership of indelicate content. Letter 8335 - Reade, W. W. to …
  • … so as not to lose the interest of women. Letter 8341 - Reade, W. W. to Darwin, …
  • … which will make it more appealing to women. Letter 8611 - Cupples, A. J. to …
  • … Darwin’s female readership Letter 5391 - Becker, L. E. to Darwin, [6 February …
  • … of the Manchester Ladies Literary Society . Letter 6551 - Becker, L. E . to …
  • … the chapter on pangenesis, which is a revelation. Letter 6976 - Darwin to Blackwell, A. …
  • … Darwin assumes that 'A. B. Blackwell' is a man. Letter 7177 - Cupples, G. to …
  • … him to the psychology of Herbert Spencer. Letter 7624 - Bathoe, M . B. to Darwin …
  • … his statements on a lack of reasoning in animals. Letter 7644 - Barnard, A. to …
  • … during a visit to an asylum with her father. Letter 7651 - Wedgwood, F. J. to …
  • … on any comments that she feels might be suitable. Letter 7411 - Pfeiffer, E. J. to …
  • … and beauty in the process of sexual selection. Letter 8055 - Hennell, S. S. to Darwin, …
  • … of a woman’s natural thinking”. Letter 8778 - Forster, L. M . to Darwin, H. …
  • … and the showing of teeth in Expression . Letter 10072 - Pape, C. to …
  • … and hopes Darwin will complete her questionnaire. Letter 10390 - Herrick, S. M. B. …
  • … of questions which she hopes aren’t too silly. Letter 10415 - Darwin to Herrick, S. …
  • … and is pleased that his work has interested her. Letter 10508 - Treat, M. to Darwin …
  • … - Tanner, M. H. to Darwin, [12 December 1881] Mary Tanner tells Darwin that she has …

Darwin in public and private

Summary

Extracts from Darwin's published works, in particular Descent of man, and selected letters, explore Darwin's views on the operation of sexual selection in humans, and both his publicly and privately expressed views on its practical implications…

Matches: 10 hits

  • … pp. 371 – 372. Selected letters Letter 1113 - Darwin to Whitby, M. A …
  • … to determine the heritability of dark eyebrows. Letter 489 – Darwin to …
  • … her presence will have on his life and character. Letter 5670f - Darwin to Kingsley …
  • … from a single hermaphroditic progenitor.    Letter 7123 - Darwin to Darwin, H. E., …
  • … on the mental powers of man and lower animals. Letter 7329 – Murray, J. to Darwin, [28 …
  • … in order to minimise impeding general perusal. Letter 8146 – Darwin to Treat, M., …
  • … her on the publication of her work on Drosera. Letter 10546 – Darwin to Editor of …
  • … of experimentation to the progress of physiology. Letter 10746 – Darwin to Dicey, E …
  • … inability to cope well with the sight of blood. Letter 11267f – Darwin, S. to …
  • … take lessons in housekeeping from Mrs Cutting.  Letter 13607 – Darwin to Kennard, C …

Darwin in letters, 1879: Tracing roots

Summary

Darwin spent a considerable part of 1879 in the eighteenth century. His journey back in time started when he decided to publish a biographical account of his grandfather Erasmus Darwin to accompany a translation of an essay on Erasmus’s evolutionary ideas…

Matches: 29 hits

  • … his publishers, he warned that it was ‘dry as dust’ ( letter to R. F. Cooke, 9 September 1879 ). …
  • … turned out, alas, very dull & has disappointed me much’ ( letter to Francis Galton, 15 [June …
  • … home again’, he fretted, just days before his departure ( letter to W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, [after 26 …
  • … many blessings, was finding old age ‘a dismal time’ ( letter to Henry Johnson, 24 September 1879 ) …
  • … wrinkles one all over like a baked pear’ ( enclosure in letter from R. W. Dixon, 20 December 1879 …
  • … itself, or gone some other way round?’ At least the last letter of 1879 contained a warmer note and …
  • … office to complete Horace’s marriage settlement ( letter from W. M. Hacon, 31 December 1879 ). …
  • … but they were ‘as nice and good as could be’ ( letter from Karl Beger, [ c. 12 February 1879] ) …
  • … on your life’s work, which is crowned with glory’ ( letter from Ernst Haeckel, 9 February 1879 ). …
  • … to wish Darwin a ‘long and serene evening of life’. This letter crossed with one from Darwin, …
  • … the statement ‘In the beginning was carbon’ ( letter from Hermann Müller, 14 February 1879 ). …
  • … as the ‘organ of “uncultivated materialism”’ ( letter from Francis Darwin, [after 2 June 1879 ]). …
  • … up the glory & would please Francis’, he pointed out ( letter from E. A. Darwin, 13 March [1879 …
  • … wholly & shamefully ignorant of my grandfathers life’ ( letter to Ernst Krause, 14 March 1879 …
  • … that had been published by Francis Galton’s aunt, Mary Anne Schimmelpenninck. Erasmus had died in …
  • … known philosopher and poet’ ( Correspondence vol. 1, letter from Francis Beaufort to Robert …
  • … these things with the when & the where, & the who—’ ( letter from V. H. Darwin, 28 May …
  • … paternal grandparents thought ‘perfect in every way’ ( letter from E. A. Wheler, 25 March 1879 ). …
  • … heard of him ‘constantly, & always with pride’ ( letter from Reginald Darwin, 29 March 1879 ). …
  • … essay might end up ‘interfering with each other’ ( letter to Ernst Krause, 27 March 1879 ). Darwin …
  • … made such an introduction ‘almost indispensable’ ( letter from Ernst Krause, 7 June 1879 ). Darwin …
  • … everything into ridicule. He hates scientific men’ ( letter to Ernst Krause, 14 May 1879 ). …
  • … must be ‘in some degree interesting to the public’ ( letter to Reginald Darwin, 10 April [1879] ). …
  • … ‘very tastefully and well, and with little fatigue’ ( letter to G. H. Darwin, 12 July 1879 , and …
  • … ‘more perplexed than ever about life of D r . D’ ( letter to Francis Darwin, 12 July [1879] ). …
  • … telling, and he regretted going beyond his ‘tether’ ( letter to W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, 5 June 1879 …
  • … as a memorial of his visit. ‘With respect to the tree, you treat me as a Royal Duke’, Darwin …
  • … between your theory and the ecclasiastical dogma’, Mary Jung, a young Austrian woman, wrote on 7 …
  • … self- and cross-fertilisation, had first contacted Darwin in 1876. By 1878, Darwin was sufficiently …

Darwin's in letters, 1873: Animal or vegetable?

Summary

Having laboured for nearly five years on human evolution, sexual selection, and the expression of emotions, Darwin was able to devote 1873 almost exclusively to his beloved plants. He resumed work on the digestive powers of sundews and Venus fly traps, and…

Matches: 28 hits

  • … plants  (1875) and  Cross and self fertilisation  (1876). Darwin’s son Francis became …
  • … I omitted to observe, which I ought to have observed” ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 12 January [1873] …
  • … work your wicked will on it—root leaf & branch!” ( letter from J. D. Hooker, 12 January 1873 ) …
  • … a wide range of experts, including the American botanist Mary Treat, who performed experiments …
  • … parts of the flower would become modified & correlated” ( letter to T. H. Farrer, 14 August …
  • … it again, “for Heaven knows when it will be ready” ( letter to John Murray, 4 May [1873] ). …
  • … we take notes and take tracings of their burrows” ( letter from Francis Darwin, 14 August [1873] ) …
  • … in importance; and if so more places will be created” ( letter to E. A. Darwin, 20 September 1873 …
  • … our unfortunate family being fit for continuous work” ( letter from E. A. Darwin, 25 September …
  • … on any point; for I knew my own ignorance before hand” ( letter to George Cupples, 28 April [1873] …
  • … “he would fly at the Empr’s throat like a bulldog” ( letter from L. M. Forster to H. E. Litchfield, …
  • … force & truth of the great principle of inheritance!” ( letter to F. S. B. F. de Chaumont, 3 …
  • … the heavy breathing that accompanied sexual intercourse? (letter from ?, [1873?]). The Scottish …
  • … with up lines; & sadness & decay with the reverse—” ( letter from William Main, 2 April …
  • … with the advance of civilisation and good breeding ( letter from Henry Reeks, 3 March 1873 ). …
  • … have never felt an inclination to have a second dose” ( letter from Robert Swinhoe, 26 March 1873 …
  • … of an orbital one produces snapping of the jaws” ( letter from James Crichton-Browne, 16 April 1873 …
  • … that illustrated the physiognomy of the disease ( letter to James Crichton-Browne, 30 December 1873 …
  • … by an individual could be transmitted to its offspring ( letter from J. T. Moggridge, 1 February …
  • … a related discussion in  Nature  magazine, forwarding a letter from William Huggins on a case of …
  • … Kepler who was fearful of butchers and butcher’s shops ( letter to  Nature , [before 13 February …
  • … smell. Darwin joined the debate, writing to  Nature  ( letter to  Nature , [before 13 March …
  • … The debate later shifted to ants when Darwin forwarded a letter from the mining engineer James …
  • … disperse wildly after he had smashed some with his finger ( letter to  Nature , [before 3 April …
  • … danger by seeing the corpses of a fellow species” ( letter to  Nature , [before 24 July 1873] ). …
  • … cousin’s aims but regarded the project as “utopian” ( letter to Francis Galton, 4 January [1873] ) …
  • … in correspondence, and investing money very well” ( letter to Francis Galton, 28 May 1873 ). Among …
  • … his father’s virtues: “sober, honest & industrious” ( letter to Francis Galton, 28 May 1873 ). …