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Darwin in letters, 1868: Studying sex
Summary
The quantity of Darwin’s correspondence increased dramatically in 1868 due largely to his ever-widening research on human evolution and sexual selection.Darwin’s theory of sexual selection as applied to human descent led him to investigate aspects of the…
Matches: 23 hits
- … On 6 March 1868, Darwin wrote to the entomologist and accountant John Jenner Weir, ‘If …
- … he ought to do what I am doing pester them with letters.’ Darwin was certainly true to his word. The …
- … and sexual selection. In Origin , pp. 87–90, Darwin had briefly introduced the concept of …
- … process. In a letter to Alfred Russel Wallace in 1864, Darwin claimed that sexual selection was ‘the …
- … 12, letter to A. R. Wallace, 28 [May 1864] ). Darwin’s theory of sexual selection as …
- … to the stridulation of crickets. At the same time, Darwin continued to collect material on …
- … and his immediate circle of friends and relations. In July 1868 Darwin was still anticipating that …
- … which was devoted to sexual selection in the animal kingdom. Darwin described his thirst for …
- … and not too much’ ( letter to Albert Günther, 15 May [1868] ). My book is horribly …
- … as early as 1865, the two-volume work appeared in January 1868. A final delay caused by the indexing …
- … 1867 and had expected to complete it in a fortnight. But at Darwin’s request, he modified his …
- … the text. This increased the amount of work substantially. Darwin asked Murray to intervene, …
- … … though it would be a great loss to the Book’. But Darwin’s angry letter to Murray crossed one from …
- … look rather blank’ ( letter from W. S. Dallas, 8 January 1868 ). Darwin sympathised, replying on …
- … fairly nauseated’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 3 February [1868] ). But such worries were laid to …
- … was clearly impressed by Lewes’s reviews. On 7 August 1868 , he wrote him a lengthy letter from …
- … not behind my back’ ( letter to John Murray, 25 February [1868] ). Wallace commiserated: ‘I am …
- … to the paper’ ( letter from A. R. Wallace, 24 February [1868] ). The review was in fact by John …
- … a veritable ass’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 1 September [1868] ). I am bothered with …
- … Yorkshire, wrote of the colour of duck claws on 17 April 1868 . The letter was addressed to ‘the …
- … Commons than any assembly in the world’ (from ?, 6 April 1868). On 21 May , Darwin complained to …
- … breeder, who apologised in a letter of 11–13 May 1868 for his ‘voluminuous zeal’, and offered …
- … at Leonards success’, Darwin wrote to his youngest son, Horace, on 26 July , ‘is it not splendid? …
Dramatisation script
Summary
Re: Design – Adaptation of the Correspondence of Charles Darwin, Asa Gray and others… by Craig Baxter – as performed 25 March 2007
Matches: 23 hits
- … Re: Design – Adaptation of the Correspondence of Charles Darwin, Asa Gray and others… by Craig …
- … as the creator of this dramatisation, and that of the Darwin Correspondence Project to be identified …
- … correspondence or published writings of Asa Gray, Charles Darwin, Joseph Dalton Hooker, Jane Loring …
- … Actor 1 – Asa Gray Actor 2 – Charles Darwin Actor 3 – In the dress of a modern day …
- … Agassiz, Adam Sedgwick, A Friend of John Stuart Mill, Emma Darwin, Horace Darwin… and acts as a sort …
- … the play unfolds and acting as a go-between between Gray and Darwin, and between the audience and …
- … this, he sends out copies of his Review of the Life of Darwin. At this time in his life, Asa …
- … friends in England, copies of his ‘Review of the Life of Darwin’… pencilling the address so that it …
- … Joseph D Hooker GRAY: 3 Charles Darwin… made his home on the border of the little …
- … are kept in check by a constitutional weakness. DARWIN: A plain but comfortable brick …
- … by every blessing except that of vigorous health… DARWIN: 4 My confounded stomach …
- … My dear Gray. I must tell you that the other day [my boy Horace] overheard me talking about …
- … DARWIN: I answered ‘Oh yes.’ HORACE: Well then, what did they say about the kinds of …
- … answered that these were all due to man’s agency. HORACE: But do not wild plants vary? …
- … who ‘formerly’ believed in such conclusions. I believe Horace is a prophetic type, as Agassiz would …
- … fade. GRAY PAYS DARWIN A VISIT AT DOWN: 1868 In which Gray announces his …
- … apart theologically. GRAY: 175 Summer. 1868. The gist of my present note is to …
- … 189 [Jane Gray. Letter to her sister. Fall, 1868.] Mr Darwin [is].. fascinating… [he has] the …
- … THE OLDER ONE GETS THE MORE THERE IS TO DO: 1868-1876 In which the friends consider the …
- … 24 JULY 1865 175 A GRAY TO RW CHURCH, 22 JUNE 1868 176 TO A GRAY 15 AUGUST …
- … TO A GRAY 15 APRIL 1867 180 TO A GRAY 8 MAY 1868 181 FROM A GRAY 25 MAY …
- … TIME 189 JANE LORING GRAY, LETTER TO HER SISTER, 1868 or 1869 190 C DARWIN …
- … A GRAY 9 AUGUST 1876 194 FROM A GRAY 25 MAY 1868 195 A GRAY TO JD HOOKER …
Women’s scientific participation
Summary
Observers | Fieldwork | Experimentation | Editors and critics | Assistants Darwin’s correspondence helps bring to light a community of women who participated, often actively and routinely, in the nineteenth-century scientific community. Here is a…
Matches: 16 hits
- … | Editors and critics | Assistants Darwin’s correspondence helps bring to light a …
- … community. Here is a selection of letters exchanged between Darwin and his workforce of women …
- … Women: Letter 1194 - Darwin to Whitby, M. A. T., [12 August 1849] Darwin …
- … peculiarities in inheritance. Letter 3787 - Darwin, H. E. to Darwin, [29 October …
- … garden. Letter 4523 - Wedgwood, L. C. to Darwin, [6 June 1864] Darwin’s …
- … . Letter 5745 - Barber, M. E. to Darwin, [after February 1867] Mary Barber …
- … 6453 - Langton, E. to Wedgwood, S. E., [9 November 1868] Darwin’s nephew, Edmund, …
- … - Langton, E. & C. to Wedgwood S. E., [after 9 November 1868] Darwin’s nephews, Edmund …
- … Letter 6139 - Doubleday, H. to Darwin, [22 April 1868] Doubleday responds to Darwin’s …
- … on furrows and earthworm activity to her brother-in-law, Horace. She has dug a number of trenches, …
- … Letter 6046 - Weir, J. J. to Darwin, [24 March 1868] John Weir describes experiments …
- … Letter 6083 - Casparay, J. X. R. to Darwin, [2 April 1868] Casparay details his …
- … Letter 6139 - Doubleday, H. to Darwin, [22 April 1868] Naturalist Henry Doubleday …
- … Letter 6046 - Weir, J. J. to Darwin, [24 March 1868] John Weir describes experiments …
- … Letter 6066 - Weir, H. W. to Darwin, [28 March 1868] Harrison Weir passes on …
- … Letter 6081 - Darwin to Bowman, W., [2 April 1868] Darwin requests surgeon and …
Darwin in letters, 1879: Tracing roots
Summary
Darwin spent a considerable part of 1879 in the eighteenth century. His journey back in time started when he decided to publish a biographical account of his grandfather Erasmus Darwin to accompany a translation of an essay on Erasmus’s evolutionary ideas…
Matches: 20 hits
- … There are summaries of all Darwin's letters from the year 1879 on this website. The full texts …
- … 27 of the print edition of The correspondence of Charles Darwin , published by Cambridge …
- … to publish a biographical account of his grandfather Erasmus Darwin to accompany a translation of an …
- … the sensitivity of the tips. Despite this breakthrough, when Darwin first mentioned the book to his …
- … 1879 ). He was also unsatisfied with his account of Erasmus Darwin, declaring, ‘My little biography …
- … a holiday in the Lake District in August did little to raise Darwin’s spirits. ‘I wish that my …
- … W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, [after 26] July [1879] ). From July, Darwin had an additional worry: the …
- … that his grandfather had felt the same way. In 1792, Erasmus Darwin had written: ‘The worst thing I …
- … contained a warmer note and the promise of future happiness: Darwin learned he was to be visited by …
- … the veteran of Modern Zoology’, but it was in Germany that Darwin was most fêted. A German …
- … ). The masters of Greiz College in Thuringia venerated Darwin as ‘the deep thinker’, while …
- … objection to the engagement between his daughter Ida and Horace Darwin. This was all the more …
- … at the Farrers’ home, Abinger Hall, on several occasions. Horace had first approached Farrer to …
- … Farrer’s objection was based on his impression of Horace’s poor health and lack of profession, and …
- … reported, because Darwin told Farrer ‘a great deal about Horace that he did not know, especially …
- … Farrer did not relent. While the Darwins were in Coniston, Horace was instructed to wait for three …
- … the engagement between his daughter Ida and Darwin’s son Horace be kept secret and that there should …
- … and so, despite continuing to harbour misgivings about Horace’s health and career, finally agreed to …
- … to heal rifts. He understood Farrer’s concerns about Horace’s health and acknowledged that the match …
- … decisions concerning the amount of money to be settled on Horace and Ida came to an amicable end, …
Diagrams and drawings in letters
Summary
Over 850 illustrations from the printed volumes of The Correspondence of Charles Darwin have been added to the online transcripts of the letters. The contents include maps, diagrams, drawings, sketches and photographs, covering geological, botanical,…
Matches: 5 hits
- … theory, [25 February 1846] E. A. Darwin's calculations on the structure of bees’ …
- … , and their geometry, [19 June 1858] . W. E. Darwin's observations on Pulmonaria , …
- … of the fish and hence of all higher vertebrates, 23 March 1868 Roland Trimen on the …
- … of investigations carried out at Silchester with Frank and Horace [Darwin] on earthworm activity at …
- … containing bud samples, 12 May 1878 G. H. Darwin's drawings of Thalia dealbata …
Darwin in letters, 1869: Forward on all fronts
Summary
At the start of 1869, Darwin was hard at work making changes and additions for a fifth edition of Origin. He may have resented the interruption to his work on sexual selection and human evolution, but he spent forty-six days on the task. Much of the…
Matches: 27 hits
- … At the start of 1869, Darwin was hard at work making changes and additions for a fifth edition of …
- … appeared at the end of 1866 and had told his cousin William Darwin Fox, ‘My work will have to stop a …
- … vol. 16, letter to W. D. Fox, 12 December [1868] ). He may have resented the interruption to his …
- … material on emotional expression. Yet the scope of Darwin’s interests remained extremely broad, and …
- … plants, and earthworms, subjects that had exercised Darwin for decades, and that would continue to …
- … Carl von Nägeli and perfectibility Darwin’s most substantial addition to Origin was a …
- … a Swiss botanist and professor at Munich (Nägeli 1865). Darwin had considered Nägeli’s paper …
- … principal engine of change in the development of species. Darwin correctly assessed Nägeli’s theory …
- … in most morphological features (Nägeli 1865, p. 29). Darwin sent a manuscript of his response (now …
- … are & must be morphological’. The comment highlights Darwin’s apparent confusion about Nägeli’s …
- … ‘purely morphological’. The modern reader may well share Darwin’s uncertainty, but Nägeli evidently …
- … pp. 28–9). In further letters, Hooker tried to provide Darwin with botanical examples he could use …
- … problems of heredity Another important criticism that Darwin sought to address in the fifth …
- … prevailing theory of blending inheritance that Jenkin and Darwin both shared, would tend to be lost …
- … ( Origin 5th ed., pp. 103–4). The terminology that Darwin and others employed in these matters ( …
- … ‘I must have expressed myself atrociously’, Darwin wrote to Alfred Russel Wallace on 2 February , …
- … of Origin was the result of correspondence between Darwin and the geologist James Croll. In the …
- … but it was his theory of alternate ice ages that piqued Darwin’s interest the most. He wrote, ‘this …
- … ( letter to James Croll, 31 January [1869] ). Darwin had argued ( Origin , pp. 377–8) that plant …
- … would always exist. In Origin 5th ed., pp. 450–61, Darwin accounted for the survival of tropical …
- … James Croll, 31 January [1869] ). Croll could not supply Darwin with an estimate of the age of the …
- … ( letter from James Croll, 4 February 1869 ). Darwin did not directly challenge Thomson’s …
- … 19 March [1869] ). Towards Descent Once Darwin had completed revisions of the …
- … and overseas. The dog-breeder George Cupples worked hard on Darwin’s behalf, sending a steady stream …
- … on the German translation of Variation (Carus trans. 1868). The French translation proved …
- … the French edition of Variation (Moulinié trans. 1868), and CD now extended his permission for …
- … Scientific Opinion , launched towards the end of 1868, was one of several periodicals begun in …
Referencing women’s work
Summary
Darwin's correspondence shows that women made significant contributions to Darwin's work, but whether and how they were acknowledged in print involved complex considerations of social standing, professional standing, and personal preference.…
Matches: 15 hits
- … Darwin's correspondence shows that women made significant contributions to Darwin's work, …
- … set of selected letters is followed by letters relating to Darwin's 1881 publication …
- … throughout Variation . Letter 2395 - Darwin to Holland, Miss, [April 1860] …
- … anonymised and masculinised. Letter 3316 - Darwin to Nevill, D. F., [12 November …
- … Nevill is referenced by name for her “kindness” in Darwin’s Fertilisation of Orchids . …
- … critic. Letter 4370 - Wedgwood, L. C. to Darwin, [April - May 1865] Darwin …
- … as “friends in Surrey”. Letter 4794 - Darwin to Lyell, C., [25 March 1865] …
- … B”. Letter 7060 - Wedgwood, F. J. to Darwin, [1867 - 72] Darwin’s …
- … in the final publication. Letter 7223 - Darwin to Wedgwood, L. C., [9 June 1867 - …
- … in Expression . Letter 5817 - Darwin to Huxley, T. H., [30 January 1868 …
- … baby in Mary Barton. Letter 8321 - Darwin to Litchfield, H. E., [13 May …
- … at him. Letter 7345 - Wedgwood, L. C. to Darwin, [15 June 1872] Darwin’s …
- … Darwin, H., [1 November 1877] Darwin asks his sons, Horace and Francis, to observe …
- … - Darwin, H. to Darwin, [7 October 1880] Horace writes to his father with information …
- … St Tibbs Row. Darwin proudly referenced the work of "My son Horace" in Vegetable Mould …
Darwin in letters, 1871: An emptying nest
Summary
The year 1871 was an extremely busy and productive one for Darwin, with the publication in February of his long-awaited book on human evolution, Descent of man. The other main preoccupation of the year was the preparation of his manuscript on expression.…
Matches: 26 hits
- … The year 1871 was an extremely busy and productive one for Darwin, seeing the publication of his …
- … book out of my head’. But a large proportion of Darwin’s time for the rest of the year was devoted …
- … way, and the initial reception of the book in the press. Darwin fielded numerous letters from …
- … offered sharp criticism or even condemnation. Darwin had expected controversy. ‘I shall be …
- … a bare-faced manner.”‘ The most lively debate centred on Darwin’s evolutionary account of the …
- … taste. Correspondence with his readers and critics helped Darwin to clarify, and in some cases …
- … year was the preparation of his manuscript on expression. Darwin continued to investigate the …
- … also brought a significant milestone for the family, as Darwin’s eldest daughter Henrietta was …
- … during several past years, has been a great amusement’. Darwin had been working fairly continuously …
- … work on species theory in the late 1830s. In recent years, Darwin had collected a wealth of material …
- … to human evolution was comparatively small, reflecting Darwin’s aim of showing kinship with animals …
- … he is “torn to pieces” by people wanting copies’, Darwin wrote to his son Francis on 28 February …
- … letter from J. D. Hooker, 26 March 1871 ). The profits for Darwin were considerable. After …
- … man.’ Promoting the book As usual, Darwin did his best to obtain a wide and favourable …
- … (see Correspondence vol. 19, Appendix IV). Four of Darwin’s five sons received a copy, and his …
- … received a special acknowledgment in the form of a gift. Darwin credited her for whatever he had …
- … ‘to keep in memory of the book’ ( letter to H. E. Darwin, 20 March 1871 ). Reaction …
- … 1871). The geologist William Boyd Dawkins remarked on Darwin’s books’ reception amongst ‘artisans …
- … 23 February 1871 ). Thomas Henry Huxley marvelled that Darwin had been able to link the periodicity …
- … Variation , Descent inspired many to write to Darwin with small corrections or contributions. …
- … foetus ( letter from Hinrich Nitsche, 18 April 1871 ). Darwin thought he might use the photographs …
- … friends A number of correspondents took issue with Darwin’s evolutionary explanation of the …
- … butterflies and beetles to Descent , could not extend Darwin’s evolutionary theory beyond man’s …
- … disagreement regarding human ancestry was expressed by Darwin’s old friend, the former vicar of Down …
- … now left the family home. The Darwins' youngest son, Horace, entered Cambridge …
- … to pursue studies in mathematics and science ( letter to Horace Darwin, [15 December 1871] ). …
Movement in Plants
Summary
The power of movement in plants, published on 7 November 1880, was the final large botanical work that Darwin wrote. It was the only work in which the assistance of one of his children, Francis Darwin, is mentioned on the title page. The research for this…
Matches: 23 hits
- … 7 November 1880, was the final large botanical work that Darwin wrote. It was the only work in which …
- … about their research while he was away from home. Although Darwin lacked a state of the art research …
- … the advantages of both while Francis was working abroad. Darwin was privy to the inner workings of …
- … methods and use the most advanced laboratory equipment. Darwin also benefitted from the instrument …
- … plant physiology, but it was at its core informed by Darwin’s theory of evolution, particularly by …
- … early 1860s, at a time when his health was especially bad, Darwin had taken up the study of climbing …
- … and plants under domestication , eventually published in 1868, became too strenuous. His paper, ‘On …
- … reproduced as a small book, giving it a much wider audience. Darwin was not the first naturalist to …
- … which eventually appeared in 1875. In the same year, Darwin published a much longer work, …
- … about the nature of movement, so much so, that at one point Darwin had considered combining the …
- … digestive processes. With his final great botanical work, Darwin would attempt ‘ to bring all the …
- … emotions had their origins in non-human animal expression. Darwin had not done experimental work in …
- … viewed the division between animals and plants as absolute, Darwin was interested in similarities. …
- … become adapted to perform new functions, like climbing? For Darwin, physiology was a way of seeing …
- … his laboratory in the botanical institute at Würzburg in 1868. His Lehrbuch der Botanik …
- … attracting students from all over Europe and beyond. When Darwin’s son Francis worked in this …
- … ‘Mad about drops of water’ Darwin’s interest in the diversified movements of …
- … connection is revealed only though correspondence because Darwin never published on bloom. In August …
- … focusing light rays, and burn sections of the leaf blade. Darwin asked whether Farrer’s gardener had …
- … sun. It is a splendid subject for experiments ’. Darwin was clearly intrigued by bloom, but …
- … off as completely as possible ’. He had also asked Horace to discuss the point with his friend …
- … made ’. Jemmy (a nickname for Darwin’s youngest son Horace) did, indeed, design an improved version …
- … but a version of it was made by Darwin’s youngest son Horace, who also made an improved version of …
Darwin in letters,1870: Human evolution
Summary
The year 1870 is aptly summarised by the brief entry Darwin made in his journal: ‘The whole of the year at work on the Descent of Man & Selection in relation to Sex’. Descent was the culmination of over three decades of observations and reflections on…
Matches: 20 hits
- … The year 1870 is aptly summarised by the brief entry Darwin made in his journal: ‘The whole of the …
- … in relation to Sex’. Always precise in his accounting, Darwin reckoned that he had started writing …
- … gathered on each of these topics was far more extensive than Darwin had anticipated. As a result, …
- … and St George Jackson Mivart, and heated debates sparked by Darwin’s proposed election to the French …
- … Finishing Descent; postponing Expression Darwin began receiving proofs of some of the …
- … ( letter to Albert Günther, 13 January [1870] ). Darwin was still working hard on parts of the …
- … style, the more grateful I shall be’ ( letter to H. E. Darwin, [8 February 1870] ). She had …
- … , the latter when she was just eighteen years of age. Darwin clearly expected her to make a …
- … have thought that I shd. turn parson?’ ( letter to H. E. Darwin, [8 February 1870] ). Henrietta …
- … so unimportant as the mind of man!’ ( letter from H. E. Darwin, [after 8 February 1870] ). …
- … philanthropist Frances Power Cobbe. At Cobbe’s suggestion, Darwin read some of Immanuel Kant’s …
- … ( letter to F. P. Cobbe, 23 March [1870?] ). Cobbe accused Darwin of smiling in his beard with …
- … as animals: ears Despite Cobbe’s plea, most of Darwin’s scientific attention in 1870 was …
- … fairy in Shakespeare’s A midsummer night’s dream. Darwin obtained a sketch of a human ear from …
- … of a pointed tip projecting inward from the folded margin. Darwin, who had posed for the sculptor in …
- … vol. 16, letter to J. D. Hooker, 26 November [1868] ; this volume, letter to Thomas Woolner, 10 …
- … muscles A more troubling anatomical feature for Darwin was the platysma myoides, a band of …
- … of fright’, and one of his photographs, later used by Darwin in Expression , showed a man whose …
- … it is puzzle enough in every case whatever; & what our Boy Horace is to do, I know no more than …
- … him to have private instruction in mathematics. He wrote to Horace’s tutor at Trinity to request …
Fake Darwin: myths and misconceptions
Summary
Many myths have persisted about Darwin's life and work. Here are a few of the more pervasive ones, with full debunking below...
Matches: 1 hits
- … Many myths have persisted about Darwin's life and work. Here are a few of the more pervasive …
Darwin in letters, 1876: In the midst of life
Summary
1876 was the year in which the Darwins became grandparents for the first time. And tragically lost their daughter-in-law, Amy, who died just days after her son's birth. All the letters from 1876 are now published in volume 24 of The Correspondence…
Matches: 23 hits
- … The year 1876 started out sedately enough with Darwin working on the first draft of his book on the …
- … games. ‘I have won, hurrah, hurrah, 2795 games’, Darwin boasted; ‘my wife … poor creature, has won …
- … regarding the ailments that were so much a feature of Darwin family life. But the calm was not to …
- … four days later. ‘I cannot bear to think of the future’, Darwin confessed to William on 11 …
- … once, the labour of checking proofs proved a blessing, as Darwin sought solace for the loss of his …
- … and his baby son Bernard now part of the household, and Darwin recasting his work on dimorphic and …
- … had involved much time and effort the previous year, and Darwin clearly wanted to focus his …
- … When Smith, Elder and Company proposed reissuing two of Darwin’s three volumes of the geology of …
- … single-volume edition titled Geological observations , Darwin resisted making any revisions at …
- … volume, Coral reefs , already in its second edition. Darwin was nevertheless ‘firmly resolved not …
- … meticulous correction of errors in the German editions made Darwin less anxious about correcting the …
- … to Carus. ( Letter to J. V. Carus, 24 April 1876. ) Darwin focused instead on the second …
- … concentrated on the ‘means of crossing’, was seen by Darwin as the companion to Cross and self …
- … return to old work than part of the future work outlined by Darwin in his ‘little Autobiography’ ( …
- … holiday after finishing Cross and self fertilisation , Darwin took up the suggestion made by a …
- … for his family only. Writing for an hour every afternoon, Darwin finished his account on 3 August …
- … dimittis.”’ (‘Recollections’, pp. 418–19). Darwin remained firm in his resolution to …
- … ever return to the consideration of man.’ In particular, Darwin seemed eager to avoid issues that …
- … wrote with the good news that he could restore Darwin to a religious life. This transformation would …
- … expressed in the pangenesis hypothesis, first published in 1868 ( Variation 2: 357–404). Others …
- … for the real machine.’ It was the mechanically minded Horace, however, who was the first to type a …
- … it is. ’ After describing how you ‘ play on keys ’, Horace pointed out that in less than a day he …
- … to present it to the Royal Society. He was pleased that Horace was off to Birmingham to lecture to …
Darwin in letters, 1865: Delays and disappointments
Summary
The year was marked by three deaths of personal significance to Darwin: Hugh Falconer, a friend and supporter; Robert FitzRoy, captain of the Beagle; and William Jackson Hooker, director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and father of Darwin’s friend…
Matches: 16 hits
- … In 1865, the chief work on Charles Darwin’s mind was the writing of The variation of animals and …
- … letters on climbing plants to make another paper. Darwin also submitted a manuscript of his …
- … protégé, John Scott, who was now working in India. Darwin’s transmutation theory continued to …
- … Argyll, appeared in the religious weekly, Good Words . Darwin received news of an exchange of …
- … Butler, and, according to Butler, the bishop of Wellington. Darwin’s theory was discussed at an …
- … in the Gardeners’ Chronicle . At the end of the year, Darwin was elected an honorary member of …
- … year was marked by three deaths of personal significance to Darwin: Hugh Falconer, a friend of …
- … in August. There was also a serious dispute between two of Darwin’s friends, John Lubbock and …
- … jolly’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 7 January [1865] ). Darwin was ready to submit his paper on …
- … a sudden illness. Falconer was 56, almost the same age as Darwin himself. Falconer had seconded …
- … supported his candidacy, and had tried hard to persuade Darwin to accept the award in person (see …
- … the award ( see letter from Hugh Falconer to Erasmus Alvey Darwin, 3 January 1865 ). Erasmus …
- … illness and delay, the book was not published until January 1868. 'Climbing plants' …
- … manuscript was published as chapter 27 of Variation in 1868. The wider debate …
- … he wrote to Hooker that all the family were well, including Horace, who had been sickly for some …
- … were still at school in Clapham, south-west London, and Horace was seeing a private tutor. Henrietta …
Darwin in letters, 1877: Flowers and honours
Summary
Ever since the publication of Expression, Darwin’s research had centred firmly on botany. The year 1877 was no exception. The spring and early summer were spent completing Forms of flowers, his fifth book on a botanical topic. He then turned to the…
Matches: 29 hits
- … Ever since the publication of Expression , Darwin’s research had centred firmly on botany. The …
- … of these projects would culminate in a major publication. Darwin’s botany was increasingly a …
- … assisted his father’s research on movement and bloom, and Darwin in turn encouraged his son’s own …
- … The year 1877 was more than usually full of honours. Darwin received two elaborate photograph albums …
- … from Germany, Austria, and the Netherlands. Closer to home, Darwin received an honorary Doctorate of …
- … sites for possible earthworm activity. Now in his 69th year, Darwin remained remarkably productive, …
- … no controversy. In his autobiographical reflections, Darwin remarked: ‘no little discovery of …
- … (‘Recollections’, p. 419). During the winter and spring, Darwin was busy preparing the manuscript of …
- … and trimorphism that he had written between 1861 and 1868 and presented to the Linnean Society of …
- … as dimorphic without comparing pollen-grains & stigmas’, Darwin remarked to Joseph Dalton …
- … measurements of the size and number of pollen-grains, Darwin compared the fertility of individual …
- … primrose and purple loosestrife. In the course of his work, Darwin found a number of other …
- … dreadful work making out anything about dried flowers’, Darwin complained to Asa Gray on 8 March …
- … which include heterstyled species. This pleases me.’. Darwin dedicated the book to Gray, ‘as a small …
- … separate publications together into a larger whole enabled Darwin to advance more speculative views …
- … both pollen and seeds’ ( Forms of flowers , p. 344). Darwin was typically pessimistic about the …
- … be sold’. His publisher knew from previous experience that Darwin was a poor judge of sales, and …
- … after completing his manuscript of Forms of flowers , Darwin took up the problem of ‘bloom’ in …
- … characteristic whose purpose was little understood. Darwin had begun studying bloom in August 1873, …
- … exchanged between Down and Kew over the next six months. Darwin corresponded most often with the …
- … been for your kindness, we sh d . have broken down’, Darwin wrote back on 5 September . ‘As it …
- … injury from pure water resting on leaves’. In the end, Darwin did not publish on the subject, but …
- … on leaves and the distribution of the stomata’ (F. Darwin 1886). Alongside his work on bloom, …
- … closely to the leaves and required a tolerable shake’. Darwin gained another valuable observer in …
- … T. Thiselton-Dyer, 25 August 1877 ). At Down House, Darwin and Francis devised a method of …
- … Charles Norton, had stayed at Keston Rectory near Down in 1868 and had visited Down House. Darwin …
- … made the journey along with Emma. George, Francis, and Horace also attended. The ceremony was held …
- … that had gradually sunk from the burrowing of worms. Horace started building a ‘wormograph’ to …
- … buried ( letter from Francis Darwin, [28 October 1877?] ). Horace went with Francis to examine the …
George Eliot (Mary Ann Evans)
Summary
George Eliot was the pen name of celebrated Victorian novelist Mary Ann Evans (1819-1880). She was born on the outskirts of Nuneaton in Warwickshire and was educated at boarding schools from the age of five until she was 16. Her education ended when she…
Matches: 4 hits
- … novels, under her pen name, achieved great acclaim. Darwin and his family were keen readers …
- … Allen, [26 March 1873], DAR 219.11: 14). A few days later Darwin asked if his daughter and son-in …
- … to lunch but there is no evidence that this happened (Emma Darwin to Horace Darwin, [14 October 1873 …
- … started ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 18 January [1874] ). Darwin took Emma to a Sunday afternoon at …
Darwin in letters, 1867: A civilised dispute
Summary
Charles Darwin’s major achievement in 1867 was the completion of his large work, The variation of animals and plants under domestication (Variation). The importance of Darwin’s network of correspondents becomes vividly apparent in his work on expression in…
Matches: 27 hits
- … Charles Darwin’s major achievement in 1867 was the completion of his large work, …
- … couple of months were needed to index the work, a task that Darwin handed over to someone else for …
- … and animals ( Expression ), published in 1872. Although Darwin had been collecting material and …
- … A global reputation The importance of Darwin’s network of correspondents becomes vividly …
- … who might best answer the questions, with the result that Darwin began to receive replies from …
- … Variation would be based on proof-sheets received as Darwin corrected them. Closer to home, two …
- … Charles Fleeming Jenkin, challenged different aspects of Darwin’s theory of transmutation as …
- … orchids are fertilised by insects ( Orchids ). While Darwin privately gave detailed opinions of …
- … capable hands of Alfred Russel Wallace. At the same time, Darwin was persuaded by some German …
- … were becoming counterproductive. Throughout the year, Darwin continued to discuss now …
- … in Germany, and Federico Delpino in Italy, who provided Darwin with the collegial support and …
- … tedious dull work’ Thomas Henry Huxley sent Darwin the New Year’s greeting, ‘may you be …
- … number of copies to be printed, and by the end of the month Darwin promised to send the revised …
- … to John Murray, 31 January [1867] ). A week later, Darwin had sent the manuscript to the …
- … Descent and Expression . In the same letter, Darwin revealed the conclusion to his newly …
- … As the year progressed, the book continued to consume Darwin’s time. The first proof-sheets arrived …
- … Russian, German, and French translations had been arranged. Darwin had now found sympathetic …
- … was made by a young naturalist equally devoted to Darwin’s work, Vladimir Onufrievich Kovalevsky. …
- … brother’s embryological papers with his first letter to Darwin of 15 March 1867 , although he …
- … concerned with finding a good translator for his book, Darwin was always on the lookout for evidence …
- … link between invertebrates and vertebrates. Finally, Darwin had made sure that Julius Victor …
- … he was certain that Carus would undertake the translation. Darwin had received other offers, notably …
- … already agreed in principle to translate the work but told Darwin, ‘I am so very much occupied just …
- … V. Carus, 5 April 1867 ). This hint of uncertainty caused Darwin to respond to Vogt somewhat …
- … derived from Asa Gray’s printed queries, was published in 1868 in the Annual Report of the Board …
- … no serious illness in the family. However, his youngest son, Horace, had a bout of fever, which …
- … work itself.’ Variation was published on 30 January 1868. …
Darwin’s reading notebooks
Summary
In April 1838, Darwin began recording the titles of books he had read and the books he wished to read in Notebook C (Notebooks, pp. 319–28). In 1839, these lists were copied and continued in separate notebooks. The first of these reading notebooks (DAR 119…
Matches: 22 hits
- … In April 1838, Darwin began recording the titles of books he had read and the books he wished …
- … used these notebooks extensively in dating and annotating Darwin’s letters; the full transcript …
- … *128). For clarity, the transcript does not record Darwin’s alterations. The spelling and …
- … book had been consulted. Those cases where it appears that Darwin made a genuine deletion have been …
- … a few instances, primarily in the ‘Books Read’ sections, Darwin recorded that a work had been …
- … of the books listed in the other two notebooks. Sometimes Darwin recorded that an abstract of the …
- … own. Soon after beginning his first reading notebook, Darwin began to separate the scientific …
- … the second reading notebook. Readers primarily interested in Darwin’s scientific reading, therefore, …
- … editors’ identification of the book or article to which Darwin refers. A full list of these works is …
- … page number (or numbers, as the case may be) on which Darwin’s entry is to be found. The …
- … in the bibliography that other editions were available to Darwin. While it is likely that Darwin …
- … where we are not certain that the work cited is the one Darwin intended, we have prefixed the …
- … mark. Complete or partial runs of journals which Darwin recorded as having read or skimmed …
- … to the journal appear, and the location of abstracts in the Darwin archive and journals included in …
- … no means a complete representation of the books and journals Darwin read. The Darwin archive …
- … are not found listed here. The description given by Francis Darwin of his father’s method of …
- … number and the general orientation of the works upon which Darwin drew, particularly in the process …
- … (Emma) (read) M rs Fry’s Life [Fry 1847] Horace Walpoles letter to C t . of …
- … 1851]. Packard. A Guide to the Study of Insects 1868. U. States [Packard 1868–9] (an …
- … London. *128: 180; 128: 5, 9 Moquin-Tandon, Horace Bénédict Alfred. 1841. Éléments …
- … 2 vols. London. 119: 5a Packard, Alpheus Spring. 1868–9. Guide to the study of …
- … Mr. Warrenne . London. 119: 21b Walpole, Horace. 1845. Memoirs of the reign of King …
Darwin in letters, 1862: A multiplicity of experiments
Summary
1862 was a particularly productive year for Darwin. This was not only the case in his published output (two botanical papers and a book on the pollination mechanisms of orchids), but more particularly in the extent and breadth of the botanical experiments…
Matches: 28 hits
- … indicates, 1862 was a particularly productive year for Darwin. This was not only the case in his …
- … promotion of his theory of natural selection also continued: Darwin’s own works expanded on it, …
- … a keen interest in the progress of his views through Europe, Darwin negotiated, in addition to a …
- … the family over the summer. But towards the end of the year, Darwin was able once more to turn his …
- … of the Scottish press hissed). Huxley, while advocating Darwin’s theory, had again espoused the view …
- … experimental production of new ‘physiological’ species. Darwin attempted to dissuade him from this …
- … delivered a series of lectures to working men that reviewed Darwin’s theory, and sent copies to …
- … about the vars. of Tobacco.' At the end of the year, Darwin seemed resigned to their …
- … common man This correspondence with Huxley made Darwin keener than ever to repeat the …
- … began writing long, intelligent, and informative letters, Darwin, impressed, gave him the commission …
- … ). Two sexual forms: Primula and Linum Darwin’s views on the phenomenon of …
- … when crossed with another plant of the reciprocal form. Darwin concluded that the two forms existed …
- … in Primula ’, p. 92 ( Collected papers 2: 59)). Darwin later recalled: ‘no little discovery of …
- … , p. 134). On completion of his Primula paper, Darwin repeated his crosses through a …
- … George Bentham at Kew were also tapped for their knowledge. Darwin, initially hopeful, became …
- … one by one 6700 seeds of Monochætum!!’ By October, Darwin was flagging and declared to Gray: ‘I am …
- … is something very curious to be made out about them.’ Darwin persisted with his experiments through …
- … proved more profitable subjects for investigation, and Darwin was soon filling portfolios with notes …
- … to M. T. Masters, 24 July [1862] ). The materials that Darwin amassed on heterostyly in this year …
- … experiments led directly to publication. Many years earlier, Darwin had observed dimorphism in …
- … One of the multi-volume treatises through which Darwin groaningly trawled seeking cases of …
- … Lythrum , the purple loosestrife. By the summer, Darwin was experimenting. ‘To day I have been …
- … forms produced fertile seed. The case clearly excited Darwin, who exclaimed to Gray ( letter to Asa …
- … evidence with which to sway Huxley. By October, Darwin had decided that the case warranted a …
- … own specimens of the orchid Catasetum tridentatum ,that Darwin described before the ‘placid …
- … that were believed to constitute three distinct genera. Darwin explained that the three flowers …
- … since the previous summer. Orchids Darwin had enjoyed observing the orchids: he …
- … some cause. Not only was Leonard seriously ill in 1862, but Horace too, suffering from some strange …
