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Darwin in letters, 1878: Movement and sleep

Summary

In 1878, Darwin devoted most of his attention to the movements of plants. He investigated the growth pattern of roots and shoots, studying the function of specific organs in this process. Working closely with his son Francis, Darwin devised a series of…

Matches: 19 hits

  • … is to lessen injury to leaves from radiation In 1878, Darwin devoted most of his …
  • … organs in this process. Working closely with his son Francis, Darwin devised a series of experiments …
  • … of most advanced plant laboratories in Europe. While Francis was away, Darwin delighted in …
  • … from botanical research was provided by potatoes, as Darwin took up the cause of an Irish …
  • … would rid Ireland of famine. Several correspondents pressed Darwin for his views on religion, …
  • … closed with remarkable news of a large legacy bequeathed to Darwin by a stranger as a reward for his …
  • … scientific man’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 14 December [1878] ). Writing to Ernst Haeckel on …
  • … Expression ), and the final revision of Origin (1872), Darwin had turned almost exclusively to …
  • … plants.’ Movement in plants In the spring of 1878, Darwin started to focus on the …
  • … were enrolled as researchers, as were family members. Darwin asked his niece Sophy to observe …
  • … come up arched’ ( letter to Sophy Wedgwood, 24 March [1878–80] ). While Darwin was studying the …
  • … (see Movement in plants , pp. 112–13). He explained to Francis on 2 July : ‘I go on maundering …
  • … out that he missed sensitiveness of apex’ ( letter to Francis Darwin, [11 May 1878] ). …
  • … the bassoon & apparently more by a high than a low note.’ Francis apparently played the musical …
  • … at my blunder’ ( letter to John Tyndall, 22 December [1878] ). Son abroad Darwin’s …
  • … exchanged when they were apart. At the start of June, Francis left to work at Sach’s laboratory in …
  • … kind to him’ ( letter to W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, 18 June [1878] ). While Francis was away, Darwin …
  • … work, I scribble to you ( letter to Francis Darwin, 7 [July 1878] ). Two weeks later he wrote: ‘I …
  • … to discuss it with’ ( letter to Francis Darwin, 20 [July 1878] ). It is unclear why the …

Darwn's letters from 1878 online

Summary

Investigating the movements and 'sleep' of plants, being entertained by the mental faculties of his young grandson Bernard, finally elected a corresponding member of the French Académie des sciences, trying to secure a government grant to support…

Matches: 13 hits

  • and footnotes of  over 550 letters written to and from Darwin in 1878  are now online. Read more
  • the circumnutating Movements of plants & bloom . Darwin summed up his work in 1878
  • specimens. His work on plant movement was published in 1880; Francis published some of their work on
  • Wurzburg, & work by myself will be dull work . Francis spent over two months
  • long and detailed letters about their work, enabling Darwin to tap into, and critique, the latest
  • 2 years is inferior in intellect to a monkey . Darwin missed having Francis to talk to
  • Staffordshire, to see Emmas brother Frank and his family. Darwin deplored the loss of time from his
  • of a single natural order! In August, Darwin was elected a corresponding member of
  • and was in the botany section rather than in zoology, where Darwins work was more controversial. In
  • squabbles that they will do nothing. Darwin spent some time trying to secure a
  • potato. His efforts came to nothing, and in the end Darwin sent Torbitt a cheque for £100 on his own
  • the prospect of war, first in Turkey, then in Afghanistan; Darwin signed two anti-war petitions in
  • discover the truth. At the end of the year, Darwin was surprised to hear that a

Wearing his knowledge lightly: From Fritz Müller, 5 April 1878

Summary

Darwin received letters from so many people and wrote so many fascinating letters himself, that it’s hard to choose from many letters that stand out, but one of this editor’s favourites, that always brings a smile, is a letter from Fritz Müller written 5…

Matches: 7 hits

  • Darwin received letters from so many people and wrote so many fascinating
  • smile, is a letter from Fritz Müller written 5 April 1878 . Müller was a German naturalist
  • laboratory of Santa Catarina province in southern Brazil. Darwin was delighted to find a
  • of phenomena was similar to his own. In short, Darwin and Müller were very much on the same
  • enclosed on Brazilian entomology. These were forwarded by Darwin to the Entomological Society of
  • Transactions Müller then responds to a request from Darwin that he observe Mimosa leaves in
  • cow while on an excursion, but that, unlike the creature/s Darwin had described in his Journal of

Darwin in letters, 1879: Tracing roots

Summary

Darwin spent a considerable part of 1879 in the eighteenth century. His journey back in time started when he decided to publish a biographical account of his grandfather Erasmus Darwin to accompany a translation of an essay on Erasmus’s evolutionary ideas…

Matches: 19 hits

  • There are summaries of all Darwin's letters from the year 1879 on this website.  The full texts
  • 27 of the print edition of The correspondence of Charles Darwin , published by Cambridge
  • to publish a biographical account of his grandfather Erasmus Darwin to accompany a translation of an
  • the sensitivity of the tips. Despite this breakthrough, when Darwin first mentioned the book to his
  • 1879 ). He was also unsatisfied with his account of Erasmus Darwin, declaring, ‘My little biography
  • W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, [after 26] July [1879] ). From July, Darwin had an additional worry: the
  • that his grandfather had felt the same way. In 1792, Erasmus Darwin had written: ‘The worst thing I
  • contained a warmer note and the promise of future happiness: Darwin learned he was to be visited by
  • Hacon, 31 December 1879 ). Seventy years old Darwins seventieth birthday on 12
  • the veteran of Modern Zoology’, but it was in Germany that Darwin was most fêted. A German
  • with Charles Darwin and Ernst Haeckel. Kosmos was, as Francis Darwin reported from Germany that
  • the children correctly’, mentioning in particular that Francis Galton was the son of one of Erasmus
  • to contradict false statements that had been published by Francis Galtons aunt, Mary Anne
  • for Captain Robert FitzRoy on the Beagle voyage, Francis Beaufort of the Admiralty described the
  • and poet’ ( Correspondence vol. 1, letter from Francis Beaufort to Robert FitzRoy, 1 September
  • perplexed than ever about life of D r . D’ ( letter to Francis Darwin, 12 July [1879] ). It was
  • in plants. Over the previous two years, he and his son Francis had worked together on the
  • of radicles, the embryonic roots of seedlings ( letter to Francis Darwin, 16 June [1879] ). …
  • cross-fertilisation, had first contacted Darwin in 1876. By 1878, Darwin was sufficiently impressed

Power of movement in plants

Summary

Sources|Discussion Questions|Experiment Family experiments Darwin was an active and engaged father during his children's youth, involving them in his experiments and even occasionally using them as observational subjects. When his children…

Matches: 10 hits

  • … | Experiment Family experiments Darwin was an active and engaged father during
  • Man (1872). This teaching module focuses on work done by Darwin with his son Francis on
  • and his role as an attentive and affectionate father. Darwin's letters to Francis mix advice on
  • notice that although they come from the last decade of Darwins life, he is still interested in his
  • move In The Power of movement in plants Darwin continued his experiments with and
  • in behavioral responses. In the conclusion of the book Darwin argues that gradual modifications in
  • SOURCES Books Darwin, C.R. The power of movement in plants. 1880. London: …
  • of movement in plants Letter 7346 - Darwin to Francis Darwin, 18 October 1870
  • compromising their character. Letter 10517 - Darwin to Francis Darwin, 29 May 1876
  • Letter 11628 - Francis Darwin to Darwin, 24 July 1878 Francis writes to his father

Movement in Plants

Summary

The power of movement in plants, published on 7 November 1880, was the final large botanical work that Darwin wrote. It was the only work in which the assistance of one of his children, Francis Darwin, is mentioned on the title page. The research for this…

Matches: 22 hits

  • 7 November 1880was the final large botanical work that Darwin wrote. It was the only work in which
  • about their research while he was away from home. Although Darwin lacked a state of the art research
  • research being pursued by other naturalists who, like Francis, had come to this centre for the study
  • methods and use the most advanced laboratory equipment. Darwin also benefitted from the instrument
  • copied but also improved on some of the apparatuses that Francis had been introduced to at Würzburg. …
  • plant physiology, but it was at its core informed by Darwins theory of evolution, particularly by
  • early 1860s, at a time when his health was especially bad, Darwin had taken up the study of climbing
  • reproduced as a small book, giving it a much wider audience. Darwin was not the first naturalist to
  • which eventually appeared in 1875. In the same year, Darwin published a much longer work,  …
  • about the nature of movement, so much so, that at one point Darwin had considered combining the
  • digestive processes. With his final great botanical work, Darwin would attemptto bring all the
  • emotions had their origins in non-human animal expression. Darwin had not done experimental work in
  • from all over Europe and beyond. When Darwins son Francis worked in this laboratory in the summers
  • had also asked Horace to discuss the point with his friend Francis Balfour(258). Darwin promised to
  • of any success. '. Just two months later, Darwin put Francis in charge of this aspect of the
  • more familiar with the research in Sachss laboratory as Franciss departure for Würzburg was
  • to Wurzburg, & work by myself will be dull work’ . Francis was in Würzburg until early August. …
  • Movement in plants , p. 179. In May 1878, Darwin had pointed out the importance of
  • good instruments were never far from Darwins thinking. Francis viewed the new instruments he was
  • design an improved version of the instrument, a klinostat; Francis later described and illustrated
  • his experiments on the function of bloom. By December 1878, Darwin was thinking about the
  • accuracy ( letter from JDCooper13 December 1878 ). The method would be expensive, so Darwin

Darwin in letters, 1876: In the midst of life

Summary

1876 was the year in which the Darwins became grandparents for the first time.  And tragically lost their daughter-in-law, Amy, who died just days after her son's birth.  All the letters from 1876 are now published in volume 24 of The Correspondence…

Matches: 19 hits

  • The year 1876 started out sedately enough with Darwin working on the first draft of his book on the
  • games. ‘I have won, hurrah, hurrah, 2795 games’, Darwin boasted; ‘my wifepoor creature, has won
  • regarding the ailments that were so much a feature of Darwin family life. But the calm was not to
  • the first member of the next generation of the family, with Francis and Amys child expected in
  • four days later. ‘I cannot bear to think of the future’, Darwin confessed to William on 11
  • once, the labour of checking proofs proved a blessing, as Darwin sought solace for the loss of his
  • had involved much time and effort the previous year, and Darwin clearly wanted to focus his
  • When Smith, Elder and Company proposed reissuing two of Darwins three volumes of the geology of
  • single-volume edition titled Geological observations , Darwin resisted making any revisions at
  • Darwin reassured his close friend Joseph Hooker that he and Francis would attend the meeting. Darwin
  • subject takes an opposite line’. Although he conceded that Francis had the best of an argument with
  • to propose the young rising star of Cambridge morphology, Francis Maitland Balfour, for fellowship
  • of the earliest available commercial models of typewriter. Francis Darwin and his wife, Amy, …
  • anyone who wrote a lot, but the novelty soon wore off and in 1878 the machine was given away. …
  • point, and he was reliant on his son George and cousin Francis Galton for the calculations. ‘I have
  • in their research. He revelled in the praise heaped on Francis by George Henry Lewes for an article
  • chemical pycrotoxine in vivisection experiments ( letter to Francis Darwin, [1 May 1876] ). Darwin
  • 2 May [1876] ). Darwin even cautioned the otherwise healthy Francis, ‘Take care and do not overwork
  • first time to a large and healthy boy, the son of Amy and Francis. Just four days later, Darwin had

Cross and self fertilisation

Summary

The effects of cross and self fertilisation in the vegetable kingdom, published on 10 November 1876, was the result of a decade-long project to provide evidence for Darwin’s belief that ‘‘Nature thus tells us, in the most emphatic manner, that she abhors…

Matches: 28 hits

  • the result of a decade-long project to provide evidence for Darwins belief that ‘‘Nature thus tells
  • on plants with two or three different forms of flowers, Darwin had focused on the anatomical and
  • of different forms of pollen. Although many plants that Darwin observed had flowers with adaptations
  • rates, growth, and constitutional vigour. Although Darwin was no stranger to long months and years
  • … … is highly remarkableIn September 1866, Darwin announced to the American botanist
  • several years ( To Édouard Bornet, 1 December 1866 ). Darwin began a series of experiments, …
  • … ). It was only after a new season of experiments that Darwin would confirm that this poppy shed its
  • access to flowers was only the tip of the iceberg. Darwin next focused on the California
  • conditions’ ( From Fritz Müller, 1 December 1866 ). Darwins interest was piqued and he described
  • when self-fertilised, although fewer than crossed plants. Darwin sent some of these seeds to Müller, …
  • … [1868] ). Müller, in turn, sent seeds from his plants to Darwin and both men continued to
  • Müller remarked, on receiving a new batch of seeds from Darwin, ‘that it wascurious to see, on
  • … ( From Fritz Müller, 15 June 1869 ). By May 1870, Darwin reported that he wasrearing crossed
  • From a fairly early stage in his experimental programme, Darwin began to pay more attention to the
  • the sweet pea ( Lathyrus odoratus ), and in October 1867, Darwin wrote to James Moggridge to ask
  • of the year ( To JTMoggridge, 1 October [1867] ). Darwin was beginning to suspect that the
  • simply did not exist in Britain. During a visit to Darwin in May 1866, Robert Caspary, a
  • by the former ( From Robert Caspary, 18 February 1868 ). Darwin eagerly requested seed from both
  • was published on 30 January 1868. In April 1868, Darwin informed George Bentham, ‘I am
  • to elongate when the pollen touches the stigmatic surface. Darwin was able to discern that
  • 8 January 1876] ). It was his cousin, the statistician Francis Galton, who provided a statistical
  • to publish the report in the introduction to the book ( To Francis Galton, 13 January [1876] ). …
  • 6 June 1876] ). The project proved to be too complex and Francis Darwin later recalled, ‘the
  • birth of Darwins first grandchild, a son born to Amy and Francis Darwin on 7 September, suddenly
  • if, as I expect, you find it too much for you’ ( To Francis Darwin, 16 September [1876] ). Francis
  • have accepted all, though some slightly modified’ ( To Francis Darwin, 20 September [1876] ). …
  • … ‘Your corrections are very good & very useful’ ( To Francis Darwin   25 September [1876] ). …
  • A. W. Rimpau, 10 December 1877 ). By the end of February 1878, Murray was ready to print the second

Life of Erasmus Darwin

Summary

The Life of Erasmus Darwin (1879) was a curious departure for Darwin. It was intended as a biographical note to accompany an essay on Erasmus's scientific work by the German writer Ernst Krause. But Darwin became immersed in his grandfather's…

Matches: 18 hits

  • … scientific work by the German writer Ernst Krause. But Darwin became immersed in his grandfather& …
  • … his grandfather's mind and character. To compose the work, Darwin gathered materials and …
  • … book into grist for controversy.  In February 1879, Darwin received an unusual birthday …
  • … an essay by Ernst Krause on the evolutionary ideas of Darwin's grandfather. Darwin was familiar …
  • … poems, The Botanic Garden and Temple of Nature . But Darwin had never known his grandfather, …
  • … in Darwinismus '; ' It piles up the glory and would please Francis '. Darwin' …
  • … 'men of science'. The biographical sketch was thus a way for Darwin to trace his own …
  • … character. Once a celebrated poet and philosopher, Erasmus Darwin's fame had declined sharply …
  • … wholly & shamefully ignorant of my grandfathers life ', Darwin wrote to Krause on 14 March …
  • … storehouse of private thoughts and experiences. Reading it, Darwin said, was like ' having …
  • … Priory where he resided at his death, both appeared in Darwin's Life .   & …
  • … word “benevolent” has always been associated with Dr. Darwin by his friends '. She recalled an …
  • … bedside & made him a sign to be silent. He then said “Dr. Darwin I am the Jockey who is to ride …
  • … just at the last, & come in third or fourth'.  Darwin tried to verify such tales …
  • … in the Life , pp. 63–5.  One of Darwin's aims in assembling these episodes …
  • … which had been tarnished by previous biographies. Many of Darwin's relations had expressed …
  • … had struggled to understand Butler's Life and Habit (1878), which seemed to attribute …
  • … Erasmus's character and restored his good reputation. Francis Galton was pleased to have been …

3.8 Leonard Darwin, interior photo

Summary

< Back to Introduction Leonard Darwin, who created the distinctive image of his father sitting on the verandah at Down House, also portrayed him as a melancholy philosopher. His head, brightly lit from above, emerges from the enveloping darkness; he…

Matches: 12 hits

  • … &lt; Back to Introduction Leonard Darwin, who created the distinctive image of his father
  • is here an obvious relationship to Oulesss painting of Darwin, and to the photographs taken by
  • with Leonards own personal recollections of his father. Darwins life, Leonard wrote, could notbe
  • but it reads like a commentary on his own photograph of Darwin. There seems to have been a two-way
  • descriptions of him. At the same time, photographs of Darwin taken by his family and friends have an
  • Leonard wrote to his father from Brompton Barracks in April 1878 enclosing two photographs
  • of the photograph at Down House that he took it in 1878.   It was this photograph which
  • and illustrator, created a bold wood-engraved image of Darwins head and shoulders from Leonards
  • this was for a wood engraving to illustrate an obituary of Darwin by Dr Otto Zacharias in the
  • portrait photographon china from the negative by Leonard Darwin’, lent to the 1909 exhibition by
  • date of creation undated; probably early 1878 
 computer-readable date c.1878-01-01 to c
  • to his father, enclosing unidentified photographs, 25 April 1878. Woodburytype reproduction of

Darwin in letters, 1874: A turbulent year

Summary

The year 1874 was one of consolidation, reflection, and turmoil for Darwin. He spent the early months working on second editions of Coral reefs and Descent of man; the rest of the year was mostly devoted to further research on insectivorous plants. A…

Matches: 24 hits

  • 1874 was one of consolidation, reflection, and turmoil for Darwin. He spent the early months working
  • dispute over an anonymous review that attacked the work of Darwins son George dominated the second
  • and traveller Alexander von Humboldts 105th birthday, Darwin obliged with a reflection on his debt
  • … ). The death of a Cambridge friend, Albert Way, caused Darwins cousin, William Darwin Fox, to
  • from W. D. Fox, 8 May [1874] ).  Such reminiscences led Darwin to the self-assessment, ‘as for one
  • I feel very old &amp; helpless The year started for Darwin with a weeks visit to
  • Andrew Clark, whom he had been consulting since August 1873. Darwin had originally thought that
  • …  ( letter to B. J. Sulivan, 6 January [1874] ). Darwin mentioned his poor health so frequently in
  • 1874 ). Séances, psychics, and sceptics Darwin excused himself for reasons of
  • by George Henry Lewes and Marian Evans (George Eliot), but Darwin excused himself, finding it too
  • the month, another Williams séance was held at the home of Darwins cousin Hensleigh Wedgwood. Those
  • imposter’ ( letter from T. H. Huxley, 27 January 1874 ). Darwin agreed that it wasall imposture’ …
  • stop word getting to America of thestrange newsthat Darwin had alloweda spirit séanceat his
  • the first three months of the year and, like many of Darwins enterprises in the 1870s, were family
  • had cost twenty-four shillings.) Murrays partner, Robert Francis Cooke, informed Darwin that the
  • … (see G. B. Airy ed. 1881). Darwins third son Francis married Amy Ruck, the sister of a
  • work on insectivorous plants. Amy drew a plant and Francis was disappointed that they seemed not to
  • from Cornwall, but Darwin was unwell when it arrived, so Francis worked on the tiny bladders under
  • 1874 , and  Correspondence  vol. 21, letter from Francis Darwin,  [11 October 1873] ). …
  • work’ ( letter to D. F. Nevill, 18 September [1874] ).Franciss new wife, Amy, drew the plant ( …
  • After his wife read  Expression , the military surgeon Francis François de Chaumont sent
  • a donation of £100, and £10 each from his sons George and Francis ( letter to Anton Dohrn, 7 March
  • a photograph of the station to be sent to Darwin by Francis Maitland Balfour; Darwin offered to try
  • M. M. Radovanović, 17 September 1874 ), which appeared in 1878. Books and articles were

Dining at Down House

Summary

Sources|Discussion Questions|Experiment Dining, Digestion, and Darwin's Domestic Life While Darwin is best remembered for his scientific accomplishments, he greatly valued and was strongly influenced by his domestic life. Darwin's…

Matches: 15 hits

  • Questions | Experiment Dining, Digestion, and Darwin's Domestic Life
  • chance for what share of happiness this world affords.&quot; ( Darwin to H.W. Bates , 26
  • and they partook in his scientific endeavours. One of Darwin's defining characteristics
  • through his correspondence. Letters written to and from Darwin, as well as those exchanged between
  • provides into the bright and engaging personalities of the Darwin children and of family life in the
  • SOURCES Book Darwin, Charles. On the Origin of Species . 1859. London: John
  • Dining at Down House Letter 259Charles Darwin to Caroline Darwin, 13 October
  • South American cities, cultures, geography, flora and fauna) Darwin complains to his sister Caroline
  • while ill. Letter 465Emma Wedgwood (Emma Darwin) to Charles Darwin, [30 December 1838] …
  • agreeablefor her sake. Letter 3626Emma Darwin to T. G. Appleton, 28 June [1862] …
  • behalf to his American publisher, T. G. Appleton. Darwin, who is too ill to write himself, wishes to
  • cod liver oil and moderate work, among other things, for Darwins complaints. Emma Darwin
  • suffers a bout ofrocking &amp; giddiness”. Emma Darwin to Henrietta Darwin, [5 September
  • luncheon fare. Letter 8296Darwin to Francis Galton, 21 April [1872] In this
  • Leonard Darwin to George Darwin, 8 February [1878] Darwins youngest son, Leonard (Lenny), …

George Eliot (Mary Ann Evans)

Summary

George Eliot was the pen name of celebrated Victorian novelist Mary Ann Evans (1819-1880). She was born on the outskirts of Nuneaton in Warwickshire and was educated at boarding schools from the age of five until she was 16. Her education ended when she…

Matches: 5 hits

  • become her partner for the next 25 years, until his death in 1878. Lewes was already married but
  • novels, under her pen name, achieved great acclaim. Darwin and his family were keen readers
  • Allen, [26 March 1873], DAR 219.11: 14). A few days later Darwin asked if his daughter and son-in
  • to lunch but there is no evidence that this happened (Emma Darwin to Horace Darwin, [14 October 1873
  • started ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 18 January [1874] ). Darwin took Emma to a Sunday afternoon at

Darwin in letters, 1882: Nothing too great or too small

Summary

In 1882, Darwin reached his 74th year Earthworms had been published the previous October, and for the first time in decades he was not working on another book. He remained active in botanical research, however. Building on his recent studies in plant…

Matches: 26 hits

  • In 1882, Darwin reached his 74th year Earthworms had been published the previous
  • for scientific colleagues or their widows facing hardship. Darwin had suffered from poor health
  • of his scientific friends quickly organised a campaign for Darwin to have greater public recognition
  • Botanical observation and experiment had long been Darwins greatest scientific pleasure. The year
  • to Fritz Müller, 4 January 1882 ). These were topics that Darwin had been investigating for years, …
  • working at the effects of Carbonate of Ammonia on roots,’ Darwin wrote, ‘the chief result being that
  • for some hours in a weak solution of C. of Ammonia’. Darwins interest in root response and the
  • London on 6 and 16 March, respectively. In January, Darwin corresponded with George John
  • letter from Arthur de Souza Corrêa, 28 December 1881 ). Darwin had a long-running interest in such
  • experiments had been conducted to lend support to Darwins theory of pangenesis (see
  • He was eager to write up the results on Brazilian cane, with Darwin providing a detailed outline: ‘I
  • at the Linnean Society on 4 May, but not published. Darwin carried on with botanical work in
  • which are asymmetric, thus facilitating cross-fertilisation. Darwins aim, he said, was just to
  • 3 April 1882 ). Earthworms and evolution Darwins last book, Earthworms , had been
  • Appendix V). The conservative Quarterly Review , owned by Darwins publisher John Murray, carried
  • themselves’ ( Quarterly Review , January 1882, p. 179). Darwin commented at length on the review
  • at an early age was encouraged by Darwin. He wrote to Francis: ‘I say nothing about the loss to
  • a small tribute of respect’ (letter from John Lubbock to Francis Darwin, 20 April 1882 (DAR 215: 10n
  • of ice dams causing glacial lakes was presented by Thomas Francis Jamieson in a paper to the
  • Darwins views on eugenics, a term coined by his cousin Francis Galton, were mixed, partly owing to
  • years of Darwins life show his increasing attachment to Francis, as father and son worked together
  • no one to talk to, I scribble this to you’ ( letter to Francis Darwin, [1 August 1878] ). …
  • and Earthworms , pp. 2218). Darwin resumed contact in 1878. On receiving Darwins letter, …
  • at wormbs”’ ( letter from Mary Johnson, [after 22 July 1878] ).   Edition complete
  • from Charlotte Papé, 16 July 1875 ). She now addressed Francis, who could best appreciate the
  • and nothing too small’ (letter from Charlotte Papé to Francis Darwin, 21 April 1882, DAR 215: 7k). …

Darwin and the Church

Summary

The story of Charles Darwin’s involvement with the church is one that is told far too rarely. It shows another side of the man who is more often remembered for his personal struggles with faith, or for his role in large-scale controversies over the…

Matches: 23 hits

  • The story of Charles Darwins involvement with the church is one that is told far too rarely. It
  • unique window into this complicated relationship throughout Darwins life, as it reveals his
  • belief (and doubt) than many non-conformist denominations. Darwins parents attended a Unitarian
  • the necessary studies to be a clergyman. During Darwins lifetime, the vast majority of the
  • income was essential to enjoy a gentlemanly lifestyle. For Darwin, who could rely on the financial
  • compatible with the pursuit of scientific interests. Indeed, Darwins Cambridge mentorJohn Stevens
  • … (Blackwoods Edinburgh Magazine (1887): 321). Darwin started on his journey around the world
  • it even through a grove of Palms.—’ (letter to Caroline Darwin, 256 April [1832] ). Darwins
  • Museum or some other learned place’ (letter from E. A. Darwin, 18 August [1832] ). Writing to Fox
  • about—’ (letter to W. D. Fox, [912 August] 1835 ). Darwins doubts about orthodox belief, and
  • in 1838 and 1839, as can be read here. In the end, Darwin chose a middle coursea life of ease in
  • within six years of his return from the  Beagle  voyage, Darwin moved to Down House, in the
  • where their children Mary and Charles were buried; later Darwins brother Erasmus, Emmas sister
  • of Emma, whose religious scruples are discussed here. But Darwins correspondence reveals his own
  • Although he was not the principal landowner in Down, Darwin was a gentleman of means, and clearly
  • made inroads on Anglican authority in the countryside. The Darwin family took an interest in, and
  • Many of the letters highlighted in this section focus on Darwins long-standing relationship with
  • To the end of his life Innes refused to be persuaded by Darwins theory of evolution, but
  • cordial; in the first extant letter of the correspondence, Darwin wrote to Innes expressing concern
  • to 1869 (letter to J. B. Innes, [8 May 1848] and n. 2). Darwin praised Innes to John William
  • a high opinion of Darwins character that he claimed in 1878 to have made the following declaration
  • of himself. Letter from J. B. Innes, 1 December 1878 This was a stirring
  • Darwin, including an autobiographical chapter . Edited by Francis Darwin. 3 vols. London: John

3.14 Julia Margaret Cameron, photos

Summary

< Back to Introduction In the summer of 1868 Darwin took a holiday on the Isle of Wight with his immediate family, his brother Erasmus, and his friend Joseph Hooker. The family’s accommodation at Freshwater was rented from the photographer Julia…

Matches: 25 hits

  • … &lt; Back to Introduction In the summer of 1868 Darwin took a holiday on the Isle of
  • Cameron, who seized this opportunity to portray both Darwin and Hookerportraits that would come
  • and in particular Hookers speechaEulogiumof Darwin, would represent a public victory for the
  • such as to heighten the demand for images of Hooker and of Darwin himself. She was in any case a
  • from Camerons portraits that included the one of Darwin, thought thatSomething of what William
  • done’, had been achieved by these photographs.   Darwin was not a natural inhabitant of this
  • characteristics of the four or five known photographs of Darwin which Cameron took in the summer of
  • them romantically dishevelled and swathed in rough drapery, Darwin is wearing his usual conventional
  • than a passing resemblancebetween these photographs and Darwins own engraved portrait of Leonardo
  • one serves as frontispiece to R.B. Freemans Charles Darwin: A Companion . In another shot, he
  • powerful resolve, and there is a quality which his son Francis described as characteristic of him – …
  • captured by Cameron with great skill: in fact, her image of Darwin was such as to offset the
  • of Descent of Man. Indeed, such ennobling images of Darwin fed into a perception of the superior
  • that it wasNot a very successful picture, although Mr. Darwin was very pleased with it’. In fact
  • revered sitter, Tennyson. Nevertheless, this photograph of Darwin was highly favoured, and had a
  • actuality. Ernst Haeckel recalled his first impressions of Darwin on a visit to Down House in 1866: …
  • of Dr Johnson discoursing; and Camerons emphasis on Darwins domed skull is attuned to nineteenth
  • intelligence.   Relations between Cameron and the Darwin family continued to be very cordial, …
  • the role of her agent at the BAAS conference. He reported to Darwin at the end of August, ‘I have
  • 2830cm. vertically. Although the profile photograph of Darwin was reproduced as a lantern slide and
  • a loss of most of the tonal subtlety of the original; as Darwin complained in a letter to Alfred
  • 88202895; 88204450; 88204438, with a printed facsimile of Darwins signature.  
 copyright
  • Review , 101 (April 1857), 2 parts, part 2, pp. 442468. Darwins letters to Hooker, 17 [Aug. 1868] …
  • William Darwin, letter to his father, 10 July [1878], asking him to autograph the mounts of two
  • Haeckel on Darwinin Times (28 Sept. 1882), p. 6. Francis Darwin (ed.), The Life and Letters

3.7 Leonard Darwin, photo on verandah

Summary

< Back to Introduction Like the anonymous photograph of Darwin on horseback in front of Down House, Leonard Darwin’s photograph of him sitting in a wicker chair on the verandah was originally just a family memento. However, as Darwin’s high…

Matches: 13 hits

  • to Introduction Like the anonymous photograph of Darwin on horseback in front of Down
  • entered the public sphere. Thus a wood engraving of Leonard Darwins photograph featured in the
  • Alfred Russel Wallaces articleThe debt of science to Darwin’. Furthermore, Wallaces article was
  • greenhouses and pathsas the essential context of Darwins hallowed endeavours: hisloving, …
  • window in Leonards photograph, giving a stronger focus on Darwins dignified figure. However, the
  • to the frontispiece and in his catalogue of portraits of Darwin, Francis Darwin tentatively dated
  • such as Julius Bryant. However, John van Wyhe proposes 1878, as Emma Darwins diary records that
  • all attention directed to the subjects characterful head. Darwin sits in his habitual posehands
  • as the main source for Boehms commemorative portrayal of Darwin in the marble statue installed in
  • University of Turinphysical location Darwin archive, Cambridge University Library
  • Library 
 originator of image Leonard Darwin 
 date of creation not
  • Century Magazine , 25:3 (Jan. 1883), with a facsimile of Darwins signature, and signed by the
  • p. 19, no. 92; p. 23, no. 118. Janet Browne, Charles Darwin: The Power of Place: Volume II of a

Fool's experiments

Summary

‘I love fools' experiments. I am always making them’, was one of the most interesting things the zoologist E. Ray Lankester ever heard Darwin say. ‘A great deal might be written as comment on that statement’, Lankester later recorded, but he limited…

Matches: 21 hits

  • interesting things the zoologist E. Ray Lankester ever heard Darwin say. ‘A great deal might be
  • the dark into great discoveries.’ [1] What were Darwinsfoolsexperimentsand did they
  • great discoveries’? The fools experiment that Darwin had described to Lankester involved
  • see whether one would act in any way upon the other. [2]  Darwin could hardly have expected that
  • surprised by nature typified his fools experiments. While Darwin was cautious about speculation, he
  • knowledge that might be limited in some wayDarwins fools experiments, however, were more
  • or mysterious aspects of the natural world and were, for Darwin, a form of wishful thinking. When
  • send him some tropical mosses for his experiments. In 1878, Darwin, deep into his
  • those of the Polish botanist Theophil Ciesielski. Darwin wondered whether hot and dry radicles might
  • before proceeding to more complex explanations guided Darwins experimental practice in this case.  …
  • on etiolated leavesbut they would not turn white. ’ Darwin was delighted to hear thatSachs
  • the results of many fools experiments were negative, Darwins enthusiasm for them did not wane. …
  • to the Scottish botanist Alexander Stephen Wilson in 1878, ‘ I have often incidentally observed
  • of silk. While not labelling this a fools experiment, Darwin did admit that in theeyes of all
  • Hannays attempts to produce artificial diamonds in 1881, Darwin suggested a modification to the
  • of the carbon for diamonds in their natural place. ’ Darwin had long wishedthat some one w d
  • … ‘ side-resulthad emerged from a fools experiment Darwin carried out in June 1842. While
  • he hadplantedin 1842Unexpectedly, it was Darwins three-year old son William, whose early
  • meant that the record of the experiment ended up not in Darwins accounts of bees but in the
  • children (DAR 210.11: 37).  One of those children, Francis Darwin, when recalling Darwins
  • … [2]   Ibid ., p. 4391. [3]  Francis DarwinRustic Sounds  (London: John

2.23 Hope Pinker statue, Oxford Museum

Summary

< Back to Introduction Henry Richard Hope Pinker’s life-size statue of Darwin was installed in the Oxford University Museum on 14 June 1899. It was the latest in a series of statues of great scientific thinkers, the ‘Founders and Improvers of Natural…

Matches: 24 hits

  • Henry Richard Hope Pinkers life-size statue of Darwin was installed in the Oxford University Museum
  • the glass-roofed central court of this remarkable building. Darwins statue was the only one that
  • Hooker again spoke movingly about his long friendship with Darwin, whichripened rapidly into
  • it was in this very building that he and Huxley had defended Darwins theories from Bishop
  • Tylor, then Keeper of the Museum, echoed his sentiments. Darwin was not only a great thinker who had
  • thought that Hope Pinkersspeaking likenessof Darwins face would be an inspiration to
  • the preoccupations of particular donors. The statue of Darwin was the gift of Edward Poulton, who
  • collections, to which some specimens collected by Darwin, Wallace and others had been added; and
  • Darwinian among Oxford biologists: he defended and developed Darwins theories, and exemplified them
  • and pointedly chose a photograph of Boehms statue of Darwin in the Natural History Museum, London, …
  • make a speech on the putting up of a statue to Darwin!’ – Wallace intendeda kind, …
  • wrote to Tylor to suggest, ‘the portrait statue of Darwin should not be one of a series but should
  • and palaeontological collections, the arrangement of which Darwin would, had he been living, have
  • which are identified with his name.’ Others suggested that Darwins statue should be paired with
  • to the Vice Chancellor to suggest instead that the statue of Darwin should be placed inthe very
  • This proposal was adopted, and thus the figures of Darwin and Newton flank the archway leading
  • lap. It compensated him for the rebuff he had received in 1878, when his proposal to create a bust
  • commission to sculpt the Natural History Museum statue of Darwin. Hope Pinkers statue at Oxford is
  • use partly explains the effect of inexpressive blankness in Darwins cape, which contrasts painfully
  • Yet Karl Pearson assured the sculptor in 1906 that his Darwin at Oxford always found admirers, and
  • to Down House (EH88204590).     The portrait of Darwin may have seemed like a startling
  • of the University, Thomas Fowler, noted at the unveiling of Darwins statue, the intellectual
  • from William Darwin to his father Charles Darwin, 10 July [1878], in The Correspondence of Charles
  • in 1893’ (London and Orpington: George Allen, 1893). Francis Darwin and A.C. Seward (eds), More

3.17 Lock and Whitfield, 'Men of Mark'

Summary

< Back to Introduction The ambitious series of photographs of Men of Mark, published by the firm of Lock and Whitfield between 1876 and 1883, was a successor to similar sets which had appeared in the 1850s and 1860s. This one was distinguished by its…

Matches: 11 hits

  • monthly parts, as well as in the bound volumes.   Darwin appears at the end of the third
  • … . Thus more space is given in Thompson Coopers text to Darwins lineage, adventurous early life, …
  • the difference between commercial studio photographs of Darwin and the more subjective and
  • at Cambridge in 1909.   Like other photographs of Darwin, however, this one continued to be
  • It appeared as acabinetcard ofThe late Charles Darwin’, copyrighted by the art and print
  • celebrities. It formed the frontispiece to the booklet on Darwin in the series of Little Journeys
  • … – rendered so as to look like a spontaneous sketch, with Darwins earnest expression complementing
  • Monthly ; the editor, in a brief survey ofPortraits of Darwin’, suggested, ‘It gives perhaps a
  • 1877-8 
 computer-readable date 1877-01-01 to 1878-12-31 
 medium and material
  • … (London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington, 1878), no. 36. Lithographic vignette by Jan
  • and pp. 334-5, 413. Anon. [Geoffrey Belknap], ‘Darwins Photographic Portraitsat the Darwin
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