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Darwin’s study of the Cirripedia
Summary
Darwin’s work on barnacles, conducted between 1846 and 1854, has long posed problems for historians. Coming between his transmutation notebooks and the Origin of species, it has frequently been interpreted as a digression from Darwin’s species work. Yet…
Matches: 25 hits
- … Darwin’s work on barnacles, conducted between 1846 and 1854, has long posed …
- … , it has frequently been interpreted as a digression from Darwin’s species work. Yet when this study …
- … anomalous. Moreover, as the letters in this volume suggest, Darwin’s study of cirripedes, far from …
- … classification using the most recent methods available, Darwin was able to provide a thorough …
- … his views on the species question (Crisp 1983). Darwin’s interest in invertebrate zoology …
- … Robert Edmond Grant. In his Autobiography (pp. 49–50), Darwin recalled: ‘Drs. Grant and …
- … numerous references to the ova of various invertebrates, and Darwin’s first scientific paper, …
- … marine organisms was exercised during the Beagle voyage. Darwin expressed his current enthusiasm …
- … earlier researches in Edinburgh on the ova of invertebrates, Darwin was particularly well prepared …
- … In 1835, in the Chonos Archipelago off the coast of Chile, Darwin found ‘most curious’ minute …
- … In the zoological notes made during the Beagle voyage, Darwin recorded: ‘The thick shell of some …
- … the absence of a shell and its unusual parasitic nature, Darwin recognised that it differed greatly …
- … such questions as yours,—whether number of species &c &c should enter as an element in …
- … from common stocks— In this view all relations of analogy &c &c &, consist of those …
- … metamorphoses, as we shall see presently in Hippoboscus &c states that in Crust, antennæ & …
- … 1852) or elevating it to a separate class altogether (R. Owen 1855). Milne-Edwards and Owen also …
- … as a distinct class between the Crustacea and the Annelida (R. Owen 1855).^7^ Darwin, however, with …
- … of the common barnacles (the Lepadidae and Balanidae) in 1853. Upon dissecting Alcippe and …
- … of Balanus , in a letter to Hooker on 25 September [1853] ( Correspondence vol. 5), Darwin …
- … spirits Every cirriped that I dissect I preserve the jaws &c. &c. in this manner, which …
- … received the Royal Medal of the Royal Society of London in 1853, even before completing the second …
- … vol. 5, letter from J. D. Hooker, [4 November 1853] ), Hooker wrote: ‘The RS. have voted you the …
- … printed in the Proceedings of the Royal Society 6 (1853): 355–6, mentioned both Coral reefs …
- … conception of archetype in a letter to Huxley, 23 April [1853] ( Correspondence vol. 5), …
- … CD’s specimen has remained unique. (The editors thank Drs R. W. Ingle and G. Boxshall of the British …
Scientific Practice
Summary
Specialism|Experiment|Microscopes|Collecting|Theory Letter writing is often seen as a part of scientific communication, rather than as integral to knowledge making. This section shows how correspondence could help to shape the practice of science, from…
Matches: 5 hits
- … the work of collecting, and the construction of theory. Darwin was not simply a gentleman naturalist …
- … of the most advanced laboratory methods and equipment. Darwin used letters as a speculative space, …
- … Specialism and Detail Darwin is usually thought of as a gentleman naturalist and a …
- … across and drew together different fields of knowledge. But Darwin also made substantial …
- … discussion was often the starting point for some of Darwin's most valuable and enduring …
Darwin’s reading notebooks
Summary
In April 1838, Darwin began recording the titles of books he had read and the books he wished to read in Notebook C (Notebooks, pp. 319–28). In 1839, these lists were copied and continued in separate notebooks. The first of these reading notebooks (DAR 119…
Matches: 22 hits
- … In April 1838, Darwin began recording the titles of books he had read and the books he wished to …
- … (DAR 119) opens with five pages of text copied from Notebook C and carries on through 1851; the …
- … used these notebooks extensively in dating and annotating Darwin’s letters; the full transcript …
- … *128). For clarity, the transcript does not record Darwin’s alterations. The spelling and …
- … book had been consulted. Those cases where it appears that Darwin made a genuine deletion have been …
- … a few instances, primarily in the ‘Books Read’ sections, Darwin recorded that a work had been …
- … of the books listed in the other two notebooks. Sometimes Darwin recorded that an abstract of the …
- … own. Soon after beginning his first reading notebook, Darwin began to separate the scientific …
- … the second reading notebook. Readers primarily interested in Darwin’s scientific reading, therefore, …
- … to be Read [DAR *119: Inside Front Cover] C. Darwin June 1 st . 1838 …
- … [DAR *119: 2v.] White’s regular gradation in man [C. White 1799] Lindley’s …
- … 8 vo p 181 [Latreille 1819]. see p. 17 Note Book C. for reference to authors about E. Indian …
- … in brutes Blackwood June 1838 [J. F. Ferrie 1838]. H. C. Watson on Geog. distrib: of Brit: …
- … Wiegman has pub. German pamphlet on crossing oats &c [Wiegmann 1828] Horticultural …
- … in Library of Hort. Soc. [DAR *119:5v.] M c .Neil 16 has written good article …
- … [Fellows 1839] Catherine 48 Life of Collins R.A. [Collins 1848] Phases of Faith …
- … Martineau [H. Martineau 1837] Layards Babylon [Layard 1853] Vol. V of Campbells …
- … Land [Twamley 1852] Life of T. Moore [?T. Moore 1853–6] have read vol III. Mundy’s …
- … 1848. Memoirs of the life of William Collins, Esq., R.A. 2 vols. London. *119: 23; 119: …
- … by Richard Owen. Vol. 4 of The works of John Hunter, F.R.S. with notes . Edited by James F. …
- … Robert. 1843. Memoirs of the life of John Constable, R.A., composed chiefly of his letters. …
- … Peacock, George. 1855. Life of Thomas Young, M.D., F.R.S. London. *128: 172; 128: 21 …
Yokcushlu (Fuegia Basket)
Summary
Yokcushlu was one of the Alakaluf, or canoe people from the western part of Tierra del Fuego. She was one of the hostages seized by Robert FitzRoy, captain of HMS Beagle, after the small boat used for surveying the narrow inlets of the coast of Tierra del…
Matches: 8 hits
- … even though she appeared to like Orundellico better. Darwin thought Yokcushlu a modest girl of quick …
- … Orundellico had received in England may have heightened Darwin’s shocked reaction to his first …
- … hearing a report of one such encounter with a sealing ship, Darwin expressed his concern. ‘Without a …
- … bears a double interpretation) some days on board’ (Darwin 1845, p. 228 n.). Joseph Dalton Hooker …
- … about Yokcushlu was also shared with Simms Covington in 1853 . Yokcushlu was next heard of …
- … with the Yamana people of Cape Horn, before and after Darwin. Cambridge: Cambridge University …
- … Button. London: Hodder and Stoughton. Darwin, C. R. 1845. Journal of researches into the …
- … Beagle round the world, under the Command of Capt. Fitz Roy, R.N. 2d edition. London: John Murray. …
Science, Work and Manliness
Summary
Discussion Questions|Letters In 1859, popular didactic writer William Landels published the first edition of what proved to be one of his best-selling works, How Men Are Made. "It is by work, work, work" he told his middle class audience, …
Matches: 10 hits
- … In describing what they did using the language of labour, Darwin and his male colleagues asserted …
- … 1. Which elements of the scientific process do Darwin and his male correspondents tend to …
- … another's scientific work? How does this differ from how Darwin praised women's work ? …
- … Letters Letter 282 - Darwin to Fox, W. D., [9 - 12 August 1835] Darwin …
- … thinking and hammering”. Letter 1533 - Darwin to Dana, J. D., [27 September 1853] …
- … the labour bestowed on it are “really surprising” and Darwin hopes that Dana’s health withstood the …
- … labour and patience”. Letter 4262 - Darwin to Gray, A., [4 August 1863] Darwin …
- … which was “no slight labour”. Letter 3901 - Darwin to Falconer, H., [5 & 6 January …
- … worked out paper on which Falconer has worked very hard. Darwin hopes that Falconer’s extreme labour …
- … investigation as a physical and laborious process, he envies Darwin and other “hard working …
Religion
Summary
Design|Personal Belief|Beauty|The Church Perhaps the most notorious realm of controversy over evolution in Darwin's day was religion. The same can be said of the evolution controversy today; however the nature of the disputes and the manner in…
Matches: 10 hits
- … the most notorious realm of controversy over evolution in Darwin's day was religion. The same …
- … nineteenth century were different in important ways. Many of Darwin's leading supporters were …
- … their religious beliefs with evolutionary theory. Darwin's own writing, both in print and …
- … much as possible. A number of correspondents tried to draw Darwin out on his own religious views, …
- … political contexts. Design Darwin was not the first to challenge …
- … on the controversial topic of design. The first is between Darwin and Harvard botanist Asa Gray, …
- … Origin . The second is a single letter from naturalist A. R. Wallace to Darwin on design and …
- … Darwin and Wallace Letter 5140 — Wallace, A. R. to Darwin, C. R., 2 July 1866 …
- … Darwin and Graham Letter 13230 — Darwin, C. R. to Graham, William, 3 July 1881 …
- … 1536 — Darwin, C. R. to Lubbock, J. W. (b), 11 Oct [1853] Darwin gives his opinion to Sir …
Darwin in letters, 1851-1855: Death of a daughter
Summary
The letters from these years reveal the main preoccupations of Darwin’s life with a new intensity. The period opens with a family tragedy in the death of Darwin’s oldest and favourite daughter, Anne, and it shows how, weary and mourning his dead child,…
Matches: 21 hits
- … letters from these years reveal the main preoccupations of Darwin’s life with a new intensity. The …
- … life but I trust happy The anguish felt by Darwin is painfully expressed in letters …
- … speak of her again. Yet the family gradually recovered, Darwin’s monographs were printed, and Darwin …
- … to the cirripedes. Before turning to his species work, Darwin somewhat ruefully recorded in his …
- … monographs by natural history societies, though welcomed by Darwin, did not run smoothly. …
- … public recognition of his scientific achievements when, in 1853, he was awarded a Royal Medal by the …
- … the Correspondence describes the major achievements of Darwin’s cirripede work as a whole and …
- … societies, which were supported by subscriptions, was that Darwin’s volumes were not publicly …
- … in Germany at the forefront of work in invertebrate zoology, Darwin began a correspondence with …
- … provided the foundations for a relationship with Darwin that soon developed into a valued friendship …
- … April 1854, when his cirripede study was drawing to a close, Darwin re-entered London scientific …
- … with lots of claret is what I want Perhaps Darwin’s decision to take a more active …
- … to substantiate it is manifest in the correspondence. Darwin’s friends and colleagues were …
- … outspoken young naturalists like Huxley, reacted eagerly to Darwin’s suggestions, although not …
- … for the geographical distribution of animals and plants. Darwin began a series of researches on the …
- … with the effects of known changes in climate and geology. Darwin boldly rejected the popular idea of …
- … Some of the most interesting letters in this volume set out Darwin’s practical researches and …
- … Variation and extinction The other main focus of Darwin’s research centred on determining the …
- … seeds and bees An interest in variation naturally led Darwin to study the works of plant …
- … views concerning decreased fertility of hybrids, Darwin began in the spring of 1855 a series of …
- … classification Hybridism, domestic animals & plants &c &c &c) to see how far they …
Before Origin: the ‘big book’
Summary
Darwin began ‘sorting notes for Species Theory’ on 9 September 1854, the very day he concluded his eight-year study of barnacles (Darwin's Journal). He had long considered the question of species. In 1842, he outlined a theory of transmutation in a…
Matches: 21 hits
- … Darwin began ‘sorting notes for Species Theory’ on 9 September 1854, the …
- … day he concluded his eight-year study of barnacles ( Darwin's Journal ). He had long …
- … to paper in a more substantial essay. By this point, Darwin had also admitted to his close friend …
- … he acknowledged, ‘ like confessing a murder ’. While Darwin recognised he had far more work to do …
- … reaction to the transmutation theory it contained convinced Darwin that further evidence for the …
- … of Vestiges to him. It took another ten years before Darwin felt ready to start collating his …
- … six months before he started sorting his species notes, Darwin had worried that the process would …
- … I shall feel, if I when I get my notes together on species &c &c, the whole thing explodes …
- … immutability of species ’, he told his cousin William Darwin Fox. Experimental work …
- … set up to provide crucial evidence for his arguments. Fox, Darwin assumed, would have bred pigeons …
- … intensely bred to exaggerate particular characters, would, Darwin believed, clearly exhibit the …
- … amusement’ and be a ‘ horrid bore ’. Contrary to Darwin’s expectations, however, the pigeon …
- … Henrietta . In April 1855, at the same time as Darwin began his pigeon breeding programme, …
- … Hoping to benefit from Hooker’s botanical expertise, Darwin inquired: ‘ will you tell me at a …
- … land bridges suggested by the naturalist Edward Forbes. Darwin declared to Hooker in July 1856 ‘y …
- … to me, & yet I cannot honestly admit the doctrine ’. Darwin thought Forbes’ hypothesis ‘ an …
- … of untying it. ’ Persuading men of science Darwin’s patient untying of the knot of …
- … geograph. distribution, geological history—affinities &c &c &c.. And it seems to me, …
- … about the permanence of species.— By 1857, Darwin had found the confidence to describe his …
- … of fellow naturalists. Gray’s response was everything Darwin must have hoped for. Stating that his …
- … and a half chapters were edited and published in 1975 by R. C. Stauffer under the title Charles …
Darwin’s hothouse and lists of hothouse plants
Summary
Darwin became increasingly involved in botanical experiments in the years after the publication of Origin. The building of a small hothouse - a heated greenhouse - early in 1863 greatly increased the range of plants that he could keep for scientific…
Matches: 26 hits
- … Towards the end of 1862, Darwin resolved to build a small hothouse at Down House, for ‘experimental …
- … hothouse early in 1863 marked something of a milestone in Darwin’s botanical work, since it greatly …
- … vol. 5, letter to J. D. Hooker, 19 April [1855] ). Darwin became increasingly involved in …
- … Though his greenhouse was probably heated to some extent, Darwin found himself on several occasions …
- … make observations and even experiments on his behalf. Darwin’s decision to build a hothouse …
- … Hooker, 12 [December 1862] and n. 13). Initially, Darwin purchased for this purpose a glass …
- … of 24 December [1862] ( Correspondence vol. 10) Darwin told Hooker: I have …
- … Encyclopedia of gardening (Loudon 1835), a copy of which Darwin signed in 1841 (see the copy in …
- … of heat’ (p. 1100). The latter was the sense in which Darwin used the word. The building of …
- … accounts (Down House MS)). When it was completed, Darwin told Turnbull that without Horwood’s aid he …
- … ). Even before work on the hothouse started, however, Darwin began making preparations to …
- … plants’ (letter to J. D. Hooker, 13 January [1863] ). Darwin apparently refers to the catalogues …
- … whom he had dealt over many years. In his letter to Hooker, Darwin mentioned that he hoped to be …
- … (letter from J. D. Hooker, [15 January 1863] ). Darwin agreed to send Hooker his list of …
- … (letter to J. D. Hooker, 30 January [1863] ). Darwin probably gave his list of plants to …
- … [1863] ). On 20 February, the plants from Kew had arrived. Darwin was delighted, telling Hooker: ‘I …
- … moss, peat, and charcoal (see the letter from Henrietta Emma Darwin to William Erasmus Darwin, [22 …
- … (see letter from J. D. Hooker, [6 March 1863] ). Darwin derived enormous pleasure from his …
- … (letter to J. D. Hooker, 24[–5] February [1863] ). Darwin’s aesthetic appreciation of the …
- … continuing: ‘Do you not think you ought to be sent with M r Gower to the Police Court?’ (William …
- … had ‘4 houses of different temperatures’ (letter to W. C. Tait, 12 and 16 March [1869] , …
- … which he received in mid-February (see letter from L. C. Treviranus, 12 February 1863 ). …
- … or orders listed. Corrected spellings are taken from Lindley 1853, Index Kewensis , the Gray …
- … The reference is to James Bateman, an orchid specialist (R. Desmond 1994). 17. Stylidium …
- … C. hæmatostigma. …
- … Cyanophyllum magnificum M r Low 29 | of Melastomaceæ …
Darwin’s observations on his children
Summary
Charles Darwin’s observations on the development of his children, began the research that culminated in his book The Expression of the emotions in man and animals, published in 1872, and his article ‘A biographical sketch of an infant’, published in Mind…
Matches: 25 hits
- … Charles Darwin’s observations on the development of his children,[1] began the …
- … is available below . As with much of his other work, Darwin gathered additional information on the …
- … lunatics, the blind, and animals. And as early as 1839 Darwin had begun to collect information on …
- … the expression of emotions. As the following transcript of Darwin’s notes reveals, he closely …
- … William Erasmus, the stages of his development suggesting to Darwin those expressions which are …
- … The tone of the manuscript reflects an aspect of Darwin’s character clearly perceived by Emma during …
- … “What does that prove”.’[6] For in these notes, Darwin’s deep scientific curiosity transcends his …
- … that on occasion he refers to William as ‘it’. Darwin possessed the ability to dissociate …
- … memories.[8] Yet, though the dissociation was essential for Darwin’s scientific goal, the notes here …
- … the record breaks off until January 1852, by which time the Darwin family had increased by five: …
- … the onset of frowning, smiling, etc., as was the focus of Darwin’s attention on William and Anne, …
- … of logical thought and language. On 20 May 1854, Darwin again took over the notebook and, …
- … all the notes until July 1856, when the observations ceased. Darwin’s later entries, like Emma’s, …
- … Transcription: 1 [9] W. Erasmus. Darwin born. Dec. 27 th . 1839.—[10] During first week. …
- … of muscles, without a corresponding sensation. D r . Holland[12] informs me children do not …
- … trowsers. Emma one morning put on an unconspicuous bonnet of C. Langton,[52] W. instantly observed …
- … she added an s to the end of every word “Ettis & Bettis &c afterwards all the ws were turned …
- … goed dawn to the willage”. Fish for Smith. Kaw for cow. &c. Lenny[61] 2 years old speaks …
- … any thing with my egg. Miss Th. Shall I cut up y r meat? L. I don’t care whether you do or …
- … “But I could not help it”— I said “Lenny you c d help it, don’t say that”. “I could not help it a …
- … written in pencil by CD and subsequently overwritten by Emma Darwin. The transcription throughout …
- … [15] ‘Annie . . . fortnight’ was written by Emma Darwin on the verso of page 3 and opposite the …
- … The name and address of a Mrs Locke are noted in Emma Darwin’s 1843 diary. [16] The following …
- … to be in the same hand. One such entry, made on 22 July 1853, the last of a series of similarly …
- … Darwin family stayed in Eastbourne from 14 July to 4 August 1853 (de Beer ed. 1959a, p. 13). …
People featured in the Dutch photograph album
Summary
Here is a list of people that appeared in the photograph album Darwin received for his birthday on 12 February 1877 from scientific admirers in the Netherlands. Many thanks to Hester Loeff for identifying and researching them. No. …
Matches: 1 hits
- … list of people that appeared in the photograph album Darwin received for his birthday on 12 …
People featured in the Dutch photograph album
Summary
List of people appearing in the photograph album Darwin received from scientific admirers in the Netherlands for his birthday on 12 February 1877. We are grateful to Hester Loeff for providing this list and for permission to make her research available.…
