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Darwin in letters, 1847-1850: Microscopes and barnacles
Summary
Darwin's study of barnacles, begun in 1844, took him eight years to complete. The correspondence reveals how his interest in a species found during the Beagle voyage developed into an investigation of the comparative anatomy of other cirripedes and…
Matches: 24 hits
- … Species theory In November 1845, Charles Darwin wrote to his friend and confidant Joseph …
- … vol. 3, letter to J. D. Hooker, [5 or 12 November 1845] ). In the event, the ‘little zoology’ …
- … and Fossil Cirripedia (1851, 1854). What led Darwin to engage in this work when he was …
- … group. Light is shed on the close relationship between Darwin’s systematic descriptive work and the …
- … often frustrating taxonomical maze. Throughout these years, Darwin was also struggling with a …
- … explained in detail in letters to friends and relatives, Darwin felt sufficiently restored in health …
- … Nevertheless, it is evident from his correspondence that Darwin’s two hours at the microscope did …
- … Phillips, and Daniel Sharpe, demonstrating the extent of Darwin’s continued involvement in …
- … and naturalists, most notably James Dwight Dana, Henry Darwin Rogers, and Bernhard Studer, and the …
- … In the midst of all this activity, Hooker responds to Darwin’s particular queries and sends …
- … British government in scientific research during the period. Darwin also contributed to these …
- … scientific work of naval officers and travellers in general. Darwin was asked by the editor, Sir …
- … to J. F. W. Herschel, 4 February [1848] ). Letters between Darwin and Richard Owen, author of the …
- … zoology between them. Owen included in his chapter notes by Darwin on the use of microscopes on …
- … the leading questions and wide views spelt out by Darwin in the Admiralty Manual are also those …
- … Inverness, in which he maintained that the terraces, which Darwin believed to be of marine origin, …
- … of Glen Roy had produced a lake and the consequent beaches. Darwin carefully re-examined his own …
- … editor of the Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal , Darwin asked for it to be destroyed. Only the …
- … ). Other letters to colleagues at this time indicate that Darwin was beginning to feel that the Glen …
- … 8 [September 1847] ). The second geological theory Darwin felt the need to defend had to do …
- … that only a great rush of water could carry them up hills. Darwin’s response was to explain such …
- … rocks and foliation in metamorphic rocks, on the other. Darwin maintained that cleavage was the …
- … to convince other prominent geologists, among them Lyell, so Darwin was keenly interested in what …
- … by the substantial sum that had been placed in trust for Emma Darwin when she married. The accounts …
Darwin in letters, 1844–1846: Building a scientific network
Summary
The scientific results of the Beagle voyage still dominated Darwin's working life, but he broadened his continuing investigations into the nature and origin of species. Far from being a recluse, Darwin was at the heart of British scientific society,…
Matches: 25 hits
- … results of the Beagle voyage still dominated Darwin's working life, but throughout these …
- … species and varieties. In contrast to the received image of Darwin as a recluse in Down, the letters …
- … Down House was altered and extended to accommodate Darwin’s growing family and the many relatives …
- … The geological publications In these years, Darwin published two books on geology, Volcanic …
- … his Journal of researches for a second edition in 1845, having already provided corrections in …
- … vice-presidents in 1844 and remaining on the council from 1845 onwards; he was a conscientious …
- … papers for all these organisations. Between 1844 and 1846 Darwin himself wrote ten papers, six of …
- … 2, letter to A. Y. Spearman, 9 October 1843, n. 1). Darwin's inner circle: first …
- … not (it is like confessing a murder) immutable Darwin’s earlier scientific friendships …
- … friends, with the addition of Hooker, were important to Darwin for—among other things—they were the …
- … scientific issues that arose out of his work on species. Darwin discussed his ideas on species …
- … Only two months after their first exchange, early in 1844, Darwin told Hooker that he was engaged in …
- … correspondence that his close friends were not outraged by Darwin’s heterodox opinions and later in …
- … But although eager for the views of informed colleagues, Darwin was naturally protective of his …
- … vol. 4, letter to J. D. Hooker, 8 [February 1847]). Darwin can be seen as a cautious strategist, …
- … attacked the work vehemently in the Edinburgh Review (1845), while other colleagues like Edward …
- … candidate, known to be working on species and varieties, was Darwin himself: as he told his cousin …
- … the book to him. But, as his letters to Hooker show, Darwin carefully considered and then rejected …
- … Perhaps the most interesting letter relating to Darwin’s species theory, which also bears on his …
- … who would undertake to see the work through the press. Darwin also listed possible editors: at first …
- … his intention to publish his theory. His instructions to Emma may, perhaps, as some scholars have …
- … of his Journal of researches for a second edition in 1845. At Lyell’s recommendation, …
- … the original publisher, to John Murray, and throughout 1845 Darwin worked hard to provide manuscript …
- … on board the Beagle back to Tierra del Fuego. By 1845, Darwin was in full command of a …
- … Distribution’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, [10 February 1845] ) and quick to make use of the young …
Darwin and Fatherhood
Summary
Charles Darwin married Emma Wedgwood in 1839 and over the next seventeen years the couple had ten children. It is often assumed that Darwin was an exceptional Victorian father. But how extraordinary was he? The Correspondence Project allows an unusually…
Matches: 14 hits
- … Charles Darwin married Emma Wedgwood in 1839 and over the next seventeen years the couple had ten …
- … an unusually large number of letters sent by members of the Darwin family to be studied. However, in …
- … required them to work long hours away from their family. Darwin was unusual in being able to pursue …
- … this part of Kent as ‘extraordinarily rural & quiet’ (Darwin to his sister Catherine, [24 July …
- … left their children in the care of servants in the country. Darwin frequently expressed regrets that …
- … meetings and social events in the capital. As a result, Darwin rarely spent a day without the …
- … they employed eight servants including two nursery maids. Emma actively supervised and assisted with …
- … ‘visits’ to see their father when he was working (Darwin to his wife Emma, [7-8 February 1845] ). …
- … children’s development in diaries and letters. However, Darwin was unusual for the systematic …
- … was far more typical of mid-nineteenth-century fathers was Darwin’s intense involvement in his …
- … to incessant anxiety & movement on account of Etty.’ (Darwin to W. D. Fox, 18 October [1860] …
- … (Darwin to W. D. Fox, 10 October [1850] ) as he and Emma tried to choose suitable schools and …
- … children in letters to friends, and the choices that he and Emma made were deliberately conventional …
- … the age of twenty-six. This meant that in old age Darwin and Emma continued to share Down House with …
Darwin’s hothouse and lists of hothouse plants
Summary
Darwin became increasingly involved in botanical experiments in the years after the publication of Origin. The building of a small hothouse - a heated greenhouse - early in 1863 greatly increased the range of plants that he could keep for scientific…
Matches: 23 hits
- … Towards the end of 1862, Darwin resolved to build a small hothouse at Down House, for ‘experimental …
- … hothouse early in 1863 marked something of a milestone in Darwin’s botanical work, since it greatly …
- … vol. 5, letter to J. D. Hooker, 19 April [1855] ). Darwin became increasingly involved in …
- … Though his greenhouse was probably heated to some extent, Darwin found himself on several occasions …
- … make observations and even experiments on his behalf. Darwin’s decision to build a hothouse …
- … Hooker, 12 [December 1862] and n. 13). Initially, Darwin purchased for this purpose a glass …
- … of 24 December [1862] ( Correspondence vol. 10) Darwin told Hooker: I have …
- … Encyclopedia of gardening (Loudon 1835), a copy of which Darwin signed in 1841 (see the copy in …
- … of heat’ (p. 1100). The latter was the sense in which Darwin used the word. The building of …
- … accounts (Down House MS)). When it was completed, Darwin told Turnbull that without Horwood’s aid he …
- … ). Even before work on the hothouse started, however, Darwin began making preparations to …
- … plants’ (letter to J. D. Hooker, 13 January [1863] ). Darwin apparently refers to the catalogues …
- … whom he had dealt over many years. In his letter to Hooker, Darwin mentioned that he hoped to be …
- … (letter from J. D. Hooker, [15 January 1863] ). Darwin agreed to send Hooker his list of …
- … (letter to J. D. Hooker, 30 January [1863] ). Darwin probably gave his list of plants to …
- … [1863] ). On 20 February, the plants from Kew had arrived. Darwin was delighted, telling Hooker: ‘I …
- … of moss, peat, and charcoal (see the letter from Henrietta Emma Darwin to William Erasmus Darwin, …
- … (see letter from J. D. Hooker, [6 March 1863] ). Darwin derived enormous pleasure from his …
- … (letter to J. D. Hooker, 24[–5] February [1863] ). Darwin’s aesthetic appreciation of the …
- … the tropics. Even before he left on the Beagle voyage, Darwin used the hothouses in the …
- … (see Correspondence vol. 1, letter to Caroline Darwin, [28 April 1831] ), and when, on the …
- … again’ ( Correspondence vol. 1, letter to Catherine Darwin, May–June [1832] ). Years later, …
- … vol. 3, letter to Charles Lyell, 8 October [1845] ). Having indulged his senses, Darwin …
Darwin’s reading notebooks
Summary
In April 1838, Darwin began recording the titles of books he had read and the books he wished to read in Notebook C (Notebooks, pp. 319–28). In 1839, these lists were copied and continued in separate notebooks. The first of these reading notebooks (DAR 119…
Matches: 26 hits
- … In April 1838, Darwin began recording the titles of books he had read and the books he wished …
- … used these notebooks extensively in dating and annotating Darwin’s letters; the full transcript …
- … *128). For clarity, the transcript does not record Darwin’s alterations. The spelling and …
- … book had been consulted. Those cases where it appears that Darwin made a genuine deletion have been …
- … a few instances, primarily in the ‘Books Read’ sections, Darwin recorded that a work had been …
- … of the books listed in the other two notebooks. Sometimes Darwin recorded that an abstract of the …
- … own. Soon after beginning his first reading notebook, Darwin began to separate the scientific …
- … the second reading notebook. Readers primarily interested in Darwin’s scientific reading, therefore, …
- … editors’ identification of the book or article to which Darwin refers. A full list of these works is …
- … page number (or numbers, as the case may be) on which Darwin’s entry is to be found. The …
- … on Instinct [F. G. Cuvier 1822] read Flourens Edit [Flourens 1845] read L. Jenyns paper on …
- … 1834–9] Carlyles Oliver Cromwell [Carlyle 1845] (read) Keppells(?) voyage to Borneo …
- … Exploring Expedition towards the Rocky Mountains [Frémont 1845]. (amusing extracts). perhaps for …
- … America by A. Downing Wiley & Putnam. 14 s . [Downing 1845] (Brit. Museum) (read) good …
- … [DAR *119: 22] Eyeres Travels [E. J. Eyre 1845] very amusing Tschudi’s Travels in …
- … Campbells Lives of Chancellors [J. Campbell 1845–7] last vol. Ludlows Memoirs …
- … 1833] (Boot) Leslie life of Constable [Leslie 1843]. (Emma) (read) M rs Fry’s Life …
- … Murchisons Russia [Murchison, Verneuil, and Keyserling 1845] (read) Agassiz’s Works …
- … Wilkes Expedition. £ 3. 3 s [Wilkes 1845] order at L. Library. read Botanical Soc. of …
- … Public Library. 3 ‘Books … Read’ is in Emma Darwin’s hand. 4 “”Traité …
- … 6 The text from page [1v.] to page [6] is in Emma Darwin’s hand and was copied from Notebook C, …
- … to old Aristotle.’ ( LL 3: 252). 10 Emma Darwin wrote ‘7 th ’ instead of “3 d “ …
- … 12 A mistranscription for ‘Entozoa’ by Emma Darwin. See Notebook C, p. 266 ( Notebooks ). …
- … wrote ‘Transact’ to replace ‘Journal’ written in Emma Darwin’s hand. 16 Emma Darwin …
- … The text from page [1a] to half way down page [5a] is in Emma Darwin’s hand and is a copy of CD’s …
- … in ink by CD. 73 This entry was written by Emma Darwin. 74 “8 … …
Darwin’s observations on his children
Summary
Charles Darwin’s observations on the development of his children, began the research that culminated in his book The Expression of the emotions in man and animals, published in 1872, and his article ‘A biographical sketch of an infant’, published in Mind…
Matches: 23 hits
- … Charles Darwin’s observations on the development of his children,[1] began the …
- … is available below . As with much of his other work, Darwin gathered additional information on the …
- … lunatics, the blind, and animals. And as early as 1839 Darwin had begun to collect information on …
- … the expression of emotions. As the following transcript of Darwin’s notes reveals, he closely …
- … William Erasmus, the stages of his development suggesting to Darwin those expressions which are …
- … The tone of the manuscript reflects an aspect of Darwin’s character clearly perceived by Emma during …
- … “What does that prove”.’[6] For in these notes, Darwin’s deep scientific curiosity transcends his …
- … that on occasion he refers to William as ‘it’. Darwin possessed the ability to dissociate …
- … memories.[8] Yet, though the dissociation was essential for Darwin’s scientific goal, the notes here …
- … period but in far less detail. By September 1844, Henrietta Emma was one year old, and there are a …
- … the record breaks off until January 1852, by which time the Darwin family had increased by five: …
- … 1850; and Horace, born 18 May 1851. It appears to have been Emma who resumed the observations on the …
- … of logical thought and language. On 20 May 1854, Darwin again took over the notebook and, …
- … certainly during first fortnight at sudden sounds. & at Emma’s moving 3 [11] When …
- … & inwards as in sleep.[14] Six weeks old & 3 days, Emma saw him smile—not only with …
- … his eyes becoming fixed & the movements of his arms ceasing. Emma argues that his smiles were …
- … made in the little noises he was uttering that he recognized Emma by sight when she came close to …
- … been caused by the novelty of the situation producing fear. Emma thinks that when he was vaccinated …
- … whole expression appearing pleased.— Recognizes Emma Anne & myself perfectly— does not find …
- … Lady” were repeated.— 26 th . Cried, when Emma left off playing the pianoforte.— Did this …
- … Anny says Papa pretty clearly—[40] A few days ago Emma gave her doll, but she sensibly shuddered, …
- … to play with in farther part of room, she immediately led Emma by the hand towards the tea-chest. I …
- … her familiar name. [64] George Howard Darwin, born 1845. [65] Joseph Parslow, butler …
Darwin in letters, 1837–1843: The London years to 'natural selection'
Summary
The seven-year period following Darwin's return to England from the Beagle voyage was one of extraordinary activity and productivity in which he became recognised as a naturalist of outstanding ability, as an author and editor, and as a professional…
Matches: 27 hits
- … The seven-year period following Darwin's return to England from the Beagle voyage was one …
- … a family Busy as he was with scientific activities, Darwin found time to re-establish family …
- … close contact. In November 1838, two years after his return, Darwin became engaged to his cousin, …
- … daughter, Anne Elizabeth, moved to Down House in Kent, where Darwin was to spend the rest of his …
- … his greatest theoretical achievement, the most important of Darwin’s activities during the years …
- … identifications of his bird and fossil mammal specimens, Darwin arrived at the daring and momentous …
- … in species. With this new theoretical point of departure Darwin continued to make notes and explore …
- … present in the version of 1859. Young author Darwin’s investigation of the species …
- … the Beagle had returned to England, news of some of Darwin’s findings had been spread by the …
- … great excitement. The fuller account of the voyage and Darwin’s discoveries was therefore eagerly …
- … suitable categories for individual experts to work upon, Darwin applied himself to the revision of …
- … of the surveying voyage of H.M.S. Adventure and Beagle. Darwin’s volume bore the title Journal …
- … visited by H.M.S. Beagle . Also in November 1837, Darwin read the fourth of a series of papers to …
- … to the Society of 9 March 1838), had been developed by Darwin from a suggestion made by his uncle, …
- … Sedgwick, [after 15 May 1838] ). The new research Darwin undertook after 1837 was an …
- … time, the parallel terraces, or ‘roads’, of Glen Roy. Darwin had seen similar formations on the …
- … roads of Glen Roy’, Collected papers 1: 88–137). Darwin later abandoned this view, calling it a …
- … contemporaneous unstratified deposits of South America”, Darwin continued to defend his and Lyell’s …
- … 1842, having heard of evidence of glaciation in North Wales, Darwin made a tour there in order to …
- … more satisfactorily than any alternative explanation. Darwin eventually relinquished this theory and …
- … the Beagle voyage In addition to his work on geology Darwin undertook to provide a …
- … and G. A. W. Arnott 1836, 1841; J. D. Hooker 1844–7, 1845, 1846, 1853–5, and 1860). In 1980, two …
- … (Simpson 1961, p. 53). Marriage Darwin married Emma Wedgwood in January 1839. His …
- … ( Correspondence vol. 2, Appendix III). The letters that Emma and Darwin subsequently exchanged …
- … correspondence is that Darwin had evidently communicated to Emma that he had doubts about religion, …
- … as she was, from marrying him. Just after their marriage, Emma states that she has the impression …
- … were no doubts as to how one ought to act’ ( Letter from Emma Darwin, [ c. February 1839] ). …