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Origin is 160; Darwin's 1875 letters now online
Summary
To mark the 160th anniversary of the publication of Origin of species, the full transcripts and footnotes of nearly 650 letters to and from Charles Darwin in 1875 are published online for the first time. You can read about Darwin's life in 1875…
Matches: 13 hits
- … To mark the 160th anniversary of the publication of Origin of species , the full transcripts and …
- … was surprisingly successful, given the technical nature of its content, going through three …
- … , also published in 1876. In April, he was busy in London, drafting and circulating a bill to …
- … radical bill, and in November he gave evidence before the Royal Commission that was set up to look …
- … Edwin Ray Lankester, who had been blackballed by the Linnean Society. John Burdon …
- … it behaved in similar ways to the Drosera secretion. In 1875, Klein was a very controversial …
- … I liked the man .’ Other highlights from the 1875 letters include: I am very …
- … of my books. ( Letter to R. F. Cooke, 29 June [1875] ) Darwin wrote this to his …
- … new Editions . ( Letter to J. D. Hooker, 18 August [1875] ) Darwin also completed …
- … would damage research in physiology, and spent a week in London organising his friends to submit a …
- … men, despite Ffinden’s opposition, and that a temperance society had been organised by a local …
- … Lyell. Lyell had helped to introduce Darwin to scientific society in London, had offered much …
- … a promising young zoologist, was blackballed by the Linnean Society of London. He spent another week …
Darwin in letters, 1875: Pulling strings
Summary
‘I am getting sick of insectivorous plants’, Darwin confessed in January 1875. He had worked on the subject intermittently since 1859, and had been steadily engaged on a book manuscript for nine months; January also saw the conclusion of a bitter dispute…
Matches: 22 hits
- … I am merely slaving over the sickening work of preparing new Editions Plants …
- … species, and botanical research had often been a source of personal satisfaction, providing relief …
- … on a book manuscript for some nine months. The pleasures of observation and experiment had given way …
- … was also revising another manuscript, the second edition of Climbing plants , which he hoped to …
- … with fresh enthusiasm to the new assistant director at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, William …
- … Edwin Ray Lankester, who was up for election to the Linnean Society. The ‘malcontents’ of the …
- … Mivart was a distinguished zoologist, a fellow of the Royal Society of London, and a secretary of …
- … respecting codes of conduct and communication in scientific society. Huxley chose journalism, …
- … mouthpiece of ‘Jesuitical Rome’ ( Academy , 2 January 1875, pp. 16–17). ‘How grandly you have …
- … Hooker was hampered by his position as president of the Royal Society from spurning Mivart in public …
- … again & again’ ( letter from J. D. Hooker, 16 January 1875 ). Darwin had also considered …
- … when the chance arose. On 28 January , he sent a note on Royal Society business to Edward Burnett …
- … opinion on vivisection, the government decided to appoint a Royal Commission to advise on future …
- … when performing a painful experiment ( Report of the Royal Commission on vivisection , p. 183). …
- … with Klein when his son Francis was studying medicine in London. Klein had assisted in some of …
- … carried out on live animals in laboratories. In January 1875, he received details of experiments by …
- … printing an additional 250 ( letter to John Murray, 3 May 1875 ). In the event, the book …
- … had been opened in the village, and a local temperance society had been established by a Down …
- … her large private collection. She tried to meet Darwin in London on several occasions and finally …
- … quickly: ‘I do not see how I could get a sort of living Royal Duke out of my house within the short …
- … been appointed professor of zoology at University College, London. Darwin learned about the …
- … had helped to introduce Darwin to scientific society in London, and offered much advice on his early …
Darwin and vivisection
Summary
Darwin played an important role in the controversy over vivisection that broke out in late 1874. Public debate was sparked when the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals brought an unsuccessful prosecution against a French physiologist who…
Matches: 21 hits
- … broke out in late 1874. Public debate was sparked when the Royal Society for the Prevention of …
- … prosecution was unsuccessful, but it gave rise to a series of campaigns to increase public awareness …
- … It called upon the RSPCA to investigate the nature and scope of vivisections performed in physiology …
- … Darwin was sympathetic to the cause, but found some of Cobbe’s rhetoric inflammatory, and he …
- … the Trichinae’ (letter to H. E. Litchfield, 4 January [1875] ). Darwin also worried that any bill …
- … their own petition (letter to T. H. Huxley, 14 January 1875 ). In the event, Darwin became …
- … within Darwin’s family. In his letter of 14 January 1875 to Huxley, Darwin mentioned the effect …
- … (letter from Emma Darwin to F. P. Cobbe, 14 January [1875] ). In the course of the public …
- … to Huxley (letter from J. S. Burdon Sanderson, 12 February 1875 ). Darwin was in London from 31 …
- … sketch for a petition (letter from T. H. Huxley, [4 April 1875] ). This was evidently passed back …
- … on 7 April (letter from J. S. Burdon Sanderson, 7 April [1875] ), and circulating it to others in …
- … were made (letter from J. S. Burdon Sanderson, 10 April 1875 ), and another version was prepared …
- … was approved by Huxley, Burdon Sanderson, and John Simon, a London pathologist and public health …
- … Dalton Hooker requesting his approval as president of the Royal Society of London (letter to J. D. …
- … a lengthy paragraph on the treatment of animals in human society, the pain and death they suffered …
- … to make an experiment on a live animal … ( Report of the Royal Commission on vivisection , …
- … Lyon Playfair, 27 May 1875 ). In his testimony before the Royal Commission (see below), Darwin …
- … on a living vertebrate animal ( Report of the Royal Commission on vivisection , Appendix III, pp. …
- … home secretary, Richard Cross, announced on 24 May that a Royal Commission would be appointed to …
- … Debates , 3d ser., vol. 224 (1875), col. 794). A Royal Commission was a standard governmental …
- … quoted in the committee’s final summary ( Report of the Royal Commission on vivisection , p. x), …
Darwin’s reading notebooks
Summary
In April 1838, Darwin began recording the titles of books he had read and the books he wished to read in Notebook C (Notebooks, pp. 319–28). In 1839, these lists were copied and continued in separate notebooks. The first of these reading notebooks (DAR 119…
Matches: 17 hits
- … In April 1838, Darwin began recording the titles of books he had read and the books he wished to …
- … were copied and continued in separate notebooks. The first of these reading notebooks (DAR 119) …
- … a few odd entries, the record ends. Both notebooks consist of two different sections, headed ‘Books …
- … Darwin’s copy of the catalogue of scientific books in the Royal Society of London (Royal Society of …
- … scientific books in Darwin’s library were catalogued in 1875, and this manuscript catalogue is in …
- … Library 1 Cambridge. Library 2 Royal Coll of Surgeons [DAR *119: 1] …
- … on the Horse in N. America— [Harlan 1835] Owen has it. & Royal Soc Lord Brougham Dissert. …
- … Transact 15 [ Transactions of the Horticultural Society ] Mr Coxe “view of the …
- … Transactions [ ?Memoirs of the Caledonian Horticultural Society ]: Asa Gray & Torrey …
- … [ Journal of the Agricultural and Horticultural Society of India ; Proceedings of the …
- … 1837] Transactions of the Caledonian Horticultural Society [ ?Memoirs of the Caledonian …
- … Transactions [ Transactions of the Horticultural Society of London ].— [DAR *119: 8v.] …
- … Transact [ Transactions of the Linnean Society of London ] Wernerian d[itt]o [ Memoirs …
- … ].— Brit. Agricult. Association [ Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England …
- … many facts List of Books at end of Catalogue of Royal Soc. [Royal Society of London 1839]— …
- … Man. Bailliere. 1.10 [Prichard 1843] must be studied . London Library read [DAR *119: …
- … of Hort Soc. [ Journal of the Horticultural Society of London ] must be read D …
Animals, ethics, and the progress of science
Summary
Darwin’s view on the kinship between humans and animals had important ethical implications. In Descent, he argued that some animals exhibited moral behaviour and had evolved mental powers analogous to conscience. He gave examples of cooperation, even…
Matches: 16 hits
- … mental powers analogous to conscience. He gave examples of cooperation, even compassion, across the …
- … 358, 388). Darwin’s concern for animals aligned with that of many of his countrymen, although it …
- … from needless suffering. In the mid-1870s, charges of inflicting pain on animals were brought …
- … as physiology became a profession and an integral part of medical and veterinary training. Darwin …
- … an animal enduring a painful experiment as an illustration of its tender and sympathetic nature: …
- … when his cousin Francis Galton undertook a long series of experiments on rabbits. The investigation …
- … throughout the body. Galton acquired different breeds of rabbits and tried to transfuse the blood of …
- … (all negative). He eventually presented his findings to the Royal Society, calling into question the …
- … but inconclusive (see letter from G. J. Romanes, 14 July 1875 ). Eventually Romanes, who had …
- … physiologists’ ( letter to G. J. Romanes, 18 July 1875 ). Darwin was concerned that the method be …
- … let loose from hell’ ( letter to F. B. Cobbe, [14 January 1875] ). Darwin’s involvement in …
- … position most frankly in a letter to Henrietta, 4 January [1875] . I have long thought …
- … present agitation. ( letter to H. E. Litchfield, 4 January [1875] ) Darwin worked closely …
- … death in this country. ( letter To T. H. Huxley, 14 January 1875 ) Legislation was passed …
- … (Huxley, Romanes, Galton) formed the Physiological Society. Darwin remained in the background. He …
- … Illustrations of vivisection. Philadelphia: American Society for the Restriction of Vivisection. …
James Crichton-Browne
Summary
James Crichton-Browne became one of the most distinguished psychiatrists of the late nineteenth-century, but the letters he exchanged with Charles Darwin as the young and overworked superintendent of the largest mental asylum in England, are almost the…
Matches: 7 hits
- … James Crichton-Browne became one of the most distinguished psychiatrists of the late nineteenth …
- … researched human emotional expression, and reveal the lives of Crichton-Browne's patients - …
- … a reputation as an energetic pioneer not only in the spheres of diagnosis and treatment, but also of …
- … Darwin had recently resumed work on what became Descent of Man and selection in relation to sex …
- … and writing Expression; he sent lists and lists of questions and received immensely detailed …
- … getting information on subjects such as the bristling of the hair, baring of teeth, and blushing, in …
- … time for his son George Darwin’s research into the effects of cousin-marriage on the health of …
Darwin in letters, 1837–1843: The London years to 'natural selection'
Summary
The seven-year period following Darwin's return to England from the Beagle voyage was one of extraordinary activity and productivity in which he became recognised as a naturalist of outstanding ability, as an author and editor, and as a professional…
Matches: 13 hits
- … return to England from the Beagle voyage was one of extraordinary activity and productivity in …
- … During these years he published two books—his Journal of researches and The structure and …
- … In addition, he organised and superintended the publication of the Zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. …
- … Emma Wedgwood. The letters they exchanged during the period of preparation for their marriage are …
- … sensibilities. Early in 1839 the couple set up house in London and at the end of the year their …
- … to Down House in Kent, where Darwin was to spend the rest of his life enjoying the ‘extreme rurality …
- … read the fourth of a series of papers to the Geological Society of London. Three of the papers …
- … William Buckland called it (in his referee’s report to the Society of 9 March 1838), had been …
- … and the reviews of his papers for the Geological Society Transactions provide ample evidence …
- … in Scotland. This tour resulted in a major paper for the Royal Society in which he advanced the …
- … their mutual involvement in the affairs of the Geological Society. During the Beagle voyage …
- … are preserved (187 of them in the American Philosophical Society’s collection) but some are missing, …
- … letter to Lyell’s sister-in-law, Katharine Lyell, between 1875 and 1881, when she was collecting …
Dipsacus and Drosera: Frank’s favourite carnivores
Summary
In Autumn of 1875, Francis Darwin was busy researching aggregation in the tentacles of Drosera rotundifolia (F. Darwin 1876). This phenomenon occurs when coloured particles within either protoplasm or the fluid in the cell vacuole (the cell sap) cluster…
Matches: 12 hits
- … Drosera rotundifolia on an English heath, the Origin of Species author wrote, ‘ I care more …
- … son, Francis, carried on his father’s legacy in a variety of ways, including through his own …
- … he is credited with illustrating the tiny underwater traps of Aldrovanda and Utricularia . …
- … after the first edition was published. In Autumn of 1875, Francis Darwin was busy researching …
- … and Darwin senior submitted his son’s discovery to the Royal Society of London. Only fellows of the …
- … of the common teasel ( Dipsacus sylvestris )’ at the Royal Society on 1 March 1877 (F. Darwin …
- … An abstract of Francis’ paper was published in the Royal Society’s Proceedings , but to his …
- … by the beginning of August. Still displeased by the Royal Society’s decision not to publish the full …
- … in the most extraordinary way.’ As early as August 1875, Cohn had argued that aggregation in …
- … Insectivorous plants . 2d ed. Revised by Francis Darwin. London: John Murray. Darwin, F. …
- … ). (Abstract.) [Read 1 March 1877.] Proceedings of the Royal Society of London 26: 4–8. …
- … Drosera rotundifolia . Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 17 (98), 17–31. …
Darwin in letters, 1865: Delays and disappointments
Summary
The year was marked by three deaths of personal significance to Darwin: Hugh Falconer, a friend and supporter; Robert FitzRoy, captain of the Beagle; and William Jackson Hooker, director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and father of Darwin’s friend…
Matches: 16 hits
- … the chief work on Charles Darwin’s mind was the writing of The variation of animals and plants …
- … projects came to fruition in 1865, including the publication of his long paper on climbing plants in …
- … of the year, Darwin was elected an honorary member of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. The …
- … end of April; and William Jackson Hooker, director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and J. D. …
- … ready to submit his paper on climbing plants to the Linnean Society of London, and though he was …
- … seconded Darwin’s nomination for the Copley Medal of the Royal Society of London in 1864, had …
- … origin of species ( Origin ), which the Council of the Royal Society had failed to include among …
- … fever), and was wondering whether to send it to the Linnean Society, or to the Royal Society of …
- … An abstract of the paper was read before the Linnean Society on 2 February, and in April Darwin …
- … suggested to Scott in 1862, when Scott was working at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh, that he …
- … the duke of Argyll, had delivered an address to the Royal Society of Edinburgh criticising Origin …
- … find himself in December elected an honorary member of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. ‘Here is a …
- … Hooker to convalesce, first with friends in Notting Hill, London, then in Buxton, Derbyshire. …
- … and Leonard were still at school in Clapham, south-west London, and Horace was seeing a private …
- … foolish’;. In November, Darwin and Emma visited Erasmus in London ( Correspondence vol. 13, CD’s …
- … and before the move to Down, Kent, when Darwin was living in London. There are letters commenting on …
Darwin in letters, 1876: In the midst of life
Summary
1876 was the year in which the Darwins became grandparents for the first time. And tragically lost their daughter-in-law, Amy, who died just days after her son's birth. All the letters from 1876 are now published in volume 24 of The Correspondence…
Matches: 18 hits
- … I cannot bear to think of the future The year 1876 started out sedately enough with …
- … one or the other was away from Down. The usual rhythm of visits with family and friends took place …
- … vol. 23, letter from Ernst von Hesse-Wartegg, 20 September 1875 ). He began to compile an account …
- … end of the previous year. He had been incensed in December 1875 when the zoologist Edwin Ray …
- … scientific reputation, but also to save the Linnean Society from the ‘utter disgrace’ of …
- … Lankester must have been cast by the ‘poorest curs in London’ ( letter to W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, [4 …
- … The controversial issue had occupied Darwin for much of 1875. In January 1876, a Royal Commission …
- … school at Cambridge University. The Physiological Society, which had been founded in March 1876 by …
- … what action to take. Burdon Sanderson was keen for the society’s secretary, George Romanes, to write …
- … to Insectivorous plants , which was published in July 1875, with a US edition published later …
- … in February 1876 (despite bearing a publication date of 1875), Darwin must have been gratified by …
- … paper on leaf-arrangement or phyllotaxy was sent to the Royal Society of London by Darwin because he …
- … ). Darwin recognised scientific skill in all levels of society. He not only offered to propose the …
- … Lawson Tait, a Birmingham gynaecologist. The decision by the Royal Society of London to reject a …
- … He already knew that Joseph Hooker, president of the Royal Society, who was also researching …
- … that I was not justified in refusing to send it to the Royal Soc, but it is now too clear that I shd …
- … of George’s work but intended to present it to the Royal Society. He was pleased that Horace was off …
- … while Emma was suffering from a feverish cold, Darwin’s London consultant Andrew Clark was called …
Darwin in letters, 1874: A turbulent year
Summary
The year 1874 was one of consolidation, reflection, and turmoil for Darwin. He spent the early months working on second editions of Coral reefs and Descent of man; the rest of the year was mostly devoted to further research on insectivorous plants. A…
Matches: 22 hits
- … The year 1874 was one of consolidation, reflection, and turmoil for Darwin. He spent the early …
- … dispute over an anonymous review that attacked the work of Darwin’s son George dominated the second …
- … The year started for Darwin with a week’s visit to London, staying at his brother Erasmus’s house. …
- … opportunity to contact the spirit world. While Darwin was in London, his son George organised a …
- … not retract his criticism in his own second edition (Dana 1875, p. 274). Descent …
- … John Tyndall, professor at and superintendent of the Royal Institution of Great Britain was informed …
- … suggested having him removed as secretary of the Linnean Society ( letter From J. D. Hooker, 29 …
- … (Correspondence vol. 23, from J. D. Hooker, 3 January [1875] ), preferring to attack Mivart in …
- … Anthropogenie in the Academy (2 January 1875; see Appendix V, pp. 644–5) . The affair …
- … wrote a polite, very formal letter to Mivart on 12 January 1875 , refusing to hold any future …
- … of June, Darwin’s fourth son, Leonard, who had joined the Royal Engineers in 1871, went to New …
- … he had with Hubert Airy, the son of the Astronomer Royal, George Biddell Airy, to help Leonard gain …
- … Ruck, the sister of a friend of Leonard Darwin’s in the Royal Engineers, on 23 July 1874. The newly …
- … by botanists from Kew and around the country, and by London chemists and animal physiologists. …
- … physiologists at the Brown Animal Sanatory Institution in London, who performed comparative animal …
- … Dionaea (Venus fly trap) to help with his lecture at the Royal Institution ( letter to J. S. …
- … Balfour; Darwin offered to try to get it exhibited at a Royal Society of London soirée (see …
- … his time in China, in his candidacy for election to the Royal Society of London ( see letter to H. …
- … the colour of their surroundings to the Entomological Society of London ( letter from H. W. Bates, …
- … Charles Lyell’s plan to leave a bequest to the Geological Society of London and an annual medal ( …
- … February 1874 ), and honorary member of the Entomological Society of France ( letter to Eugène …
- … and a second French edition was published in January 1875 ( letter from C.-F. Reinwald , 4 February …
3.16 Oscar Rejlander, photos
Summary
< Back to Introduction Darwin’s plans for the illustration of his book The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (1872) led him to the Swedish-born painter and photographer, Oscar Gustaf Rejlander. Rejlander gave Darwin the notes that he had…
Matches: 18 hits
- … Darwin’s plans for the illustration of his book The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals …
- … Rejlander gave Darwin the notes that he had himself made of human gestures and expressions. He also …
- … deterioration in the early 1870s (he died in January 1875), and Darwin assisted him financially on …
- … association had extended beyond work on The Expression of the Emotions. In April of that year, …
- … I gladly complied with his request to take several photos of me, and these I imagine he intends to …
- … that Darwin agreed to be photographed by Rejlander as a way of compensating him for the relatively …
- … photographed Darwin’s relatives on request. A family album of ‘cartes de visite’ now in the …
- … traits. Darwin is known to have met Rejlander in London in the first week of April 1871, …
- … by Rejlander in April 1871, and reproduced in the London Journal in June 1872. Darwin also sent …
- … in an oval frame, appeared in The Graphic in March 1875, and was re-used to illustrate an …
- … Apology for Art-Photography, read at a Meeting of the South London Photographic Society, February 12 …
- … 52–3, with a letter to Dresser from Darwin, dated 10 Sept. 1875 (DCP-LETT-13836F), accompanied by …
- … Wood engraved vignette, paired with one of Huxley, in The London Journal , 55:1426 (8 June 1872), …
- … 1874’. Wood engraving in The Graphic , XI:278 (27 March 1875), p. 301, reprinted in the same …
- … pp. xi-xii (DAR 140.1.5; also in the Lindley Library, Royal Horticultural Society). Wood engraving …
- … Leif Wigh et al., Oscar Gustav Rejlander 1813[?]–1875 (Stockholm: Moderna Museet, 1998), and the …
- … Darwin: The Power of Place. Volume II of a Biography (London: Jonathan Cape, 2002), p. 367. …
- … Science and the Periodical Press, 1870 – 1890 (London and New York: Bloomsbury Visual Arts, 2020 …
1.6 Ouless oil portrait
Summary
< Back to Introduction The first commissioned oil portrait of Darwin was painted by Walter William Ouless, who was given sittings at Down House in March 1875. The idea for such a portrait came from Darwin’s son William, who as far back as 1872 had…
Matches: 10 hits
- … Introduction The first commissioned oil portrait of Darwin was painted by Walter William …
- … am game to pay it.’ Watts was famed not only as a painter of grandiose allegorical subjects, but as …
- … great scientist’. Darwin ‘was not well enough to move to London, and Signor [Watts] was not sure if …
- … his portraits. When the resulting picture was shown at the Royal Academy in May 1875, the Times …
- … preferred John Collier’s portrait of 1881 for the Linnean Society. Emma Darwin, always difficult to …
- … Walter William Ouless date of creation March 1875 computer-readable date …
- … and letter from Charles Darwin to Joseph Hooker, 30 March [1875], DCP-LETT-9905. ‘The Royal Academy’ …
- … encountered in portraying Darwin (Hope Pinker archive at the Royal Academy, London, HRHP/LPM/UVW39). …
- … Leonard Darwin’, First International Eugenics Congress, London, July 24 th to July 30 …
- … Darwin: The Power of Place. Volume II of a Biography (London: Jonathan Cape, 2002), pp. 423-4. …
Thomas Henry Huxley
Summary
Dubbed “Darwin’s bulldog” for his combative role in controversies over evolution, Huxley was a leading Victorian zoologist, science popularizer, and education reformer. He was born in Ealing, a small village west of London, in 1825. With only two years of…
Matches: 10 hits
- … reformer. He was born in Ealing, a small village west of London, in 1825. With only two years of …
- … alongside his medical duties, concentrating on the anatomy of marine invertebrates. Shortly after …
- … Review. Huxley became a regular correspondent of Darwin’s in the early 1850s. Darwin was …
- … in marine animals and German science. Through the exchange of specimens and technical discussions of …
- … as ‘my dear Huxley’ for the first time in a letter of 20 February [1855]. Darwin did have …
- … varieties. At the time, Huxley was committed to a theory of zoological types in which every creature …
- … of the joint paper with Alfred Russel Wallace to the Linnean Society in 1858. Despite his …
- … in popular forums, such as his working men's lectures, the London Times , and Macmillan& …
- … to relish the opportunity to come to Darwin’s defense. In 1875, he intervened in a bitter and …
- … grandly you have defended me”, Darwin wrote on 6 January 1875, “you have indeed been a true friend.” …
Forms of flowers
Summary
Darwin’s book The different forms of flowers on plants of the same species, published in 1877, investigated the structural differences in the sexual organs of flowers of the same species. It drew on and expanded five articles Darwin had published on the…
Matches: 14 hits
- … Darwin’s book The different forms of flowers on plants of the same species , published in 1877, …
- … species could be defined by the fertility inter se of their offspring, and second, whether …
- … inter se or produce infertile offspring, whereas varieties of the same species would give rise to …
- … selection, modifications having the physiological character of species (i.e., whose offspring are …
- … Origin , p. 272, Darwin had contended that the sterility of interspecific hybrids, when contrasted …
- … examined Primroses & find exactly same difference in size of pollen, correlated with same …
- … Primula ’), which he read at a meeting of the Linnean Society of London on 21 November 1861. …
- … 1862. The paper was read at a meeting of the Linnean Society on 3 February 1863. …
- … to finish in order to have the paper read at the Linnean Society before the summer break. ‘I have …
- … the three forms of Lythrum salicaria ’, was sent to the Society on 10 June 1864 and read six days …
- … trimorphic plants’, was read at a meeting of the Linnean Society on 20 February, while the second, …
- … in the June 1868 issue of the Journal of the Linnean Society of London ( Botany ). In August …
- … earlier papers on dimorphic and trimorphic plants. In early 1875, he briefly considered adding this …
- … hinted at the possibility of functional differences, but by 1875 he had completed Insectivorous …
'An Appeal' against animal cruelty
Summary
The four-page pamphlet transcribed below and entitled 'An Appeal', was composed jointly by Emma and Charles Darwin (see letter from Emma Darwin to W. D. Fox, [29 September 1863]). The pamphlet, which protested against the cruelty of steel vermin…
Matches: 12 hits
- … 1863]). The pamphlet, which protested against the cruelty of steel vermin-traps, was privately …
- … 1863, `in the hope that it may have the desired effect of diminishing cruelty' ( Bromley …
- … title `Vermin and traps' ( Letter no. 4282). The wording of the letter to the Gardeners’ …
- … and historian William Howitt, drew attention to the scale of trapping on a game-preserving estate in …
- … campaign literature, made the gamekeeper the embodiment of cruelty. In common with the Darwins’ & …
- … the practice if they were confronted with the evidence (Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty …
- … Darwin to J. D. Hooker, [7 December 1863]). Although none of the replies to the circular have …
- … towards a prize to be awarded under the auspices of the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty …
- … Fox, 8 December [1863]). There is no surviving record of the subscription papers, or of Emma …
- … subscribe an amount, which she kindly placed at the disposal of your Committee' (p. 32). …
- … submitted in competition for the prize, was held at the Royal Horticultural Gardens, South …
- … recorded from 1854 to 1861, in 1863 and 1864, from 1871 to 1875, and in 1878 and 1880 (CD’s Classed …
St George Jackson Mivart
Summary
In the second half of 1874, Darwin’s peace was disturbed by an anonymous article in the Quarterly Review suggesting that his son George was opposed to the institution of marriage and in favour of ‘unrestrained licentiousness’. Darwin suspected, correctly,…
Matches: 11 hits
- … serious offence. Mivart had previously been a correspondent of Darwin’s, but had written hostile …
- … under the title ‘On beneficial restrictions to liberty of marriage’ in the Contemporary Review …
- … in the future to affect personal liberty in the matter of marriage. A better understanding of the …
- … of power. (Hooker was president and Huxley secretary of the Royal Society of London.) …
- … criminality referred to would be most useful & beneficial to society as tending to limit …
- … having Mivart removed from the secretaryship of the Linnean Society of London, and was talking about …
- … from J. D. Hooker, 29 December 1874 ). By January 1875, Mivart had still not made any …
- … that it would be improper for him, as president of the Royal Society, to act against Mivart, an …
- … book Anthropogenie , in the Academy , 2 January 1875. ‘Possessed by a blind animosity against …
- … (Mivart was a Catholic convert.) On 12 January 1875 , Darwin finally wrote to Mivart, …
- … article in a letter published in the Academy , 16 January 1875, p. 66, signed, ‘The Quarterly …
3.18 Elliott and Fry photos, c.1869-1871
Summary
< Back to Introduction The leading photographic firm of Elliott and Fry seems to have portrayed Darwin at Down House on several occasions. In November 1869 Darwin told A. B. Meyer, who wanted photographs of both him and Wallace for a German…
Matches: 15 hits
- … to Introduction The leading photographic firm of Elliott and Fry seems to have portrayed …
- … 1869 Darwin told A. B. Meyer, who wanted photographs of both him and Wallace for a German …
- … Darwin told Wallace that, among the available photographs of him, ‘I like best the profile of Ernest …
- … is a strong likeness & pleasing are now making some copies of for us’; but as yet he had none to …
- … and Fry evidently approached Darwin again in the spring of 1871, with a request that he would sit …
- … not think it worth their while, from a commercial point of view, to come down to Down House. They …
- … the firm’s photographer had produced more than one view of him, and in fact a group is known, …
- … that they date from the later 1870s are clearly wide of the mark. As regards Darwin’s appearance, he …
- … to 1874. Elliott and Fry were very successful as society photographers, producing images of …
- … John Elliott and Clarence Edmund Fry, 55 Baker Street, London date of creation undated, …
- … in an oval frame) in The Gardeners’ Chronicle (6 March 1875), p. 309, illustrating an article on …
- … for the Eclectic Magazine , in the collection of the Royal Society, London (image no. RS.11957). …
- … H. Baden Pritchard, The Photographic Studios of Europe (London: Piper and Carter, 1882), pp. 42 …
- … from the Collections of Studio Bassano and Elliott & Fry, London (London: Ash and Grant, 1975) …
- … Historical Embodiments of Natural Knowledge (Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1998 …
Darwin in letters, 1882: Nothing too great or too small
Summary
In 1882, Darwin reached his 74th year Earthworms had been published the previous October, and for the first time in decades he was not working on another book. He remained active in botanical research, however. Building on his recent studies in plant…
Matches: 20 hits
- … in plant physiology, he investigated the reactive properties of roots and the effects of different …
- … between science and art, and the intellectual powers of women and men. He fielded repeated requests …
- … by early April, he was being carried upstairs with the aid of a special chair. The end came on 19 …
- … his brother Erasmus had been interred in 1881. But some of his scientific friends quickly organised …
- … In the end, his body was laid to rest in the most famous of Anglican churches, Westminster Abbey. …
- … pleasure. The year opened with an exchange with one of his favourite correspondents, Fritz Müller. …
- … for years, but he was always keen to learn more. One line of research was new: ‘I have been working …
- … of carbonate of ammonia on roots’, read at the Linnean Society of London on 6 and 16 March, …
- … by planting in apposition’, was read at the Linnean Society on 4 May, but not published. …
- … Collier in 1881 for a portrait commissioned by the Linnean Society. Collier sent Darwin a copy of …
- … had taken a strong interest in the vivisection debate in 1875, and had even testified before a Royal …
- … 2, p. 2). His physician for some years was the prominent London practitioner Andrew Clark. On 9 …
- … I want you to do is to get one of the cleverer sort of young London Doctors such as Brunton or Pye …
- … life in the 1840s: his duties as secretary of the Geological Society, his work on geology, coral …
- … ). In May 1857, Darwin wrote to the secretary of the Royal Society, William Sharpey, with …
- … by Thomas Francis Jamieson in a paper to the Geological Society. Darwin was a referee for the paper …
- … from my continued ill-health has been my seclusion from society & not becoming acquainted with …
- … for divorce’ ( letter to H. K. Rusden, [before 27 March 1875] ). In Descent of man , p. 103, …
- … ‘the imbecile, the maimed, and other useless members of society’. He regarded this as the highest …
- … vol. 23, letter from Charlotte Papé, 16 July 1875 ). She now addressed Francis, who could best …
John Lubbock
Summary
John Lubbock was eight years old when the Darwins moved into the neighbouring property of Down House, Down, Kent; the total of one hundred and seventy surviving letters he went on to exchange with Darwin is a large number considering that the two men lived…
Matches: 12 hits
- … old when the Darwins moved into the neighbouring property of Down House, Down, Kent; the total of …
- … that the two men lived as close neighbours for most of their lives. Lubbock's father, John …
- … childhood interest in natural history led to a number of significant contributions to the field. …
- … 26 March [1867] ) The most striking feature of the correspondence is how much of it is …
- … calculations on variation. Darwin made constant requests of Lubbock, bombarding him with questions …
- … for example the letters on fly pincers , the Report of the British Association , FitzRoy& …
- … but he provided drawings from Darwin's own dissections of ants, and references on variation in …
- … not for Reviews,’ Darwin wrote , ‘but for the opinion of men like you & Hooker & Huxley …
- … meeting in Oxford in 1860, proposed Darwin for the Royal Society's Copley Medal in 1862 and …
- … James Torbitt's research into potato blight. Lubbock was one of those consulted on strategy …
- … There was no fundamental breach however. In 1875, Lubbock, who often introduced Darwin to …
- … pleading: “I do not see how I could get a sort of living Royal Duke out of my house within the short …
