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Darwin in letters, 1881: Old friends and new admirers

Summary

In May 1881, Darwin, one of the best-known celebrities in England if not the world, began writing about all the eminent men he had met. He embarked on this task, which formed an addition to his autobiography, because he had nothing else to do. He had…

Matches: 23 hits

  • In May 1881, Darwin, one of the best-known celebrities in England if not the world, …
  • … , he had told his valued South American correspondent Fritz Müller, ‘I feel myself a very old man, …
  • was another source of pleasure in the early months of 1881. This book had been a major undertaking
  • making 2000’ ( letter to H. E. Litchfield, 4 January 1881 ). Unlike Darwins other books, …
  • a sinner as those whom I have blamed.’ The book inspired Fritz Müller to send observations from
  • case is to me’ (letters to W. E. Darwin, 31 January [1881] and 19 February [1881] ). On 7
  • individual experience ( letter from G. J. Romanes, 7 March 1881 ). The difficulty with earthworms
  • were trustworthy ( letter to Francis Galton, 8 March [1881] ). Although results from earlier
  • … ‘a game of chance’ ( letter to R. F. Cooke, 12 April 1881 ). On 18 May he described his work on
  • a method to investigate aggregation. He explained to Fritz Müller on 10 September why he had
  • Darwin told Francis on 9 Novemberand writing to Fritz Müller on 13 November , he confessed, …
  • new facts is but dull work.’ It was Fritz Müller who sparked Darwins interest in
  • of dimorphism), to see whether his observations supported Müllers conclusion. Seton fireby
  • annuals ( letter to W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, 21 March [1881] ). Darwin thought flowers of the semi- …
  • in obtaining mature plants. On 12 April, he reported to Müller , ‘I have procured some plants of
  • sulky in a day or two’ ( letter to R. F. Cooke, 29 July 1881 ). The degree of Darwins distress
  • period of the season’ ( letter from R. F. Cooke, 30 July 1881 ). Darwin gave in. ‘I am now uneasy
  • teacher told him ( letter from C. E. Södling, 14 October 1881 ), while H. M. Wallis, who sent
  • general stock of knowledge’ ( letter to E. W. Bok, 10 May 1881 ). Josef Popper, an expert on
  • any criticism’ ( letter to C. G. Semper, 19 July 1881 ). He continued his friendly disagreement
  • of the Fuegians’ ( letter to W. P. Snow, 22 November 1881 ). Darwin received news about the
  • on the shoulder (l etter from B. J. Sulivan, 18 March 1881 ). Among numerous new
  • for the Belfast potato-blight researcher James Torbitt; Fritz Müller was offered £100 to replace

Darwin in letters, 1882: Nothing too great or too small

Summary

In 1882, Darwin reached his 74th year Earthworms had been published the previous October, and for the first time in decades he was not working on another book. He remained active in botanical research, however. Building on his recent studies in plant…

Matches: 14 hits

  • … in Down, where his brother Erasmus had been interred in 1881. But some of his scientific friends …
  • … with an exchange with one of his favourite correspondents, Fritz Müller. The men discussed the …
  • … of crosses between differently styled plants ( letter from Fritz Müller, 1 January 1882 , and …
  • … vol. 29, letter from Arthur de Souza Corrêa, 28 December 1881 ). Darwin had a long-running …
  • … last book, Earthworms , had been published in October 1881. It proved to be very popular, with …
  • … vol. 29, letter from J. F. Simpson, 8 November 1881 ). He remarked on the ‘far reaching …
  • … Correspondence vol. 29, letter to Emily Talbot, 19 July 1881 ) was also published in the …
  • … American, Caroline Kennard, had written on 26 December 1881 (see Correspondence vol. 29) to …
  • … on the topic of science and art. He had sat for Collier in 1881 for a portrait commissioned by the …
  • … letter from John Collier, 22 February 1882 ; T. H. Huxley 1881, pp. 199–245). Huxley used …
  • … discoverer of tidal evolution’ ( Nature , 24 November 1881, p. 81). Darwin boasted to Rich: …
  • … the birth of his first child (Erasmus Darwin) on 7 December 1881. Finally, Darwin had a second …
  • … by Lyell’s sister-in-law Katherine (see K. M. Lyell ed. 1881, 2: 445–6). A complete draft and …
  • … of whom drew substantially on his theory. In 1869, Hermann Müller (brother to Fritz) sent Darwin his …

Hermann Müller

Summary

Hermann (Heinrich Ludwig Hermann) Müller, was born in Mühlberg near Erfurt in 1829. He was the younger brother of Fritz Müller (1822–97). Following the completion of his secondary education at Erfurt in 1848, he studied natural sciences at Halle and Berlin…

Matches: 14 hits

  • Hermann (Heinrich Ludwig Hermann) Müller, was born in Mühlberg near Erfurt in 1829. He was the
  • beetle; it was the subject of his first scientific paper (Müller 1856). In the autumn of 1855
  • from her first marriage; the couple had three more children. Müller had become a full teacher by
  • in the whole province. As a scientific researcher, Müller did not need to look further than
  • his brother became a supporter of Darwins theory. Just as Fritz had chosen to focus on Crustacea in
  • In early spring 1867, Darwin initiated a correspondence with Müller, but that letter has not been
  • …  replied encouragingly  and in the summer of 1867, Müller began working on fertilisation of orchids
  • unwanted visitors from gaining access. In October 1867, Müller sent Darwin a letter describing
  • research along these lines led to the publication in 1873 of Müllers seminal work on co-adaptation, …
  • Darwin could not wait to finish the book before sending Müller his reaction, noting that he had
  • was the introduction he wrote to the English edition of Müllers book, published in 1883. …
  • … (known as ultramontanists by their opponents). Throughout, Müller received the support of the
  • resulted in a limiting of the kind of teaching that Müller advocated. Müller fought against this
  • summer since 1853 in different parts of the Alps and in 1881 published Alpenblumen, ihre

Diagrams and drawings in letters

Summary

Over 850 illustrations from the printed volumes of The Correspondence of Charles Darwin have been added to the online transcripts of the letters. The contents include maps, diagrams, drawings, sketches and photographs, covering geological, botanical,…

Matches: 3 hits

  • … in viviparous fish,  [before 1 June 1871] Fritz Müller's observations on butterflies …
  • … vasculosus Griseb . ,  7 August 1880 Fritz Müller on the sleep movements and …
  • … and the fertilisation of figs by Hymenoptera,  9 January 1881 CD's instructions to …

Discussion Questions and Essay Questions

Summary

There are a wide range of possibilities for opening discussion and essay writing on Darwin’s correspondence.  We have provided a set of sample discussion questions and essay questions, each of which focuses on a particular topic or correspondent in depth.…

Matches: 4 hits

  • … F. E. Abbot (1871-4), John Fordyce (1879), William Graham (1881)] How did Darwin act as a …
  • … practice? [John Scott and sexual dimorphism (1862), Fritz Müller and climbing plants (1864), Hermann …
  • … Did Darwin believe in progress? [Lyell (1860, 1881), Hooker (1862), Lubbock (1865), Graham (1881)] …
  • … product of natural selection, e.g. coloured seeds and fruit (Fritz Müller, 1866)] …

John Murray

Summary

Darwin's most famous book On the origin of species by means of natural selection (Origin) was published on 22 November 1859. The publisher was John Murray, who specialised in non-fiction, particularly politics, travel and science, and had published…

Matches: 5 hits

  • Origin  ( Letter 2577 ); by the time Darwin died in 1881 the book was in its sixth edition, and
  • with John Murray in 1869 was a translation into English of Fritz Müllers book  Für Darwin  (in
  • an extra 500 to meet demand ( Letter 12862 ). In 1881 Darwin sent Murray the manuscript of  …
  • sale of my book and utterly astonished’ ([after 25 October 1881?] Letter 13433 ). …
  • his publisher, after Murrays annual sale in the autumn of 1881, Darwin expressed his satisfaction

Movement in Plants

Summary

The power of movement in plants, published on 7 November 1880, was the final large botanical work that Darwin wrote. It was the only work in which the assistance of one of his children, Francis Darwin, is mentioned on the title page. The research for this…

Matches: 5 hits

  • … 1877, Darwin asked one of his most trusted correspondents, Fritz Müller, to ‘ observe whether any …
  • … of a klinostat. Journal of the Linnean Society. Botany . 1881. Vol. XVIII, p. 450.   …
  • … into March 1879, and Darwin seemed weary when he told Fritz Müller, ‘ I have little or nothing to …
  • … and would later spend three months there from May 1881. While on holiday in the Lake District …
  • … a book-length critique of Darwin’s work (Wiesner 1881). Francis would later respond to Wiesner’s …