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Darwin in letters, 1876: In the midst of life
Summary
1876 was the year in which the Darwins became grandparents for the first time. And tragically lost their daughter-in-law, Amy, who died just days after her son's birth. All the letters from 1876 are now published in volume 24 of The Correspondence…
Matches: 27 hits
- … I cannot bear to think of the future The year 1876 started out sedately enough with …
- … has won only 2490 games’ ( letter to Asa Gray, 28 January 1876 ). Francis Darwin, happily …
- … life. But the calm was not to last, and the second half of 1876 was marked by anxiety and deep grief …
- … in him for ‘new matter’ (letter to Asa Gray, 28 January 1876). The preparation of the second edition …
- … Climbing plants ( letter from R. F. Cooke, 23 February 1876 ). When Smith, Elder and Company …
- … observed to Carus. ( Letter to J. V. Carus, 24 April 1876. ) Darwin focused instead on the …
- … ‘advantages of crossing’ (letter to Asa Gray, 28 January 1876). Revising Orchids was less a …
- … about his life ( Correspondence vol. 23, letter from Ernst von Hesse-Wartegg, 20 September 1875 …
- … with his new research in mind: ‘During this autumn of 1876 I shall publish on the “Effects of Cross …
- … pamphlet, Darwin confounded (C. O’Shaughnessy 1876), which, he informed Darwin, ‘completely …
- … and it is the correct one’ ( letter from Nemo, [1876?] ). Combatting enemies... …
- … disguised his views as to the bestiality of man’ (Mivart 1876, p. 144). Not only was the comment …
- … in giving him pain ( letter to A. R. Wallace, 17 June 1876 ). Although Mivart had long been a …
- … a zoologist ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 29 January 1876 ). Both aims were achieved, and in Darwin’s …
- … in London’ ( letter to W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, [4 February 1876] ). 'The heat of battle& …
- … issue had occupied Darwin for much of 1875. In January 1876, a Royal Commission report was published …
- … The Physiological Society, which had been founded in March 1876 by the London physiologist John …
- … The 'insect eating theory' Throughout 1876, Darwin continued to receive responses …
- … published later that year and a German translation in 1876. ‘What is more to be wondered at—Nature …
- … an answer’ ( letter from S. B. Herrick, 12 February 1876 ). Others questioned whether insects …
- … eating theory’ ( letter from Peter Henderson, 15 November 1876 ). William Dallinger from Liverpool …
- … to his results ( letter from Moritz Schiff, 8 May 1876 ). Pangenesis v. perigenesis …
- … second edition of Variation was published in February 1876 (despite bearing a publication date …
- … ( letter from G. J. Romanes, [ c . 19 March 1876] ). A less welcome reaction came from an ardent …
- … passed on to newly formed plastidules. Darwin thought Haeckel’s essay ‘clever & striking’, but …
- … pangenesis into a ‘substantial theory’, Darwin forwarded Haeckel’s essay to him on 29 May. If …
- … were able to host lunches for eminent German visitors, first Haeckel on the 26 September, and then …
Darwin in letters, 1879: Tracing roots
Summary
Darwin spent a considerable part of 1879 in the eighteenth century. His journey back in time started when he decided to publish a biographical account of his grandfather Erasmus Darwin to accompany a translation of an essay on Erasmus’s evolutionary ideas…
Matches: 14 hits
- … Erasmus’s evolutionary ideas by the German science writer Ernst Krause. Darwin’s preoccupation with …
- … Darwin as ‘the deep thinker’, while friends such as Ernst Haeckel, who had rebutted the physician …
- … now widely accepted in Germany. ‘On this festive day’, Haeckel told Darwin, ‘you can look back, with …
- … life’s work, which is crowned with glory’ ( letter from Ernst Haeckel, 9 February 1879 ). The …
- … February 1879 ). Carus Sterne was the pseudonym of Ernst Krause, editor of the journal …
- … theory of development in connection with Charles Darwin and Ernst Haeckel. Kosmos was, as …
- … shamefully ignorant of my grandfathers life’ ( letter to Ernst Krause, 14 March 1879 ). …
- … might end up ‘interfering with each other’ ( letter to Ernst Krause, 27 March 1879 ). Darwin’s aim …
- … an introduction ‘almost indispensable’ ( letter from Ernst Krause, 7 June 1879 ). Darwin welcomed …
- … into ridicule. He hates scientific men’ ( letter to Ernst Krause, 14 May 1879 ). From the …
- … the views of the other botanists. He was glad to know that Ernst Stahl and Albert Bernhard Frank did …
- … 6 March [1879] ). When Darwin’s staunch German defender Ernst Haeckel was in England, he was …
- … to Darwin about ‘Darwinism in Germany’ ( letter from Ernst Haeckel, 30 August 1879 ). However, the …
- … self- and cross-fertilisation, had first contacted Darwin in 1876. By 1878, Darwin was sufficiently …
Cross and self fertilisation
Summary
The effects of cross and self fertilisation in the vegetable kingdom, published on 10 November 1876, was the result of a decade-long project to provide evidence for Darwin’s belief that ‘‘Nature thus tells us, in the most emphatic manner, that she abhors…
Matches: 27 hits
- … in the vegetable kingdom , published on 10 November 1876, was the result of a decade-long project …
- … in a broader context. He told his long-time supporter Ernst Haeckel, ‘It is really wonderful what an …
- … seems almost to require changes in the conditions’ ( To Ernst Haeckel, 13 November 1875 ). He …
- … the self-fertilised’ ( To G. H. Darwin, 8 January [1876] ). George explained the difficulties of …
- … equal value.’ ( From G. H. Darwin, [after 8 January 1876] ). It was his cousin, the statistician …
- … introduction to the book ( To Francis Galton, 13 January [1876] ). Joseph Henry …
- … on yet another experimental aspect of his work. In February 1876, he wrote to the agricultural …
- … in a state of nature’ ( To J. H. Gilbert, 16 February 1876 ). Darwin wanted to try to remove all …
- … soil to remove nutrients ( From J. H. Gilbert, 4 March 1876 ). In June 1876, Darwin had supposedly …
- … samples differed ( To Edward Frankland, [before 6 June 1876] ). The project proved to be too …
- … am convinced that the book is of value’ By August 1876, the book had gone to press and …
- … shall ever do on this subject’ ( To Asa Gray, 9 August 1876 ). As Darwin began correcting …
- … I would suggest 1,500’ ( To R. F. Cooke, 16 September 1876 ). In the meantime, a happy event, the …
- … it too much for you’ ( To Francis Darwin, 16 September [1876] ). Francis must have found some …
- … slightly modified’ ( To Francis Darwin, 20 September [1876] ). Darwin continued to send work, …
- … & very useful’ ( To Francis Darwin 25 September [1876] ). At the end of September …
- … early in November’ ( To J. V. Carus, 27 September 1876 ). The title had now changed from that …
- … alone worth reading. ( To Otto Zacharias, 5 October [1876] ). Hermann Müller, in contrast, wrote …
- … Pedecino, and Comes ( From Hermann Müller, 4 October 1876 ). Gray was impatient for a copy …
- … had not yet been released ( From Asa Gray, 12 October 1876 ). Darwin sent the sheets, apologised …
- … that of almost anyone else’ ( To Asa Gray, 28 October 1876 ). Gray reassured him, ‘I have as yet …
- … faultless as your temper’ ( From Asa Gray, 12 November 1876 ). The book was published on 10 …
- … 6 or 700 would sell.’ ( To John Murray, 15 November 1876 ). In fact, Murray sold 1100 copies of …
- … for science’ ( From Friedrich Hildebrand, 6 December 1876 ). After reading the book, Hildebrand …
- … for further work’ ( From Hermann Müller, 6 December 1876 ). Alphonse de Candolle noted the …
- … experiments ( From Alphonse de Candolle 16 December 1876 ). One critical review came from Alfred …
- … yet been produced’ ( From A. R. Wallace, 13 December 1876 ). No reply to this letter has been …
Darwin in letters, 1878: Movement and sleep
Summary
In 1878, Darwin devoted most of his attention to the movements of plants. He investigated the growth pattern of roots and shoots, studying the function of specific organs in this process. Working closely with his son Francis, Darwin devised a series of…
Matches: 4 hits
- … to J. D. Hooker, 14 December [1878] ). Writing to Ernst Haeckel on his sixty-ninth birthday …
- … in September 1877, Darwin’s outspoken supporter Ernst Haeckel championed the teaching of evolution …
- … Correspondence vol. 24, letter to T. C. Eyton, 22 April 1876 ). ‘When I first read your note’, …
- … business to raise different varieties on a large scale. In 1876, he had gone so far as to send …
Darwin in letters, 1868: Studying sex
Summary
The quantity of Darwin’s correspondence increased dramatically in 1868 due largely to his ever-widening research on human evolution and sexual selection.Darwin’s theory of sexual selection as applied to human descent led him to investigate aspects of the…
Matches: 3 hits
Was Darwin an ecologist?
Summary
One of the most fascinating aspects of Charles Darwin’s correspondence is the extent to which the experiments he performed at his home in Down, in the English county of Kent, seem to prefigure modern scientific work in ecology.
Matches: 20 hits
- … was coined by the German scientist and theorist Ernst Haeckel in 1866. ‘By ecology, we mean the …
- … the broad sense, all the “conditions of existence.”’ (Ernst Haeckel, Generelle Morphologie 2: 286; …
- … and some of his correspondents complained mildly about Haeckel’s propensity for making up words, but …
- … appeared in English in E. Ray Lankester’s translation of Haeckel’s History of creation in 1876; it …
- … in his letters. However, Darwin’s Origin of species was Haeckel’s primary inspiration for his …
- … of organisms to their environment for some time before Haeckel thought of a word for the activity; …
- … will no doubt continue to change in the future. Indeed, when Haeckel coined the term ecology he …
- … and left such study to an ‘uncritical’ natural history (Haeckel 1866, 2: 286–7; see also Stauffer …
- … Darwin’s caution is evident in his correspondence with Haeckel, himself a passionate theorist who …
- … upheaval that he was confident Darwin’s work would cause. Haeckel acknowledged himself to have been …
- … on me, as your theory of the evolution of species’, Haeckel wrote to Darwin on 9 July 1864 . ‘In …
- … to know nature as she really is.’ It seems from Haeckel’s letter that what most struck him …
- … history of creation’. Darwin’s response to Haeckel’s request for an account of his great …
- … fact it must have been obvious to everyone except, perhaps, Haeckel himself, that Darwin’s aims and …
- … barnacles, and in botany. In the correspondence between Haeckel and Darwin, the importance of Darwin …
- … 1867. The reign of law. London: Alexander Strahan. Haeckel, Ernst. German zoologist. …
- … Lankester, Edwin Ray. Zoologist, and translator of Haeckel’s Natürliche Schöpfungsgeschichte. …
- … by D. Levey, et al . New York: CABI Publishing. Haeckel, Ernst. 1866. Generelle …
- … . 2 vols. Berlin: Georg Reimer. Haeckel, Ernst. 1876. The history of creation: or the …
- … Richards, Robert J. 2008. The tragic sense of life: Ernst Haeckel and the struggle over …
Darwin in letters, 1865: Delays and disappointments
Summary
The year was marked by three deaths of personal significance to Darwin: Hugh Falconer, a friend and supporter; Robert FitzRoy, captain of the Beagle; and William Jackson Hooker, director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and father of Darwin’s friend…
Matches: 1 hits
- … November 1864 ( Correspondence vol. 12, letter to Ernst Haeckel, 21 November [1864] ). Since …
Darwin in letters, 1877: Flowers and honours
Summary
Ever since the publication of Expression, Darwin’s research had centred firmly on botany. The year 1877 was no exception. The spring and early summer were spent completing Forms of flowers, his fifth book on a botanical topic. He then turned to the…
Matches: 7 hits
- … of colour sense. Darwin had written to the editor Ernst Ludwig Krause on 30 June 1877 , ‘I have …
- … der Entwickelungslehre in Verbindung mit Charles Darwin und Ernst Haeckel (Journal for uniform …
- … by institution. The most prominent ‘torchbearer’ was Ernst Haeckel, whose portrait appeared first …
- … age. The Dutch album and the letters from Rade and Haeckel both refer to Darwin’s 69th birthday, and …
- … ancestry. The German zoologist and physician Carl Theodor Ernst von Siebold sent photographs of a …
- … ). An American banker, William Burrows Bowles, having read Ernst Haeckel on ‘Pithecanthropus alalus’ …
- … a critique of Francis Galton’s theory of heredity in 1876, but as he was a philosophical writer …
3.5 William Darwin, photo 2
Summary
< Back to Introduction Darwin’s son William, who had become a banker in Southampton, took the opportunity of a short visit home to Down House in April 1864 to photograph his father afresh. This half-length portrait was the first to show Darwin with a…
Matches: 6 hits
- … looked little changed, except for his baldness and beard. Ernst Haeckel and the French botanist …
- … of Man’ in the Annual of Phrenology and Physiognomy of 1876, a bearded man with a lofty brow and …
- … was also reproduced as a medallion, which circulated amongst Haeckel’s students in Jena. It was, …
- … signature, and this was re-used for the edition of 1876. William Darwin himself must have …
- … Benjamin D. Walsh to Darwin, 1 March 1865 (DCP-LETT-4778). Haeckel’s letter to Darwin, 28 Jan. 1866 …
- … by August Weber at Leipzig; also in 6 th edition (1876). Mary Cowling, The Artist as …
Darwin in letters, 1875: Pulling strings
Summary
‘I am getting sick of insectivorous plants’, Darwin confessed in January 1875. He had worked on the subject intermittently since 1859, and had been steadily engaged on a book manuscript for nine months; January also saw the conclusion of a bitter dispute…
Matches: 6 hits
- … own theory of heredity in a series of articles in 1875 and 1876, based partly on his studies of …
- … and supporters included long-term correspondents such as Ernst Haeckel, Fritz and Hermann Müller, …
- … is yet another laurel in the wreath of your fame ’, Haeckel wrote on 6 June , ‘to have a …
- … methods, and Darwin had to break the news to the author in 1876 that his Royal Society ambitions had …
- … Huxley at South Kensington, with visiting positions under Haeckel at Jena and Dohrn at Naples. …
- … In the event, the election was postponed until February 1876, and Lankester was duly elected. …
Darwin in letters, 1881: Old friends and new admirers
Summary
In May 1881, Darwin, one of the best-known celebrities in England if not the world, began writing about all the eminent men he had met. He embarked on this task, which formed an addition to his autobiography, because he had nothing else to do. He had…
Matches: 4 hits
- … was interrupted by Samuel Butler’s renewed claim that Ernst Krause had used Butler’s book …
- … scientific belief. However, he objected when biologists like Ernst Haeckel converted the Darwinian …
- … had been lost in a flood; the same amount was offered to Haeckel if he was unable to get other funds …
- … ‘absurd and wicked prosecution’ under the terms of the 1876 Cruelty to Animals Act ( letter to T. L …
Thomas Henry Huxley
Summary
Dubbed “Darwin’s bulldog” for his combative role in controversies over evolution, Huxley was a leading Victorian zoologist, science popularizer, and education reformer. He was born in Ealing, a small village west of London, in 1825. With only two years of…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Dubbed “Darwin’s bulldog” for his combative role in controversies over evolution, Huxley was a …
Forms of flowers
Summary
Darwin’s book The different forms of flowers on plants of the same species, published in 1877, investigated the structural differences in the sexual organs of flowers of the same species. It drew on and expanded five articles Darwin had published on the…
