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Darwin in letters, 1869: Forward on all fronts
Summary
At the start of 1869, Darwin was hard at work making changes and additions for a fifth edition of Origin. He may have resented the interruption to his work on sexual selection and human evolution, but he spent forty-six days on the task. Much of the…
Matches: 22 hits
- … At the start of 1869, Darwin was hard at work making changes and additions for a fifth edition …
- … that is something’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, [22 January 1869] ). Much of the remainder of …
- … to be the case’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 13 January 1869 ). Hooker went straight to a crucial …
- … probable’ (see also letter to A. R. Wallace, 22 January [1869] , and letter from A. R. Wallace, …
- … in distribution’ ( letter to James Croll, 31 January [1869] ). Darwin had argued ( Origin , pp. …
- … formation’ ( letter to James Croll, 31 January [1869] ). Croll could not supply Darwin with an …
- … have got that yet’ ( letter from James Croll, 4 February 1869 ). Darwin did not directly …
- … towards [Thomson]’ ( letter to T. H. Huxley, 19 March [1869] ). Towards Descent …
- … ( letter from Robert Elliot to George Cupples, 21 June 1869 ). Details on mating behaviour …
- … in the garden ( letter from Frederick Smith, 8 October 1869 ). Albert Günther, assistant in the …
- … varieties ( letter to W. B. Tegetmeier, 25 February [1869] ). The data contined to …
- … cocks & hens.—’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 13 November [1869] ). Yet completion of the work was …
- … for Descent . Researching emotion In 1869, Darwin still expected that Descent …
- … peoples in India and Africa. The American botanist Asa Gray and his wife, Jane Loring Gray , who …
- … read it, of dislike & contempt—almost hatred—’ ( from Asa Gray and J. L. Gray, 8 and 9 May …
- … ( enclosure to letter from Henry Maudsley, 20 May 1869 ). Darwin had often complained of the …
- … in regard to Man’ ( letter to A. R. Wallace, 14 April 1869 ). More remarkable still were Wallace …
- … seem to you like some mental hallucination’ ( 18 April 1869 ). Since his marriage to Annie …
- … (Wallace 1869a; letter to A. R. Wallace, 22 March [1869] ), and scolded him for again being too …
- … demands justice’ ( letter to A. R. Wallace, 14 April 1869 ). Proceeding on all fronts …
- … South American cordillera ( letter to Charles Lyell, 20 May 1869 ), and fossil discoveries in …
- … investigated in depth ( letter from C. F. Claus, 6 February 1869 ). In a letter to the Gardeners …
Dramatisation script
Summary
Re: Design – Adaptation of the Correspondence of Charles Darwin, Asa Gray and others… by Craig Baxter – as performed 25 March 2007
Matches: 21 hits
- … – Adaptation of the Correspondence of Charles Darwin, Asa Gray and others… by Craig Baxter – as …
- … quotes from the correspondence or published writings of Asa Gray, Charles Darwin, Joseph Dalton …
- … read the words of the following: Actor 1 – Asa Gray Actor 2 – Charles Darwin …
- … day archivist, this actor uses the words of Jane Loring Gray, Joseph Dalton Hooker, Hugh Falconer, …
- … in which the play unfolds and acting as a go-between between Gray and Darwin, and between the …
- … are described by his widow Jane the final days of Professor Asa Gray, Harvard Botanist. A series of …
- … of the Life of Darwin. At this time in his life, Asa Gray is in his late 70s. JANE …
- … threatening of a cold, but he pronounced himself… GRAY: Perfectly comfortable. …
- … however, passed away, and he wrote that evening. GRAY: 2 [Since atheistic …
- … for the very citadel of natural theology. JANE GRAY: The next morning he seemed bright and …
- … secret and potentially incendiary ideas. A younger Asa Gray (now in his mid 40s) arrives in …
- … you might reasonably expect… Yours most sincerely Asa Gray. DARWIN: 16 My dear …
- … 25 I send enclosed [a letter for you from Asa Gray], received this morning. I send my own, also, …
- … instructive to me. 42 Ever most cordially yours, Asa Gray Darwin, after a short …
- … run prevail. CERTAIN BENEFICIAL LINES: 1860 Asa Gray presents his argument of Creation …
- … see not. 121 Your cordial friend and true Yankee, Asa Gray. Hooker’s body language …
- … long to see the Yankees well drubbed by us. Do you hear from Asa Gray now? Gray senses a …
- … to Hooker with a cringe. DARWIN: 126 Asa Gray is evidently sore about England …
- … 149 My dear Hooker … What pleasant letters Asa Gray writes [but] one might as well write to a …
- … with profound contempt, says on this subject that Professor Asa Gray could, with the greatest ease, …
- … 189 JANE LORING GRAY, LETTER TO HER SISTER, 1868 or 1869 190 C DARWIN TO A GRAY 8 MARCH …
Darwin’s queries on expression
Summary
When Darwin resumed systematic research on emotions around 1866, he began to collect observations more widely and composed a list of queries on human expression. A number of handwritten copies were sent out in 1867 (see, for example, letter to Fritz Muller…
Matches: 14 hits
- … Crichton-Browne, James 20 May 1869 32 Queen Anne St. …
- … Crichton-Browne, James 19 May 1869 West Riding …
- … Ceylon Gray, Asa 26 March 1867 …
- … Nile Gray, Asa 14 April 1871 …
- … Laura Bridgman Gray, Asa 10 & 14 March …
- … on Laura Bridgman Gray, Asa 9 May [1869] …
- … Gray, Jane 9 May [1869] [Alexandria, Egypt] …
- … King, P.G. 25 Feb 1869 Sydney, Australia …
- … Maudsley, Henry 20 May 1869 32 Queen Anne St. …
- … Reade, Winwood W. 17 Jan 1869 Sierra Leone, Africa …
- … Reade, Winwood W. 28 June [1869] Sierra Leone, …
- … Reade, Winwood W. 26 Dec 1869 Sierra Leone, Africa …
- … British Columbia, Canada) forwarded by Asa Gray Atnah Espyox Nasse …
- … Scott, John 2 July 1869 Royal Botanic Gardens, …
Cross and self fertilisation
Summary
The effects of cross and self fertilisation in the vegetable kingdom, published on 10 November 1876, was the result of a decade-long project to provide evidence for Darwin’s belief that ‘‘Nature thus tells us, in the most emphatic manner, that she abhors…
Matches: 19 hits
- … September 1866, Darwin announced to the American botanist Asa Gray, ‘I have just begun a large …
- … the growth of the young plants is highly remarkable’ ( To Asa Gray, 10 September [1866] ). By …
- … of self-fertility over subsequent generations. In June 1869, Müller remarked, on receiving a new …
- … sometimes depends’ ( From Fritz Müller, 15 June 1869 ). By May 1870, Darwin reported that he was …
- … 17 March [1867] ). He noted another factor in a letter to Gray, remarking, ‘I am going on with my …
- … visited by insects & so have been rarely crossed’ ( To Asa Gray, 15 April [1867] ). One of …
- … Müller ( To Fritz Müller, 28 November 1868 ). In March 1869, Müller reported results of …
- … pod were mutually sterile ( From Fritz Müller, 14 March 1869 ). ‘The case of the Abutilon sterile …
- … of this plant sent by Müller ( To Fritz Müller, 18 July [1869] ). Darwin sent specimens of plants …
- … on cross and self-fertilised plants, as he explained to Gray, ‘I worked last summer hard at Drosera, …
- … the dogs till I finish with this & get it published’ ( To Asa Gray, 11 March [1873] ). …
- … a new set of experiments for the summer, as he informed Gray when asking for seeds of Nesaea …
- … of Lythrum; for the fact seems to me all important.’ ( To Asa Gray, 30 May [1875] ). In earlier …
- … By August 1876, the book had gone to press and Darwin told Gray, ‘This will complete all that I …
- … Comes ( From Hermann Müller, 4 October 1876 ). Gray was impatient for a copy and asked for …
- … your judgment than for that of almost anyone else’ ( To Asa Gray, 28 October 1876 ). Gray …
- … written of, as being as faultless as your temper’ ( From Asa Gray, 12 November 1876 ). The …
- … 27 January 1877 ). Darwin was especially pleased with Gray’s review, and told him, ‘Your abstract …
- … given everything,—you have quite eviscerated it’ ( To Asa Gray, 18 February [1877] ). By mid-March …
Jane Gray
Summary
Jane Loring Gray, the daughter of a Boston lawyer, married the Harvard botanist Asa Gray in 1848 and evidence suggests that she took an active interest in the scientific pursuits of her husband and his friends. Although she is only known to have…
Matches: 12 hits
- … Jane Loring Gray, the daughter of a Boston lawyer, married the Harvard botanist Asa Gray in 1848 and …
- … as Emma Darwin helped Charles with his correspondence, Jane Gray often acted as a secretary for her …
- … 40 ladies and a few gentlemen’ (letter to Jane Gray from George Bentham, 10 March 1852. Archives …
- … about the behaviour of her dog (letter from J. L. Gray, 14 February 1870 ), she also passed on …
- … and Animals (1872) Darwin thanked ‘Professor and Mrs. Asa Gray’ for attending to ‘some points in …
- … preoccupations. In their letter to Darwin from Egypt, Jane Gray wrote: I enclose the few …
- … women only the up & down wrinkles— (letter from Asa Gray and J. L. Gray, 8 and 9 May …
- … their year long trip to Europe and North Africa in 1868 to 1869, the Grays visited Charles and Emma …
- … 1868, and visiting again on their return journey in August 1869. Although they never met again, the …
- … men: Pray give our very kind remembrances to Mrs. Gray. I know that she likes to hear men …
- … I have won, hurrah, hurrah, 2795 games. (letter to Asa Gray, 28 January 1876 ) …
- … sent back with them (letter from Emma Darwin to Jane Gray, 28 October 1871. Archives of the Gray …
Darwin in letters, 1863: Quarrels at home, honours abroad
Summary
At the start of 1863, Charles Darwin was actively working on the manuscript of The variation of animals and plants under domestication, anticipating with excitement the construction of a hothouse to accommodate his increasingly varied botanical experiments…
Matches: 15 hits
- … ( letter from Charles Lyell, 11 March 1863 ). The botanist Asa Gray, Darwin’s friend in the United …
- … Huxley’s book would scare them off ( see letter from Asa Gray, 20 April 1863 ). In May, Darwin …
- … and letter to Athenæum , 18 April [1863] ). He told Gray: ‘Under the cloak of a fling at …
- … Lyells amended verdict on the Origin’ ( letter to Asa Gray, 20 April [1863] ). Darwin quoted a …
- … 1862 (see Correspondence vol. 10). He sent a copy to Asa Gray to review in an American journal, …
- … January [1863] and 31 January [1863] , and letter to Asa Gray, 31 May [1863] ). Asa Gray …
- … over the angles of leaves, asking the professional botanists Gray, Hooker, and Daniel Oliver for …
- … letter from Daniel Oliver, 17 February 1863 , letter to Asa Gray, 20 April [1863] , letter to …
- … was ‘enough to drive the quietest man mad’ ( letter to Asa Gray, 11 May [1863] ). Hooker and Gray …
- … forms that he had started the previous year ( letter to Asa Gray, 4 August [1863] ). The results …
- … Darwin concluded: ‘It was beautiful’ ( letter to Asa Gray, 20 April [1863] ). Cross …
- … and pistils mature at different times ( see letter to Asa Gray, 11 May [1863] ). The fertility of …
- … all its modifications as anything in orchids’ ( letter to Asa Gray, 4 August [1863] ). He acquired …
- … they lived not to know anything of them?’ ( letter from Asa Gray, 1 September 1863 ). Gray …
- … of which figured prominently in his correspondence with Asa Gray in Cambridge, Massachusetts. At the …
Women’s scientific participation
Summary
Observers | Fieldwork | Experimentation | Editors and critics | Assistants Darwin’s correspondence helps bring to light a community of women who participated, often actively and routinely, in the nineteenth-century scientific community. Here is a…
Rewriting Origin - the later editions
Summary
For such an iconic work, the text of Origin was far from static. It was a living thing that Darwin continued to shape for the rest of his life, refining his ‘one long argument’ through a further five English editions. Many of his changes were made in…
Matches: 5 hits
- … standard of science’ ( to Charles Layton, 24 November [1869] ). From the 3 rd edition on …
- … published, 1866 5 th English edition published, 1869 6 th English edition …
- … acknowledged earlier work. According to a letter to Asa Gray he had yet to start it on 28 …
- … correspondent for the first set of revisions to Origin , Asa Gray, who masterminded the US …
- … on the fifth edition from Boxing Day 1868 until February 1869. Among the changes were stories about …
Forms of flowers
Summary
Darwin’s book The different forms of flowers on plants of the same species, published in 1877, investigated the structural differences in the sexual organs of flowers of the same species. It drew on and expanded five articles Darwin had published on the…
Matches: 9 hits
- … produced seed capsules. He told the American botanist Asa Gray , ‘ If it should prove that the …
- … make 126 additional crosses!! ’ Nevertheless, on telling Gray about the need for this further work, …
- … often adapted for insect visitation. In his reply to Darwin, Gray unsurprisingly revealed, ‘ I know …
- … believe in my results. ’ Undeterred, Darwin reported to Gray at the beginning of August, ‘I have …
- … triple marriage between three hermaphrodite. ’ Gray replied, ‘ If your Lythrum -paper shall be …
- … , a species of lungwort also known as blue cowslip. He told Gray in October 1865 that with respect …
- … of Origin . He encouraged Huxley to read it, noting, ‘ Asa Gray & Fritz Müller (the latter …
- … in as many natural families as possible’, explaining to Gray that he had ‘ become convinced that …
- … term heterostyly in preference to di- or trimorphism. Gray objected and suggested his own …
Diagrams and drawings in letters
Summary
Over 850 illustrations from the printed volumes of The Correspondence of Charles Darwin have been added to the online transcripts of the letters. The contents include maps, diagrams, drawings, sketches and photographs, covering geological, botanical,…
Women as a scientific audience
Summary
Target audience? | Female readership | Reading Variation Darwin's letters, in particular those exchanged with his editors and publisher, reveal a lot about his intended audience. Regardless of whether or not women were deliberately targeted as a…
Fake Darwin: myths and misconceptions
Summary
Many myths have persisted about Darwin's life and work. Here are a few of the more pervasive ones, with full debunking below...
Matches: 1 hits
- … Many myths have persisted about Darwin's life and work. Here are a few of the more pervasive ones, …
Darwin in letters, 1874: A turbulent year
Summary
The year 1874 was one of consolidation, reflection, and turmoil for Darwin. He spent the early months working on second editions of Coral reefs and Descent of man; the rest of the year was mostly devoted to further research on insectivorous plants. A…
Matches: 7 hits
- … generous Darwin by his previous anonymous attacks ([Mivart] 1869; 1871c). In his review, Mivart …
- … ). the man-eating tree of Madagascar Asa Gray publicised Darwin’s work on …
- … it was a hoax till I came to the woman’ ( letter to Asa Gray, 3 June [1874] ). Response to …
- … F. S. B. François de Chaumont, 29 April 1874 ). Asa Gray forwarded a letter from the …
- … seen in bank with enormous tips to his ears ( letter from Asa Gray, 12 May 1874 ). The …
- … letter to J. N. Lockyer, 13 May [1874] ), and he wrote to Asa Gray, who provided the essay on him: …
- … bit insane, as we all are occasionally’ ( letter to Asa Gray, 5 June [1874] ). The …
Darwin in letters, 1868: Studying sex
Summary
The quantity of Darwin’s correspondence increased dramatically in 1868 due largely to his ever-widening research on human evolution and sexual selection.Darwin’s theory of sexual selection as applied to human descent led him to investigate aspects of the…
Matches: 6 hits
- … of me. I feel convinced it is by Owen’. John Edward Gray, a colleague of Richard Owen’s in the …
- … paper was read before the Linnean Society on 4 February 1869, but remained unpublished until it …
- … the theology favoured by some of his supporters, notably Asa Gray, seemed to render natural …
- … lines by God. Of Darwin’s discussion in Variation , Gray wrote on 25 May : ‘I found your … …
- … perfectly, & feel the weight of it.’ Some thought Gray’s position still a strong one. An …
- … that the outing had done nothing for his health ( letter to Asa Gray, 15 August [1868] ), but it …
Sexual selection
Summary
Although natural selection could explain the differences between species, Darwin realised that (other than in the reproductive organs themselves) it could not explain the often marked differences between the males and females of the same species. So what…
Darwin in letters, 1864: Failing health
Summary
On receiving a photograph from Charles Darwin, the American botanist Asa Gray wrote on 11 July 1864: ‘the venerable beard gives the look of your having suffered, and … of having grown older’. Because of poor health, Because of poor health, Darwin…
Matches: 7 hits
- … a photograph from Charles Darwin, the American botanist Asa Gray wrote on 11 July 1864 : ‘the …
- … the result of a long series of changes . . .’ When he told Asa Gray in a letter of 29 October …
- … on them. Nevertheless, his work in 1864 contributed to his 1869 paper focusing on the role of …
- … species. References and enclosures in letters from Gray and Hooker show how Darwin was able to …
- … activities of collectors and curators at a great distance. Gray forwarded a letter from Charles …
- … old Testament’ ( Correspondence vol. 10, letter to Asa Gray, 6 November [1862] ). A …
- … read aloud to him by his ‘dear womenkind’ ( letter to Asa Gray, 29 October [1864] ). It was …
Darwin in letters, 1871: An emptying nest
Summary
The year 1871 was an extremely busy and productive one for Darwin, with the publication in February of his long-awaited book on human evolution, Descent of man. The other main preoccupation of the year was the preparation of his manuscript on expression.…
Matches: 6 hits
- … for a US edition had been in place since December 1869, while German, Russian, French, and Dutch …
- … ( letter from T. H. Huxley, 20 February 1871 ). Asa Gray remarked, somewhat reservedly: …
- … with a tail and pointed ears” (letter from Asa Gray, 14 April 1871) Like his …
- … the American mathematician Chauncey Wright, a colleague of Asa Gray’s at Harvard University. Darwin …
- … ( letter to Francis Darwin, 16 May [1871] ). Darwin asked Asa Gray to obtain introductions for his …
- … Falls to the ‘great valleys in California’ ( letter to Asa Gray, 16 July [1871] , letter to S. R …
Darwin’s Photographic Portraits
Summary
Darwin was a photography enthusiast. This is evident not only in his use of photography for the study of Expression and Emotions in Man and Animal, but can be witnessed in his many photographic portraits and in the extensive portrait correspondence that…
Darwin in Conversation exhibition
Summary
Meet Charles Darwin as you have never met him before. Come to our exhibition at Cambridge University Library, running from 9 July to 3 December 2022, and discover a fascinating series of interwoven conversations with Darwin's many hundreds of…
Matches: 1 hits
- … 9 July – 3 December 2022 Milstein Exhibition Centre, Cambridge University …
Descent
Summary
There are more than five hundred letters associated with the research and writing of Darwin’s book, Descent of man and selection in relation to sex (Descent). They trace not only the tortuous route to eventual publication, but the development of Darwin’s…
Matches: 4 hits
- … large ’, and ‘ everlasting ’. By October 1869, eighteen months after had begun to write it, he …
- … chance to ‘ have a say so much ’. In October 1869 John Murray advertised a forthcoming ‘New …
- … On Expression of the Emotions’ ( Academy , 9 October 1869, pp. 15–16). By June 1870 Darwin had …
- … so. ‘Almost thou persuadest me’ wrote his old friend Asa Gray, ‘to have been “ a hairy quadruped, …
