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Cross and self fertilisation
Summary
The effects of cross and self fertilisation in the vegetable kingdom, published on 10 November 1876, was the result of a decade-long project to provide evidence for Darwin’s belief that ‘‘Nature thus tells us, in the most emphatic manner, that she abhors…
Matches: 16 hits
- … The effects of cross and self fertilisation in the vegetable kingdom , published on 10 …
- … own pollen. He set out to compare several generations of cross and self fertilised plants, comparing …
- … to long months and years of research on other projects, Cross and self fertilisation would …
- … germinate quicker than seeds produced by a cross between two distinct plants’ ( To J. D. Hooker, …
- … ). Darwin eagerly requested seed from both cross and self-fertilised plants in order to ‘compare …
- … on 30 January 1868. In April 1868, Darwin informed George Bentham, ‘I am experimenting on a …
- … of orchids are quite intelligible to me’ ( To George Bentham, 22 April 1868 ). A month later, he …
- … Drosera , Darwin had been able to concentrate solely on cross and self-fertilised plants, as he …
- … [1873] ). Darwin’s suspicion that sweet peas were cross fertilised in their native setting was …
- … [1873] ). In September, Darwin wrote a long letter to Nature commenting on a seemingly …
- … heights would be useful. He asked his mathematician son George whether it would be ‘an easy …
- … ( To G. H. Darwin, 8 January [1876] ). George explained the difficulties of lumping different …
- … kingdom’) to the more sober and cautious The effects of cross and self fertilisation in the …
- … 15 November 1876 ). In fact, Murray sold 1100 copies of Cross and self fertilisation at his …
- … A. R. Wallace, 13 December 1876 ). No reply to this letter has been found, but Darwin had long …
- … Most published reviews that appeared were also positive, but George Henslow, in his review in …
Darwin in letters, 1876: In the midst of life
Summary
1876 was the year in which the Darwins became grandparents for the first time. And tragically lost their daughter-in-law, Amy, who died just days after her son's birth. All the letters from 1876 are now published in volume 24 of The Correspondence…
Matches: 23 hits
- … ‘my wife … poor creature, has won only 2490 games’ ( letter to Asa Gray, 28 January 1876 ). …
- … suffered a serious concussion from a riding accident, and George Darwin’s ill-health grew worse, …
- … edition of Orchids and checking the page-proofs of Cross and self fertilisation , that the …
- … quantity of work’ left in him for ‘new matter’ (letter to Asa Gray, 28 January 1876). The …
- … to a reprint of the second edition of Climbing plants ( letter from R. F. Cooke, 23 February …
- … & I for blundering’, he cheerfully observed to Carus. ( Letter to J. V. Carus, 24 April 1876. …
- … of crossing’, was seen by Darwin as the companion to Cross and self fertilisation , which …
- … (Appendix II)). During a two-week holiday after finishing Cross and self fertilisation , Darwin …
- … year to write about his life ( Correspondence vol. 23, letter from Ernst von Hesse-Wartegg, 20 …
- … nowadays is evolution and it is the correct one’ ( letter from Nemo, [1876?] ). …
- … ignore the accusation made by the comparative anatomist St George Jackson Mivart in his Lessons …
- … him ‘basely’ and who had succeeded in giving him pain ( letter to A. R. Wallace, 17 June 1876 ). …
- … down completely until Mivart made a slanderous attack on George Darwin in late 1874 in an anonymous …
- … fearful that Mivart still had the capacity to damage George’s reputation. ‘I care little about …
- … ... supporting friends Despite being busy drafting Cross and self fertilisation , Darwin …
- … disgrace’ of blackballing so distinguished a zoologist ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 29 January 1876 ) …
- … must have been cast by the ‘poorest curs in London’ ( letter to W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, [4 February …
- … the Vivisec. Commissions recommendation this bill is’, George Darwin declared to his father on 31 …
- … Burdon Sanderson was keen for the society’s secretary, George Romanes, to write articles for the …
- … Pangenesis v. perigenesis The young zoologist George Romanes was also carrying out …
- … that he had copied three hundred pages of the draft of Cross and self fertilisation , and, unlike …
- … while Galton’s statistical analysis (later published in Cross and self fertilisation ) was a …
- … Darwin continued his own work by sending Francis proofs of Cross and self fertilisation to check …
Darwin's in letters, 1873: Animal or vegetable?
Summary
Having laboured for nearly five years on human evolution, sexual selection, and the expression of emotions, Darwin was able to devote 1873 almost exclusively to his beloved plants. He resumed work on the digestive powers of sundews and Venus fly traps, and…
Matches: 29 hits
- … in two books, Insectivorous plants (1875) and Cross and self fertilisation (1876). Darwin’s …
- … I omitted to observe, which I ought to have observed” ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 12 January [1873] …
- … work your wicked will on it—root leaf & branch!” ( letter from J. D. Hooker, 12 January 1873 ) …
- … parts of the flower would become modified & correlated” ( letter to T. H. Farrer, 14 August …
- … it again, “for Heaven knows when it will be ready” ( letter to John Murray, 4 May [1873] ). …
- … we take notes and take tracings of their burrows” ( letter from Francis Darwin, 14 August [1873] ) …
- … in importance; and if so more places will be created” ( letter to E. A. Darwin, 20 September 1873 …
- … our unfortunate family being fit for continuous work” ( letter from E. A. Darwin, 25 September …
- … 1873). Darwin asked one of his Scottish correspondents, George Cupples, who the author might be, …
- … on any point; for I knew my own ignorance before hand” ( letter to George Cupples, 28 April [1873] …
- … “he would fly at the Empr’s throat like a bulldog” ( letter from L. M. Forster to H. E. Litchfield, …
- … force & truth of the great principle of inheritance!” ( letter to F. S. B. F. de Chaumont, 3 …
- … the heavy breathing that accompanied sexual intercourse? (letter from ?, [1873?]). The Scottish …
- … with up lines; & sadness & decay with the reverse—” ( letter from William Main, 2 April …
- … with the advance of civilisation and good breeding ( letter from Henry Reeks, 3 March 1873 ). …
- … have never felt an inclination to have a second dose” ( letter from Robert Swinhoe, 26 March 1873 …
- … of an orbital one produces snapping of the jaws” ( letter from James Crichton-Browne, 16 April 1873 …
- … that illustrated the physiognomy of the disease ( letter to James Crichton-Browne, 30 December 1873 …
- … Hooker, John Lubbock, Herbert Spencer, John Tyndall, George Busk, and William Spottiswoode met with …
- … accepted, than Darwin reconsidered in favour of his son George. Keeping such editorial work in the …
- … A family affliction The job also suited George’s current situation, for he had been forced to …
- … problems that bore some resemblance to his father’s, George tried a variety of treatments during the …
- … recommended by Andrew Clark. “When I have an attack”, George complained, “I’m to starve sweat & …
- … offering to move the family to Malvern if it would make George more comfortable. Mindful of …
- … and responsibility for his children’s health. He wrote to George and Horace (who was also often …
- … to G. H. Darwin, 5 March [1873] ). Darwin worried too that George, perhaps owing to physical …
- … he was more reserved about an essay on religion, advising George to reconsider publication: “It is …
- … to G. H. Darwin, 21 October [1873] ). Darwin also warned George of the evils of “giving pain to …
- … They ran into difficulties, however, with the vicar, George Sketchley Ffinden, who had been …
George Eliot (Mary Ann Evans)
Summary
George Eliot was the pen name of celebrated Victorian novelist Mary Ann Evans (1819-1880). She was born on the outskirts of Nuneaton in Warwickshire and was educated at boarding schools from the age of five until she was 16. Her education ended when she…
Matches: 6 hits
- … George Eliot was the pen name of the celebrated Victorian novelist Mary Ann …
- … time. In 1851 she met the philosopher, writer and critic George Henry Lewes, who was to become her …
- … visitors (23 March 1873; Emma described his visit in a letter to Fanny Allen, [26 March 1873], DAR …
- … son-in-law, Henrietta and Richard Litchfield, might call; George Eliot’s reply was positive, also …
- … it too hot and left before the manifestations started ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 18 January [1874] …
- … (Emma Darwin’s diary (DAR 242) and Charles Darwin’s letter to Francis Darwin, [1 May 1876] ). …
Origin is 160; Darwin's 1875 letters now online
Summary
To mark the 160th anniversary of the publication of Origin of species, the full transcripts and footnotes of nearly 650 letters to and from Charles Darwin in 1875 are published online for the first time. You can read about Darwin's life in 1875…
Matches: 9 hits
- … the end of the year. At the same time, Darwin was writing Cross and self fertilisation , also …
- … very much more about the wide distribution of my books. ( Letter to R. F. Cooke, 29 June [1875] ) …
- … over the sickening work of preparing new Editions . ( Letter to J. D. Hooker, 18 August [1875] ) …
- … by the autumn he was able to start writing a new book, Cross and self fertilisation , summing up …
- … insensible, if the experiment made this possible ( Letter to H. E. Litchfield, 4 January [1875] …
- … me in the vestry of having made false statements ( Letter to John Lubbock, 8 April 1875 ) …
- … Such energy as yours almost always succeeds ( Letter to G. H. Darwin, 13 October [1875] ) …
- … done in science I owe to the study of his great works ( Letter to A. B. Buckley, 23 February 1875 …
- … act which any scientific Socy. has done in my time ( Letter to J. D. Hooker, [12 December 1875] ) …
Forms of flowers
Summary
Darwin’s book The different forms of flowers on plants of the same species, published in 1877, investigated the structural differences in the sexual organs of flowers of the same species. It drew on and expanded five articles Darwin had published on the…
Matches: 5 hits
- … Darwin began to receive remarks on his Primula paper. George Bentham confessed, ‘ Your …
- … work to his book on ‘the good effects of crossing’ ( Cross and self fertilisation ), telling his …
- … (p. 82) and clarified the meaning to Fritz Müller in a letter in September 1866, ‘ What I meant in …
- … into that of physiology. In his next book, The effects of cross and self fertilisation in the …
- … than in the short-styled form ’, Darwin annotated this letter, wondering, ‘Would it be worth while …
Darwin in letters, 1863: Quarrels at home, honours abroad
Summary
At the start of 1863, Charles Darwin was actively working on the manuscript of The variation of animals and plants under domestication, anticipating with excitement the construction of a hothouse to accommodate his increasingly varied botanical experiments…
Matches: 26 hits
- … that he was ‘unwell & must write briefly’ ( letter to John Scott, 31 May [1863] ), and in a …
- … persevered with his work on Variation until 20 July, his letter-writing dwindled considerably. The …
- … from ‘some Quadrumanum animal’, as he put it in a letter to J. D. Hooker of 24[–5] February [1863] …
- … ‘I declare I never in my life read anything grander’ ( letter to T. H. Huxley, 26 [February 1863] …
- … than Origin had (see Correspondence vol. 8, letter to Charles Lyell, 10 January [1860] ). …
- … from animals like the woolly mammoth and cave bear ( see letter from Jacques Boucher de Perthes, 23 …
- … leap from that of inferior animals made him ‘groan’ ( letter to Charles Lyell, 6 March [1863] ). …
- … out that species were not separately created’ ( letter to Charles Lyell, 17 March [1863] ). Public …
- … book he wished his one-time mentor had not said a word ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 24[–5] February …
- … I respect you, as my old honoured guide & master’ ( letter to Charles Lyell, 6 March [1863] ). …
- … against stronger statements regarding species change ( letter from Charles Lyell, 11 March 1863 ). …
- … thinking, while Huxley’s book would scare them off ( see letter from Asa Gray, 20 April 1863 ). In …
- … change of species by descent put him ‘into despair’ ( letter to Asa Gray, 11 May [1863] ). In the …
- … was gathering support in influential scientific circles. George Bentham devoted the first part of …
- … could not satisfy himself on all points ( see letter from George Bentham, 21 April 1863 ). …
- … on species, though so cleverly written’ ( letter to George Bentham, 19 June [1863] ). …
- … the Severn Valley Naturalists Field Club ( see letter from George Maw, 19 February 1863 ). Other …
- … Oliver for references on phyllotaxy, and setting his son George, the mathematician in the family, to …
- … produced by selective breeding, were either unable to cross or else formed sterile hybrids. Huxley …
- … for Darwin to continue the work on dimorphic plants, and on cross and hybrid sterility, that had …
- … a German botanist in Trinidad, and continued writing to George Henry Kendrick Thwaites, the director …
- … papers published later, and of Forms of flowers and Cross and self fertilisation , both …
- … noted in ‘Three forms of Lythrum salicaria ’. George contributed his mathematical …
- … Malvern Wells, Darwin stopped in London overnight to consult George Busk, former Hunterian Professor …
- … that even writing the letter was ‘against rules’. George Busk had diagnosed Darwin as having …
- … specialist at St Thomas’s Hospital, London ( letter from George Busk, [ c. 27 August 1863] ). …
Volume appendices
Summary
Here is a list of the appendices from the print volumes of the Correspondence of Charles Darwin with links to adapted online versions where they are available. Appendix I in each volume contains translations of letters in foreign languages and these can…
Matches: 4 hits
Darwin in letters, 1862: A multiplicity of experiments
Summary
1862 was a particularly productive year for Darwin. This was not only the case in his published output (two botanical papers and a book on the pollination mechanisms of orchids), but more particularly in the extent and breadth of the botanical experiments…
Matches: 28 hits
- … but really I do think you have a good right to be so’ ( letter from J. D. Hooker, [15 and] 20 …
- … species. Darwin attempted to dissuade him from this view ( letter to T. H. Huxley, 14 [January 1862 …
- … partially sterile together. He failed. Huxley replied ( letter from T. H. Huxley, 20 January 1862 …
- … and pronounced them ‘simply perfect’, but continued ( letter to T. H. Huxley, 18 December [1862] ) …
- … resigned to their difference of opinion, but complained ( letter to T. H. Huxley, 28 December [1862 …
- … letters, Darwin, impressed, gave him the commission ( see letter to John Scott, 11 December [1862] …
- … protégé, telling Hooker: ‘he is no common man’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 12 [December 1862] ). …
- … Towards the end of the year, he wrote to Hooker ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 12 [December 1862] ): …
- … and added, ‘new cases are tumbling in almost daily’ ( letter to Asa Gray, 22 January [1862] ). In …
- … to make observations on American species. Hooker and George Bentham at Kew were also tapped …
- … on the problem: ‘the labour is great’, he told Gray ( letter to Asa Gray, 10–20 June [1862] ), ‘I …
- … resulted from his ‘ enormous labour over them’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 14 [October 1862] ; …
- … Oliver: ‘I can see at least 3 classes of dimorphism’ ( letter to Daniel Oliver, 12 [April 1862] ), …
- … result once out of four or five sets of experiments’ ( letter to M. T. Masters, 24 July [1862] ). …
- … papers, and also of his books Forms of flowers and Cross and self fertilisation . One …
- … one species may be said to be generically distinct’ ( letter to Asa Gray, 14 July [1862] ). The …
- … and determined to publish on Linum ‘at once’ ( letter to John Scott, 11 December [1862] ), …
- … d . like to make out this wonderfully complex case—’ ( letter to Daniel Oliver, 29 [July 1862] ). …
- … The case clearly excited Darwin, who exclaimed to Gray ( letter to Asa Gray, 9 August [1862] ), ‘I …
- … that the case warranted a paper for the Linnean Society ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 6 October [1862] …
- … that had given him ‘great pleasure to ride’ ( letter to Asa Gray, 22 January [1862] ). But he …
- … know not in the least , whether the Book will sell’ ( letter to John Murray, 9 [February 1862] …
- … govern the structure of almost every flower’ ( letter to Daniel Oliver, 8 June [1862] ). …
- … so doubtful about anything I published’, he told Hooker ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 15 [May 1862] ). …
- … book!’, wrote Daniel Oliver on 14 May, and George Bentham pronounced it ‘most valuable’ (letter …
- … ). Moreover, it apparently worked. Gray told Darwin that George Bentham’s presidential address to …
- … his children to help with his botanical observations. George earned his father’s commendation for …
- … some observations. William, with the help of his brothers George and Francis, who were staying with …
John Murray
Summary
Darwin's most famous book On the origin of species by means of natural selection (Origin) was published on 22 November 1859. The publisher was John Murray, who specialised in non-fiction, particularly politics, travel and science, and had published…
Matches: 20 hits
- … end of 1845, Darwin was not happy with Colburn’s terms ( Letter 856 ). Instead he asked his friend …
- … John Murray, to open negotiations with his own publisher ( Letter 824 ). Lyell’s talk with Murray …
- … have transacted the business with me’ (27 August [1845] Letter 908 ). Thus began the business …
- … copies some pages in Darwin’s chapter were transposed ( Letter 1244 ). Darwin was anxious lest an …
- … & make the poor workman some present’ (12 June [1849] Letter 1245 ). Darwin’s next …
- … his ‘big species book’; on 18 June 1858, he received a letter from Alfred Russel Wallace with the …
- … asked Lyell to act as his intermediary with John Murray ( Letter 2437 ), who, without even reading …
- … not repent of having undertaken it’ (15 October [1859] Letter 2506 ). Murray decided on a retail …
- … proud at the appearance of my child’ ([3 November 1859] Letter 2514 ). In the event, all Murray’s …
- … – and a second edition was immediately called for ( Letter 2549 ). In the end Murray paid Darwin …
- … (Variation ), but work progressed slowly ( Letter 3078 ); meanwhile in 1862 Murray published On …
- … Murray only offered Darwin half profits for this title ( Letter 3261 ); it was never a best-seller …
- … ‘I fear it can never pay’ (3 January [1867] Letter 5346 ). In the end Murray decided to print …
- … to Brazil, the beginning of a life-long correspondence ( Letter 4881 ). Subsequently Darwin …
- … the risk himself. Murray suggested printing 750 copies ( Letter 6597 ), but Darwin decided on 1000 …
- … fail, I think, to be much read’ (28 September [1870] Letter 7329 ). Murray decided to print 2500 …
- … hope to Heaven book will sell well’ (12 January [1871] Letter 7438 ). A second printing was …
- … Wright‘s critical review, published in America, of St George Mivart‘s Genesis of species ( …
- … By November of that year, fourteen copies had been sold ( Letter 8044 ). Meanwhile, Darwin was …
- … year Darwin presented Murray with The effects of cross and self fertilisation in the vegetable …
Darwin in letters, 1868: Studying sex
Summary
The quantity of Darwin’s correspondence increased dramatically in 1868 due largely to his ever-widening research on human evolution and sexual selection.Darwin’s theory of sexual selection as applied to human descent led him to investigate aspects of the…
Matches: 28 hits
- … in satisfying female preference in the mating process. In a letter to Alfred Russel Wallace in 1864, …
- … of changing the races of man’ (Correspondence vol. 12, letter to A. R. Wallace, 28 [May 1864] ). …
- … book would take the form of a ‘short essay’ on man ( letter to Ernst Haeckel, 3 July 1868 ). But …
- … as well say, he would drink a little and not too much’ ( letter to Albert Günther, 15 May [1868] ) …
- … would be a great loss to the Book’. But Darwin’s angry letter to Murray crossed one from Dallas to …
- … of labour to remuneration I shall look rather blank’ ( letter from W. S. Dallas, 8 January 1868 ). …
- … if I try to read a few pages feel fairly nauseated’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 3 February [1868] ). …
- … in three parts in the Pall Mall Gazette , was by George Henry Lewes, well-known in London’s …
- … reviews. On 7 August 1868 , he wrote him a lengthy letter from the Isle of Wight on the formation …
- … would strike me in the face, but not behind my back’ ( letter to John Murray, 25 February [1868] ) …
- … ignorant article… . It is a disgrace to the paper’ ( letter from A. R. Wallace, 24 February [1868] …
- … ‘he is a scamp & I begin to think a veritable ass’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 1 September [1868] …
- … wrote of the colour of duck claws on 17 April 1868 . The letter was addressed to ‘the Rev d C. …
- … Advertiser headed ‘Freak of Nature’, describing a cross between a goldfinch and a green linnet …
- … proved very fruitful. On 1 May , Darwin received a letter from George Cupples, who was encouraged …
- … with the enthusiastic breeder, who apologised in a letter of 11–13 May 1868 for his ‘voluminuous …
- … of science On 27 February , Darwin sent a letter of thanks to the naturalist and …
- … he later added, ‘for it is clear that I have none’ ( letter to J. J. Weir, 30 May [1868] ). …
- … to various classes, a dim ray of light may be gained’ ( letter to H. T. Stainton, 21 February [1868 …
- … as well as of ‘victorious males getting wives’ ( letter to W. D. Fox, 25 February [1868] ). …
- … of females was remarked upon by other entomologists ( letter from Roland Trimen, 20 February 1868 …
- … and Coleoptera on 9 September . Darwin annotated a letter sent on 3 April by Henry Doubleday …
- … for as sure as life he wd find the odour sexual!’ ( letter to A . R. Wallace, 16 September [1868] …
- … Darwin passed Wallace’s pages over to his son George, now a Cambridge-trained mathematician, who …
- … the expression of natives faces as I meet them,’ wrote George Henry Kendrick Thwaites on 1 April …
- … in Reseda odorata , work he would later report in Cross and self fertilisation , pp. 119–20. …
- … for fellowship of the Linnean Society ( letter from George Bentham, [after 29 September 1868] ). …
- … now in life’. In January, the family learned the news that George’s performance on the mathematical …
All Darwin's letters from 1873 go online for the anniversary of Origin
Summary
To celebrate the 158th anniversary of the publication of Origin of species on 24 November, the full transcripts and footnotes of over 500 letters from and to Charles Darwin in 1873 are now available online. Read about Darwin's life in 1873 through his…
Matches: 7 hits
- … than proving a true act of digestion in Drosera. ( Letter to J. D. Hooker, 23 October [1873] ) …
- … I could give 2 scientific secretaries work to do ( Letter to E. A. Darwin, 20 September 1873 ) …
- … preparing to publish two more books in the near future, Cross and self fertilisation (1876), and …
- … have now been printed off, & most of them sold! ( Letter to J. D. Hooker, 12 January [1873] …
- … in April. Darwin asked one of his Scottish correspondents, George Cupples, who the author might be, …
- … you, as we should to an honoured & much loved brother. ( Letter to T. H. Huxley, 23 …
- … their meaning; some love of the new and marvellous ( Letter to Francis Galton, 28 May 1873 …
Darwin in letters, 1879: Tracing roots
Summary
Darwin spent a considerable part of 1879 in the eighteenth century. His journey back in time started when he decided to publish a biographical account of his grandfather Erasmus Darwin to accompany a translation of an essay on Erasmus’s evolutionary ideas…
Matches: 28 hits
- … his publishers, he warned that it was ‘dry as dust’ ( letter to R. F. Cooke, 9 September 1879 ). …
- … turned out, alas, very dull & has disappointed me much’ ( letter to Francis Galton, 15 [June …
- … home again’, he fretted, just days before his departure ( letter to W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, [after 26 …
- … many blessings, was finding old age ‘a dismal time’ ( letter to Henry Johnson, 24 September 1879 ) …
- … wrinkles one all over like a baked pear’ ( enclosure in letter from R. W. Dixon, 20 December 1879 …
- … itself, or gone some other way round?’ At least the last letter of 1879 contained a warmer note and …
- … office to complete Horace’s marriage settlement ( letter from W. M. Hacon, 31 December 1879 ). …
- … but they were ‘as nice and good as could be’ ( letter from Karl Beger, [ c. 12 February 1879] ) …
- … on your life’s work, which is crowned with glory’ ( letter from Ernst Haeckel, 9 February 1879 ). …
- … to wish Darwin a ‘long and serene evening of life’. This letter crossed with one from Darwin, …
- … the statement ‘In the beginning was carbon’ ( letter from Hermann Müller, 14 February 1879 ). …
- … as the ‘organ of “uncultivated materialism”’ ( letter from Francis Darwin, [after 2 June 1879 ]). …
- … adding a prologue, while his brother Erasmus proposed that George Darwin, Darwin’s son and a keen …
- … up the glory & would please Francis’, he pointed out ( letter from E. A. Darwin, 13 March [1879 …
- … wholly & shamefully ignorant of my grandfathers life’ ( letter to Ernst Krause, 14 March 1879 …
- … known philosopher and poet’ ( Correspondence vol. 1, letter from Francis Beaufort to Robert …
- … these things with the when & the where, & the who—’ ( letter from V. H. Darwin, 28 May …
- … paternal grandparents thought ‘perfect in every way’ ( letter from E. A. Wheler, 25 March 1879 ). …
- … heard of him ‘constantly, & always with pride’ ( letter from Reginald Darwin, 29 March 1879 ). …
- … essay might end up ‘interfering with each other’ ( letter to Ernst Krause, 27 March 1879 ). Darwin …
- … made such an introduction ‘almost indispensable’ ( letter from Ernst Krause, 7 June 1879 ). Darwin …
- … everything into ridicule. He hates scientific men’ ( letter to Ernst Krause, 14 May 1879 ). …
- … must be ‘in some degree interesting to the public’ ( letter to Reginald Darwin, 10 April [1879] ). …
- … ‘very tastefully and well, and with little fatigue’ ( letter to G. H. Darwin, 12 July 1879 , and …
- … ‘more perplexed than ever about life of D r . D’ ( letter to Francis Darwin, 12 July [1879] ). …
- … telling, and he regretted going beyond his ‘tether’ ( letter to W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, 5 June 1879 …
- … and Bernard proved to be a ‘capital traveller … neither cross nor ennuied’ (Emma Darwin to W. E. …
- … ‘Journal’). Nor did Darwin mention it when he told George Romanes on 14 September that he had …
Darwin in letters, 1875: Pulling strings
Summary
‘I am getting sick of insectivorous plants’, Darwin confessed in January 1875. He had worked on the subject intermittently since 1859, and had been steadily engaged on a book manuscript for nine months; January also saw the conclusion of a bitter dispute…
Matches: 29 hits
- … to devote more time to research, returning to the subject of cross and self-fertilisation. On 3 …
- … conclusion of a long-running dispute with the zoologist St George Jackson Mivart. In April and early …
- … controversy involved a slanderous attack upon Darwin’s son George, in an anonymous review in 1874 …
- … On 8 January , he told Hooker: ‘I will write a savage letter & that will do me some good, if I …
- … wrote on 6 January , ‘You have also greatly honoured George. You have indeed been a true friend.’ …
- … to the Editor … Poor Murray shuddered again & again’ ( letter from J. D. Hooker, 16 January …
- … reviewed in the same Quarterly article that attacked George. Darwin raised the matter at the end …
- … offered to pay the costs for printing an additional 250 ( letter to John Murray, 3 May 1875 ). …
- … & bless the day That ever you were born (letter from E. F. Lubbock, [after 2 …
- … encouraged further research on the effects of grafting by George John Romanes. A scientific …
- … that the originally red half has become wholly white’ ( letter from G. J. Romanes, [before 4 …
- … pp. 188–90). He drew attention to this discussion in a letter to George Rolleston, remarking on 2 …
- … Darwin wrote, ‘I beg ten thousand pardon & more’ ( letter to Francis Darwin, [ c . February …
- … signed himself, ‘Your affect son … the proofmaniac’ ( letter from Francis Darwin, 1 and 2 May [1875 …
- … it absorbs moisture & instantly rotates.’ George continued to suffer from poor …
- … wear away all the sooner for not trying to work too soon.’ George had begun research on tidal …
- … succeeds.’ ‘I’m afraid my letters smell of pitch,’ George replied on 26 October , ‘but I can …
- … In between his physics research and bouts of illness, George still found time to write articles for …
- … Dwight Whitney’s work on language (G. H. Darwin 1874c). George had taken the American scholar’s side …
- … professor of oriental languages, Friedrich Max Müller. George’s article also rehearsed some of …
- … was an ‘impossible barrier’ between humans and animals. George, in turn, quoted Whitney’s favourable …
- … cordially in letters (see Correspondence vol. 21), and George’s review prompted Max Müller to …
- … Max Müller also published an article in response to George’s essay, suggesting that ‘Mr Darwin, jun. …
- … both critical and reverential. On 16 July he received a letter from an advocate of women’s …
- … her presentation copy of Insectivorous plants ( letter to D. F. Nevill, 15 July [1875] ). Such …
- … of my house within the short time I can talk to anyone’ ( letter to John Lubbock, 3 May [1875] ). …
- … and had agreed to see him at Down with Thiselton-Dyer ( letter to W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, 7 July 1875 …
- … lay of hair in eyelashes and on arms, a typically lengthy letter full of personal observations, …
- … examination it was pronounced to be of a ‘high type’ ( letter from Woodward Emery, 17 September …
Darwin’s observations on his children
Summary
Charles Darwin’s observations on the development of his children, began the research that culminated in his book The Expression of the emotions in man and animals, published in 1872, and his article ‘A biographical sketch of an infant’, published in Mind…
Matches: 8 hits
- … ‘You will be forming theories about me & if I am cross or out of temper you will only consider …
- … 1852, by which time the Darwin family had increased by five: George Howard, born 9 July 1845; …
- … or knuckle from bosom.— Little frowns continually cross his face, when feeling uncomfortable, …
- … He continues to enjoy music exceedingly, & even when very cross is brought into ectascies by it— …
- … our door N o 12 and N o 11 is in the slit for the Letter box.— he decidedly ran past N o 11 …
- … has learned them from my sometimes changing the first letter in any word he is using—thus I say …
- … , pp. 131–2. [6] Correspondence vol. 2, letter from Emma Wedgwood, [23 January 1839] . …
- … House; Sally was probably her familiar name. [64] George Howard Darwin, born 1845. [65 …
Scientific Networks
Summary
Friendship|Mentors|Class|Gender In its broadest sense, a scientific network is a set of connections between people, places, and things that channel the communication of knowledge, and that substantially determine both its intellectual form and content,…
Matches: 24 hits
- … and colonial authorities. In the nineteenth-century, letter writing was one of the most important …
- … Other contacts such as William Bernard Tegetmeier and George Frederick Cupples, introduced him to …
- … in times of uncertainty, controversy, or personal loss. Letter writing was not only a means of …
- … botanist Asa Gray. Darwin and Hooker Letter 714 — Darwin, C. R. to Hooker, J. D. …
- … and he is curious about Hooker’s thoughts. Letter 729 — Darwin, C. R. to Hooker, J. D., …
- … to Hooker “it is like confessing a murder”. Letter 736 — Darwin, C. R. to Hooker, J. D. …
- … wide-ranging genera. Darwin and Gray Letter 1674 — Darwin, C. R. to Gray, …
- … and asks him to append the ranges of the species. Letter 1685 — Gray, Asa to Darwin, C. …
- … and relationships of alpine flora in the USA. Letter 2125 — Darwin, C. R. to Gray, Asa, …
- … and their approach to information exchange. Letter 1202 — Darwin, C. R. to Hooker, J. D …
- … first describer’s name to specific name. Letter 1220 — Hooker, J. D. to Darwin, C. R., …
- … perpetuity of names in species descriptions. Letter 1260 — Darwin, C. R. to Hooker, J. …
- … ends with a discussion of lamination of gneiss. Letter 1319 — Hooker, J. D. to Darwin, …
- … up his doubts about Darwin’s doctrines. In his second letter he talks about his visit with Falconer. …
- … was on the Beagle voyage and afterwards. Letter 152 — Darwin, C. R. to Henslow, J. …
- … is Henslow’s “bounden duty to lecture me”. Letter 196 — Henslow, J. S. to Darwin, C. R. …
- … sends home a copy of his notes on the specimens. Letter 249 — Henslow, J. S. to Darwin, …
- … sends news of Cambridge and mutual friends. Letter 251 — Darwin, C. R. to Henslow, J. S …
- … illness and specimens are sent to Henslow. Letter 272 — Darwin, C. R. to Henslow, J. S. …
- … heights. He writes of his zoological collection and plans to cross the Cordilleras. …
- … Hermann Müller. Darwin and Lubbock Letter 1585 — Darwin, C. R. to Lubbock, John, …
- … and it has reawakened his passion for entomology. Letter 1720 — Darwin, C. R. to …
- … 147 (1857): 79–100]. Darwin and Müller Letter 5457 — Müller, H. L. H. to Darwin, …
- … of the floral anatomy of Lopezia miniata . Letter 5471 — Darwin, C. R. to Müller, H. …
Jane Gray
Summary
Jane Loring Gray, the daughter of a Boston lawyer, married the Harvard botanist Asa Gray in 1848 and evidence suggests that she took an active interest in the scientific pursuits of her husband and his friends. Although she is only known to have…
Matches: 9 hits
- … exchanged letters in her own name with botanists such as George Bentham and Francis Boott. In one …
- … of ‘about 40 ladies and a few gentlemen’ (letter to Jane Gray from George Bentham, 10 March …
- … sending him observations about the behaviour of her dog (letter from J. L. Gray, 14 February 1870 …
- … of Darwin’s current research preoccupations. In their letter to Darwin from Egypt, Jane Gray wrote: …
- … old picture here of Fra Angelicos of the deposition from the cross— The Madonna has the distress …
- … informs me that in Fra Angelico’s ‘Descent from the Cross,’ in Florence, it is clearly exhibited in …
- … whilst I have won, hurrah, hurrah, 2795 games. (letter to Asa Gray, 28 January 1876 ) …
- … days after leaving Down. Two of the Darwins’ sons, George and Francis, saw the Grays when …
- … boys and for the gift of pincushions sent back with them (letter from Emma Darwin to Jane Gray, 28 …
Darwin in letters, 1877: Flowers and honours
Summary
Ever since the publication of Expression, Darwin’s research had centred firmly on botany. The year 1877 was no exception. The spring and early summer were spent completing Forms of flowers, his fifth book on a botanical topic. He then turned to the…
Matches: 30 hits
- … of respect and affection’. He hinted as much in his letter of 4 June : ‘you will see I have done …
- … have shared Hooker’s suspicion of ambitious gardeners ( letter from W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, 25 August …
- … method of recording leaf motion for extended periods. In a letter to Thiselton-Dyer of 11 October …
- … … tap one of the young leaves with a delicate twig’ ( letter to R. I. Lynch, 14 September 1877 ). …
- … publish the full paper. A disgruntled Darwin reported to George John Romanes on 23 May , ‘the …
- … , or to the vibratory flagella of some Infusoria’ ( letter from F. J. Cohn, 5 August 1877 ). …
- … in July 1877 (F. Darwin 1877b), and Darwin sent Cohn’s letter vindicating his son’s research to …
- … of language by children’. He wrote to the editor, George Croom Robertson, on 27 April 1877 , ‘I …
- … his sense of form and of motion was exact and lively’ ( letter from W. E. Gladstone, 23 October …
- … the Westphalian Provincial Society for Science and Art. In a letter to Darwin written before 16 …
- … the only one full-page in size. Haeckel sent a personal letter of congratulation on 9 February , …
- … (see Appendix V). The album arrived with a long letter from the director and secretary of the …
- … reported, ‘but found him as soft & smooth as butter’ ( letter to C. E. Norton, 16 March 1877 ) …
- … write to Owen & offer himself you & me to dejeuner!!!’ ( letter from J. D. Hooker, 14 June …
- … where I hope it may remain for centuries to come’ ( letter from C. C. Graham, 30 January 1877 ). …
- … you in the interests of truth, of man and of societies’ ( letter from Marcellin de Bonnal, [1877] …
- … to the old story to be horsewhipped by a duke!’ ( letter to J. M. Rodwell, 3 June 1877 ). Back …
- … frog spawn; the gospel of dirt the order of the day’ ( letter from E. A. Darwin, 27 January [1877] …
- … credence to racist prejudice in Descent of man . In a letter from an unknown correspondent on …
- … the subjects of Siebold’s study of medical monstrosity ( letter from C. T. E. Siebold, 10 October …
- … our blood and thus keep back our civilization’ ( letter from W. B. Bowles, 17 May 1877 ). Bowles …
- … and wives of ‘men of the white race’. In a follow-up letter he warned, ‘you find them in multituds …
- … view the creature, and Chesney even hoped that Darwin would cross the Atlantic for its inspection. …
- … with the aim of testing Darwin’s theory of pangenesis, George Romanes sent Darwin lengthy notes made …
- … Butler had visited Down House and become friendly with George and Francis. He wrote to Francis on …
- … an honorary doctorate of laws. Darwin learned about it from George before the official announcement, …
- … are going to formally offer you the L.L.D degree’, George wrote before 28 May 1877 , ‘please do …
- … to write about the manner of refusal if refuse you must’. George tried to reassure him on 28 May …
- … ). In the end, Darwin made the journey along with Emma. George, Francis, and Horace also attended. …
- … found time for scientific observation. Having lunched with George in Trinity College, he spotted …
Darwin in letters, 1864: Failing health
Summary
On receiving a photograph from Charles Darwin, the American botanist Asa Gray wrote on 11 July 1864: ‘the venerable beard gives the look of your having suffered, and … of having grown older’. Because of poor health, Because of poor health, Darwin…
Matches: 29 hits
- … of the five physicians Darwin had consulted in 1863. In a letter of 26[–7] March [1864] , Darwin …
- … and he received more letters of advice from Jenner. In a letter of 15 December [1864] to the …
- … As Darwin explained to his cousin William Darwin Fox in a letter of 30 November [1864] , ‘the …
- … observations indoors ( Correspondence vol. 11). In a letter of [27 January 1864] , Darwin …
- … gradation by which leaves produce tendrils’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, [8 February 1864] ). …
- … fearfully for it is a leaf climber & therefore sacred’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 2 June [1864] …
- … matters which routinists regard in the light of axioms’ ( letter from Daniel Oliver, [17 March 1864 …
- … long series of changes . . .’ When he told Asa Gray in a letter of 29 October [1864] that he was …
- … paper was published, Darwin remarked to Hooker in a letter of 26 November [1864] that nothing …
- … of the two species with the common oxlip. In a letter of 22 October [1864] , Darwin triumphantly …
- … family to collect specimens and make observations. His son George, who later studied mathematics at …
- … the ‘splendid case of Dimorphism’ in Menyanthes ( letter from Emma and Charles Darwin to W. E. …
- … insects; his correspondence with Gray, Philip Henry Gosse, George Chichester Oxenden, Friedrich …
- … this interest. At the start of the year, he received a letter, insect specimens, and an article on …
- … that it was ‘the best medicine for my stomach’ ( letter to Daniel Oliver, 17 February [1864] ). …
- … at the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, in 1862 with a letter regarding the fertilisation of the …
- … two years, with his stipend being paid by Darwin himself ( letter to J. D. Hooker, [1 April 1864] …
- … is difficult enough to play your part over them’ ( letter from J. D. Hooker, [2 April 1864] ). …
- … troublesome … they do require very careful treatment’ ( letter from J. D. Hooker, 8 April 1864 ). …
- … the conclusion that in giving I am hastening the fall’ ( letter from J. D. Hooker, 20 April 1864 ) …
- … his indomitable perseverance, and his knowledge’ ( letter to John Scott, 10 June 1864 ). Hooker …
- … basis he recommended a first-class cabin for the journey ( letter from J. D. Hooker, [15 August …
- … and curators at a great distance. Gray forwarded a letter from Charles Wright, a plant collector in …
- … to the materialist philosophy of Ludwig Buchner ( letter from Hermann Kindt, 5 September 1864 ). …
- … himself. Haeckel’s scientific life, he reported in a letter of 9 [July 1864] , had been …
- … often called me her German “Darwin–Mann” ’ ( letter from Ernst Haeckel, 10 August 1864 ). Haeckel …
- … support for Darwin’s theory and his work on hybridity that George Bentham expressed in his …
- … of supporters on the Council, including Hugh Falconer and George Busk, who had nominated him, the …
- … ill. In Darwin’s absence, the Copley Medal was received by George Busk and deposited with Darwin’s …
Darwin’s Photographic Portraits
Summary
Darwin was a photography enthusiast. This is evident not only in his use of photography for the study of Expression and Emotions in Man and Animal, but can be witnessed in his many photographic portraits and in the extensive portrait correspondence that…
Matches: 6 hits
- … to the copy he had sent five years previously in his 1860 letter to Hooker , Darwin exclaimed …
- … gaze. These photographs were rarely included in a Darwin letter, save for perhaps a very few close …
- … taken for public consumption. Responding to a letter from a German translator – Adolph …
- … which you do me the honour to wish to possess.” As the letter and photograph had to travel from Down …
- … new books – on Insectivorous Plants , The Effects of Cross and Self Fertilisation in the …
- … Men of Mark included individuals such as Astronomer Royal, George Biddle Airy, and friend and close …
