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Darwin in letters, 1847-1850: Microscopes and barnacles
Summary
Darwin's study of barnacles, begun in 1844, took him eight years to complete. The correspondence reveals how his interest in a species found during the Beagle voyage developed into an investigation of the comparative anatomy of other cirripedes and…
Matches: 22 hits
- … Species theory In November 1845, Charles Darwin wrote to his friend and confidant Joseph …
- … summer to finish my S. American geology; then to get out a little zoology & hurrah for my …
- … ). In the event, the ‘little zoology’ turned out to be a study of barnacles that spanned eight years …
- … and Fossil Cirripedia (1851, 1854). What led Darwin to engage in this work when he was …
- … The correspondence reveals how his initial interest in a singular species found during the Beagle …
- … group. Light is shed on the close relationship between Darwin’s systematic descriptive work and the …
- … to this work and that guided his observations through a difficult, often frustrating taxonomical …
- … explained in detail in letters to friends and relatives, Darwin felt sufficiently restored in health …
- … Phillips, and Daniel Sharpe, demonstrating the extent of Darwin’s continued involvement in …
- … and naturalists, most notably James Dwight Dana, Henry Darwin Rogers, and Bernhard Studer, and the …
- … In the midst of all this activity, Hooker responds to Darwin’s particular queries and sends …
- … on geology ( letter to J. F. W. Herschel, 4 February [1848] ). Letters between Darwin and Richard …
- … on board ship ( see letter to Richard Owen, [26 March 1848] ). Darwin’s chapter plainly calls on …
- … plausible the theory of Louis Agassiz, who had proposed that a glacier blocking the foot of Glen Roy …
- … a notion which was roundly criticised by William Hopkins in 1848. Hopkins maintained that transport …
- … ‘desideratum’ ( letter to J. L. R. Agassiz, 22 October 1848 ), was accepted by Darwin, and he …
- … the group, turned over some notes he had made, and, early in 1848, obtained permission for Darwin to …
- … & Species theory al Diabolo together During 1848, Darwin examined the genera Ibla …
- … is all gospel.—’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 10 May 1848 ). Once Darwin had decided to …
- … both had served ( Correspondence vol. 2, letters to H. E. Strickland). Darwin’s task was …
- … rule of priority for the sake of expedience ( letter to H. E. Strickland, [4 February 1849] ), but …
- … this period, especially in 1847 and during the last half of 1848 and the beginning of 1849. When his …
Darwin and the Church
Summary
The story of Charles Darwin’s involvement with the church is one that is told far too rarely. It shows another side of the man who is more often remembered for his personal struggles with faith, or for his role in large-scale controversies over the…
Matches: 14 hits
- … The story of Charles Darwin’s involvement with the church is one that is told far too rarely. It …
- … religion. His local activities in the village of Down paint a fascinating picture of a man who, …
- … were comparatively small, well-educated, and allowed for a greater variance of belief (and doubt) …
- … to belong to that institution (Autobiography 75). A nominal adherence to the Anglican Church’s …
- … an Oxbridge degree was often crucial, in turn, in securing a position in the most prestigious …
- … income was essential to enjoy a gentlemanly lifestyle. For Darwin, who could rely on the financial …
- … compatible with the pursuit of scientific interests. Indeed, Darwin’s Cambridge mentor, John Stevens …
- … (Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine (1887): 321). Darwin started on his journey around the world …
- … it even through a grove of Palms.—’ (letter to Caroline Darwin, 25–6 April [1832] ). Darwin’s …
- … British Museum or some other learned place’ (letter from E. A. Darwin, 18 August [1832] ). …
- … from the late 1830s, and in correspondence with his fiancée, Emma Wedgwood, in 1838 and 1839, as can …
- … suggesting a remedy for toothache (letter to J. B. Innes, [1848] ). Darwin then wrote to discuss …
- … Clothing Fund (a local charity), which he administered from 1848 to 1869 (letter to J. B. Innes, …
- … Victorian clergy. London: Croom Helm. Keppel, T. E. 1887. The country parson as he was, and as …
Darwin’s reading notebooks
Summary
In April 1838, Darwin began recording the titles of books he had read and the books he wished to read in Notebook C (Notebooks, pp. 319–28). In 1839, these lists were copied and continued in separate notebooks. The first of these reading notebooks (DAR 119…
Matches: 27 hits
- … In April 1838, Darwin began recording the titles of books he had read and the books he wished …
- … used these notebooks extensively in dating and annotating Darwin’s letters; the full transcript …
- … *128). For clarity, the transcript does not record Darwin’s alterations. The spelling and …
- … book had been consulted. Those cases where it appears that Darwin made a genuine deletion have been …
- … a few instances, primarily in the ‘Books Read’ sections, Darwin recorded that a work had been …
- … of the books listed in the other two notebooks. Sometimes Darwin recorded that an abstract of the …
- … own. Soon after beginning his first reading notebook, Darwin began to separate the scientific …
- … 1819]. see p. 17 Note Book C. for reference to authors about E. Indian Islands 8 consult D r …
- … of variation in animals in the different isl ds of E Indian Archipelago— [DAR *119: 6v.] …
- … & Rev. W. Herbert.— notes to White Nat. Hist of Selbourne [E. T. Bennett ed. 1837 and [J. Rennie …
- … 2 vols. 8vo. avec 2 atlas 4to. ibid, 1818–23. £1 2 s [E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1818–23] …
- … said to be Poor Sir. J. Edwards Botanical Tour [?J. E. Smith 1793] Fabricius (very old …
- … at Maer.— Lives of Kepler & Galileo. Drinkwater [J. E. Drinkwater] 1833]— Prof. …
- … on Aurochs [Weissenborn 1838] Smiths grammar [J. E. Smith 1821] & introduct of Botany [J. …
- … 1842]. Life of D. of Marlborough [A. Alison 1848]— (read) Montagus Translat of Visa …
- … 1834] (& of Europe?) [Gould 1832–7] & of Australia [Gould 1848]; well worth studying for …
- … [Dandolo 1825] /good/ M rs Whitby [Whitby 1848] In Library of Entomological Society & …
- … [E. Phipps 1850] L d . Harveys Memoirs [Hervey 1848] Cuming Lion Hunter [Cumming …
- … 1818] (Brougham) Ermans Travels in Siberia [Erman 1848] (Boot) 44 (read) Bethunes …
- … Horace Walpoles letter to C t . of Ossory [Walpole 1848] Lamb’s Letters [Lamb 1837] (read) …
- … [Godwin 1835] Brookes last Journal by Mundy [Mundy 1848] Goldsmiths life by Forster …
- … Bernier, François. 1826. Travels in the Mogul Empire A.D. 1656–1668 . Translated by Irving …
- … Bethune, John. 1840. Poems by the late John Bethune; with a sketch of the author’s life by his …
- … eds.] 119: 11a Blacklock, Ambrose. 1838. A treatise on sheep; with the best means …
- … Blaine, Delabere Pritchett. 1824. Canine pathology; or, a full description of the diseases of …
- … ——. 1840. An encyclopædia of rural sports; or, a complete account, historical, practical, …
- … 1844. Algeria, past and present. Containing a description of the country … with a review of …
Scientific Networks
Summary
Friendship|Mentors|Class|Gender In its broadest sense, a scientific network is a set of connections between people, places, and things that channel the communication of knowledge, and that substantially determine both its intellectual form and content,…
Matches: 17 hits
- … | Class | Gender In its broadest sense, a scientific network is a set of connections …
- … activities for building and maintaining such connections. Darwin's networks extended from his …
- … Bonds of friendship were very important in science in a period when strong institutional structures …
- … controversy, or personal loss. Letter writing was not only a means of sustaining such friendships …
- … section contains two sets of letters. The first is between Darwin and his friend Kew botanist J. D. …
- … about Hooker’s thoughts. Letter 729 — Darwin, C. R. to Hooker, J. D., [11 Jan 1844] …
- … not immutable. He admits to Hooker “it is like confessing a murder”. Letter 736 — …
- … of wide-ranging species to wide-ranging genera. Darwin and Gray Letter 1674 …
- … and questions Gray on the alpine flora of the USA. He sends a list of plants from Gray’s Manual of …
- … C. R. to Gray, Asa, 20 July [1857] Darwin writes a challenging letter to Gray, saying: “But my …
- … why he believes species of the same genus generally have a common or continuous area; they are …
- … Letter 1202 — Darwin, C. R. to Hooker, J. D., 6 Oct [1848] Darwin catches up on personal …
- … He thanks Darwin for saving his correspondence. He sent “a yarn about species” in October mail, and …
- … by discussing their correspondence. He then moves on to a discussion of the great dam across Yangma …
- … Letter 1189 — Darwin, C. R. to Henslow, J. S., 2 July [1848] Darwin criticises the lecturing …
- … . Letter 4260a — Darwin, C. R. to Becker, L. E., 2 Aug [1863] Darwin thanks Lydia …
- … Letter 1176 — Darwin, C. R. to Darwin, Emma, [20–1 May 1848] Darwin writes to his wife Emma. …
People featured in the Dutch photograph album
Summary
Here is a list of people that appeared in the photograph album Darwin received for his birthday on 12 February 1877 from scientific admirers in the Netherlands. Many thanks to Hester Loeff for identifying and researching them. No. …
Matches: 6 hits
- … list of people that appeared in the photograph album Darwin received for his birthday on 12 …
- … 29 Hengeloo 28 december 1848 Amsterdam 27 july 1913 Den Haag …
- … Apothecary Leeuwarden 21 may 1848 Leeuwarden …
- … for ladies and Gymnasium. Arnhem 1848 Spanbroek 22 …
- … School. Almelo 18 november 1848 Leeuwarden 13 April 1917 …
- … Physician Deventer 5 april 1848 Haren 1 july 1919 …
3.5 William Darwin, photo 2
Summary
< Back to Introduction Darwin’s son William, who had become a banker in Southampton, took the opportunity of a short visit home to Down House in April 1864 to photograph his father afresh. This half-length portrait was the first to show Darwin with a…
Matches: 11 hits
- … < Back to Introduction Darwin’s son William, who had become a banker in Southampton, …
- … out’ for copies, and would be ‘enchanted’ by Darwin’s new persona. When Asa Gray received the …
- … from Christ’s College days, Benjamin Dann Walsh, thought Darwin looked little changed, except for …
- … Naudin also received copies of William’s photograph, Darwin explaining to the latter that he had ‘no …
- … bringing down the tables of the law to the Israelites, a newly unveiled mural in the House of …
- … features of ‘Ignorant’, ‘Insane’ and ‘Idiotic’. Darwin himself, in a letter of 1848, had jested that …
- … of course more fashionable, but the dramatic luxuriance of Darwin’s beard (untrimmed except round …
- … of technical polish and its blurred, shadowy tones, William Darwin’s photograph of his father was …
- … was a cause of later confusion). According to a letter from Darwin’s daughter Henrietta to her …
- … letter to Joseph Hooker, who was then in Calcutta, 10 May 1848 (DCP-LETT-1174). William Darwin’s …
- … German edition, from 4 th English edition (Stuttgart: E. Schweizerbart, 1867), frontispiece …
People featured in the Dutch photograph album
Summary
List of people appearing in the photograph album Darwin received from scientific admirers in the Netherlands for his birthday on 12 February 1877. We are grateful to Hester Loeff for providing this list and for permission to make her research available.…
Matches: 8 hits
- … List of people appearing in the photograph album Darwin received from scientific admirers in …
- … 29 Hengeloo 28 December 1848 Amsterdam 27 July 1913 Den Haag …
- … Died just a few months after the album was sent to Charles Darwin at the age of 53 …
- … Apothecary Leeuwarden 21 May 1848 Leeuwarden …
- … Geologist, Economist an Darwinist. Corresponded with Darwin and translated The descent of Man in …
- … for ladies and Gymnasium. Arnhem 1848 Spanbroek 22 …
- … School. Almelo 18 November 1848 Leeuwarden 13 April 1917 …
- … Physician Deventer 5 April 1848 Haren 1 July 1919 …
Julia Wedgwood
Summary
Charles Darwin’s readership largely consisted of other well-educated Victorian men, nonetheless, some women did read, review, and respond to Darwin’s work. One of these women was Darwin’s own niece, Julia Wedgwood, known in the family as “Snow”. In July…
Matches: 17 hits
- … Though Charles Darwin’s readership largely consisted of other well-educated Victorian men, a few …
- … Julia Wedgwood. She was the eldest child of Emma Darwin’s brother, Hensleigh Wedgwood, and …
- … education though irregular was the best then available to a young woman. She attended Rachel …
- … she was writing her biography of Charlotte Bronte. She made a successful debut as a novelist in 1857 …
- … novel. Her first important periodical contributions were on Darwin, Lyell, the debate on the origins …
- … Linlathen. In her later years she was assisted by the young E. M. Forster, who thought highly of …
- … management and free her to devote her time to her work. Emma Darwin was irritated by Wedgwood family …
- … of her teachers and the proximity of her uncle Charles Darwin, she ought, she said, “to have been …
- … disappointment at what she saw as his contribution to a growing agnosticism, admiration for his work …
- … about On the Origin of Species . Wedgwood welcomed Darwin’s discoveries and sought to understand …
- … churchmen were eventually reconciled with Darwinism. Darwin wrote to his niece: “I must tell you how …
- … think that you understand my book perfectly, and that I find a very rare event with my critics”. ( …
- … Wallace.) In it Wedgwood largely avoided the debate on Darwin’s explanation of the natural …
- … in animal and human behaviour, particularly in courtship. Darwin’s emphasis on man’s discovery of …
- … sexual selection] with approbation.” ( Charles and Emma Darwin to F. J. Wedgwood, [March 1871?] .) …
- … but in deference to Henrietta’s objections produced a sanitised version toning down Darwin’s …
- … of the most gifted Englishwomen of her time”. The other, E. M. Forster, retained a vivid memory of …
Hermann Müller
Summary
Hermann (Heinrich Ludwig Hermann) Müller, was born in Mühlberg near Erfurt in 1829. He was the younger brother of Fritz Müller (1822–97). Following the completion of his secondary education at Erfurt in 1848, he studied natural sciences at Halle and Berlin…
Matches: 9 hits
- … the completion of his secondary education at Erfurt in 1848, he studied natural sciences at Halle …
- … as mathematics and German to younger students. Less than a year later, he married Sophie Lempke, a …
- … teacher of natural sciences in the whole province. As a scientific researcher, Müller did not …
- … an article, ‘Thatsachen der Laubmooskunde für Darwin’ (Facts from the science of mosses for Darwin) …
- … his plans to study Westphalian orchids, inspired both by Darwin’s work on orchids and observations …
- … of orchids. Müller did not merely repeat Darwin’s observations, but began looking at the ways …
- … visitors from gaining access. In October 1867, Müller sent Darwin a letter describing his …
- … flowers by means of insects and their mutual adaptations). Darwin could not wait to finish the book …
- … ordered a copy to be sent to the Royal Society of London. Darwin was instrumental in getting a …
Darwin’s observations on his children
Summary
Charles Darwin’s observations on the development of his children, began the research that culminated in his book The Expression of the emotions in man and animals, published in 1872, and his article ‘A biographical sketch of an infant’, published in Mind…
Matches: 22 hits
- … Charles Darwin’s observations on the development of his children,[1] began the …
- … in man and animals , published in 1872, and his article ‘A biographical sketch of an infant’, …
- … is available below . As with much of his other work, Darwin gathered additional information on the …
- … scientific correspondents and, in 1867, by preparing a printed questionnaire.[3] He solicited …
- … lunatics, the blind, and animals. And as early as 1839 Darwin had begun to collect information on …
- … the expression of emotions. As the following transcript of Darwin’s notes reveals, he closely …
- … William Erasmus, the stages of his development suggesting to Darwin those expressions which are …
- … The tone of the manuscript reflects an aspect of Darwin’s character clearly perceived by Emma during …
- … “What does that prove”.’[6] For in these notes, Darwin’s deep scientific curiosity transcends his …
- … memories.[8] Yet, though the dissociation was essential for Darwin’s scientific goal, the notes here …
- … 1844, Henrietta Emma was one year old, and there are a few entries relating to her. However, at this …
- … the onset of frowning, smiling, etc., as was the focus of Darwin’s attention on William and Anne, …
- … diaphragm, so as to allow gas to escape from stomach.— A person trying to liberate air from stomach …
- … his eyebrows are very little prominent, & with scarcely a vestige of down,—therefore if frowning …
- … At his 9 th day however he appeared to follow a candle with his eyes.— In crying, frowns …
- … old, smiled, but certainly not from pleasure, but merely a chance movement of muscles, without a …
- … of eye during sucking change. into vacancy & then into a swimming expression, with half closed …
- … I have no doubt this rolling of the eyes is connected with a tendency for them to turn upwards & …
- … the same time Henrietta smiled at 3 weeks & Mrs Locke says a fortnight[15] I have …
- … mother. & mine; I think was once attracted by noise towards a certain point. — Has no definite …
- … books that she could recall encountering as a child (H. E. Litchfield papers, CUL). [60] …
- … Darwin, born 1850. [62] Francis Darwin, born 1848. [63] Sarah was presumably a servant …
Darwin in letters, 1864: Failing health
Summary
On receiving a photograph from Charles Darwin, the American botanist Asa Gray wrote on 11 July 1864: ‘the venerable beard gives the look of your having suffered, and … of having grown older’. Because of poor health, Because of poor health, Darwin…
Matches: 20 hits
- … On receiving a photograph from Charles Darwin, the American botanist Asa Gray wrote on 11 …
- … … of having grown older’. This portrait, the first of Darwin with his now famous beard, had been …
- … of dimorphic plants with William’s help; he also ordered a selection of new climbing plants for his …
- … 52 hours without vomiting!! In the same month, Darwin began to consult William Jenner, …
- … physician-in-ordinary to Queen Victoria. Jenner prescribed a variety of antacids and purgatives, and …
- … the dimorphic aquatic cut-grass Leersia . In May, Darwin finished his paper on Lythrum …
- … continued throughout the summer. When he finished a preliminary draft of his paper on climbing …
- … he had set aside the previous summer. In October, Darwin let his friends know that on his …
- … and he received more letters of advice from Jenner. In a letter of 15 December [1864] to the …
- … November and December were also marked by the award to Darwin of the Royal Society’s Copley Medal; …
- … been unsuccessfully nominated the two previous years. As Darwin explained to his cousin William …
- … arose over the grounds on which it was conferred, brought a dramatic conclusion to the year. Darwin …
- … his observations indoors ( Correspondence vol. 11). In a letter of [27 January 1864] , Darwin …
- … However, the queries that Darwin, describing himself as ‘a broken-down brother-naturalist’, sent to …
- … for another specimen: ‘I want it fearfully for it is a leaf climber & therefore sacred’ ( …
- … transitional forms. Darwin came to think, for example, that a leaf, while still serving the …
- … nothing had interested him so much since his discovery in 1848 of what he called ‘Complemental males …
- … Menyanthes ( letter from Emma and Charles Darwin to W. E. Darwin, [20 May 1864] ), or his …
- … circulating with the 1864 subscription fund ( letter from E. A. Darwin, 1 February [1864] ). …
- … … & too light to turn into candlesticks’ ( letter from E. A. Darwin, 1 December 1864 ). …
Darwin in letters,1866: Survival of the fittest
Summary
The year 1866 began well for Charles Darwin, as his health, after several years of illness, was now considerably improved. In February, Darwin received a request from his publisher, John Murray, for a new edition of Origin. Darwin got the fourth…
Matches: 16 hits
- … The year 1866 began well for Charles Darwin, as his health, after several years of illness, was now …
- … all but the concluding chapter of the work was submitted by Darwin to his publisher in December. …
- … hypothesis of hereditary transmission. Debate about Darwin’s theory of transmutation …
- … of special creation on the basis of alleged evidence of a global ice age, while Asa Gray pressed …
- … for the Advancement of Science. Fuller consideration of Darwin’s work was given by Hooker in an …
- … the details of Hooker’s proposed talk formed the basis of a lengthy and lively exchange of letters …
- … frustrations were punctuated by family bereavement. Two of Darwin’s sisters died, Emily Catherine …
- … responded philosophically to these deaths, regarding both as a merciful release from painful illness …
- … after the startling apparition of your face at R.S. Soirèe—which I dreamed of 2 nights running. …
- … on those terms so you are in for it’ ( letter from H. E. Darwin, [ c . 10 May 1866] ). …
- … Georg Bronn, had been published in 1860 and 1863 by the firm E. Schweizerbart’sche …
- … was ‘merely ordinaryly diœcious’ ( letter from W. E. Darwin, [7 May – 11 June 1866] ). On …
- … a case of dimorphic becoming diœcious’ ( letter from W. E. Darwin, 20 June [1866] ). Darwin …
- … I am well accustomed to such explosions’ ( letter to W. E. Darwin, 22 June [1866] ). He urged …
- … family house in Shrewsbury after their father’s death in 1848 until Catherine married in 1863. …
- … indeed at poor Susan’s loneliness’ ( letter from E. C. Langton to Emma and Charles Darwin, [6 and 7 …
