To G. H. K. Thwaites 29 December [1862]
Summary
Asks for any authentic cases of "sports", which CD calls "bud-variations". Flowers introduced from warmer temperate regions are said to be particularly apt to sport in this way.
CD now has proof that Cinchona is dimorphic and that some dimorphic plants are absolutely sterile with their own-form pollen.
Asks GHKT to examine or send pollen specimens of two Ceylon genera.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | George Henry Kendrick Thwaites |
Date: | 29 Dec [1862] |
Classmark: | Cleveland Health Sciences Library (Robert M. Stecher collection) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-3880 |
To J. D. Hooker 24 December [1862]
Summary
Thanks for Dawson’s letter. Doubts his evidence that climate of land was not glacial when upheaved after submergence.
Encloses memorandum of questions for C. V. Naudin.
Expression of the emotions.
Is building a hothouse for plant experimenting.
JDH’s ideas on America are more atrocious than his. What a new idea that struggle for existence is necessary to try to purge a government! Probably true. Slavery draws him one way one day, another the next. Yankees are "detestable toward us". Tocqueville.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Joseph Dalton Hooker |
Date: | 24 Dec [1862] |
Classmark: | DAR 115: 177 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-3875 |
Matches: 5 hits
- … 13 January [1862] and 15 February [1863] , and letter to George Henry Turnbull, [16? …
- … in late January and early February 1863 (see Correspondence vol. 11, letters to J. D. …
- … to C. V. Naudin, 7 February 1863 . Gustav Mann . See letter from J. D. Hooker, [21 …
- … see Correspondence vol. 11, letter from J. D. Hooker, 24 January 1863 ), and may be the …
- … 1863] ). CD had recently attempted, unsuccessfully, to grow plants for experimental purposes in a heated glass case (see letter …
To H. W. Bates 13 January [1862]
Summary
Has been in bad health and has just read HWB’s MS in the last two days. Praises the book; assured it will be successful. Offers to write to Murray. Hooker interested in conclusions on colour.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Henry Walter Bates |
Date: | 13 Jan [1862] |
Classmark: | Cleveland Health Sciences Library (Robert M. Stecher collection) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-3382 |
Matches: 4 hits
- … naturalist on the River Amazons ( Bates 1863 ; see letters from H. W. Bates, 6 January …
- … due to the climate ( Bates 1863 , 1: 21). See also letter from H. W. Bates, 6 January …
- … 1863 , 1: 99, 2: 113). Bates had asked CD to comment on his treatment of remarks made by Karl Hermann Konrad Burmeister on the nature of tropical forests (see letter …
- … letter to H. W. Bates, 25 September [ 1861] ). In the published version of the passage to which CD refers ( Bates 1863 , …
To Asa Gray 15 March [1862]
Summary
Gives some observations on changes in pistil position with age in Monochaetum. Asks whether AG can observe Rhexia for similar movements.
"One of the best men, though at present unknown", H. W. Bates, has taken up natural selection.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Asa Gray |
Date: | 15 Mar [1862] |
Classmark: | Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (64) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-3473 |
Matches: 3 hits
- … Appendix III. CD refers to Bronn trans. 1863 (see letter from H. G. Bronn, [before 11 …
- … selection ( Bates 1862a , p. 513). Bates 1863 . See letter to H. W. Bates, 13 January [ …
- … letter to Asa Gray, 16 February [1862] . He had begun crossing experiments with Monochaetum ensiferum on 7 February 1862, and continued to work on the species until May 1863. …
To Hugh Falconer 1 October [1862]
Summary
Extreme interest in MS of HF’s paper on the American fossil elephant [Nat. Hist. Rev. n.s. 3 (1863): 43–114].
Pleased HF does not believe in immutable species. Significance of proboscidean group verging towards extinction. Comments on natural selection preserving type despite variability. Natural selection solves problem of how every part of each creature has become adapted.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Hugh Falconer |
Date: | 1 Oct [1862] |
Classmark: | DAR 144: 25 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-3746 |
Matches: 5 hits
- … number of the Natural History Review ( Falconer 1863 ); in his letter to CD …
- … vol. 2, letter to Richard Owen, [March 1843 – 15 May 1846] . Falconer 1863 , p. 79. In …
- … his letter to CD of 24–7 September [1862] . The paper was published in the January 1863 …
- … Falconer 1863 , p. 80). See n. 12, above. See n. 7, above. See letter from Hugh …
- … 1863] ( Correspondence vol. 11), Falconer told CD that although he had made some additions to the manuscript in response to CD’s comments, he had not altered the existing text. CD had known Falconer since at least November 1845 (see Correspondence vol. 3, letters …
To Asa Gray 23 November [1862]
Summary
Recommends H. W. Bates’s paper on butterflies of Amazonia ["Insect fauna of the Amazon valley", Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 23 (1862): 495–566].
Lyell’s book [Antiquity of man (1863)] is eagerly awaited.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Asa Gray |
Date: | 23 Nov [1862] |
Classmark: | Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (49) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-3820 |
Matches: 3 hits
- … return to the school until January 1863 (see letter to W. E. Darwin, 26 April [1862] , …
- … Correspondence vol. 11, letter to Asa Gray, 19 January [1863] ). Gray had sent CD a copy …
- … letter from Emma Darwin to William Erasmus Darwin of [13 November 1862] (DAR 219.1: 69). In addition, the Wellesley index reports that a cheque was paid to F. J. Wedgwood for a contribution to this number of the magazine. Bates 1862a . CD refers to Charles Lyell’s Antiquity of man ( C. Lyell 1863a ), which was not published until 6 February 1863 ( …
To T. W. Woodbury 7 December [1862]
Summary
Cannot aid TWW with respect to bees from East Indies. Suggests he write to Edward Blyth.
Thanks him for getting query on variation in bees circulated in Germany.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Thomas White Woodbury |
Date: | 7 Dec [1862] |
Classmark: | DAR 148: 374 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-3849 |
To W. B. Tegetmeier 27 [December 1862]
Summary
CD interested in hybrid sterility and encloses his preliminary MS. Outlines experiments to test for existence of sterility in breeds of poultry and pigeons.
Experiments on dimorphism have led him to change in part his opinion as given in Origin, and he is now asking pigeon and poultry fanciers for any examples of special selective sterility [i.e., a particular pair are sterile when crossed, but each individual is fertile with others] and hopes to investigate its inheritance.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | William Bernhard Tegetmeier |
Date: | 27 [Dec 1862] |
Classmark: | Archives of the New York Botanical Garden (Charles Finney Cox Collection) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-3877 |
Matches: 6 hits
- … Tegetmeier carried out the crosses between 1863 and 1865 (see letters from W. B. …
- … the experiments in his letter to Tegetmeier of 9 July [1863] ( Correspondence vol. 11). …
- … of sterility’ (see letters from W. B. Tegetmeier, 7 July 1863 ( Correspondence vol. 11) …
- … Correspondence vol. 11, letter to W. B. Tegetmeier, 19 February [1863] ). The list is …
- … letter to T. H. Huxley, 28 December [1862] . On 1 December 1862, the council of the Royal Society of London resolved to grant £10 to Tegetmeier for ‘experiments on the cross-breeding of pigeons’ (Royal Society, Council minutes, 1 December 1862). Between 1863 …
- … 1863 ( Correspondence vol. 11) and 13 March 1865, Calendar no. 4785). He published an account of the experiments in Tegetmeier 1867 , p. 224; CD reported Tegetmeier’s observations in Variation 1: 242. The reference is to crossing experiments that CD carried out in 1859 and 1860 with a male Spanish fowl provided by Tegetmeier (see Correspondence vol. 7, letters …
To H. W. Bates 25 November [1862]
Summary
[Apparently in reply to question in missing portion of 3825.] A written agreement is unnecessary, but a letter stating terms would prevent misundertanding. He will attempt to have a review of HWB’s paper published.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Henry Walter Bates |
Date: | 25 Nov [1862] |
Classmark: | Cleveland Health Sciences Library (Robert M. Stecher collection) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-3827 |
Matches: 3 hits
- … information is provided in Bates 1863 , but see the letter to H. W. Bates, 15 December [ …
- … South America ( Bates 1863 ; see Correspondence vol. 9, letter to H. W. Bates, 4 April [ …
- … 1863 . CD refers to Asa Gray , who regularly wrote botanical reviews and notices for the American Journal of Science and Arts (see letters …
To Thomas Rivers 28 December [1862]
Summary
Thanks for letter [missing] and help.
Asks about the effect said to be produced on the stock by a graft.
Health prevents accepting TR’s invitation.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Thomas Rivers |
Date: | 28 Dec [1862] |
Classmark: | Sotheby’s (dealers) (23–4 July 1987) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-3879 |
Matches: 4 hits
- … Correspondence vol. 11, letter to Thomas Rivers, 11 January [1863] , 15 January [1863], …
- … Correspondence vol. 11, letter to Thomas Rivers, 7 January [1863] . Rivers’s reply has …
- … Correspondence vol. 11, letter to Thomas Rivers, 7 January [1863] . CD had for many years …
- … 1863 and 1864, respectively, and ‘Illegitimate unions of dimorphic and trimorphic plants’, which was not published until 1868 ( General index to the Journal of the Linnean Society , p. vi). In his letter …
To Charles Lyell 1 October [1862]
Summary
Mentions a discussion of man by Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire in his Histoire naturelle générale [1854–62].
Mentions a book by Friedrich Rolle [Ch. Darwin’s Lehre von der Entstehung der Arten (1863)].
Cites evolutionary statements on elephants by Hugh Falconer and notes Falconer’s objection to natural selection.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Charles Lyell, 1st baronet |
Date: | 1 Oct [1862] |
Classmark: | American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.282) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-3747 |
Matches: 4 hits
- … Collection–CUL. See also n. 5, below). Falconer 1863 . See letter from Hugh Falconer, 24– …
- … 1862] , and letter to Hugh Falconer, 1 October [1862] . Falconer 1863 , p. 80. See also …
- … letter to Daniel Oliver, [17 September 1862] . CD’s annotated copies of the four parts of Rolle 1863 …
- … 1863 , the publication of which was announced on 8 September 1862 ( Börsenblatt für die Deutschen Buchhandel 29 (1862): 1862). In his letter …
To J. B. Innes 22 December [1862]
Summary
Family and local news.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | John Brodie Innes |
Date: | 22 Dec [1862] |
Classmark: | American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-3872 |
Matches: 5 hits
- … the letter from Henrietta Emma to William Erasmus Darwin , dated [22 February 1863], in …
- … and The Times , 20 February 1863, p. 11). See letter from J. B. Innes, 16 December [ …
- … 1863 attracted local notoriety when convicted of smoking in a first-class railway carriage (see letter …
- … Correspondence vol. 11, letter from G. V. Reed, 12 January 1863 , and Notes on Horace …
- … letter from Charles Pritchard, 17 June [1862] ). During his convalescence he was tutored by George Varenne Reed , and returned to school in January 1863 ( …
To W. A. Leighton 4 December [1862]
Summary
Apologises for the trouble he has caused over his enquiries about strawberries. Describes the problems he and Emma have had with Verbascum.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | William Allport Leighton |
Date: | 4 Dec [1862] |
Classmark: | Unknown dealer |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-3633F |
To T. F. Jamieson 21 November 1862
Summary
CD expresses his high opinion of TFJ’s scientific qualifications for lecturing on agriculture.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Thomas Francis Jamieson |
Date: | 21 Nov 1862 |
Classmark: | National Library of Scotland (MS.5406:171–2) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-3818 |
To J. D. Hooker 24 [November 1862]
Summary
Sends Asa Gray letter: "nearly as mad as ever in our English eyes".
Bates’s paper is admirable. The act of segregation of varieties into species was never so plainly brought forth.
CD is a little sorry that his present work is leading him to believe rather more in the direct action of physical conditions. Regrets it because it lessens the glory of natural selection and is so confoundedly doubtful.
JDH laid too much stress on importance of crossing with respect to origin of species; but certainly it is important in keeping forms stable.
If only Owen could be excluded from Council of Royal Society Falconer would be good to put in. CD must come down to London to see what he can do.
Falconer’s article in Journal of the Geological Society [18 (1862): 348–69] shows him coming round on permanence of species, but he does not like natural selection.
Sends Lythrum salicaria diagram.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Joseph Dalton Hooker |
Date: | 24 [Nov 1862] |
Classmark: | DAR 115: 173, 279b; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (Hooker letters 2: 46 JDH/2/1/2) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-3822 |
Matches: 4 hits
- … manuscript of Falconer 1863 that he had seen (see letter to Hugh Falconer, 1 October [ …
- … he was determined to make more in 1863 (see ibid. , letter to J. D. Hooker, 27 [October …
- … 1862] . Bates 1863 . The drawing is an enclosure to the letter to J. D. Hooker, 24 [ …
- … letters to Asa Gray , 28 July [1862] and n. 16, and [3–]4 September [1862] . Most of CD’s notes on his experiments on and observations of Lythrum for 1862, 1863, …
To H. W. Bates 27 [February 1862]
Summary
Writes that [Murray’s] terms are very favourable; has never heard of such terms offered for a first work. HWB can depend on fact that Murray is pleased with it [The naturalist on the river Amazons].
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Henry Walter Bates |
Date: | 27 [Feb 1862] |
Classmark: | Cleveland Health Sciences Library (Robert M. Stecher collection) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-3460 |
To J. D. Hooker 9 February [1862]
Summary
Thanks JDH for box of melastomes
and a very valuable reference from Daniel Oliver.
Is crossing Monochaetum which he thinks is dimorphic.
Is "sometimes half tempted to give up species & stick to experiments".
Pollen of Bletia hyacinthina is quite unlike other Bletia species but exactly the same as Epipactis.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Joseph Dalton Hooker |
Date: | 9 Feb [1862] |
Classmark: | DAR 115: 143 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-3440 |
To H. W. Bates 27 February [1862]
Summary
Thanks for information on domestic animals of Indians.
Glad Murray thinks well of MS of The naturalist on the river Amazons.
CD working on proofs of Orchids.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Henry Walter Bates |
Date: | 27 Feb [1862] |
Classmark: | Leeds University Library Special Collections (Brotherton collection) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-3462 |
Matches: 3 hits
- … the publication of Bates 1863 (see n. 5, below and letter to H. W. Bates, 27 [February …
- … letter to Bates of 13 January [1862] , CD had asked whether any South American animals would breed when ‘ long kept in confinement’. Bates commented on this subject in Bates 1863 , …
- … 1863 , 1: 193 and 2: 112, Bates stated that curassow birds (large, turkey-like birds from South America) apparently did not breed when kept in captivity by South American Indians. CD cited this observation in Variation 2: 156. See letter …
To Asa Gray 26[–7] November [1862]
Summary
Discusses AG’s article ["Dimorphism", Am. J. Sci. 2d ser. 34 (1862): 419–20]. Does not like the terms "dioecio-dimorphism" or "precocious fertilisation". Discusses the separation of sexes in plants; cannot doubt that hermaphroditism is the aboriginal state.
Discusses AG’s observations on orchids and his review of Orchids [Am. J. Sci. 2d ser. 34 (1862): 138–51].
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Asa Gray |
Date: | 26[–7] Nov [1862] |
Classmark: | Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (50) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-3830 |
To Hugh Falconer 4 October [1862]
Summary
Explains that he returned the MS - part of a paper on fossil and living species of elephant (Falconer 1863) - to Falconer’s house in Park Crescent the previous Thursday.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Hugh Falconer |
Date: | 4 Oct [1862] |
Classmark: | Maggs Brothers (dealers) (catalogue 1345, 2003) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-3751F |
letter | (72) |
Hooker, J. D. | (13) |
Bates, H. W. | (9) |
Gray, Asa | (8) |
Oliver, Daniel | (4) |
Scott, John | (4) |
Darwin, C. R. | (72) |
Hooker, J. D. | (13) |
Bates, H. W. | (9) |
Gray, Asa | (8) |
Oliver, Daniel | (4) |
Darwin in letters, 1863: Quarrels at home, honours abroad
Summary
At the start of 1863, Charles Darwin was actively working on the manuscript of The variation of animals and plants under domestication, anticipating with excitement the construction of a hothouse to accommodate his increasingly varied botanical experiments…
Matches: 1 hits
- … At the start of 1863, Charles Darwin was actively working on the manuscript of The variation of …
Darwin’s hothouse and lists of hothouse plants
Summary
Darwin became increasingly involved in botanical experiments in the years after the publication of Origin. The building of a small hothouse - a heated greenhouse - early in 1863 greatly increased the range of plants that he could keep for scientific…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Towards the end of 1862, Darwin resolved to build a small hothouse at Down House, for …
Women’s scientific participation
Summary
Observers | Fieldwork | Experimentation | Editors and critics | Assistants Darwin’s correspondence helps bring to light a community of women who participated, often actively and routinely, in the nineteenth-century scientific community. Here is a…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Observers | Fieldwork | Experimentation | Editors and critics | Assistants …
Thomas Rivers
Summary
Rivers and Darwin exchanged around 30 letters, most in 1863 when Darwin was hard at work on the manuscript of Variation of plants and animals under domestication, the lengthy and detailed sequel to Origin of species. Rivers, an experienced plant breeder…
Matches: 1 hits
- … The Project was contacted by the owner of an important Darwin letter that contains a rare instance …
The Lyell–Lubbock dispute
Summary
In May 1865 a dispute arose between John Lubbock and Charles Lyell when Lubbock, in his book Prehistoric times, accused Lyell of plagiarism. The dispute caused great dismay among many of their mutual scientific friends, some of whom took immediate action…
Matches: 1 hits
- … In May 1865 a dispute arose between John Lubbock and Charles Lyell when Lubbock, in his book …
'An Appeal' against animal cruelty
Summary
The four-page pamphlet transcribed below and entitled 'An Appeal', was composed jointly by Emma and Charles Darwin (see letter from Emma Darwin to W. D. Fox, [29 September 1863]). The pamphlet, which protested against the cruelty of steel vermin…
Matches: 1 hits
- … The four-page pamphlet transcribed below and entitled 'An Appeal', was composed jointly by Emma …
Dining at Down House
Summary
Sources|Discussion Questions|Experiment Dining, Digestion, and Darwin's Domestic Life While Darwin is best remembered for his scientific accomplishments, he greatly valued and was strongly influenced by his domestic life. Darwin's…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Sources | Discussion Questions | Experiment Dining, Digestion, and Darwin's …
Science, Work and Manliness
Summary
Discussion Questions|Letters In 1859, popular didactic writer William Landels published the first edition of what proved to be one of his best-selling works, How Men Are Made. "It is by work, work, work" he told his middle class audience, …
Matches: 1 hits
- … Discussion Questions | Letters In 1859, popular didactic writer William Landels …
Darwin as mentor
Summary
Darwin provided advice, encouragement and praise to his fellow scientific 'labourers' of both sexes. Selected letters Letter 2234 - Darwin to Unidentified, [5 March 1858] Darwin advises that Professor C. P. Smyth’s observations are not…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Darwin provided advice, encouragement and praise to his fellow scientific 'labourers' of both …
Capturing Darwin’s voice: audio of selected letters
Summary
On a sunny Wednesday in June 2011 in a makeshift recording studio somewhere in Cambridge, we were very pleased to welcome Terry Molloy back to the Darwin Correspondence Project for a special recording session. Terry, known for his portrayal of Davros in Dr…
Matches: 1 hits
- … On a sunny Wednesday in June 2011 in a makeshift recording studio somewhere in Cambridge, we were …
Dramatisation script
Summary
Re: Design – Adaptation of the Correspondence of Charles Darwin, Asa Gray and others… by Craig Baxter – as performed 25 March 2007
Matches: 1 hits
- … Re: Design – performance version – 25 March 2007 – 1 Re: Design – Adaptation of the …
Darwin's health
Summary
On 28 March 1849, ten years before Origin was published, Darwin wrote to his good friend Joseph Hooker from Great Malvern in Worcestershire, where Dr James Manby Gully ran a fashionable water-cure establishment. Darwin apologised for his delayed reply to…
Matches: 1 hits
- … On 28 March 1849, ten years before Origin was published, Darwin wrote to his good friend …
Darwin in letters, 1865: Delays and disappointments
Summary
The year was marked by three deaths of personal significance to Darwin: Hugh Falconer, a friend and supporter; Robert FitzRoy, captain of the Beagle; and William Jackson Hooker, director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and father of Darwin’s friend…
Matches: 1 hits
- … In 1865, the chief work on Charles Darwin’s mind was the writing of The variation of animals and …
Referencing women’s work
Summary
Darwin's correspondence shows that women made significant contributions to Darwin's work, but whether and how they were acknowledged in print involved complex considerations of social standing, professional standing, and personal preference.…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Darwin's correspondence shows that women made significant contributions to Darwin's work, but …
Inheritance
Summary
It was crucial to Darwin’s theories of species change that naturally occurring variations could be inherited. But at the time when he wrote Origin, he had no explanation for how inheritance worked – it was just obvious that it did. Darwin’s attempt to…
Matches: 1 hits
- … 'Hypotheses may often be of service to science, when they involve a certain portion of …
Scientific Networks
Summary
Friendship|Mentors|Class|Gender In its broadest sense, a scientific network is a set of connections between people, places, and things that channel the communication of knowledge, and that substantially determine both its intellectual form and content,…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Friendship | Mentors | Class | Gender In its broadest sense, a scientific …
Darwin in letters, 1862: A multiplicity of experiments
Summary
1862 was a particularly productive year for Darwin. This was not only the case in his published output (two botanical papers and a book on the pollination mechanisms of orchids), but more particularly in the extent and breadth of the botanical experiments…
Matches: 1 hits
- … As the sheer volume of his correspondence indicates, 1862 was a particularly productive year for …
Evolution: Selected Letters of Charles Darwin 1860-1870
Summary
This selection of Charles Darwin’s letters includes correspondence with his friends and scientific colleagues around the world; letters by the critics who tried to stamp out his ideas, and by admirers who helped them to spread. It takes up the story of…
Matches: 1 hits
- … This selection of Charles Darwin’s letters includes correspondence with his friends and scientific …
Climbing Plants
Summary
Sources|Discussion Questions|Experiment A monograph by which to work After the publication of On the Origin of Species, Variation of Animals and Plants Under Domestication, The Descent of Man, and The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals in…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Sources | Discussion Questions | Experiment A monograph by which to work …
Darwin in letters, 1882: Nothing too great or too small
Summary
In 1882, Darwin reached his 74th year Earthworms had been published the previous October, and for the first time in decades he was not working on another book. He remained active in botanical research, however. Building on his recent studies in plant…
Matches: 1 hits
- … In 1882, Darwin reached his 74th year Earthworms had been published the previous October, and …