Bad Request
Your browser sent a request that this server could not understand.
Apache Server at dcp-public.lib.cam.ac.uk Port 443
Emma Darwin
Summary
Emma Darwin, Charles Darwin's wife and first cousin, was born Emma Wedgwood, the eighth and youngest child of Josiah Wedgwood II and Bessy Allen. Her father was the eldest son of the famous pottery manufacturer, Josiah Wedgwood I. Her mother was one…
Matches: 9 hits
- … Emma Darwin, Charles Darwin's wife and first cousin, was born Emma Wedgwood, the eighth and …
- … found Maer at times more cheerful than his own home. It was Emma's father he turned to for …
- … bought Down House in the village of Down, Kent, where he and Emma were to spend the rest of their …
- … by fields. Eight more children were born (Mary, Henrietta Emma, George Howard, Elizabeth, Francis, …
- … (Mary and Charles Waring), and Anne died at the age of 10. Charles and Emma also cared for their …
- … London to stay with relatives two or three times a year, and Emma also managed to organise holidays …
- … on the American Civil War). After Charles's death, Emma divided her time between Down …
- … Horace also lived in Cambridge. Despite the fact that Emma and Charles were rarely separated …
- … is partly because on the rare occasions they were apart, Emma and Charles wrote to each other almost …
List of correspondents
Summary
Below is a list of Darwin's correspondents with the number of letters for each one. Click on a name to see the letters Darwin exchanged with that correspondent. "A child of God" (1) Abberley,…
Matches: 25 hits
- … (12) Agassiz, Louis (10) Agent for Mr Allen …
- … Arruda Furtado, Francisco d’ (10) Ashburner, Lionel (1) …
- … (1) Babbage, Charles (10) Babington, C. C. …
- … (1) Covington, Syms (10) Cowper-Temple, W. F. …
- … Elizabeth (9) Darwin, Emma (191) …
- … (9) Errera, L. A. (10) Erskine, H. N. B. …
- … (13) Forbes, Edward (10) Forbes, J. D. …
- … François de Chaumont, F. S. B. (10) Fraser, George (3) …
- … Hermenegildo (1) Gisborne, Emma (1) …
- … (1) Gosse, P. H. (10) Goubert, E. M. J. M. P. …
- … J.-B. P. (1) Gärtner, Emma (2) …
- … (1) Harcourt, E. W. V. (10) Hardwicke’s …
- … (1) Leighton, W. A. (10) Leng, H. H. …
- … (60) Litchfield, R. B. (10) Literary Fund …
- … (1) Miller, W. H. (10) Milne Home, David …
- … Niven, James (1) Nixon, Emma (1) …
- … Peel, Jonathan (5) Pender, Emma (1) …
- … (7) Reeks, Henry (10) Reeks, Trenham …
- … (5) Reuter, Adolf (10) Reviewer (1) …
- … (1) Stanley, M. C. (10) Stanley, Thomas …
- … Elizabeth (11) Wedgwood, Emma (191) …
- … (72) Weismann, August (10) Weisz, Béla …
- … (4) Westwood, J. O. (10) Wetherell, N. T. …
- … (1) Wollaston, T. V. (10) Wolstenholme, Joseph …
- … Wrigley, Alfred (8) Wuttke, Emma (1) …
Henrietta Darwin's diary
Summary
Darwin's daughter Henrietta kept a diary for a few momentous weeks in 1871. This was the year in which Descent of Man, the most controversial of her father's books after Origin itself, appeared, a book which she had helped him write. The small…
Matches: 6 hits
- … on the expression of emotion (see letters from F. J. Wedgwood to H. E. and C. R. Darwin, [1867–72], …
- … written one of Descent (see letter from Charles and Emma Darwin to F. J. Wedgwood, [March 1871?] …
- … now in the balance & I can laugh & talk & settle Bradshaw 10 etc etc just as …
- … me so. If I cannot be a good wife I have indeed neglected my 10 talents. 11 July 5th. …
- … all the world to me to see him smile to hear his voice 10 years on how will it be when we are 50 …
- … . 9 Richard Buckley Litchfield . 10 Bradshaw’s railway guide . …
Women’s scientific participation
Summary
Observers | Fieldwork | Experimentation | Editors and critics | Assistants Darwin’s correspondence helps bring to light a community of women who participated, often actively and routinely, in the nineteenth-century scientific community. Here is a…
Matches: 7 hits
- … her observations on the expression of emotion in dogs with Emma Darwin. Letter 8676 …
- … Letter 5756 - Langton, E. & C. to Wedgwood S. E., [after 9 November 1868] Darwin …
- … on the common. Men: Letter 385 - Wedgwood, S. E. & J. to Darwin, [10 …
- … E. to Darwin, W. E., [January 23rd 1887]: Emma Darwin tells her eldest son, William, …
- … E. to Darwin, W. E. , (March, 1862 - DAR 219.1:49) Emma Darwin updates her son, William, …
- … is a great critic”, thought the article worth reprinting, Emma was less convinced. Letter …
- … Letter 347 - Darwin to Whewell, W., [10 March 1837] Darwin seeks to decline the …
Earthworms
Summary
As with many of Darwin’s research topics, his interest in worms spanned nearly his entire working life. Some of his earliest correspondence about earthworms was written and received in the 1830s, shortly after his return from his Beagle voyage, and his…
Matches: 4 hits
- … Questions | Experiment Earthworms and Wedgwood cousins As with many of …
- … of his own family, in particular his nieces, Lucy and Sophy Wedgwood, the daughters of Emma Darwin& …
- … these two young women, even going so far as to submit Lucy Wedgwood's observations for …
- … Letters Letter 385 - Sarah Elizabeth Wedgwood & Josiah Wedgwood to Darwin, 10 …
Darwin in letters, 1882: Nothing too great or too small
Summary
In 1882, Darwin reached his 74th year Earthworms had been published the previous October, and for the first time in decades he was not working on another book. He remained active in botanical research, however. Building on his recent studies in plant…
Matches: 14 hits
- … & experimentising on them’ ( letter to J. E. Todd, 10 April 1882 ). While enthusiasm drove him …
- … and was no longer able to take his daily strolls (Henrietta Emma Litchfield, ‘Charles Darwin’s death …
- … E. Litchfield to G. H. Darwin, 17 March 1882 (DAR 245: 319)) Emma wrote ten days later: ‘You will …
- … been a good deal plagued with dull aching in the chest’ (Emma Darwin to G. H. Darwin, [ c . 28 …
- … ‘ slight attack’ (Darwin pocket diary, 1882, 6, 7, 10 April 1882). Some days he was able to walk …
- … benefit & he escaped pain entirely yesterday’ (letter from Emma Darwin to G. H. Darwin, 6 April …
- … wrote to George, who had visited Down on 11 April (Emma Darwin’s diary (DAR 242)). ‘Father was taken …
- … H. Darwin, [19 April 1882] (DAR 245: 320)). It was left to Emma to convey the sorrowful news to his …
- … which I hope were never very violent’ ( letter from Emma Darwin to J. D. Hooker, [20 April 1882 …
- … 20 years, & it is a consolation to me to think that the last 10 or 12 years were the happiest …
- … they were the most overflowing in tenderness’ (letter from Emma Darwin to W. E. Darwin, 10 May 1882 …
- … was eagerly awaited by his family, including his cousin Emma Wedgwood. In long letters to her sister …
- … plied him with questions without any mercy’ ( letter from Emma Wedgwood to F. E. E. Wedgwood, [28 …
- … I am able to work’ ( letter to A. R. Wallace, [ c . 10 April 1864] ). To the physician Henry …
Darwin in letters, 1865: Delays and disappointments
Summary
The year was marked by three deaths of personal significance to Darwin: Hugh Falconer, a friend and supporter; Robert FitzRoy, captain of the Beagle; and William Jackson Hooker, director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and father of Darwin’s friend…
Matches: 10 hits
- … given it up by early July ( see letter to J. D. Hooker, [10 July 1865] ). In July, he …
- … finished hearing it read aloud ( letter to Fritz Müller, 10 August [1865] ). Over the next few …
- … ( see letter from Fritz Müller, [12 and 31 August, and 10 October 1865] ; since it is impossible …
- … similarly coloured varieties (see Correspondence vol. 10, letter to John Scott, 19 November …
- … ‘industry & ability’ ( letter from J. D. Hooker, [10 March 1865] ). Scott took these …
- … of transmutation to humans (see Correspondence vol. 10, letter from J. H. Balfour, 14 January …
- … ( Correspondence vol. 11, letter from J. D. Hooker, 10 June 1863 ). However, probably …
- … Cresy, 7 September [1865] , and letter from Edward Cresy, 10 September 1865 ). Francis and …
- … attending school, and spent some time travelling in Europe (Emma Darwin’s diary (DAR 242), Emma …
- … people weren’t so foolish’;. In November, Darwin and Emma visited Erasmus in London ( …
Darwin in letters, 1880: Sensitivity and worms
Summary
‘My heart & soul care for worms & nothing else in this world,’ Darwin wrote to his old Shrewsbury friend Henry Johnson on 14 November 1880. Darwin became fully devoted to earthworms in the spring of the year, just after finishing the manuscript of…
Matches: 10 hits
- … could laugh’ ( letter from W. E. Darwin to Charles and Emma Darwin, 22 July 1880 ). Sales …
- … Butler, 3 January 1880 ). At the top of Butler’s letter, Emma Darwin wrote: ‘it means war we think’ …
- … had worked on the nerves of marine animals, suggested on 10 December that Darwin try experiments …
- … my excitement’ ( letter from Horace Darwin to Emma Darwin, [18 September 1880] ). Darwin’s …
- … Association were received in the drawing room and veranda on 10 July. According to the report of the …
- … October 1880 ). The president of the society explained to Emma that the members of the union wished …
- … …“Come of Age”‘ ( letter from W. C. Williamson to Emma Darwin, 2 September 1880 ). In April, …
- … year was marked by the loss of several close family members. Emma’s brother Josiah Wedgwood III died …
- … Surrey, which became a regular destination for Charles and Emma, and also a site of scientific …
- … present’ (letters to C. W. Fox, 29 March 1880 and 10 [April] 1880 ). Feeling …
Darwin’s queries on expression
Summary
When Darwin resumed systematic research on emotions around 1866, he began to collect observations more widely and composed a list of queries on human expression. A number of handwritten copies were sent out in 1867 (see, for example, letter to Fritz Muller…
Matches: 5 hits
Darwin in letters, 1876: In the midst of life
Summary
1876 was the year in which the Darwins became grandparents for the first time. And tragically lost their daughter-in-law, Amy, who died just days after her son's birth. All the letters from 1876 are now published in volume 24 of The Correspondence…
Matches: 15 hits
- … life in Down House measured by the ongoing tally of his and Emma’s backgammon games. ‘I have won, …
- … however, continued to be raised in various ways. On 10 January, Charles O’Shaughnessy , an Irish …
- … them to such extent?’ enthused Hermann Hoffmann on 10 January , while on 23 June, Auguste Forel …
- … of plant digestion further, had already reported on 10 January that he had confirmed the ‘more …
- … was never far away in the Darwin family. In April, while Emma was suffering from a feverish cold, …
- … In the same month, Darwin heard that his sister Caroline Wedgwood continued to languish in …
- … Caroline home, they had experienced a further calamity. On 10 May, William suffered serious …
- … associated with a happy event. On 7 September, Charles and Emma became grandparents for the first …
- … mentioned his oldest daughter Annie, who died at the age of 10 in 1851, but William, who was 11 …
- … have heart to go on again . . . I cannot conceive Emma and Charles exhibited a practical …
- … August to be with her daughter at the time of the birth, and Emma was unimpressed by her. ‘The more …
- … word she says’, she confided to Henrietta (letter from Emma Darwin to H. E. Litchfield, [31 August …
- … ability to console Francis after Amy’s death gained Emma’s respect. ‘She is always able to speak’, …
- … of Darwin’s recently completed autobiography (letter from Emma Darwin to W. E. Darwin, [13 September …
- … & his wife (very pleasing) & a Prof. Romer came to lunch’, Emma Darwin reported to Leonard …
Darwin’s observations on his children
Summary
Charles Darwin’s observations on the development of his children, began the research that culminated in his book The Expression of the emotions in man and animals, published in 1872, and his article ‘A biographical sketch of an infant’, published in Mind…
Matches: 28 hits
- … an aspect of Darwin’s character clearly perceived by Emma during their engagement: ‘You will be …
- … period but in far less detail. By September 1844, Henrietta Emma was one year old, and there are a …
- … 1850; and Horace, born 18 May 1851. It appears to have been Emma who resumed the observations on the …
- … the notebook and, with the exception of two brief entries by Emma, made all the notes until July …
- … 1 [9] W. Erasmus. Darwin born. Dec. 27 th . 1839.—[10] During first week. yawned, streatched …
- … certainly during first fortnight at sudden sounds. & at Emma’s moving 3 [11] When …
- … & inwards as in sleep.[14] Six weeks old & 3 days, Emma saw him smile—not only with …
- … his eyes becoming fixed & the movements of his arms ceasing. Emma argues that his smiles were …
- … made in the little noises he was uttering that he recognized Emma by sight when she came close to …
- … been caused by the novelty of the situation producing fear. Emma thinks that when he was vaccinated …
- … with some skill.— I observe when taken out of 10 doors, & being annoyed by light …
- … whole expression appearing pleased.— Recognizes Emma Anne & myself perfectly— does not find …
- … led to endeavour to catch hold of it— 17 May 10 th. I made loud snoring noise, near …
- … Feb 3 rd . 5 weeks & 3 days. 7 lb – 10 4 wks 7 – 9½ …
- … 6½ Mar 20 12wks old. 10 – 14½ …
- … old. 9 lb 11 oz clothes 1 lb 10 oz ½ …
- … yet.— just over 5 months 20v. June. 5 th —10 th .— Showed a decided preference for …
- … corners of mouth, when Anne pretended to cry 10 th .— When looking at mirror, was aware …
- … was made, turned round to look at the person behind. 10 th . On this day, when into a …
- … Lady” were repeated.— 26 th . Cried, when Emma left off playing the pianoforte.— Did this …
- … Anny says Papa pretty clearly—[40] A few days ago Emma gave her doll, but she sensibly shuddered, …
- … to play with in farther part of room, she immediately led Emma by the hand towards the tea-chest. I …
- … on quite suddenly.—[43] On the 13 th . of March Emma positively ascertained that what the …
- … March 18 th . On my return from Shrewsbury after 10[44] days absence, Doddy appeared slightly shy, …
- … think that physic does make me any gooder[81] April 10 th : In the morning whilst I was …
- … [6] Correspondence vol. 2, letter from Emma Wedgwood, [23 January 1839] . [7] …
- … of the Manuscript alterations and comments section. [10] William Erasmus was Emma and CD’s …
- … M, p. 25 ( Notebooks ). [44] ‘March . . . after 10’ was written over a previous note made …
What did Darwin believe?
Summary
What did Darwin really believe about God? the Christian revelation? the implications of his theory of evolution for religious faith? These questions were asked again and again in the years following the publication of Origin of species (1859). They are…
Matches: 19 hits
- … into such territory in this letter to a stranger. Emma Darwin In what is …
- … matters many years earlier with his cousin and fiancée, Emma Wedgewood. In their correspondence, …
- … but we gain a sense of what the couple discussed from Emma’s words to him: My reason …
- … It is clear from other correspondence that one of Emma’s most cherished beliefs was in an afterlife. …
- … she means so in eternity. There is a marked tension in Emma’s letter between reason and feeling, and …
- … to himself, and allowed his differences of belief with Emma to remain for the most part submerged. …
- … members of the Darwin family, offer a fuller perspective on Emma’s religious beliefs. The documents …
- … over Scriptural or doctrinal authority, as a foundation for Emma’s views. They also show that Emma’s …
- … was another important religious tradition in the Darwin and Wedgwood families. Josiah Wedgwood, who …
- … Unitarian school in Shrewsbury. The circle with whom he and Emma socialised when in London included …
- … were regular guests of Darwin’s brother Erasmus, and of Emma’s brother, Hensleigh Wedgwood and his …
- … liturgy. But we know, from Francis Darwin’s comments, that Emma used to make the family turn round …
- … to recite the creed, with its Trinitarian formula. Emma’s copy of the New Testament, …
- … to have been inauthentic, or added by later authors. Emma’s Bible also contains some …
- … as practical’. Some of the Biblical commentary that Emma and Charles read in this period …
- … written to Charles several months after their marriage, Emma suggests an appreciation for earnest …
- … nature and to revelation, like the openness that Charles and Emma so valued between each other–this …
- … debate , Bruce Chapman and Stephen C. Meyer, Seattle Times, 10 Jun 2002.) We know that …
- … through his early discussions on religion and science with Emma, to his publications on evolution, …
Expression
Summary
Darwin's interest in emotional expression can be traced as far back as the Beagle voyage. He was fascinated by the different sounds and gestures among the peoples of Tierra del Fuego, and on his return from the voyage he started recording observations…
Matches: 4 hits
- … his marriage, he shared his interest in expression with Emma (then his fiancée), and asked her to …
- … and their communications were often addressed either to Emma or her eldest daughter . 'I am …
- … of observations on their behaviour: one ' about the age of 10 months when put upon a soft …
- … extended to caged creatures. Darwin requested his niece Lucy Wedgwood to ' think of any fact …
1.2 George Richmond, marriage portrait
Summary
< Back to Introduction Few likenesses of Darwin in his youth survive, although more may once have existed. In a letter of 1873 an old Shrewsbury friend, Arthur Mostyn Owen, offered to send Darwin a watercolour sketch of him, painted many years…
Matches: 12 hits
- … House, celebrated his marriage in January 1839 to his cousin Emma Wedgwood; the one of Darwin is …
- … theories. As early as February 1839, Elizabeth Wedgwood had written to her sister Emma: ‘My …
- … Italy – or would a portrait by Holmes be preferable?’ Emma in response promised, ‘I will go and get …
- … not return from Italy until August or September 1839. Josiah Wedgwood himself wrote to his daughter …
- … arranging ‘to send you Richmond’s pictures of self and Emma’: ‘self’ presumably means Charles, and …
- … of his brother Erasmus was entered separately at £31 10 s .) and ‘Mrs. Darwin’, and this must be …
- … was being assembled, so that both the Darwin and the Wedgwood families would have one. It is …
- … lent Richmond’s watercolour drawings of Charles and Emma, with a note that the one of Charles had an …
- … – the only one she knew about – to 1840. However, in Emma Darwin: A Century of Family Letters …
- … Murray, 1887), vol. 3, p. 371. Henrietta Litchfield (ed.), Emma Darwin: A Century of Family …
- … (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1909), p. 4, nos. 10 and 11. Nora Barlow (ed.), Charles …
- … University Press, 1933), frontispiece. Barbara and Hensleigh Wedgwood, The Wedgwood Circle 1730 …
Darwin in letters, 1860: Answering critics
Summary
On 7 January 1860, John Murray published the second edition of Darwin’s Origin of species, printing off another 3000 copies to satisfy the demands of an audience that surprised both the publisher and the author. It wasn't long, however, before ‘the…
Matches: 8 hits
- … Several correspondents, such as his cousin Hensleigh Wedgwood and Heinrich Georg Bronn, expressed …
- … form’, namely those of embryology ( letter to Asa Gray, 10 September [1860] ). Only his theory, he …
- … with other animals’ ( letter to Charles Lyell, 10 January [1860] )— he and others were well aware …
- … views.—’ ( letter from J. S. Henslow to J. D. Hooker, 10 May 1860 ). What worried Darwin most …
- … serve a purpose in Britain. He immediately wrote to Gray on 10 September after studying the first …
- … level. Describing her husband’s current enthusiasm, Emma Darwin wrote to Mary Lyell: ‘At present he …
- … suppose he hopes to end in proving it to be an animal.’ ( Emma Darwin 2: 177). As was so …
- … fatal illness never far from their minds, Charles and Emma did whatever they could to promote Etty’s …
Darwin and Fatherhood
Summary
Charles Darwin married Emma Wedgwood in 1839 and over the next seventeen years the couple had ten children. It is often assumed that Darwin was an exceptional Victorian father. But how extraordinary was he? The Correspondence Project allows an unusually…
Matches: 7 hits
- … Charles Darwin married Emma Wedgwood in 1839 and over the next seventeen years the couple had ten …
- … a result, Darwin rarely spent a day without the company of Emma and at least some of his children. …
- … they employed eight servants including two nursery maids. Emma actively supervised and assisted with …
- … to see their father when he was working (Darwin to his wife Emma, [7-8 February 1845] ). Although …
- … ‘awesome state of indecision’ (Darwin to W. D. Fox, 10 October [1850] ) as he and Emma tried to …
- … children in letters to friends, and the choices that he and Emma made were deliberately conventional …
- … the age of twenty-six. This meant that in old age Darwin and Emma continued to share Down House with …
Darwin in letters, 1875: Pulling strings
Summary
‘I am getting sick of insectivorous plants’, Darwin confessed in January 1875. He had worked on the subject intermittently since 1859, and had been steadily engaged on a book manuscript for nine months; January also saw the conclusion of a bitter dispute…
Matches: 7 hits
- … vol. 22, letters from E. E. Klein, 14 May 1874 and 10 July 1874 ). ‘I am astounded & …
- … the process of writing and revising at all satisfying. On 10 February he complained to Hooker : …
- … objectless & all being vanity of vanities,’ he wrote on 10 February . ‘But this will wear …
- … George Sketchley Ffinden resurfaced. In 1873, Charles and Emma Darwin and the Lubbocks had sought …
- … and the Darwins did not warm thereafter. On 24 December , Emma wrote triumphantly to the former …
- … the upper ranks of society could be especially taxing. As Emma remarked in a letter to William on 1 …
- … Henry Eeles Dresser. ‘The horror was great’, Henrietta Emma Litchfield wrote to her brother Leonard …
Darwin's health
Summary
On 28 March 1849, ten years before Origin was published, Darwin wrote to his good friend Joseph Hooker from Great Malvern in Worcestershire, where Dr James Manby Gully ran a fashionable water-cure establishment. Darwin apologised for his delayed reply to…
Matches: 8 hits
- … Correspondence vol. 7, letter to Robert Monsey Rolfe, 10 November [1858] , and Correspondence …
- … almost daily (see Correspondence vol. 12, letter from Emma Darwin to W. D. Fox, [6 May 1864] …
- … 38, 47, 64). Fainting and ‘rocking’ had been recorded in Emma Darwin’s diary (DAR 242) on several …
- … sensations’ has been found. On Darwin’s reliance on Emma Darwin’s companionship and care see, for …
- … Hooker, 1 June [1865] and 27 [or 28 September 1865] . Emma or another member of the household …
- … alive’. See also Correspondence vol. 12, letter from Emma Darwin to J. D. Hooker, 17 March …
- … October 1863 (see Correspondence vol. 11, letter from Emma Darwin to W. D. Fox, 8 December …
- … of chalk, magnesia, and other antacids in March 1864 (see Emma Darwin’s diary, DAR 242, and n. 8, …
Darwin in letters, 1874: A turbulent year
Summary
The year 1874 was one of consolidation, reflection, and turmoil for Darwin. He spent the early months working on second editions of Coral reefs and Descent of man; the rest of the year was mostly devoted to further research on insectivorous plants. A…
Matches: 10 hits
- … satisfaction. Assisted in the wording by his wife, Emma, and daughter Henrietta, he finally wrote a …
- … a comfortable cabin ( see letter from Leonard Darwin to Emma Darwin, [after 26 June -- 28 September …
- … to become Darwin’s secretary. They rented Down Lodge and Emma Darwin wrote, ‘They have . . . made …
- … the average in prettiness & snugness’ ( letter from Emma Darwin to J. B. Innes, 12 October …
- … letter to Down School Board, [after 29 November 1873] ). Emma saw a ‘great blessing’ in the rumour …
- … dead uncle’s position of vicar of Deptford ( letter from Emma Darwin to J. B. Innes, 12 October …
- … an insignificant figure, as a cube of cartilage of 1 / 10 inch is almost beyond their …
- … 1874 ). Darwin immediately sent a donation of £100, and £10 each from his sons George and Francis ( …
- … and sent a copy to Darwin ( letter from G. J. Romanes, 10 July 1874 ). After a second letter from …
- … the Beagle) in December ( letter from C.-F. Reinwald , 10 December 1874 ). Samuel Jean Pozzi and …
Darwin in letters, 1872: Job done?
Summary
'My career’, Darwin wrote towards the end of 1872, 'is so nearly closed. . . What little more I can do, shall be chiefly new work’, and the tenor of his correspondence throughout the year is one of wistful reminiscence, coupled with a keen eye…
