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To T. H. Huxley   13 September [1854]

Summary

Thanks for help on presentation copies of Living Cirripedia, vol. 2.

Suggests he examine cementing apparatus of Balanus.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Thomas Henry Huxley
Date:  13 Sept [1854]
Classmark:  Imperial College of Science, Technology, and Medicine Archives (Huxley 5: 16)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1592

Matches: 2 hits

  • … during his stays at Tenby in 1854 and 1855 (see letter to T.  H. Huxley, 29 [September …
  • … and Carl Vogt . See letters to T.  H. Huxley, 2 September [1854] and 8 September [1854] . …

To T. H. Huxley   [9 December 1859]

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Summary

Sends enclosure [unspecified].

Reminds THH to mention [German] translation [of Origin] when he writes to R. A. von Kölliker.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Thomas Henry Huxley
Date:  [9 Dec 1859]
Classmark:  DAR 145: 189
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2574

Matches: 2 hits

  • … with a copy of Living Cirripedia (1854) (see Correspondence vol.  5, letters to T.  H. …
  • 1854] ). For the negotiations concerning a German translation of Origin , see Correspondence vol.  8, letters

To T. H. Huxley   23 April [1853]

Summary

On THH’s paper on cephalous Mollusca [Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. 143 (1853) pt 1: 29–66]. Discovery of the type or "idea" (in THH’s sense, not Owen’s or Agassiz’s) is one of the highest ends of natural history.

Discusses anamorphism;

position of heart in Cleodora.

Variability within species;

cementing process in cirripedes.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Thomas Henry Huxley
Date:  23 Apr [1853]
Classmark:  Imperial College of Science, Technology, and Medicine Archives (Huxley 5: 4)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1480

Matches: 2 hits

  • … mentioned in this letter are described in Living Cirripedia (1854):  599–600. In T.  H. …
  • letter to J.  D. Dana, 8 May [1852] , n.  5. In Living Cirripedia (1851):  38 n. and in Living Cirripedia (1854):  …

To T. H. Huxley   8 September [1854]

Summary

Agrees with THH on metamorphosis of branchiae of Balanus, and on his view of Owen.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Thomas Henry Huxley
Date:  8 Sept [1854]
Classmark:  Imperial College of Science, Technology, and Medicine Archives (Huxley 5: 11)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1590

Matches: 2 hits

  • … Freiburg im Breisgau. See letter to T.  H. Huxley, 2 September [1854] , n.  4. Karl Georg …
  • … with the ovaria. See letter to T.  H. Huxley, 2 September [1854] and n.  5. Franz von …

To T. H. Huxley   29 [September 1855]

Summary

Responds to THH’s questioning of his observations on cirripede anatomy with extensive discussion of what he observed. Admits his elementary knowledge of microscopical structures but seriously doubts he has erred. Cement glands, ovarian tubes, etc.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Thomas Henry Huxley
Date:  29 [Sept 1855]
Classmark:  Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine Archives (Huxley 5: 21); Janet Huxley (private collection)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1757

Matches: 1 hit

  • … s earlier request (see letter to T.  H. Huxley, 13 September [1854] ). Huxley and his wife …

To T. H. Huxley   20 February [1855]

Summary

Sends specimens of sessile cirripedes for corroboration of their cementing apparatus.

Absence of anus in Brachiopoda and Alcippe cirripedes.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Thomas Henry Huxley
Date:  20 Feb [1855]
Classmark:  Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine Archives (Huxley 5: 23, 372, 376)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1635

Matches: 1 hit

  • … n.  7, below). See letters to T.  H. Huxley, 8 September [1854] and 13 September [1854] . …

To T. H. Huxley   20 July [1860]

Summary

On the Fraser’s Magazine review by Hopkins [see 2860] and the Quarterly Review article by Wilberforce ["Darwin’s Origin of species", 108 (1860): 225–64]. The course of opinion since Oxford BAAS meeting. Asa Gray.

Need for Natural History Review, but fears it will be a burden for THH and lessen his original work. His own problem with work: if he had other duties he would be able to do absolutely nothing in science.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Thomas Henry Huxley
Date:  20 July [1860]
Classmark:  Imperial College of Science, Technology, and Medicine Archives (Huxley 5: 125)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2873

Matches: 1 hit

  • … See also preceding letter. The Natural History Review was founded in 1854 to publish the …

To T. H. Huxley   4 May [1856]

Summary

It seems improper that his advances to G. B. Sowerby Jr for payment of engravings should not have been mentioned to Council of Ray Society. His appreciation of the Society.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Thomas Henry Huxley
Date:  4 May [1856]
Classmark:  Imperial College of Science, Technology, and Medicine Archives (Huxley 5: 35)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1868

Matches: 1 hit

  • 1854), published by the Ray Society . CD had paid him on behalf of the Ray Society (see Correspondence vol.  5, letters

To T. H. Huxley   2 September [1854]

Summary

Second Living Cirripedia volume published. Asks THH’s advice on presentation copies for continental naturalists.

THH’s review of Vestiges of creation in [Br. & Foreign Med.-Chir. Rev. 13 (1854)]. CD is almost as unorthodox on species as the author of Vestiges, but hopes not quite so unphilosophical.

Hopes L. Agassiz was sounder on embryological stages than THH thinks.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Thomas Henry Huxley
Date:  2 Sept [1854]
Classmark:  Imperial College of Science, Technology, and Medicine Archives (Huxley 5: 8)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1587

Matches: 1 hit

  • … s embryonic fish’ in letter to J.  D. Hooker, 7 September [1854] , and in Origin , p.   …

To T. H. Huxley   [before 12 November 1857]

Summary

Glad THH has taken up aphid question versus Owen ["On the agamic reproduction and morphology of Aphis", Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 22 (1858): 193–236].

Fertilisation and inheritance discussed. Speculates that fertilisation may be a mixture rather than a fusion. Can understand in no other way why crossed forms tend to go back to ancestral forms.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Thomas Henry Huxley
Date:  [before 12 Nov 1857]
Classmark:  Imperial College of Science, Technology, and Medicine Archives (Huxley 5: 58)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2166

Matches: 1 hit

  • 1854 , p.  63. George Henry Kendrick Thwaites had first reported observing conjugation in the Diatomaceae at the 1847 meeting in Oxford of the British Association for the Advancement of Science. CD attended the meeting and conversed with Thwaites (see letter

To T. H. Huxley   9 December [1856]

Summary

Grateful for Siebold’s wonderful facts [C. T. E. von Siebold, On a true parthenogenesis in moths and bees (1856), trans. by W. S. Dallas (1857)].

Vitality of spermatozoa.

Hybridisation of bees. Bees are in one respect his greatest theoretical difficulty.

CD still convinced about the relation of cement receptacles and ovarian tubes [in Crustacea].

Birth of C. W. Darwin.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Thomas Henry Huxley
Date:  9 Dec [1856]
Classmark:  Imperial College of Science, Technology, and Medicine Archives (Huxley 5: 42, 374)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2017

Matches: 1 hit

  • 1854), CD had advanced these observations to support his view that the ovarian system of cirripedes had been transformed to fulfil the new function of cementing the organism to a substrate (see Correspondence vol.  4, Appendix II, pp.  397–9). CD had previously asked Huxley to investigate this point independently (see Correspondence vol.  5, letter

To T. H. Huxley   11 April [1853]

Summary

Offers to send Ascidia specimens of Beagle voyage. Describes some of them.

Hopes THH will review his book [Living Cirripedia, vol. 1] which has been published for a year with no notice taken of it except briefly by Dana.

Discusses Limulus-like larva. "I have become a man of one idea.– cirripedes morning & night."

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Thomas Henry Huxley
Date:  11 Apr [1853]
Classmark:  DAR 145: 150Imperial College of Science, Technology, and Medicine Archives (Huxley 5: 13)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1514

Matches: 1 hit

  • letter to T.  H. Huxley, 17 July [1851] , n.  1). An unannotated reprint of Müller 1852  is in the Darwin Pamphlet Collection–CUL. Fossil Cirripedia (1851) had been announced in the Annales des Sciences Naturelles ( Zoologie) 3d ser.  15 (1851): 175, but later volumes were not noticed, even though Living Cirripedia (1854) …

To T. H. Huxley   3 [September 1855]

Summary

Approves drawing. No one who cannot draw should attempt to be a naturalist. Suggests corrections to [Lepas?] drawing. Comments on position of ganglia, cement glands, and stomach.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Thomas Henry Huxley
Date:  3 [Sept 1855]
Classmark:  Imperial College of Science, Technology, and Medicine Archives (Huxley 5: 18)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1759

Matches: 1 hit

  • 1854. The 1855–6 series was extended to fifty lectures and, according to an announcement in the Athenæum , 16 February 1856, commenced on 20 February 1856. Some of the diagrams prepared at Tenby in 1855 appeared in the published versions of these lectures (printed in the Medical Times and Gazette during 1856 and 1857), and the cirripede drawings accompanying this letter

To T. H. Huxley   8 March [1855]

Summary

Thanks THH for corroborating his observations. Discusses metamorphosis of ovaria to cement organs. Ovaries, germinal vesicles, and anatomy of cirripedes. Difficulties of classification, and observation.

THH’s article on Mollusca [Charles Knight, ed., English cyclopædia: a new dictionary of universal knowledge (1854–70) 3: 855–74].

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Thomas Henry Huxley
Date:  8 Mar [1855]
Classmark:  Imperial College of Science, Technology, and Medicine Archives (Huxley 5: 25)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1645

Matches: 1 hit

  • 1854):  594–6. Owing largely to the differences in the development of this form from other cirripedes, CD classified Proteolepas as the sole species in its order. The paper has not been identified. T.  H. Huxley 1855a , in which Huxley proposed an archetype for the Mollusca. See letter

To T. H. Huxley   18 April [1855]

Summary

Thomas Bell thinks John Lindley superior for Royal Society Medal. CD agrees, but demurs at Medal going to same branch of science two years in succession.

Perplexed about Albany Hancock’s qualifications compared with J. O. Westwood’s.

Death of H. De la Beche.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Thomas Henry Huxley
Date:  18 Apr [1855]
Classmark:  Imperial College of Science, Technology, and Medicine Archives (Huxley 5: 31)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1668

Matches: 1 hit

  • 1854, John Lindley , also a botanist, would not be eligible in 1855. John Obadiah Westwood was an entomologist. Westwood was awarded the Royal Medal in 1855. John Lindley received it in 1857 and Albany Hancock in 1858. CD was present at the council meetings of the Royal Society held on 21 and 23 April 1855 (Royal Society council minutes). See letter
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Darwin in letters, 1851-1855: Death of a daughter

Summary

The letters from these years reveal the main preoccupations of Darwin’s life with a new intensity. The period opens with a family tragedy in the death of Darwin’s oldest and favourite daughter, Anne, and it shows how, weary and mourning his dead child,…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … The letters from these years reveal the main preoccupations of Darwin’s life with a new intensity. …

Scientific Practice

Summary

Specialism|Experiment|Microscopes|Collecting|Theory Letter writing is often seen as a part of scientific communication, rather than as integral to knowledge making. This section shows how correspondence could help to shape the practice of science, from…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … Specialism | Experiment | Microscopes | Collecting | Theory Letter writing …

Darwin’s reading notebooks

Summary

In April 1838, Darwin began recording the titles of books he had read and the books he wished to read in Notebook C (Notebooks, pp. 319–28). In 1839, these lists were copied and continued in separate notebooks. The first of these reading notebooks (DAR 119…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … In April 1838, Darwin began recording the titles of books he had read and the books he wished to …

Darwin and the Church

Summary

The story of Charles Darwin’s involvement with the church is one that is told far too rarely. It shows another side of the man who is more often remembered for his personal struggles with faith, or for his role in large-scale controversies over the…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … The story of Charles Darwin’s involvement with the church is one that is told far too rarely. It …

Living and fossil cirripedia

Summary

Darwin published four volumes on barnacles, the crustacean sub-class Cirripedia, between 1851 and 1854, two on living species and two on fossil species. Written for a specialist audience, they are among the most challenging and least read of Darwin’s works…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … Darwin published four volumes on the crustacean sub-class Cirripedia between 1851 and 1854, two on …

Darwin in letters, 1847-1850: Microscopes and barnacles

Summary

Darwin's study of barnacles, begun in 1844, took him eight years to complete. The correspondence reveals how his interest in a species found during the Beagle voyage developed into an investigation of the comparative anatomy of other cirripedes and…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … Species theory In November 1845, Charles Darwin wrote to his friend and confidant Joseph …

Darwin’s study of the Cirripedia

Summary

Darwin’s work on barnacles, conducted between 1846 and 1854, has long posed problems for historians. Coming between his transmutation notebooks and the Origin of species, it has frequently been interpreted as a digression from Darwin’s species work. Yet…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … Darwin’s work on barnacles, conducted between 1846 and 1854, has long posed problems for …

3.2 Maull and Polyblank photo 1

Summary

< Back to Introduction The rise of professional photographic studios in the mid nineteenth century was a key factor in the shaping of Darwinian iconography, but Darwin’s relationship with these firms was from the start a cautious and sometimes a…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … < Back to Introduction The rise of professional photographic studios in the mid …

John Murray

Summary

Darwin's most famous book On the origin of species by means of natural selection (Origin) was published on 22 November 1859. The publisher was John Murray, who specialised in non-fiction, particularly politics, travel and science, and had published…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … Darwin's most famous book  On the origin of species by means of natural selection (Origin)  was …

Before Origin: the ‘big book’

Summary

Darwin began ‘sorting notes for Species Theory’ on 9 September 1854, the very day he concluded his eight-year study of barnacles (Darwin's Journal). He had long considered the question of species. In 1842, he outlined a theory of transmutation in a…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … Darwin began ‘sorting notes for Species Theory’ on 9 September 1854, the very day he concluded his …

Scientific Networks

Summary

Friendship|Mentors|Class|Gender In its broadest sense, a scientific network is a set of connections between people, places, and things that channel the communication of knowledge, and that substantially determine both its intellectual form and content,…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … Friendship | Mentors | Class | Gender In its broadest sense, a scientific …

Editorial policy and practice

Summary

Full texts are added to this site four years after the letter is published in the print edition of the Correspondence. Transcriptions are made from the original or a facsimile where these are available. Where they are not, texts are taken from the best…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … Full texts are added to this site four years after the letter is published in the print edition of …

Joseph Simms

Summary

The American doctor and author of works on physiognomy Joseph Simms wrote to Darwin on 14 September 1874, while he was staying in London. He enclosed a copy of his book Nature’s revelations of character (Simms 1873). He hoped it might 'prove…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … The American doctor and author of works on physiognomy Joseph Simms wrote to Darwin on 14 …

Darwin’s observations on his children

Summary

Charles Darwin’s observations on the development of his children, began the research that culminated in his book The Expression of the emotions in man and animals, published in 1872, and his article ‘A biographical sketch of an infant’, published in Mind…

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  • … Charles Darwin’s observations on the development of his children,[1] began the research that …

Barnacles

Summary

Sources|Discussion Questions|Experiment Darwin and barnacles Darwin’s interest in Cirripedia, a class of marine arthropods, was first piqued by the discovery of an odd burrowing barnacle, which he later named “Mr. Arthrobalanus," while he was…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … Sources | Discussion Questions | Experiment Darwin and barnacles …

Charles Darwin’s letters: a selection 1825-1859

Summary

The letters in this volume span the years from 1825, when Darwin was a student at the University of Edinburgh, to the end of 1859, when the Origin of Species was published. The early letters portray Darwin as a lively sixteen-year-old medical student. Two…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … The letters in this volume span the years from 1825, when Darwin was a student at the University …

3.3 Maull and Polyblank photo 2

Summary

< Back to Introduction Despite the difficulties that arose in relation to Maull and Polyblank’s first photograph of Darwin, another one was produced, this time showing him in three-quarter view. It was evidently not taken at the same session as the…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … < Back to Introduction Despite the difficulties that arose in relation to Maull and …

Science, Work and Manliness

Summary

Discussion Questions|Letters In 1859, popular didactic writer William Landels published the first edition of what proved to be one of his best-selling works, How Men Are Made. "It is by work, work, work" he told his middle class audience, …

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  • … Discussion Questions | Letters In 1859, popular didactic writer William Landels …

Alfred Russel Wallace

Summary

Wallace was a leading Victorian naturalist, with wide-ranging interests from biogeography and evolutionary theory to spiritualism and politics. He was born in 1823 in Usk, a small town in south-east Wales, and attended a grammar school in Hertford. At the…

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  • … Wallace was a leading Victorian naturalist, with wide-ranging interests from biogeography and …

Thomas Henry Huxley

Summary

Dubbed “Darwin’s bulldog” for his combative role in controversies over evolution, Huxley was a leading Victorian zoologist, science popularizer, and education reformer. He was born in Ealing, a small village west of London, in 1825. With only two years of…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … Dubbed “Darwin’s bulldog” for his combative role in controversies over evolution, Huxley was a …
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