To Asa Gray 18 February [1877]
Summary
Praises AG’s abstract of Cross and self-fertilisation [Am. J. Sci. 3d ser. 13 (1877): 125–41].
Hopes soon to finish with dimorphic plants.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Asa Gray |
Date: | 18 Feb [1877] |
Classmark: | Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (122) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-10851 |
To Asa Gray 19 March [1877]
Summary
Sends an informal title-page [for Orchids, 2d ed.].
Appreciates the condolences for Frank [on death of his wife, Amy].
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Asa Gray |
Date: | 19 Mar [1877] |
Classmark: | Houghton Library, Harvard University (tipped into Orchids 2d ed., EC85 D2593 862oba) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-10901 |
To Asa Gray 31 May [1863]
Summary
AG’s review of Alphonse de Candolle’s paper [Am. J. Sci. 2d ser. 35 (1863): 430–44] is excellent.
Does not AG consider that orchids oppose Oswald Heer’s view that species arise suddenly by monstrosities?
Infers that AG cannot explain the angles of phyllotaxy; has been looking at Carl Nägeli on the subject.
Reports Gaston de Saporta’s belief that natural selection will ultimately triumph in France.
Is working slowly at Variation.
Reports his observations on the imperfect flowers of Viola and Oxalis.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Asa Gray |
Date: | 31 May [1863] |
Classmark: | Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (84) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-4196 |
To Asa Gray 20 December 1876
Summary
Thanks for information about Hottonia.
Has found dimorphism in Forsythia.
Considers AG’s arguments on different terms for dimorphism, but cannot change to using the proposed new term [see 10699].
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Asa Gray |
Date: | 20 Dec 1876 |
Classmark: | Archives of the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (116) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-10728 |
To Asa Gray 30 May [1875]
Summary
Wants seeds of Nesaea verticillata for crossing experiments to see whether seedlings from "illegitimate unions" are sterile like true hybrids.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Asa Gray |
Date: | 30 May [1875] |
Classmark: | Archives of the Gray Herbarium, Harvard University (121) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-10002 |
To Asa Gray 2 January [1863]
Summary
Thanks AG for Cypripedium and Mitchella.
Plans to investigate pollination of Cypripedium.
Has finished Linum paper [Collected papers 2: 93–105].
Would welcome facts on "bud-variations".
Hears that Cinchona is dimorphic.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Asa Gray |
Date: | 2 Jan [1863] |
Classmark: | Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (56) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-3897 |
To Asa Gray 23 January 1877
Summary
Thanks AG for card about Pontederia.
Asks for specimens of Phlox subulata and Gilia aggregata to check for dimorphism.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Asa Gray |
Date: | 23 Jan 1877 |
Classmark: | Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (120) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-10811 |
To Asa Gray [after 11 October 1861]
Summary
Thanks AG for notes on hollies.
Replies to an argument for design. Feels it monstrous to consider orchids created as they are now seen, since every part reveals modification on modification.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Asa Gray |
Date: | [after 11 Oct 1861] |
Classmark: | Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (51a) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-3283 |
To Asa Gray 15 April [1867]
Summary
Thanks AG for his trouble about expression queries; wishes he had thought earlier of having them printed.
Is "plodding on" correcting Variation
and getting "a little amusement" from plant experiments. Oxalis is trimorphic like Lythrum.
Is continuing his experiments on seedling vigour.
Has heard hybrid potatoes can be produced by joining halves of different tubers.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Asa Gray |
Date: | 15 Apr [1867] |
Classmark: | Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (97) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-5442 |
To Asa Gray 3 January 1877
Summary
Asks AG not to send his rare specimens [of Leucosmia].
Is glad of the notice about black pigs.
Has great faith in Jeffries Wyman;
thinks A. R. Wallace founds his speculation on a feeble basis.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Asa Gray |
Date: | 3 Jan 1877 |
Classmark: | Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (118) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-10768 |
To Asa Gray 21 July [1861]
Summary
Is writing his paper on orchids.
Is surprised that AG gets little or no response with Drosera.
Describes the two forms of Primula and asks whether AG knows any analogous cases of dimorphism.
Reports that John Stuart Mill approves of CD’s scientific method.
Discusses American politics.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Asa Gray |
Date: | 21 July [1861] |
Classmark: | Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (61) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-3216 |
To Asa Gray [3–]4 September [1862]
Summary
Glad AG will publish some separate notes on orchids ["Fertilization of orchids through the agency of insects", Am. J. Sci. 2d ser. 34 (1862): 420–9].
Trimorphism in Lythrum.
Bee behaviour.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Asa Gray |
Date: | [3–]4 Sept [1862] |
Classmark: | Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (68) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-3710 |
To Asa Gray 4 December 1876
Summary
Plans to republish his paper on dimorphism with additions [Forms of flowers]. Is convinced it is necessary to compare pollen-grains and the state of the stigma to recognise dimorphic plants. Requests specific plants to test for dimorphism and would welcome examples from any family in which he has not encountered dimorphic species.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Asa Gray |
Date: | 4 Dec 1876 |
Classmark: | Archives of the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (115) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-10697 |
To Asa Gray 1 June [1869]
Summary
Thanks for answers about expression.
Is going to N. Wales to recover after his riding accident.
New edition of Origin.
French edition of Orchids.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Asa Gray |
Date: | 1 June [1869] |
Classmark: | Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (86a) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-6767 |
To Asa Gray 21 [and 22] January 1878
Summary
Thanks for AG’s review of Forms of flowers [Am. J. Sci. 3d ser. 15 (1878): 67–73].
Thomas Carlyle’s letter about CD was a forgery.
Gives Hermann Müller’s observations on Valeriana dioica.
Is unsure about function of "bloom"; are glaucous plants more or less common in arid parts of U. S.?
Observations on heliotropism.
Thomas Meehan reports that Linum perenne is self-fertile; CD thinks that he has mistaken the species.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Asa Gray |
Date: | 21 and 22 Jan 1878 |
Classmark: | Archives of the Gray Herbarium, Harvard University (123 and 127) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-11330 |
To Asa Gray 15 March [1862]
Summary
Gives some observations on changes in pistil position with age in Monochaetum. Asks whether AG can observe Rhexia for similar movements.
"One of the best men, though at present unknown", H. W. Bates, has taken up natural selection.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Asa Gray |
Date: | 15 Mar [1862] |
Classmark: | Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (64) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-3473 |
To Asa Gray 26 June [1863]
Summary
Thanks AG for references about phyllotaxy
and information on marriage laws.
Has been looking for dimorphism in Phlox and Euonymus.
Has observed the irritability of tendrils of Echinocystis with great interest. Was also struck by the rotating movements of the leading shoots, which he proposes to investigate.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Asa Gray |
Date: | 26 June [1863] |
Classmark: | Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (82) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-4222 |
To Asa Gray 16 October [1862]
Summary
Lythrum salicaria is coming out clear.
Would be glad of Nesaea seed.
Is disappointed with Melastoma, but is sure there is something curious to be made out.
His experiments with poisons on Drosera lead him to conclude that it possesses something analogous to nervous matter.
Comments on natural hybrids of Verbascum.
Deplores the Civil War and the feelings it has fostered in Britain.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Asa Gray |
Date: | 16 Oct [1862] |
Classmark: | Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (81) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-3766 |
To Asa Gray 12 March [1861]
Summary
Has received Chauncey Wright’s article.
Reports on favourable response to AG’s pamphlet.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Asa Gray |
Date: | 12 Mar [1861] |
Classmark: | Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (52) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-3087 |
To Asa Gray 17 February [1878]
Summary
Heterostyly in Linum perenne. Believes the American form may be a distinct species.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Asa Gray |
Date: | 17 Feb [1878] |
Classmark: | Archives of the Gray Herbarium, Harvard University (129) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-11364 |
letter | (41) |
Darwin, C. R. | (40) |
Wright, Charles | (1) |
Gray, Asa | (41) |
Darwin, C. R. | (40) |
Wright, Charles | (1) |
John Murray
Summary
Darwin's most famous book On the origin of species by means of natural selection (Origin) was published on 22 November 1859. The publisher was John Murray, who specialised in non-fiction, particularly politics, travel and science, and had published…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Darwin's most famous book On the origin of species by means of natural selection (Origin) was …
Cross and self fertilisation
Summary
The effects of cross and self fertilisation in the vegetable kingdom, published on 10 November 1876, was the result of a decade-long project to provide evidence for Darwin’s belief that ‘‘Nature thus tells us, in the most emphatic manner, that she abhors…
Matches: 1 hits
- … The effects of cross and self fertilisation in the vegetable kingdom , published on 10 November …
Darwin in letters, 1875: Pulling strings
Summary
‘I am getting sick of insectivorous plants’, Darwin confessed in January 1875. He had worked on the subject intermittently since 1859, and had been steadily engaged on a book manuscript for nine months; January also saw the conclusion of a bitter dispute…
Matches: 1 hits
- … I am merely slaving over the sickening work of preparing new Editions …
Darwin in letters, 1863: Quarrels at home, honours abroad
Summary
At the start of 1863, Charles Darwin was actively working on the manuscript of The variation of animals and plants under domestication, anticipating with excitement the construction of a hothouse to accommodate his increasingly varied botanical experiments…
Matches: 1 hits
- … At the start of 1863, Charles Darwin was actively working on the manuscript of The variation of …
John Lort Stokes
Summary
John Lort Stokes, naval officer, was Charles Darwin’s cabinmate on the Beagle voyage – not always an enviable position. After Darwin’s death, Stokes penned a description of their evenings spent working at the large table at the centre, Stokes at his…
Matches: 1 hits
- … John Lort Stokes, naval officer, was Charles Darwin’s cabinmate on the Beagle voyage – not …
Movement in Plants
Summary
The power of movement in plants, published on 7 November 1880, was the final large botanical work that Darwin wrote. It was the only work in which the assistance of one of his children, Francis Darwin, is mentioned on the title page. The research for this…
Matches: 1 hits
- … The power of movement in plants , published on 7 November 1880, was the final large botanical …
Darwin in public and private
Summary
Extracts from Darwin's published works, in particular Descent of man, and selected letters, explore Darwin's views on the operation of sexual selection in humans, and both his publicly and privately expressed views on its practical implications…
Matches: 1 hits
- … The following extracts and selected letters explore Darwin's views on the operation of sexual …
Darwin in letters,1866: Survival of the fittest
Summary
The year 1866 began well for Charles Darwin, as his health, after several years of illness, was now considerably improved. In February, Darwin received a request from his publisher, John Murray, for a new edition of Origin. Darwin got the fourth…
Matches: 1 hits
- … The year 1866 began well for Charles Darwin, as his health, after several years of illness, was …
Forms of flowers
Summary
Darwin’s book The different forms of flowers on plants of the same species, published in 1877, investigated the structural differences in the sexual organs of flowers of the same species. It drew on and expanded five articles Darwin had published on the…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Darwin’s book The different forms of flowers on plants of the same species , published in 1877, …
Darwin in letters, 1860: Answering critics
Summary
On 7 January 1860, John Murray published the second edition of Darwin’s Origin of species, printing off another 3000 copies to satisfy the demands of an audience that surprised both the publisher and the author. It wasn't long, however, before ‘the…
Matches: 1 hits
- … On 7 January 1860, John Murray published the second edition of Darwin’s Origin of species , …
Floral Dimorphism
Summary
Sources|Discussion Questions|Experiment Floral studies In 1877 Darwin published a book that included a series of smaller studies on botanical subjects. Titled The different forms of flowers on plants of the same species, it consisted primarily of…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Sources | Discussion Questions | Experiment Floral studies In 1877 …
1.14 William Richmond, oil
Summary
< Back to Introduction William Blake Richmond’s portrait of Darwin, dating from 1879, celebrated his honorary degree of LL.D (Doctor in Laws), awarded by Cambridge University in 1877. Darwin’s return to his alma mater for the presentation ceremony…
Matches: 1 hits
- … < Back to Introduction William Blake Richmond’s portrait of Darwin, dating from 1879, …
Darwin in letters, 1864: Failing health
Summary
On receiving a photograph from Charles Darwin, the American botanist Asa Gray wrote on 11 July 1864: ‘the venerable beard gives the look of your having suffered, and … of having grown older’. Because of poor health, Because of poor health, Darwin…
Matches: 1 hits
- … On receiving a photograph from Charles Darwin, the American botanist Asa Gray wrote on 11 July …
Bartholomew James Sulivan
Summary
On Christmas Day 1866, Bartholomew Sulivan sat down to write a typically long and chatty letter to his old friend, Charles Darwin, commiserating on shared ill-health, glorying in the achievements of their children, offering to collect plant specimens, and…
Matches: 1 hits
- … On Christmas Day 1866, Bartholomew Sulivan sat down to write a typically long and chatty letter to …
Dipsacus and Drosera: Frank’s favourite carnivores
Summary
In Autumn of 1875, Francis Darwin was busy researching aggregation in the tentacles of Drosera rotundifolia (F. Darwin 1876). This phenomenon occurs when coloured particles within either protoplasm or the fluid in the cell vacuole (the cell sap) cluster…
Matches: 1 hits
- … By John Schaefer, Harvard University* Charles Darwin’s enthusiasm for carnivorous …
Species and varieties
Summary
On the origin of species by means of natural selection …so begins the title of Darwin’s most famous book, and the reader would rightly assume that such a thing as ‘species’ must therefore exist and be subject to description. But the title continues, …or…
Matches: 1 hits
- … On the origin of species by means of natural selection …so begins the title of Darwin’s most …
Francis Darwin
Summary
Known to his family as ‘Frank’, Charles Darwin’s seventh child himself became a distinguished scientist. He was an undergraduate at Trinity College, Cambridge, initially studying mathematics, but then transferring to natural sciences. Francis completed…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Known to his family as ‘Frank’, Charles Darwin’s seventh child himself became a distinguished …
Darwin's 1876 letters online
Summary
Birth, tragic death . . . and cardigan jackets. To mark the 211th anniversary of Darwin's birth, we have released online the transcripts and footnotes of over 460 letters written to and from him in 1876 and a supplement of 180 letters written before…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Birth, tragic death . . . and cardigan jackets. To mark the 211th anniversary of Darwin's birth, …
How old is the earth?
Summary
One of Darwin’s chief difficulties in making converts to his views, was convincing a sceptical public, and some equally sceptical physicists, that there had been enough time since the advent of life on earth for the slow process of natural selection to…
Matches: 1 hits
- … One of Darwin’s chief difficulties in making converts to his views, was convincing a sceptical …
The origin of language
Summary
Darwin started thinking about the origin of language in the late 1830s. The subject formed part of his wide-ranging speculations about the transmutation of species. In his private notebooks, he reflected on the communicative powers of animals, their…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Darwin started thinking about the origin of language in the late 1830s. The subject formed part of …