From W. E. Darwin [7 April 1868]
Summary
Describes the action of facial muscles at the onset of crying as observed by Langstaff.
| Author: | William Erasmus Darwin |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | [7 Apr 1868] |
| Classmark: | DAR 162: 99 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-6100 |
From Edward Wilson 22 February 1868
Summary
CD’s queries on expression.
Sends photo of a native Australian.
| Author: | Edward Wilson |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | 22 Feb 1868 |
| Classmark: | DAR 181: 124 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-5916 |
From Richard Barwell [1868?]
Summary
Crying and the action of the orbicularis.
| Author: | Richard Barwell |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | [1868?] |
| Classmark: | DAR 160: 52a |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-5749 |
From Charles Langstaff [after 22? April 1868]
Summary
Describes the appearance of the nose in crying.
| Author: | Charles Langstaff |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | [after 22? Apr 1868] |
| Classmark: | DAR 170: 1 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-7413 |
From W. E. Darwin 5 March [1868]
Summary
Crying in babies.
| Author: | William Erasmus Darwin |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | 5 Mar [1868] |
| Classmark: | DAR 162: 87 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-5981 |
From W. E. Darwin [after 25 March 1868]
Summary
Blushing in boys blind from birth. Has got information from R. H. Blair, the principal of a college for the blind.
| Author: | William Erasmus Darwin |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | [after 25 Mar 1868] |
| Classmark: | DAR 162: 82 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-6069 |
From Dyson Lacy [before 13 August 1868]
Summary
Answers to CD’s queries on expression in natives of Queensland, Australia.
[Forwarded by Edward Wilson to CD.]
| Author: | Dyson Lacy |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | [before 13 Aug 1868] |
| Classmark: | DAR 186: 49 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-6374 |
From F. F. Geach 4 July 1868
Summary
Answers to Expression questionnaire.
| Author: | Frederick F. Geach |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | 4 July 1868 |
| Classmark: | DAR 165: 23/2 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-6267F |
From W. E. Darwin [7–15 April 1868]
Summary
Langstaff has never seen the platysma act, and he believes it to be rudimentary in humans.
| Author: | William Erasmus Darwin |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | [7–15 Apr 1868] |
| Classmark: | DAR 162: 80/4 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-6076 |
From Robert Swinhoe 4 August 1868
Summary
Discusses a domestic oriental fowl.
Is having problems getting answers to CD’s queries on expression as Chinese facial expressions are limited and controlled. Answers as well as he can. [See Expression index.]
| Author: | Robert Swinhoe |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | 4 Aug 1868 |
| Classmark: | DAR 177: 331 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-6303 |
From G. H. K. Thwaites 22 July 1868
Summary
GHKT is going to procure some local smoke-coloured fowls and investigate them for CD.
Encloses letter on expression queries from S. O. Glenie.
| Author: | George Henry Kendrick Thwaites |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | 22 July 1868 |
| Classmark: | DAR 178: 124; DAR 165: 53 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-6285 |
From Elinor Mary Bonham-Carter 20 March [1868]
Summary
Reports her sister-in-law’s observations of her child, up to three months old, while crying and screaming.
| Author: | Elinor Mary Bonham-Carter; Elinor Mary Dicey |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | 20 Mar [1868] |
| Classmark: | DAR 160: 244 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-6028 |
From William Bowman 1 April [1868]
Summary
Asks for precise reference in Charles Bell to subject of CD’s question. Agrees to assist CD’s investigation. Asks about Bell’s observations on eyes engorged with blood. Has noticed that eyes of children with excessive photophobia tend to be pale when forced open.
| Author: | William Bowman, 1st baronet |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | 1 Apr [1868] |
| Classmark: | DAR 160: 268 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-6079 |
From Tristram Charles Sawyer Speedy 29 September 1868
Summary
Sends some answers to CD’s queries on expression, based on his observations of Abyssinians.
| Author: | Tristram Charles Sawyer Speedy |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | 29 Sept 1868 |
| Classmark: | DAR 177: 224 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-6398 |
From W. E. Darwin [22? April 1868]
Summary
Charles Langstaff on action of muscles in crying. He believes the primary object of the contraction of the orbicularis is to protect the eye from blood.
Blushing on the body.
| Author: | William Erasmus Darwin |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | [22? Apr 1868] |
| Classmark: | DAR 162: 83, 80, 80/1 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-6137 |
From Frederick F. Geach April 1868
Summary
Sends expanded answers [to Queries about expression], in view of CD’s statement that his first list had not been sufficiently explanatory. Is pleased that some answers confirmed CD’s views [see Expression, passim].
| Author: | Frederick F. Geach |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | Apr 1868 |
| Classmark: | DAR 165: 23 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-6077 |
From J. P. M. Weale 23 October 1868
Summary
Describes Lappago aleina, a species of South African grass,
and reports his observations on locusts and their feeding habits.
| Author: | James Philip Mansel Weale |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | 23 Oct 1868 |
| Classmark: | DAR 46.1: 93a–94a |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-6428 |
From John Scott 4 May 1868
Summary
Replies to CD’s query on expression of emotions.
| Author: | John Scott |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | 4 May 1868 |
| Classmark: | DAR 177: 118 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-6160 |
From Robert Brough Smyth 13 August 1868
Summary
Relates some observations on expression among Australian aboriginals and encloses answers to CD’s queries from other observers. [These include letters and observations from: J. A. Hagenauer, 28 May 1868; Archibald Grahame Lang, 17 June 1868; H. B. Lane, 24 June 1868; Templeton Bunnett, 25 June 1868; J. Bulmer (1868). (See introduction to Expression.)]
| Author: | Robert Brough Smyth |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | 13 Aug 1868 |
| Classmark: | DAR 177: 205–12 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-6314 |
From James Murie 1 May 1868
Summary
Measurements of the Bornean ape (Macacus inornatus, Gray). [See Descent 1: 151.]
| Author: | James Murie |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | 1 May 1868 |
| Classmark: | DAR 80: B124, B156–7 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-6155 |
| letter | (20) |
| Darwin, W. E. | (5) |
| Geach, F. F. | (2) |
| Barwell, Richard | (1) |
| Bonham-Carter, E. M. | (1) |
| Bowman, William | (1) |
| Darwin, C. R. | (20) |
| Darwin, W. E. | (5) |
| Geach, F. F. | (2) |
| Barwell, Richard | (1) |
| Bonham-Carter, E. M. | (1) |
Darwin in letters, 1872: Job done?
Summary
'My career’, Darwin wrote towards the end of 1872, 'is so nearly closed. . . What little more I can do, shall be chiefly new work’, and the tenor of his correspondence throughout the year is one of wistful reminiscence, coupled with a keen eye…
Matches: 1 hits
- … ‘My career’, Darwin wrote towards the end of 1872, ‘is so nearly closed. . . What little more I …
John Murray
Summary
Darwin's most famous book On the origin of species by means of natural selection (Origin) was published on 22 November 1859. The publisher was John Murray, who specialised in non-fiction, particularly politics, travel and science, and had published…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Darwin's most famous book On the origin of species by means of natural selection (Origin) was …
Darwin in letters, 1867: A civilised dispute
Summary
Charles Darwin’s major achievement in 1867 was the completion of his large work, The variation of animals and plants under domestication (Variation). The importance of Darwin’s network of correspondents becomes vividly apparent in his work on expression in…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Charles Darwin’s major achievement in 1867 was the completion of his large work, The …
Women as a scientific audience
Summary
Target audience? | Female readership | Reading Variation Darwin's letters, in particular those exchanged with his editors and publisher, reveal a lot about his intended audience. Regardless of whether or not women were deliberately targeted as a…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Target audience? | Female readership | Reading Variation Darwin's …
Darwin in letters, 1874: A turbulent year
Summary
The year 1874 was one of consolidation, reflection, and turmoil for Darwin. He spent the early months working on second editions of Coral reefs and Descent of man; the rest of the year was mostly devoted to further research on insectivorous plants. A…
Matches: 1 hits
- … The year 1874 was one of consolidation, reflection, and turmoil for Darwin. He spent the early …
Rewriting Origin - the later editions
Summary
For such an iconic work, the text of Origin was far from static. It was a living thing that Darwin continued to shape for the rest of his life, refining his ‘one long argument’ through a further five English editions. Many of his changes were made in…
Matches: 1 hits
- … If I lived 20 more years, & was able to work, how I sh d . have to modify the “Origin”, & …
Darwin in letters, 1871: An emptying nest
Summary
The year 1871 was an extremely busy and productive one for Darwin, with the publication in February of his long-awaited book on human evolution, Descent of man. The other main preoccupation of the year was the preparation of his manuscript on expression.…
Matches: 1 hits
- … The year 1871 was an extremely busy and productive one for Darwin, seeing the publication of his …
Women’s scientific participation
Summary
Observers | Fieldwork | Experimentation | Editors and critics | Assistants Darwin’s correspondence helps bring to light a community of women who participated, often actively and routinely, in the nineteenth-century scientific community. Here is a…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Observers | Fieldwork | Experimentation | Editors and critics | Assistants …
St George Jackson Mivart
Summary
In the second half of 1874, Darwin’s peace was disturbed by an anonymous article in the Quarterly Review suggesting that his son George was opposed to the institution of marriage and in favour of ‘unrestrained licentiousness’. Darwin suspected, correctly,…
Matches: 1 hits
- … In 1874, the Catholic zoologist St George Jackson Mivart caused Darwin and his son George serious …
Darwin in letters, 1868: Studying sex
Summary
The quantity of Darwin’s correspondence increased dramatically in 1868 due largely to his ever-widening research on human evolution and sexual selection.Darwin’s theory of sexual selection as applied to human descent led him to investigate aspects of the…
Matches: 1 hits
- … On 6 March 1868, Darwin wrote to the entomologist and accountant John Jenner Weir, ‘If …
John Maurice Herbert
Summary
John Maurice Herbert was a close friend of Darwin’s at Cambridge University. He was affectionately called ‘Cherbury’ by Darwin, a reference to the seventeenth-century philosopher Edward Herbert, Baron Cherbury, who, like John Herbert, hailed from…
Matches: 1 hits
- … John Maurice Herbert was a close friend of Darwin’s at Cambridge University. He was affectionately …
Earthworms
Summary
As with many of Darwin’s research topics, his interest in worms spanned nearly his entire working life. Some of his earliest correspondence about earthworms was written and received in the 1830s, shortly after his return from his Beagle voyage, and his…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Sources | Discussion Questions | Experiment Earthworms and Wedgwood cousins …
Darwin's in letters, 1873: Animal or vegetable?
Summary
Having laboured for nearly five years on human evolution, sexual selection, and the expression of emotions, Darwin was able to devote 1873 almost exclusively to his beloved plants. He resumed work on the digestive powers of sundews and Venus fly traps, and…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Having laboured for nearly five years on human evolution, sexual selection, and the expression of …
Darwin in public and private
Summary
Extracts from Darwin's published works, in particular Descent of man, and selected letters, explore Darwin's views on the operation of sexual selection in humans, and both his publicly and privately expressed views on its practical implications…
Matches: 1 hits
- … The following extracts and selected letters explore Darwin's views on the operation of sexual …
Survival of the fittest: the trouble with terminology Part II
Summary
The most forceful and persistent critic of the term ‘natural selection’ was the co-discoverer of the process itself, Alfred Russel Wallace. Wallace seized on Herbert Spencer’s term ‘survival of the fittest’, explicitly introduced as an alternative way of…
Matches: 1 hits
- … This term is the plain expression of the facts,—Nat. selection is a metaphorical …
Forms of flowers
Summary
Darwin’s book The different forms of flowers on plants of the same species, published in 1877, investigated the structural differences in the sexual organs of flowers of the same species. It drew on and expanded five articles Darwin had published on the…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Darwin’s book The different forms of flowers on plants of the same species , published in 1877, …
Movement in Plants
Summary
The power of movement in plants, published on 7 November 1880, was the final large botanical work that Darwin wrote. It was the only work in which the assistance of one of his children, Francis Darwin, is mentioned on the title page. The research for this…
Matches: 1 hits
- … The power of movement in plants , published on 7 November 1880, was the final large botanical …
4.14 'Fun' cartoon, 'That troubles'
Summary
< Back to Introduction Of all the cartoons showing Darwin as an ape, ‘That troubles our monkey again’ by John Gordon Thomson is the only one that hints, albeit playfully, at improper behaviour. Descent of Man had been criticised for its apparent…
Matches: 1 hits
- … < Back to Introduction Of all the cartoons showing Darwin as an ape, ‘That troubles …
Darwin in letters, 1869: Forward on all fronts
Summary
At the start of 1869, Darwin was hard at work making changes and additions for a fifth edition of Origin. He may have resented the interruption to his work on sexual selection and human evolution, but he spent forty-six days on the task. Much of the…
Matches: 1 hits
- … At the start of 1869, Darwin was hard at work making changes and additions for a fifth edition of …
Darwin in letters, 1864: Failing health
Summary
On receiving a photograph from Charles Darwin, the American botanist Asa Gray wrote on 11 July 1864: ‘the venerable beard gives the look of your having suffered, and … of having grown older’. Because of poor health, Because of poor health, Darwin…
Matches: 1 hits
- … On receiving a photograph from Charles Darwin, the American botanist Asa Gray wrote on 11 July …
