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Darwin in letters, 1874: A turbulent year

Summary

The year 1874 was one of consolidation, reflection, and turmoil for Darwin. He spent the early months working on second editions of Coral reefs and Descent of man; the rest of the year was mostly devoted to further research on insectivorous plants. A…

Matches: 20 hits

… The year 1874 was one of consolidation, reflection, and turmoil for Darwin. He spent the early …
… dispute over an anonymous review that attacked the work of Darwin’s son George dominated the second …
… and traveller Alexander von Humboldt’s 105th birthday, Darwin obliged with a reflection on his debt …
… intervals’ ( letter to D. T. Gardner, [ c . 27 August 1874 ] ). The death of a Cambridge friend, …
… and collecting beetles ( letter from W. D. Fox, 8 May [1874 ] ). Such reminiscences led Darwin to …
… much more than forwards’ ( letter to W. D. Fox, 11 May [1874 ] ). I feel very old &amp …
… Andrew Clark, whom he had been consulting since August 1873. Darwin had originally thought that …
… old & helpless’ ( letter to B. J. Sulivan, 6 January [1874 ] ). Darwin mentioned his poor …
… on the matter ( letter from Ernst Haeckel, 26 October 1874 ). Séances, psychics, and …
… by George Henry Lewes and Marian Evans (George Eliot), but Darwin excused himself, finding it too …
… Joseph Dalton Hooker ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 18 January [1874 ] ). Later in the month, …
… and an imposter’ ( letter from T. H. Huxley, 27 January 1874 ). Darwin agreed that it was ‘all …
… perform his antics’ ( letter to T. H. Huxley, 29 January [1874 ] ). This did not stop word getting …
… at his home ( letter from T. G. Appleton, 2 April 1874 ). Back over old ground New …
… Charles Lyell ( letter to Smith, Elder & Co., 8 January 1874 , letter to J. D. Hooker, 8 …
… in sympathy: ‘If anybody tries that on with my boy Leonard the old wolf will shew all the fangs he …
… [1874 ] ). At the end of June, Darwin’s fourth son, Leonard , who had joined the Royal …
… son of the Astronomer Royal, George Biddell Airy, to help Leonard gain the commission ( …
… took twelve weeks aboard the immigrant ship Merope . Leonard joined a colourful collection of …
… son Francis married Amy Ruck, the sister of a friend of Leonard Darwin’s in the Royal Engineers, on …

3.8 Leonard Darwin, interior photo

Summary

< Back to Introduction Leonard Darwin, who created the distinctive image of his father sitting on the verandah at Down House, also portrayed him as a melancholy philosopher. His head, brightly lit from above, emerges from the enveloping darkness; he…

Matches: 13 hits

… < Back to Introduction Leonard Darwin, who created the distinctive image of his father …
… is here an obvious relationship to Ouless’s painting of Darwin, and to the photographs taken by …
… on a boy’s mind?’ This was written as late as 1929, when Leonard was himself nearly eighty, but it …
… descriptions of him. At the same time, photographs of Darwin taken by his family and friends have an …
… Magazine. Desmond and Moore, in their biography of Darwin, captioned it ‘about 1874 ’, while …
… would need to have been early in that year. A letter which Leonard wrote to his father from Brompton …
… (unspecified, and now absent) might refer to the portrait of Darwin, although a pencilled note on …
… he took it in 1878. It was this photograph which Leonard himself sent to Anthony Rich, a …
… and illustrator, created a bold wood-engraved image of Darwin’s head and shoulders from Leonard ’s …
… Leipzig in 1882 . Francis Darwin lent the woodburytype of Leonard ’s photograph to Edward Woodall, …
… A portrait photograph ‘on china from the negative by Leonard Darwin’, lent to the 1909 exhibition by …
… University Library   originator of image Leonard Darwin   date of creation …
… references and bibliography DAR 186.34 (DCP-LETT-11484), Leonard Darwin’s letter to his father, …

3.7 Leonard Darwin, photo on verandah

Summary

< Back to Introduction Like the anonymous photograph of Darwin on horseback in front of Down House, Leonard Darwin’s photograph of him sitting in a wicker chair on the verandah was originally just a family memento. However, as Darwin’s high…

Matches: 14 hits

… to Introduction Like the anonymous photograph of Darwin on horseback in front of Down …
… entered the public sphere. Thus a wood engraving of Leonard Darwin’s photograph featured in the …
… Alfred Russel Wallace’s article ‘The debt of science to Darwin’. Furthermore, Wallace’s article was …
… greenhouses and paths – as the essential context of Darwin’s hallowed endeavours: his ‘loving, …
… scatter of shapes seen through the drawing-room window in Leonard ’s photograph, giving a stronger …
… to the frontispiece and in his catalogue of portraits of Darwin, Francis Darwin tentatively dated …
… Julius Bryant. However, John van Wyhe proposes 1878, as Emma Darwin’s diary records that Leonard …
… and perhaps not entirely fortuitous resemblance between Leonard ’s photograph of his father and …
… all attention directed to the subject’s characterful head. Darwin sits in his habitual pose – hands …
… as the main source for Boehm’s commemorative portrayal of Darwin in the marble statue installed in …
… University of Turin. physical location Darwin archive, Cambridge University Library …
… Library   originator of image Leonard Darwin   date of creation not …
… Century Magazine , 25:3 (Jan. 1883), with a facsimile of Darwin’s signature, and signed by the …
… p. 19, no. 92; p. 23, no. 118. Janet Browne, Charles Darwin: The Power of Place: Volume II of a …

Darwin's 1874 letters go online

Summary

The full transcripts and footnotes of over 600 letters to and from Charles Darwin in 1874 are published online for the first time. You can read about Darwin's life in 1874 through his letters and see a full list of the letters. The 1874 letters…

Matches: 11 hits

… and footnotes of over 600 letters to and from Charles Darwin in 1874 are published online for …
… licentiousness’. After re-reading what George had written, Darwin wrote: I cannot …
… of [a] lying scoundrel.— ( Letter to G. H. Darwin, 1 August [1874 ] ) The …
… behaviour in scientific society. Find out more about how Darwin and his family and friends dealt …
… signifying so much. ( Letter to W. D. Fox, 11 May [1874 ] ) At the age of 65, Darwin …
… must be enough for me ( Letter to W. D. Fox, 11 May [1874 ] ) During the year he …
… the positive ( Letter to J. D. Hooker, 30 August [1874 ] ) – he mourned after several …
… day’s work ( Letter to D. F. Nevill, 18 September [1874 ] ) Darwin’s family continued …
… ‘I am sure he will never voluntarily be idle’, wrote Darwin to the directors, fearing that Horace …
… career, married Amy Ruck and came to live in Down village as Darwin’s secretary. I …
… have to do— ( Letter to J. D. Hooker, 30 November [1874 ] ) Darwin’s continuing …

St George Jackson Mivart

Summary

In the second half of 1874, Darwin’s peace was disturbed by an anonymous article in the Quarterly Review suggesting that his son George was opposed to the institution of marriage and in favour of ‘unrestrained licentiousness’. Darwin suspected, correctly,…

Matches: 19 hits

… In 1874 , the Catholic zoologist St George Jackson Mivart caused Darwin and his son George serious …
… pp. 98–114, and Dawson 2007, pp. 77–81. George Darwin's article on marriage In …
… liberty of marriage’ in the Contemporary Review (G. H. Darwin 1873b). In this article, George …
… appeared to have created very little stir, until, in July 1874 , Mivart published an anonymous review …
… 76). Mivart’s argument did not win general assent. Darwin was more struck by the comments on …
… The following quotations from Mivart’s paper mention Darwin and George: p. 45: ‘Mr. Darwin, …
… sentiments, disguise them by studious reticence—as Mr. Darwin disguised at first his views as to the …
… licentiousness theoretically justified. Mr. George Darwin proposes that divorce should be made …
… deep debt of gratitude will indeed be one day due to Mr. Darwin— one difficult to over-estimate. …
… Clearing George's name On 27 July , Darwin wrote to George: he was thinking of taking …
… of the Quarterly ( letter from G. H. Darwin, 29 July 1874 ). Darwin hastily advised against …
… to wish to circulate ( letter to G. H. Darwin, 1 August [1874 ] ). Darwin provided a draft of the …
… to endorse them ( letter from G. H. Darwin, 5 August 1874 ). He sent a second draft, which Darwin …
… a fair copy of his letter with his letter of 6 [August] 1874 . George and Darwin were also …
… George’s letter to Murray with his letter of 11 August 1874 , and was no doubt relieved to …
… to all he asked ( letter from John Murray, 12 August 1874 ). In October, George’s letter …
… a Pickwickian sense’ ( letter to John Murray, 18 October 1874 ). In other words, Mivart had used …
… reaction was savage ( letter to G. H. Darwin, [6 December 1874 ] ). Hooker and Huxley between them …
… one’. Henrietta, Darwin’s daughter, wrote to her brother Leonard in New Zealand on 8 January: ‘Also …

Darwin’s Photographic Portraits

Summary

Darwin was a photography enthusiast. This is evident not only in his use of photography for the study of Expression and Emotions in Man and Animal, but can be witnessed in his many photographic portraits and in the extensive portrait correspondence that…

Matches: 18 hits

… Darwin was a photography enthusiast. This is evident not only in his use of …
… portraits and in the extensive portrait correspondence that Darwin undertook throughout his lifetime …
… was jokingly lamenting his role as an intermediary for Darwin and his correspondents from around the …
… of friends and relatives was not a pursuit unique to Darwin (the exchange of photographic images was …
… reinforced his experimental and scientific network. Darwin’s Portraits Darwin sat for …
… famous photographers to studio portraitists looking to sell Darwin’s image to the masses. Between …
… in nineteenth-century photography. Darwin’s first photo-chemical experience …
… This particular daguerreotype is unique in terms of Darwin’s collection of photographs – it is the …
… exchanged, but rather was an object of display placed on a Darwin family mantlepiece. The image …
… Tommy. The man behind the camera was Darwin’s younger son, Leonard Darwin, who, six years later, …
… Image: Charles Darwin on his horse ‘Tommy’, 1868, Leonard Darwin, Dar 225:116, ©Cambridge University …
… Perfilieff , a member of the Tolstoy family in March of 1874 , Darwin included the line “I have the …
… newly-produced carte . Image: Charles Darwin, 1874 , Elliot and Fry, Dar 257:11, …
… and Fry return to make his carte , he asked his son, Leonard , to produce a more private image. …
… was also made as a memento for both Darwin and for Leonard . Leonard was soon to depart on his long …
… a postman’s bag. Image: Charles Darwin, 1878, Leonard Darwin, Dar 225:119, ©Cambridge …
… but well-kept garden. It was on this new veranda that Leonard took another portrait of his father, …
… Darwin’s Pictures: Views of Evolutionary Theory, 1837-1874 . New Haven, USA: Yale University Press, …

Dramatisation script

Summary

Re: Design – Adaptation of the Correspondence of Charles Darwin, Asa Gray and others… by Craig Baxter – as performed 25 March 2007

Matches: 23 hits

… Re: Design – Adaptation of the Correspondence of Charles Darwin, Asa Gray and others… by Craig …
… as the creator of this dramatisation, and that of the Darwin Correspondence Project to be identified …
… correspondence or published writings of Asa Gray, Charles Darwin, Joseph Dalton Hooker, Jane Loring …
… Actor 1 – Asa Gray Actor 2 – Charles Darwin Actor 3 – In the dress of a modern day …
… Agassiz, Adam Sedgwick, A Friend of John Stuart Mill, Emma Darwin, Horace Darwin… and acts as a sort …
… the play unfolds and acting as a go-between between Gray and Darwin, and between the audience and …
… this, he sends out copies of his Review of the Life of Darwin. At this time in his life, Asa …
… friends in England, copies of his ‘Review of the Life of Darwin’… pencilling the address so that it …
… Joseph D Hooker GRAY: 3 Charles Darwin… made his home on the border of the little …
… are kept in check by a constitutional weakness. DARWIN: A plain but comfortable brick …
… by every blessing except that of vigorous health… DARWIN: 4 My confounded stomach …
… pursuits and the simplicity of his character. DARWIN: 5 I am allowed to work now …
… own house, where he was the most charming of hosts. DARWIN: 6 My life goes on …
… being a part of [an unpublished] manuscript. Darwin settles down to write. His tone is …
… THE CONCURRENCE OF BOTANISTS: 1855 In which Darwin initiates a long-running correspondence …
… gossip about difficult colleagues (Agassiz). Gray realizes Darwin is not revealing all of his …
… man, more formally attired and lighter on his feet than Darwin. He has many more demands on his time …
… catches his attention. He opens the letter. DARWIN: 8 April 25 th 1855. My …
… filled up the paper you sent me as well as I could. DARWIN: 10 My dear Dr Gray. I …
… is condensed in that little sheet of note-paper! DARWIN: 11 My dear Hooker… What …
… surprising good. GRAY: 12 My dear Mr Darwin, I rejoice in furnishing facts to …
… In which Gray, while continuing to provide stamps for Leonard Darwin’s collection, fails to be …
… A GRAY 3 AUGUST 1871 201 TO A GRAY 3 JUNE [1874 ] 202 FROM A GRAY 16 …

Darwin in letters, 1875: Pulling strings

Summary

‘I am getting sick of insectivorous plants’, Darwin confessed in January 1875. He had worked on the subject intermittently since 1859, and had been steadily engaged on a book manuscript for nine months; January also saw the conclusion of a bitter dispute…

Matches: 22 hits

… Editions Plants always held an important place in Darwin’s theorising about species, and …
… his periods of severe illness. Yet on 15 January 1875 , Darwin confessed to his close friend …
… way to continuous writing and revision, activities that Darwin found less gratifying: ‘I am slaving …
… bad.’ The process was compounded by the fact that Darwin was also revising another manuscript …
… coloured stamens.’ At intervals during the year, Darwin was diverted from the onerous task of …
… zoologist St George Jackson Mivart. In April and early May, Darwin was occupied with a heated …
… chapter of the controversy involved a slanderous attack upon Darwin’s son George, in an anonymous …
… on 12 January , breaking off all future communication. Darwin had been supported during the affair …
… Society of London, and a secretary of the Linnean Society, Darwin’s friends had to find ways of …
… pp. 16–17). ‘How grandly you have defended me’, Darwin wrote on 6 January , ‘You have also …
… in public. ‘Without cutting him direct’, he advised Darwin on 7 January , ‘I should avoid him, …
… & again’ ( letter from J. D. Hooker, 16 January 1875 ). Darwin had also considered taking up …
… , ‘I feel now like a pure forgiving Christian!’ Darwin’s ire was not fully spent, however, …
… in the same Quarterly article that attacked George. Darwin raised the matter at the end of the …
… laid to rest, another controversy was brewing. In December 1874 , Darwin had been asked to sign a …
… Hensleigh and Frances Wedgwood. She had corresponded with Darwin about the evolution of the moral …
… could not sign the paper sent me by Miss Cobbe.’ Darwin found Cobbe’s memorial inflammatory …
… botanical research and had visited Down House in April 1874 (see Correspondence vol. 22, letters …
… A scientific friendship had developed between the men in 1874 , and this was enhanced by Romanes’s …
… white’ ( letter from G. J. Romanes, [before 4 November 1874 ] ). Testing Pangenesis …
… was great’, Henrietta Emma Litchfield wrote to her brother Leonard on 14 September, ‘& special …
… had learned of Lyell’s failing health from Hooker in 1874 and January 1875. On 22 February, he was …

Insectivorous plants

Summary

Darwin’s work on insectivorous plants began by accident. While on holiday in the summer of 1860, staying with his wife’s relatives in Hartfield, Sussex, he went for long walks on the heathland and became curious about the large number of insects caught by…

Matches: 22 hits

… Darwin’s work on insectivorous plants began by accident. While on holiday in …
… illness, probably typhoid fever. While caring for Etty, Darwin’s wife Emma wrote to a friend: …
… he hopes to end in proving it to be an animal.’ ( Emma Darwin 2: 177) By the end of August …
… In this song the lyrics are based on Darwin's statements about insectivorous plants in his …
… exchanging over twenty letters in the autumn of 1860 alone. Darwin started by asking Oliver to …
… as the Australian Drosera , and tried to reproduce Darwin’s results on the reaction of …
… certain nitrogenous compounds is marvellous. ’ Darwin turned his attention to the mechanism …
… viscid, dark red fluid. ’ By the end of November Darwin wrote to Charles Lyell: ‘ I will …
… of the Royal Society in February 1861 (Bonney 1919, p. 154), Darwin decided not to publish his …
… in Bournemouth in September 1862 for the sake of his son Leonard ’s and wife’s recovery from …
… analogous in constitution & function to nervous matter. ’ Darwin wrote to the surveyor Edward …
… plants for 10 years. Early in 1872, Asa Gray reminded Darwin ‘ pray don’t run off on some …
… about Drosera & Dionæa ’. By August and September, Darwin was ordering essential oils and …
… New Jersey with these remarkable observations and Darwin asked her to observe the North …
… sundew) . As part of his medical training, Darwin’s son Francis studied histology at the …
… performing comparative experiments on animals. After Darwin had sent Burdon Sanderson an abstract of …
… was so pleased with his results he excitedly telegraphed Darwin and presented them in paper to …
… Brown Institution’s staff, Thomas Lauder Brunton, assisted Darwin with the digestibility of chondrin …
… of Chemistry Edward Frankland supplied pure chemicals for Darwin’s study of digestion and …
… substance . After many careful experiments, in May 1874 Darwin proudly reported to his cousin …
… (the genus of tropical pitcher-plants) in parallel with Darwin’s study of Drosera and Dionaea …
… as your finger nail in 48 hours to lovely jelly ’, while Darwin could only reply: ‘ Poor Drosera …

3.16 Oscar Rejlander, photos

Summary

< Back to Introduction Darwin’s plans for the illustration of his book The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (1872) led him to the Swedish-born painter and photographer, Oscar Gustaf Rejlander. Rejlander gave Darwin the notes that he had…

Matches: 18 hits

… < Back to Introduction Darwin’s plans for the illustration of his book The …
… and photographer, Oscar Gustaf Rejlander. Rejlander gave Darwin the notes that he had himself made …
… in the early 1870s (he died in January 1875), and Darwin assisted him financially on at least one …
… The Expression of the Emotions. In April of that year, Darwin wrote to the London firm of Elliott …
… to any purchasers’. Phillip Prodger has suggested that Darwin agreed to be photographed by Rejlander …
… Expression of the Emotions. Open sale of any portraits of Darwin was likely to be highly …
… Library contains photographs by him of Richard Litchfield (Darwin’s son in law), and another man, …
… this was the wedding day of Litchfield and Henrietta Darwin, which Rejlander thus commemorated. …
… plans for purveying a fanciful or dramatised portrayal of Darwin, he was evidently thwarted, as …
… transition from pathognomy to portraiture in his work for Darwin must have raised interesting …
… and on one side. Of the five or so known photographs of Darwin, evidently taken at more than one …
… photographs. In this way they communicate a sense of Darwin’s commanding intellect and physical …
… However, they may have seemed too dramatic to please the Darwin family, and were evidently not …
… Dresser. However, it was a fourth photograph, showing just Darwin’s head and shoulders in profile, …
… press. On 11 November 1871, Rejlander sent Darwin ‘a bundle of cards’, which were probably …
… supposition is strengthened by the fact that in October 1871 Darwin himself had written to the …
… as a steel engraving, which was published in Nature in 1874 , and was included in Francis Darwin …
… to the Subscribers to Nature no. 240 June 4 th 1874 ’. Wood engraving in The Graphic , XI:278 …

Darwin in letters, 1876: In the midst of life

Summary

1876 was the year in which the Darwins became grandparents for the first time. And tragically lost their daughter-in-law, Amy, who died just days after her son's birth. All the letters from 1876 are now published in volume 24 of The Correspondence…

Matches: 23 hits

… The year 1876 started out sedately enough with Darwin working on the first draft of his book on the …
… games. ‘I have won, hurrah, hurrah, 2795 games’, Darwin boasted; ‘my wife … poor creature, has won …
… regarding the ailments that were so much a feature of Darwin family life. But the calm was not to …
… four days later. ‘I cannot bear to think of the future’, Darwin confessed to William on 11 …
… once, the labour of checking proofs proved a blessing, as Darwin sought solace for the loss of his …
… and his baby son Bernard now part of the household, and Darwin recasting his work on dimorphic and …
… had involved much time and effort the previous year, and Darwin clearly wanted to focus his …
… When Smith, Elder and Company proposed reissuing two of Darwin’s three volumes of the geology of …
… single-volume edition titled Geological observations , Darwin resisted making any revisions at …
… volume, Coral reefs , already in its second edition. Darwin was nevertheless ‘firmly resolved not …
… meticulous correction of errors in the German editions made Darwin less anxious about correcting the …
… to Carus. ( Letter to J. V. Carus, 24 April 1876. ) Darwin focused instead on the second …
… concentrated on the ‘means of crossing’, was seen by Darwin as the companion to Cross and self …
… return to old work than part of the future work outlined by Darwin in his ‘little Autobiography’ ( …
… holiday after finishing Cross and self fertilisation , Darwin took up the suggestion made by a …
… for his family only. Writing for an hour every afternoon, Darwin finished his account on 3 August …
… dimittis.”’ (‘Recollections’, pp. 418–19). Darwin remained firm in his resolution to …
… ever return to the consideration of man.’ In particular, Darwin seemed eager to avoid issues that …
… wrote with the good news that he could restore Darwin to a religious life. This transformation would …
… Mivart made a slanderous attack on George Darwin in late 1874 in an anonymous article, which …
… Just four days later, Darwin had the hard task of telling Leonard that Amy, after seeming to recover …
… not by hiding the pain of the situation, but by reminding Leonard of how much his friendship had …
… & a Prof. Romer came to lunch’, Emma Darwin reported to Leonard Darwin on 29 September (DAR 239 …

Darwin in letters, 1882: Nothing too great or too small

Summary

In 1882, Darwin reached his 74th year Earthworms had been published the previous October, and for the first time in decades he was not working on another book. He remained active in botanical research, however. Building on his recent studies in plant…

Matches: 27 hits

… In 1882, Darwin reached his 74th year Earthworms had been published the previous …
… for scientific colleagues or their widows facing hardship. Darwin had suffered from poor health …
… of his scientific friends quickly organised a campaign for Darwin to have greater public recognition …
… Botanical observation and experiment had long been Darwin’s greatest scientific pleasure. The year …
… to Fritz Müller, 4 January 1882 ). These were topics that Darwin had been investigating for years, …
… working at the effects of Carbonate of Ammonia on roots,’ Darwin wrote, ‘the chief result being that …
… for some hours in a weak solution of C. of Ammonia’. Darwin’s interest in root response and the …
… London on 6 and 16 March, respectively. In January, Darwin corresponded with George John …
… letter from Arthur de Souza Corrêa, 28 December 1881 ). Darwin had a long-running interest in such …
… experiments had been conducted to lend support to Darwin’s theory of pangenesis (see …
… He was eager to write up the results on Brazilian cane, with Darwin providing a detailed outline: ‘I …
… at the Linnean Society on 4 May, but not published. Darwin carried on with botanical work in …
… which are asymmetric, thus facilitating cross-fertilisation. Darwin’s aim, he said, was just to …
… 3 April 1882 ). Earthworms and evolution Darwin’s last book, Earthworms , had been …
… Appendix V). The conservative Quarterly Review , owned by Darwin’s publisher John Murray, carried …
… themselves’ ( Quarterly Review , January 1882, p. 179). Darwin commented at length on the review …
… is a young man & a worker in any branch of Biology,’ Darwin continued, ‘he will assuredly sooner …
… and professor of ecclesiastical history Henry Wace. Darwin was confident that the theory of …
… James Frederick Simpson, a musical composer, had provided Darwin with observations on worm behaviour …
… by the benefits of worms to soil composition. He asked Darwin about the nitrogen content in the …
… H. Gilbert, 12 January 1882 ). In Earthworms , p. 305, Darwin had remarked on the creatures’ …
… in a draw, with both combatants the worse for wear. Darwin’s writing on human evolution …
… extracts from the diary of Bronson Alcott, who, like Darwin, had made detailed observations of his …
… Anthony Rich, he shared several of his sons’ achievements. Leonard had been appointed to observe the …
… is always easier to write than to speak,’ she wrote to Leonard , ‘& so though I shall see you so …
… & have been able to be to him’ (letter from Emma Darwin to Leonard Darwin, [21? April 1882] (DAR …
… father confessor. ( Letter from Charles Lyell, 1 September 1874 .) Darwin’s fame continued …

Before Origin: the ‘big book’

Summary

Darwin began ‘sorting notes for Species Theory’ on 9 September 1854, the very day he concluded his eight-year study of barnacles (Darwin's Journal). He had long considered the question of species. In 1842, he outlined a theory of transmutation in a…

Matches: 26 hits

… Darwin began ‘sorting notes for Species Theory’ on 9 September 1854, the …
… day he concluded his eight-year study of barnacles ( Darwin's Journal ). He had long …
… to paper in a more substantial essay. By this point, Darwin had also admitted to his close friend …
… he acknowledged, ‘ like confessing a murder ’. While Darwin recognised he had far more work to do …
… sudden death . Later in 1844, he told the naturalist Leonard Jenyns that he had been ‘steadily …
… reaction to the transmutation theory it contained convinced Darwin that further evidence for the …
… of Vestiges to him. It took another ten years before Darwin felt ready to start collating his …
… six months before he started sorting his species notes, Darwin had worried that the process would …
… explodes like an empty puff-ball ’, he told Hooker. Darwin’s concern may have stemmed from …
… immutability of species ’, he told his cousin William Darwin Fox. Experimental work …
… set up to provide crucial evidence for his arguments. Fox, Darwin assumed, would have bred pigeons …
… intensely bred to exaggerate particular characters, would, Darwin believed, clearly exhibit the …
… amusement’ and be a ‘ horrid bore ’. Contrary to Darwin’s expectations, however, the pigeon …
… Henrietta . In April 1855, at the same time as Darwin began his pigeon breeding programme, …
… Hoping to benefit from Hooker’s botanical expertise, Darwin inquired: ‘ will you tell me at a …
… land bridges suggested by the naturalist Edward Forbes. Darwin declared to Hooker in July 1856 ‘y …
… to me, & yet I cannot honestly admit the doctrine ’. Darwin thought Forbes’ hypothesis ‘ an …
… of untying it. ’ Persuading men of science Darwin’s patient untying of the knot of …
… about the permanence of species.— By 1857, Darwin had found the confidence to describe his …
… of fellow naturalists. Gray’s response was everything Darwin must have hoped for. Stating that his …
… definiteness of species’, Gray expressed his interest in Darwin’s work because it began with ‘ good …
… ’ However, it was not responses like this that led Darwin to ask that his species theory still be …
… had gone through ten editions and was still selling well. Darwin was worried about plagiarism and …
… by those alone whose opinion I value.— ‘ Darwin’s increasing confidence was built on the …
… Charles Lyell, who, in May 1856, twenty months after Darwin had begun sorting his species notes, …
… writing and publishing a ‘sketch’ of his theory ( Darwin's Journal ). Just a month …

Francis Galton

Summary

Galton was a naturalist, statistician, and evolutionary theorist. He was a second cousin of Darwin’s, having descended from his grandfather, Erasmus. Born in Birmingham in 1822, Galton studied medicine at King’s College, London, and also read mathematics…

Matches: 11 hits

… and evolutionary theorist. He was a second cousin of Darwin’s, having descended from his grandfather …
… a natural historical narrative of the journey (Galton 1853). Darwin enjoyed and admired Galton’s …
… Hereditary Genius (1869), which contained an entry on the Darwin family, including the “author of …
… for subjects of natural history”. Shortly after Darwin published his preliminary hypothesis …
… on rabbits to test the theory. He reported regularly to Darwin on these experiments, which involved …
… Royal Society claiming that his results tended to disprove Darwin’s theory (Galton 1871). This …
… 1871 ). His views on inheritance continued to diverge from Darwin’s, however. He studied cases of …
… Galton shared his views in several lengthy letters, but Darwin struggled with the abstract reasoning …
… and infirmities, with the aim of improving the population. Darwin was less optimistic about such a …
… ( 4 January [1873] ). Like most of his contemporaries, Darwin continued to believe in the …
… English men of science: their nature and nurture (Galton 1874 ), Darwin insisted that he had no …

Darwin in letters, 1872: Job done?

Summary

'My career’, Darwin wrote towards the end of 1872, 'is so nearly closed. . . What little more I can do, shall be chiefly new work’, and the tenor of his correspondence throughout the year is one of wistful reminiscence, coupled with a keen eye…

Matches: 30 hits

… ‘My career’, Darwin wrote towards the end of 1872, ‘is so nearly closed. . . What little …
… of On the origin of species , intended to be Darwin’s last, and of Expression of the …
… books brought a strong if deceptive sense of a job now done: Darwin intended, he declared to Alfred …
… 27 July [1872] ). By the end of the year Darwin was immersed in two of the studies that …
… of books and papers, and the latter formed the subject of Darwin’s last book, The formation of …
… worms , published in the year before his death. Despite Darwin’s declared intention to take up new …
… begun many years before. In his private life also, Darwin was in a nostalgic frame of mind, …
… The last word on Origin The year opened with Darwin, helped by his eldest son William, …
… on 30 January , shortly after correcting the proofs, and Darwin’s concern for the consolidation of …
… and sixth editions were costly to incorporate, and despite Darwin’s best efforts, set the final …
… closely involved in every stage of publication of his books, Darwin was keen to ensure that this …
… to bring out the new edition in the United States, Darwin arranged with Murray to have it …
… had to be reset. The investment in stereotype reinforced Darwin’s intention to make no further …
… A worsening breach The criticisms against which Darwin had taken the greatest trouble to …
… objections to the theory of natural selection’, Darwin refuted point by point assertions published …
… Although Mivart was among those who wrote in January to wish Darwin a happy new year, before the …
… critical and anonymously published review of Descent . Darwin’s supporters had rallied to his …
… The republication of Wright’s paper had been arranged by Darwin himself (see Correspondence vol. …
… so bigotted a person as I am made to appear’, complained Darwin ( letter to St G. J. Mivart, 5 …
… that he would willingly acknowledge himself at fault if only Darwin would renounce `fundamental …
… letter to St G. J. Mivart, 8 January [1872] ). Despite Darwin’s request that he drop the …
… ( letter from St G. J. Mivart, 10 January 1872 ). Darwin, determined to have the last word in …
… 11 January [1872] ). 'I hate controversy,’ Darwin wrote later in the year, possibly with this …
… ( letter to A. R. Wallace, 3 August [1872] ). Darwin's theories under siege …
… sexual selection in human evolution, continued to trouble Darwin. ‘At present natural selection is …
… about the level of support for his theories abroad and Darwin, directing operations from the safe …
… 13 December 1872 ). 'Here is a bee' Darwin discussed the reception of his …
… selection to bees (H. Müller 1872), and with his reply Darwin enclosed an account of research he had …
… Darwin used his correspondence with Airy to support his son Leonard ’s application to join the …
… Ruck, the sister of an old schoolfriend; he married Amy in 1874 . Francis, still a medical student …

Darwin’s reading notebooks

Summary

In April 1838, Darwin began recording the titles of books he had read and the books he wished to read in Notebook C (Notebooks, pp. 319–28). In 1839, these lists were copied and continued in separate notebooks. The first of these reading notebooks (DAR 119…

Matches: 22 hits

… In April 1838, Darwin began recording the titles of books he had read and the books he wished …
… used these notebooks extensively in dating and annotating Darwin’s letters; the full transcript …
… *128). For clarity, the transcript does not record Darwin’s alterations. The spelling and …
… book had been consulted. Those cases where it appears that Darwin made a genuine deletion have been …
… a few instances, primarily in the ‘Books Read’ sections, Darwin recorded that a work had been …
… of the books listed in the other two notebooks. Sometimes Darwin recorded that an abstract of the …
… own. Soon after beginning his first reading notebook, Darwin began to separate the scientific …
… the second reading notebook. Readers primarily interested in Darwin’s scientific reading, therefore, …
… editors’ identification of the book or article to which Darwin refers. A full list of these works is …
… page number (or numbers, as the case may be) on which Darwin’s entry is to be found. The …
… in the bibliography that other editions were available to Darwin. While it is likely that Darwin …
… where we are not certain that the work cited is the one Darwin intended, we have prefixed the …
… mark. Complete or partial runs of journals which Darwin recorded as having read or skimmed …
… to the journal appear, and the location of abstracts in the Darwin archive and journals included in …
… no means a complete representation of the books and journals Darwin read. The Darwin archive …
… are not found listed here. The description given by Francis Darwin of his father’s method of …
… number and the general orientation of the works upon which Darwin drew, particularly in the process …
… design . (Bridgewater Treatise no. 4.) London. [9th ed. (1874 ) in Darwin Library.] 119: 5a …
… eds.] [Abstract in DAR 91: 13.] 119: 9b Horner, Leonard , ed. 1843. Memoirs and …
… conflict . 3 vols. London. 128: 25 Jenyns, Leonard . 1838. Further remarks on the …
… dit jardin. Augsbourg. 128: 16 [Knapp, John Leonard ]. 1829. Journal of a …
… waters. Philadelphia. 128: 8 Staunton, George Leonard . 1797. An authentic account of …

	carnivorous plants	(1)
	CCD intro	(4)
	Coral reefs	(1)
	Darwin's controversies	(2)
	Descent of man	(1)
	spiritualism	(1)
	Correspondents	(2)
	Readers and critics	(1)
	About Darwin	(1)
	Featured	(3)
	drama	(1)
	Life sciences	(1)
	Natural selections: a longer read	(1)
	video	(1)
	Family and friends	(1)
	Historical documents	(1)

Darwin Correspondence Project

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