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Darwin in letters, 1861: Gaining allies
Summary
The year 1861 marked an important change in the direction of Darwin’s work. He had weathered the storm that followed the publication of Origin, and felt cautiously optimistic about the ultimate acceptance of his ideas. The letters from this year provide an…
Matches: 25 hits
- … The year 1861 marked an important change in the direction of Darwin’s work. By then, he had …
- … , developed into an intensive study of the phenomenon in 1861. Orchids, in particular the …
- … propagation, hybridism, and other phenomena that, as Darwin said in his Autobiography , he had …
- … provide an unusually detailed and intimate understanding of Darwin’s problem-solving method of work …
- … 1860 that a new edition of Origin was called for, Darwin took the opportunity to include in the …
- … of natural selection. With this work behind him, Darwin took steps to convince those who …
- … good service’ ( letter to Asa Gray, 26–7 Februrary [1861] ). Darwin drew up a carefully thought …
- … pamphlet (see Correspondence vol. 9, Appendix III). However, Darwin himself remained unconvinced by …
- … began to decline later in the year, scientific interest in Darwin’s views continued unabated and …
- … the third edition and the comments of naturalists with whom Darwin corresponded, showed that a …
- … the theory of natural selection for their particular fields. Darwin relished these explorations, …
- … the Zoologist by George Maw, for example, singled out Darwin’s explanation of the numerous …
- … remained notable instances of design in nature. Although Darwin, in his subsequent correspondence …
- … Charles Lyell ( see letter to Charles Lyell, 20 July [1861] ). One reason for Darwin’s interest in …
- … proved’ ( see second letter to J. D. Hooker, 23 [April 1861] ). Darwin continued to stress to his …
- … followed in Origin was singled out for praise in 1861. He had been disappointed to learn of John …
- … a committed crusader, Darwin wrote to Herschel, on 23 May [1861]: 'You will think me very …
- … to such a subject’ ( letter from Henry Fawcett, 16 July [1861] ). Mill in fact included a brief …
- … of any service!’ ( letter to Henry Fawcett, 18 September [1861] ). Darwin added some new …
- … the geological record ( see letter to George Maw, 19 July [1861] ). The American palaeontologist …
- … opportunity’ ( letter from Joseph Leidy, 4 March [1861] ). However, the publication of Leidy’s …
- … her new species’ ( letter from H. W. Bates, 28 March [1861] ). Mimicry Bates' …
- … death in September 1860 of their first-born, Noel, he and Emma invited her and the children to Down …
- … the hope that sea air would improve the health of Henrietta Emma Darwin, who had been suffering for …
- … and cousin on a week-long tour of Dartmoor. Both Darwin and Emma, however, in part credited Joseph …
Dramatisation script
Summary
Re: Design – Adaptation of the Correspondence of Charles Darwin, Asa Gray and others… by Craig Baxter – as performed 25 March 2007
Matches: 17 hits
- … Re: Design – Adaptation of the Correspondence of Charles Darwin, Asa Gray and others… by Craig …
- … as the creator of this dramatisation, and that of the Darwin Correspondence Project to be identified …
- … correspondence or published writings of Asa Gray, Charles Darwin, Joseph Dalton Hooker, Jane Loring …
- … Actor 1 – Asa Gray Actor 2 – Charles Darwin Actor 3 – In the dress of a modern day …
- … Louis Agassiz, Adam Sedgwick, A Friend of John Stuart Mill, Emma Darwin, Horace Darwin… and acts as …
- … the play unfolds and acting as a go-between between Gray and Darwin, and between the audience and …
- … this, he sends out copies of his Review of the Life of Darwin. At this time in his life, Asa …
- … friends in England, copies of his ‘Review of the Life of Darwin’… pencilling the address so that it …
- … Joseph D Hooker GRAY: 3 Charles Darwin… made his home on the border of the little …
- … are kept in check by a constitutional weakness. DARWIN: A plain but comfortable brick …
- … Thank God he will never suffer more in this world. Poor Emma behaved nobly and how she stood it all …
- … DARWIN: My wife’s remark on reading this, was EMMA: Why, you know nothing about Logic. …
- … hopelessly in the mud. BEGINNING OF WAR IN AMERICA: 1861-1862 In which the start of …
- … fire. Military drums. GRAY: 113 April 1861. We are now opening a war, upon the …
- … 1856 29 C DARWIN TO A GRAY, 11 APRIL 1861 30 A GRAY TO C DARWIN, EARLY …
- … 16 FEB 1863 99 C DARWIN TO LYELL, 21 AUGUST 1861 100 A GRAY, ATLANTIC …
- … 3 JULY 1860 109 C DARWIN TO A GRAY, 21 JULY 1861 110 QUOTED IN C …
The Lyell–Lubbock dispute
Summary
In May 1865 a dispute arose between John Lubbock and Charles Lyell when Lubbock, in his book Prehistoric times, accused Lyell of plagiarism. The dispute caused great dismay among many of their mutual scientific friends, some of whom took immediate action…
Matches: 23 hits
- … of whom took immediate action to mediate a solution. Charles Darwin had close ties with both men and …
- … In the concluding paragraphs of Origin , Darwin had predicted that a ‘revolution in natural …
- … evidence to establish the age of the human race. In 1861, Lubbock joined Thomas Henry Huxley …
- … geologico-archaeological researches in Denmark’ (Lubbock 1861) for the October 1861 issue. The …
- … source of many of the ‘details’ for his article (Lubbock 1861, p. 494). Meanwhile, Lubbock continued …
- … type for Elements of geology in 1860 and then re-set in 1861 for Antiquity of man (see below …
- … in the October Number of the Natural History Review , 1861, p. 489, in which he has described the …
- … aspects of the book. Throughout the first half of 1863, Darwin discussed the book in correspondence …
- … spoke out publicly about any controversial aspect. Darwin’s chief complaint about the book …
- … he thought about ‘the derivation of Species’. 8 Darwin continued to feel aggrieved about …
- … to the Athenæum . 9 In the same letter, Darwin touched on an area of public …
- … accusation, which had just appeared in the Athenæum . Darwin had not advised Falconer personally, …
- … 11 In the same review Lubbock expressed publicly what Darwin had said privately; that is, that …
- … given that ‘the whole tenor of his argument’ supported Darwin’s theory ([Lubbock] 1863b, p. 213). …
- … note on p. 11 of C. Lyell 1863c, which implied that Lubbock 1861 had been written after the chapter …
- … similarity of certain passages in C. Lyell 1863c and Lubbock 1861 (and consequently in Lubbock 1865) …
- … explaining his position and citing passages in Lubbock 1861 and C. Lyell 1863c that were almost …
- … of all three letters to a number of friends, including Darwin. 22 Just before he …
- … was not original work (Lubbock had based much of his 1861 article on earlier Danish studies) it …
- … which were published in the interval between the autumn of 1861 and February 1863. In this long …
- … a translation for the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, 1861. 35 The distinguished …
- … the October number of the ‘Natural History Review’ for 1861, to improve the wording, and …
- … Hooker, [31 May 1865] and n. 1. 23. Letter from Emma Darwin to Henrietta Emma Darwin, …
Evolution: Selected Letters of Charles Darwin 1860-1870
Summary
This selection of Charles Darwin’s letters includes correspondence with his friends and scientific colleagues around the world; letters by the critics who tried to stamp out his ideas, and by admirers who helped them to spread. It takes up the story of…
Matches: 13 hits
- … This selection of Charles Darwin’s letters includes correspondence with his friends and scientific …
- … admirers who helped them to spread. It takes up the story of Darwin’s life in 1860, in the immediate …
- … of publication of Descent of Man in 1871. In this period Darwin became a public figure, and the …
- … increased accordingly. Letters conveyed public reaction to Darwin, as people who were often complete …
- … worked up, or their religious doubts and concerns for Darwin’s own soul. Darwin himself used letters …
- … world a questionnaire on the expression of the emotions. Darwin also continued to confide in his …
- … yet been pointed out to me. No doubt many will be. Darwin to Huxley, 1860. …
- … when I know you have been miserably uncomfortable. Emma to Charles Darwin, 1861. …
- … gravitating towards your doctrines … Huxley to Darwin, 1862. I cannot bear …
- … what you think about the derivation of Species … Darwin to Charles Lyell, 1863. …
- … fairly settled & succeeding in India. John Scott to Darwin, 1864. I …
- … was quite out of balance once during our voyage … Darwin to Hooker (on hearing of Robert …
- … that the necks of your horses are badly galled … Darwin to a local landowner, 1866. …
Darwin and Fatherhood
Summary
Charles Darwin married Emma Wedgwood in 1839 and over the next seventeen years the couple had ten children. It is often assumed that Darwin was an exceptional Victorian father. But how extraordinary was he? The Correspondence Project allows an unusually…
Matches: 14 hits
- … Charles Darwin married Emma Wedgwood in 1839 and over the next seventeen years the couple had ten …
- … an unusually large number of letters sent by members of the Darwin family to be studied. However, in …
- … required them to work long hours away from their family. Darwin was unusual in being able to pursue …
- … this part of Kent as ‘extraordinarily rural & quiet’ (Darwin to his sister Catherine, [24 July …
- … left their children in the care of servants in the country. Darwin frequently expressed regrets that …
- … meetings and social events in the capital. As a result, Darwin rarely spent a day without the …
- … they employed eight servants including two nursery maids. Emma actively supervised and assisted with …
- … ‘visits’ to see their father when he was working (Darwin to his wife Emma, [7-8 February 1845] ). …
- … children’s development in diaries and letters. However, Darwin was unusual for the systematic …
- … was far more typical of mid-nineteenth-century fathers was Darwin’s intense involvement in his …
- … to incessant anxiety & movement on account of Etty.’ (Darwin to W. D. Fox, 18 October [1860] …
- … (Darwin to W. D. Fox, 10 October [1850] ) as he and Emma tried to choose suitable schools and …
- … children in letters to friends, and the choices that he and Emma made were deliberately conventional …
- … the age of twenty-six. This meant that in old age Darwin and Emma continued to share Down House with …
'An Appeal' against animal cruelty
Summary
The four-page pamphlet transcribed below and entitled 'An Appeal', was composed jointly by Emma and Charles Darwin (see letter from Emma Darwin to W. D. Fox, [29 September 1863]). The pamphlet, which protested against the cruelty of steel vermin…
Matches: 12 hits
- … below and entitled 'An Appeal', was composed jointly by Emma and Charles Darwin (see …
- … of steel vermin-traps, was privately printed in July, and Emma organised the distribution of the …
- … 1872, pp. 99–100, 1 April 1874, p. 56). Charles and Emma distributed the 'Appeal' …
- … that a prize should be offered for a humane trap, and Emma accordingly sent out papers for …
- … for distributing the 'cruelty pamphlet', and letter from Emma Darwin to W. D. Fox, 8 …
- … paper Animal World , and prominently linked Charles Darwin"s name to the offer of a prize …
- … had little direct effect (Moss 1961, pp. 146–7, Emma Darwin 2: 200). Although the RSPCA …
- … than the possible alternatives (see letter from E. L. Darwin, 7 September 1863, letter from Emma …
- … in 1877 ( Spectator , 6 January 1877, p. 15, and Emma Darwin 2: 200–1). While Emma …
- … to the RSPCA, payments being recorded from 1854 to 1861, in 1863 and 1864, from 1871 to 1875, and in …
- … of the cartridge in 1808 and the breech-loading shotgun in 1861, transformed the traditional sport …
- … two resident gamekeepers were recorded in Down, Kent, in 1861: John Higwood, under-gamekeeper, age …
Religion
Summary
Design|Personal Belief|Beauty|The Church Perhaps the most notorious realm of controversy over evolution in Darwin's day was religion. The same can be said of the evolution controversy today; however the nature of the disputes and the manner in…
Matches: 13 hits
- … the most notorious realm of controversy over evolution in Darwin's day was religion. The same …
- … nineteenth century were different in important ways. Many of Darwin's leading supporters were …
- … their religious beliefs with evolutionary theory. Darwin's own writing, both in print and …
- … much as possible. A number of correspondents tried to draw Darwin out on his own religious views, …
- … political contexts. Design Darwin was not the first to challenge …
- … on the controversial topic of design. The first is between Darwin and Harvard botanist Asa Gray, …
- … second is a single letter from naturalist A. R. Wallace to Darwin on design and natural selection. …
- … a “muddle” on this issue. Letter 3256 — Darwin, C. R. to Gray, Asa, 17 Sept [1861] …
- … experiment about an angel. Letter 3342 — Darwin, C. R. to Gray, Asa, 11 Dec [1861] …
- … of each fragment at the base of my precipice”. Darwin and Wallace Letter 5140 …
- … fittest” instead of “Natural Selection”. Wallace urges Darwin to stress frequency of variations. …
- … of his own family. Letter 441 — Wedgwood, Emma to Darwin, C. R., [21–22 Nov 1838] …
- … conscientious doubts”. Letter 471 — Darwin, Emma to Darwin, C. R., [c. Feb 1839] …
Julia Wedgwood
Summary
Charles Darwin’s readership largely consisted of other well-educated Victorian men, nonetheless, some women did read, review, and respond to Darwin’s work. One of these women was Darwin’s own niece, Julia Wedgwood, known in the family as “Snow”. In July…
Matches: 15 hits
- … Though Charles Darwin’s readership largely consisted of other well-educated Victorian men, a …
- … niece, Julia Wedgwood. She was the eldest child of Emma Darwin’s brother, Hensleigh Wedgwood, …
- … novel. Her first important periodical contributions were on Darwin, Lyell, the debate on the origins …
- … management and free her to devote her time to her work. Emma Darwin was irritated by Wedgwood family …
- … of her teachers and the proximity of her uncle Charles Darwin, she ought, she said, “to have been …
- … dialogue published in Macmillan’s Magazine in 1860 and 1861, “The Boundaries of Science”, about …
- … churchmen were eventually reconciled with Darwinism. Darwin wrote to his niece: “I must tell you how …
- … that I find a very rare event with my critics”. ( Charles Darwin to F. J. Wedgwood, 11 July [1861] …
- … Wallace.) In it Wedgwood largely avoided the debate on Darwin’s explanation of the natural …
- … in animal and human behaviour, particularly in courtship. Darwin’s emphasis on man’s discovery of …
- … in Pauline doctrine. In her conclusion she reclaimed Darwin as a Theist. When Fanny Wedgwood …
- … of sexual selection] with approbation.” ( Charles and Emma Darwin to F. J. Wedgwood, [March 1871?] …
- … objections produced a sanitised version toning down Darwin’s objections to Christianity. Both the …
- … caused great offence to the Darwin sons but was accepted by Emma Darwin, with whom Wedgwood remained …
- … a dialogue. Macmillan’s Magazine 2 (1860): 134–8; 4 (1861): 237-47. Wedgwood Barbara and …
Darwin and Down
Summary
Charles and Emma Darwin, with their first two children, settled at Down House in the village of Down (later ‘Downe’) in Kent, as a young family in 1842. The house came with eighteen acres of land, and a fifteen acre meadow. The village combined the…
Matches: 9 hits
- … think London is only 16 miles off.— To E. C. Darwin, [24 July 1842] Charles …
- … village combined the benefits of rural surroundings, where Darwin could make observations and …
- … of access to London, and was the environment within which Darwin’s work over the last forty years of …
- … circular sandwalk, all contributed at one time or another to Darwin’s research. The countryside …
- … from his letters and papers remain largely as they were in Darwin's lifetime, and comparisons …
- … by English Heritage to reflect their state shortly before Darwin’s death. Selected letters: …
- … the house and surroundings: To his sister, Catherine Darwin, [24 July 1842] To P. …
- … for existence: To J. D. Hooker, 5 June [1855] : Darwin describes the systematic collection …
- … and kidney beans To J. D. Hooker, 28 September [1861] : on Verbascum ‘I do not think any …
George Eliot (Mary Ann Evans)
Summary
George Eliot was the pen name of celebrated Victorian novelist Mary Ann Evans (1819-1880). She was born on the outskirts of Nuneaton in Warwickshire and was educated at boarding schools from the age of five until she was 16. Her education ended when she…
Matches: 4 hits
- … novels, under her pen name, achieved great acclaim. Darwin and his family were keen readers …
- … afternoons, when they received visitors (23 March 1873; Emma described his visit in a letter to …
- … was positive, also encouraging him to call again and bring Emma. In fact, Emma and her younger …
- … started ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 18 January [1874] ). Darwin took Emma to a Sunday afternoon at …
Women’s scientific participation
Summary
Observers | Fieldwork | Experimentation | Editors and critics | Assistants Darwin’s correspondence helps bring to light a community of women who participated, often actively and routinely, in the nineteenth-century scientific community. Here is a…
Matches: 16 hits
- … | Editors and critics | Assistants Darwin’s correspondence helps bring to light a …
- … community. Here is a selection of letters exchanged between Darwin and his workforce of women …
- … Women: Letter 1194 - Darwin to Whitby, M. A. T., [12 August 1849] Darwin …
- … peculiarities in inheritance. Letter 3787 - Darwin, H. E. to Darwin, [29 October …
- … garden. Letter 4523 - Wedgwood, L. C. to Darwin, [6 June 1864] Darwin’s …
- … . Letter 5745 - Barber, M. E. to Darwin, [after February 1867] Mary Barber …
- … Letter 6535 - Vaughan Williams , M. S. to Darwin, H. E., [after 14 October 1869] …
- … her observations on the expression of emotion in dogs with Emma Darwin. Letter 8676 …
- … 1868] Darwin’s nephew, Edmund, writes to Emma Darwin’s sister, Sarah, with observations of …
- … Darwin’s nephews, Edmund and Charles, write to Emma Darwin’s sister, Sarah, with observations of …
- … Wedgwood, S. E. & J. to Darwin, [10 November 1837] Emma’s sister, Sarah, passes on …
- … E. to Darwin, W. E., [January 23rd 1887]: Emma Darwin tells her eldest son, William, …
- … E. to Darwin, W. E. , (March, 1862 - DAR 219.1:49) Emma Darwin updates her son, William, …
- … is a great critic”, thought the article worth reprinting, Emma was less convinced. Letter …
- … Letter 3298 - Darwin to Clarke, W. B., [25 October 1861] Darwin asks William Clarke to …
- … Letter 3316 - Darwin to Nevill, D. F., [12 November 1861] Darwin requests the …
Darwin and the Church
Summary
The story of Charles Darwin’s involvement with the church is one that is told far too rarely. It shows another side of the man who is more often remembered for his personal struggles with faith, or for his role in large-scale controversies over the…
Matches: 22 hits
- … The story of Charles Darwin’s involvement with the church is one that is told far too rarely. It …
- … unique window into this complicated relationship throughout Darwin’s life, as it reveals his …
- … belief (and doubt) than many non-conformist denominations. Darwin’s parents attended a Unitarian …
- … the necessary studies to be a clergyman. During Darwin’s lifetime, the vast majority of the …
- … income was essential to enjoy a gentlemanly lifestyle. For Darwin, who could rely on the financial …
- … compatible with the pursuit of scientific interests. Indeed, Darwin’s Cambridge mentor, John Stevens …
- … (Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine (1887): 321). Darwin started on his journey around the world …
- … it even through a grove of Palms.—’ (letter to Caroline Darwin, 25–6 April [1832] ). Darwin’s …
- … Museum or some other learned place’ (letter from E. A. Darwin, 18 August [1832] ). Writing to Fox …
- … about—’ (letter to W. D. Fox, [9–12 August] 1835 ). Darwin’s doubts about orthodox belief, and …
- … the late 1830s, and in correspondence with his fiancée, Emma Wedgwood, in 1838 and 1839, as can be …
- … within six years of his return from the Beagle voyage, Darwin moved to Down House, in the …
- … of England. The whole family took the sacrament, although Emma used to make the children turn around …
- … where their children Mary and Charles were buried; later Darwin’s brother Erasmus, Emma’s sister …
- … church involvement can be attributed to the influence of Emma, whose religious scruples are …
- … Although he was not the principal landowner in Down, Darwin was a gentleman of means, and clearly …
- … made inroads on Anglican authority in the countryside. The Darwin family took an interest in, and …
- … moved away from Down (letter to J. B. Innes, 15 December [1861] ). Darwin and Innes continued to …
- … Ffinden strongly disapproved of the Darwins. In his eyes, Emma’s Unitarian leanings and Darwin’s …
- … schools in this period, the Down school was Anglican. Emma wished it to be used as a reading room …
- … even altered the habits of the household in order to allow Emma and the children to attend his …
- … increase his desire to actually attend Sunday services with Emma and the children. Darwin’s life in …
Darwin in letters, 1865: Delays and disappointments
Summary
The year was marked by three deaths of personal significance to Darwin: Hugh Falconer, a friend and supporter; Robert FitzRoy, captain of the Beagle; and William Jackson Hooker, director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and father of Darwin’s friend…
Matches: 17 hits
- … In 1865, the chief work on Charles Darwin’s mind was the writing of The variation of animals and …
- … letters on climbing plants to make another paper. Darwin also submitted a manuscript of his …
- … protégé, John Scott, who was now working in India. Darwin’s transmutation theory continued to …
- … Argyll, appeared in the religious weekly, Good Words . Darwin received news of an exchange of …
- … Butler, and, according to Butler, the bishop of Wellington. Darwin’s theory was discussed at an …
- … in the Gardeners’ Chronicle . At the end of the year, Darwin was elected an honorary member of …
- … year was marked by three deaths of personal significance to Darwin: Hugh Falconer, a friend of …
- … in August. There was also a serious dispute between two of Darwin’s friends, John Lubbock and …
- … jolly’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 7 January [1865] ). Darwin was ready to submit his paper on …
- … a sudden illness. Falconer was 56, almost the same age as Darwin himself. Falconer had seconded …
- … supported his candidacy, and had tried hard to persuade Darwin to accept the award in person (see …
- … the award ( see letter from Hugh Falconer to Erasmus Alvey Darwin, 3 January 1865 ). Erasmus …
- … vol. 9, letter to J. D. Hooker, 28 September [1861] ). Scott had evidently started his …
- … attending school, and spent some time travelling in Europe (Emma Darwin’s diary (DAR 242), Emma …
- … people weren’t so foolish’;. In November, Darwin and Emma visited Erasmus in London ( …
- … frequently, and Hooker also came for a short stay in March (Emma Darwin’s diary, DAR 242). A …
- … Darwin wrote poignantly to his son William on 30 November [1861]: ‘Mamma is in bed with bad Headach. …
Darwin’s hothouse and lists of hothouse plants
Summary
Darwin became increasingly involved in botanical experiments in the years after the publication of Origin. The building of a small hothouse - a heated greenhouse - early in 1863 greatly increased the range of plants that he could keep for scientific…
Matches: 24 hits
- … Towards the end of 1862, Darwin resolved to build a small hothouse at Down House, for ‘experimental …
- … hothouse early in 1863 marked something of a milestone in Darwin’s botanical work, since it greatly …
- … vol. 5, letter to J. D. Hooker, 19 April [1855] ). Darwin became increasingly involved in …
- … Though his greenhouse was probably heated to some extent, Darwin found himself on several occasions …
- … meaning a construction suitable for tropical plants. In 1861 and 1862, while preparing Orchids , …
- … again on Turnbull’s hothouses in his experiments, begun in 1861, on the Melastomataceae, a family of …
- … make observations and even experiments on his behalf. Darwin’s decision to build a hothouse …
- … Hooker, 12 [December 1862] and n. 13). Initially, Darwin purchased for this purpose a glass …
- … of 24 December [1862] ( Correspondence vol. 10) Darwin told Hooker: I have …
- … Encyclopedia of gardening (Loudon 1835), a copy of which Darwin signed in 1841 (see the copy in …
- … of heat’ (p. 1100). The latter was the sense in which Darwin used the word. The building of …
- … accounts (Down House MS)). When it was completed, Darwin told Turnbull that without Horwood’s aid he …
- … ). Even before work on the hothouse started, however, Darwin began making preparations to …
- … plants’ (letter to J. D. Hooker, 13 January [1863] ). Darwin apparently refers to the catalogues …
- … whom he had dealt over many years. In his letter to Hooker, Darwin mentioned that he hoped to be …
- … (letter from J. D. Hooker, [15 January 1863] ). Darwin agreed to send Hooker his list of …
- … (letter to J. D. Hooker, 30 January [1863] ). Darwin probably gave his list of plants to …
- … [1863] ). On 20 February, the plants from Kew had arrived. Darwin was delighted, telling Hooker: ‘I …
- … of moss, peat, and charcoal (see the letter from Henrietta Emma Darwin to William Erasmus Darwin, …
- … (see letter from J. D. Hooker, [6 March 1863] ). Darwin derived enormous pleasure from his …
- … (letter to J. D. Hooker, 24[–5] February [1863] ). Darwin’s aesthetic appreciation of the …
- … the tropics. Even before he left on the Beagle voyage, Darwin used the hothouses in the …
- … (see Correspondence vol. 1, letter to Caroline Darwin, [28 April 1831] ), and when, on the …
- … again’ ( Correspondence vol. 1, letter to Catherine Darwin, May–June [1832] ). Years later, …
Darwin in letters,1866: Survival of the fittest
Summary
The year 1866 began well for Charles Darwin, as his health, after several years of illness, was now considerably improved. In February, Darwin received a request from his publisher, John Murray, for a new edition of Origin. Darwin got the fourth…
Matches: 23 hits
- … The year 1866 began well for Charles Darwin, as his health, after several years of illness, was now …
- … and also a meeting with Herbert Spencer, who was visiting Darwin’s neighbour, Sir John Lubbock. In …
- … all but the concluding chapter of the work was submitted by Darwin to his publisher in December. …
- … hypothesis of hereditary transmission. Debate about Darwin’s theory of transmutation …
- … alleged evidence of a global ice age, while Asa Gray pressed Darwin’s American publisher for a …
- … for the Advancement of Science. Fuller consideration of Darwin’s work was given by Hooker in an …
- … frustrations were punctuated by family bereavement. Two of Darwin’s sisters died, Emily Catherine …
- … from painful illness. Diet and exercise Among Darwin’s first letters in the new year …
- … every day’ ( letter to H. B. Jones, 3 January [1866] ). Darwin had first consulted Jones in July …
- … ( letter from H. B. Jones, 10 February [1866] ). Darwin began riding the cob, Tommy, on 4 …
- … day which I enjoy much.’ The new exercise regime led to Darwin’s being teased by his neighbour, John …
- … John Lubbock, 4 August 1866 ). More predictably, however, Darwin immediately converted his renewed …
- … Since the publication of Origin in November 1859, Darwin had continued gathering and organising …
- … by natural selection was based. The work relied heavily on Darwin’s extensive correspondence over …
- … and poultry expert William Bernhard Tegetmeier. In January, Darwin wrote to Tegetmeier that he was …
- … ( letter to W. B. Tegetmeier, 16 January [1866] ). Darwin found the evidence of variation in …
- … on botanical dimorphism and trimorphism, published between 1861 and 1864, which raised questions …
- … A London holiday In April Darwin went with his wife, Emma, and daughter Henrietta, to London, …
- … him owing to the beard he had grown over the past few years. Emma described the Royal Society event …
- … isn’t it?’), as well as the role that she and Emma continued to play in safeguarding Darwin’s health …
- … Darwin had become interested in Rhamnus (buckthorn) in 1861, when Asa Gray informed him that a …
- … (Correspondence vol. 9, letter from Asa Gray, 11 October 1861 ). Darwin wished to establish …
- … poor Susan’s loneliness’ ( letter from E. C. Langton to Emma and Charles Darwin, [6 and 7? January …
Instinct and the Evolution of Mind
Summary
Sources|Discussion Questions|Experiment Slave-making ants For Darwin, slave-making ants were a powerful example of the force of instinct. He used the case of the ant Formica sanguinea in the On the Origin of Species to show how instinct operates—how…
Matches: 14 hits
- … | Experiment Slave-making ants For Darwin, slave-making ants were a powerful …
- … speculate about how it might have developed evolutionarily. Darwin corresponded about slave-making …
- … with entomological experts who classified the ant species Darwin collected and advised him on how …
- … in 1859, friends, acquaintances, and strangers wrote to Darwin about his treatment of the remarkable …
- … Russel Wallace. The case of F. sanguinea intrigued Darwin's network of scientific …
- … SOURCES Books Darwin, Charles. On the Origin of Species . 1859. London: John …
- … Manuscripts Excerpts from Charles Darwin's Notebook C , p. 166 Excerpts …
- … of Mind Letter 2226 —Frederick Smith to Darwin, 26 Feb 1858 In this letter, …
- … Museum, identifies the species of an ant described by Darwin in a previous letter and advises him on …
- … activities of F. sanguinea . Letter 2235 —Darwin to Frederick Smith, [before 9 Mar …
- … mostly about the behavior of slave-making ants, which Darwin sent Smith. Darwin routinely sent …
- … only to Smith. Letter 2456 —Frederick Smith to Darwin, 30 Apr 1859 Here Smith …
- … known habitat in Britain. Letter 2265 —Charles Darwin to William Erasmus Darwin, [26 Apr …
- … Letter 3266 —Charles Darwin to H. W. Bates, 25 September [1861] In a letter full of advice …
Darwin in letters, 1863: Quarrels at home, honours abroad
Summary
At the start of 1863, Charles Darwin was actively working on the manuscript of The variation of animals and plants under domestication, anticipating with excitement the construction of a hothouse to accommodate his increasingly varied botanical experiments…
Matches: 25 hits
- … At the start of 1863, Charles Darwin was actively working on the manuscript of The variation of …
- … markedly, reflecting a decline in his already weak health. Darwin then began punctuating letters …
- … am languid & bedeviled … & hate everybody’. Although Darwin did continue his botanical …
- … letter-writing dwindled considerably. The correspondence and Darwin’s scientific work diminished …
- … of the water-cure. The treatment was not effective and Darwin remained ill for the rest of the year. …
- … the correspondence from the year. These letters illustrate Darwin’s preoccupation with the …
- … to man’s place in nature both had a direct bearing on Darwin’s species theory and on the problem …
- … detailed anatomical similarities between humans and apes, Darwin was full of praise. He especially …
- … in expressing any judgment on Species or origin of man’. Darwin’s concern about the popular …
- … Lyell’s and Huxley’s books. Three years earlier Darwin had predicted that Lyell’s forthcoming …
- … first half of 1863 focused attention even more closely on Darwin’s arguments for species change. …
- … ‘groan’ ( letter to Charles Lyell, 6 March [1863] ). Darwin reiterated in a later letter that it …
- … of creation, and the origin of species particularly, worried Darwin; he told Hooker that he had once …
- … letter to J. D. Hooker, 24[–5] February [1863] ). Darwin did not relish telling Lyell of his …
- … ( letter to Charles Lyell, 6 March [1863] ). Nevertheless, Darwin’s regret was profound that the …
- … the ‘brutes’, but added that he would bring many towards Darwin who would have rebelled against …
- … from Charles Lyell, 11 March 1863 ). The botanist Asa Gray, Darwin’s friend in the United States, …
- … off ( see letter from Asa Gray, 20 April 1863 ). In May, Darwin responded to Gray that Lyell’s and …
- … had been unsuccessful ( see letter from E. A. Darwin to Emma Darwin, 11 November [1863] ). The …
- … sterility, that had already occupied much of his time in 1861 and 1862. With the publication in 1862 …
- … of sterility, a question he had been struggling with in 1861 and 1862; he wanted to determine …
- … letter to Charles Lyell, 12–13 March [1863] ). Emma was a steady help to Darwin, writing …
- … shrubs ( see letter from W. D. Fox, 7 September [1863] ). Emma wrote back: ‘This has been a great …
- … fared little better, and most letters were dictated to Emma. Darwin only managed one of his …
- … letters from him in December were short, and dictated to Emma. By the end of the year, Emma admitted …
Darwin's health
Summary
On 28 March 1849, ten years before Origin was published, Darwin wrote to his good friend Joseph Hooker from Great Malvern in Worcestershire, where Dr James Manby Gully ran a fashionable water-cure establishment. Darwin apologised for his delayed reply to…
Matches: 19 hits
- … March 1849, ten years before Origin was published, Darwin wrote to his good friend Joseph Hooker …
- … Manby Gully ran a fashionable water-cure establishment. Darwin apologised for his delayed reply to …
- … See the letter At various periods in his life Darwin suffered from gastrointestinal …
- … fatigue, trembling, faintness, and dizziness. In 1849, Darwin’s symptoms became so severe that he …
- … for three months while he took Dr Gully’s water cure. In Darwin’s letter to Hooker, he described Dr …
- … See the letter After returning from Malvern, Darwin continued his hydropathic …
- … 1852, 1859, and 1863. In a letter to Hooker in April of 1861, for example, Darwin used his delicate …
- … Edward Wickstead Lane, and at Ilkley with Dr Edmund Smith, Darwin sought advice from his consulting …
- … of a fashionable spinal ice treatment. In April 1864, Darwin attributed his improved health to Dr …
- … to J. D. Hooker, 13 April [1864] ) Why was Darwin’s so ill? Historians and others have …
- … that there were psychological or psychosomatic dimensions to Darwin’s most severe periods of crisis. …
- … letter to F. T. Buckland, 15 December [1864] ). On Darwin’s early stomach troubles, see …
- … almost daily (see Correspondence vol. 12, letter from Emma Darwin to W. D. Fox, [6 May 1864] …
- … 38, 47, 64). Fainting and ‘rocking’ had been recorded in Emma Darwin’s diary (DAR 242) on several …
- … sensations’ has been found. On Darwin’s reliance on Emma Darwin’s companionship and care see, for …
- … Hooker, 1 June [1865] and 27 [or 28 September 1865] . Emma or another member of the household …
- … alive’. See also Correspondence vol. 12, letter from Emma Darwin to J. D. Hooker, 17 March …
- … October 1863 (see Correspondence vol. 11, letter from Emma Darwin to W. D. Fox, 8 December …
- … of chalk, magnesia, and other antacids in March 1864 (see Emma Darwin’s diary, DAR 242, and n. 8, …
Insectivorous plants
Summary
Darwin’s work on insectivorous plants began by accident. While on holiday in the summer of 1860, staying with his wife’s relatives in Hartfield, Sussex, he went for long walks on the heathland and became curious about the large number of insects caught by…
Matches: 22 hits
- … Darwin’s work on insectivorous plants began by accident. While on holiday in …
- … illness, probably typhoid fever. While caring for Etty, Darwin’s wife Emma wrote to a friend: …
- … suppose he hopes to end in proving it to be an animal.’ ( Emma Darwin 2: 177) By the end …
- … In this song the lyrics are based on Darwin's statements about insectivorous plants in his …
- … exchanging over twenty letters in the autumn of 1860 alone. Darwin started by asking Oliver to …
- … as the Australian Drosera , and tried to reproduce Darwin’s results on the reaction of …
- … certain nitrogenous compounds is marvellous. ’ Darwin turned his attention to the mechanism …
- … viscid, dark red fluid. ’ By the end of November Darwin wrote to Charles Lyell: ‘ I will …
- … of the Philosophical Club of the Royal Society in February 1861 (Bonney 1919, p. 154), Darwin …
- … son Leonard’s and wife’s recovery from scarlet fever , Darwin began experiments with various …
- … analogous in constitution & function to nervous matter. ’ Darwin wrote to the surveyor Edward …
- … plants for 10 years. Early in 1872, Asa Gray reminded Darwin ‘ pray don’t run off on some …
- … about Drosera & Dionæa ’. By August and September, Darwin was ordering essential oils and …
- … New Jersey with these remarkable observations and Darwin asked her to observe the North …
- … sundew) . As part of his medical training, Darwin’s son Francis studied histology at the …
- … performing comparative experiments on animals. After Darwin had sent Burdon Sanderson an abstract of …
- … was so pleased with his results he excitedly telegraphed Darwin and presented them in paper to …
- … Brown Institution’s staff, Thomas Lauder Brunton, assisted Darwin with the digestibility of chondrin …
- … of Chemistry Edward Frankland supplied pure chemicals for Darwin’s study of digestion and …
- … substance . After many careful experiments, in May 1874 Darwin proudly reported to his cousin …
- … (the genus of tropical pitcher-plants) in parallel with Darwin’s study of Drosera and Dionaea …
- … as your finger nail in 48 hours to lovely jelly ’, while Darwin could only reply: ‘ Poor Drosera …
Scientific Networks
Summary
Friendship|Mentors|Class|Gender In its broadest sense, a scientific network is a set of connections between people, places, and things that channel the communication of knowledge, and that substantially determine both its intellectual form and content,…
Matches: 15 hits
- … activities for building and maintaining such connections. Darwin's networks extended from his …
- … when strong institutional structures were largely absent. Darwin had a small circle of scientific …
- … section contains two sets of letters. The first is between Darwin and his friend Kew botanist J. D. …
- … about Hooker’s thoughts. Letter 729 — Darwin, C. R. to Hooker, J. D., [11 Jan 1844] …
- … is like confessing a murder”. Letter 736 — Darwin, C. R. to Hooker, J. D., 23 Feb [1844 …
- … of wide-ranging species to wide-ranging genera. Darwin and Gray Letter 1674 …
- … of the species. Letter 1685 — Gray, Asa to Darwin, C. R., 22 May 1855 Gray …
- … of alpine flora in the USA. Letter 2125 — Darwin, C. R. to Gray, Asa, 20 July [1857] …
- … have in simple truth been of the utmost value to me.” Darwin believes species have arisen, like …
- … or continuous area; they are actual lineal descendants. Darwin discusses fertilisation in the bud …
- … exchange This collection of letters between Darwin and Hooker, while Darwin was writing his …
- … to information exchange. Letter 1202 — Darwin, C. R. to Hooker, J. D., 6 Oct [1848] …
- … Letter 3139 — Tegetmeier, W. B. to Darwin, C. R., 4 May [1861] Tegetmeier sends some replies …
- … J. D. Hooker to take Scott on at Kew. Darwin notes that Emma begs him not to employ him at Down. He …
- … Letter 1176 — Darwin, C. R. to Darwin, Emma, [20–1 May 1848] Darwin writes to his wife Emma. …
